PRAYER OF THE DAY
Philosophizing is to think or express oneself in
a rational and logical manner. In
phenomenology, truth is based on the person’s
consciousness; while existentialism, truth is
based on exercising choices and personal
freedom; in postmodernism, it is accepted that
truth is not absolute; and in logic, truth is based
on reasoning and critical thinking.
F. BIAS
is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an
idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded,
prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned.
People may
unfair. Biases develop
can be innate or learned. biases forbiases
People may develop or foragainst an individual,
or against an individual, a group, or a belief.a
Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or
group, or a belief.
a tendency to believe that some people, ideas, etc.,
are better than others that usually results in treating
some people unfairly.
F. BIAS
1. CORRESPONDENCE BIAS (Attribution Effect)
Tendency to judge a person’s personality by his or her
actions, without regard for external factors or influences
“These soldiers who fought in the war are all bloodthirsty
murderers!”
F. BIAS
2. CONFIRMATION BIAS
Tendency to look for and readily accept information which
fits one’s own beliefs or views and to reject ideas or
views that go against.
“How can I accept his view that there is no God? I am a
Christian!”
F. BIAS
3. FRAMING
Focusing on certain aspect of a problem while ignoring
other aspects. (book)
“Preliminary evidence has still not pointed out the actual
cause of the plane crash, but investigators are currently
focusing on the possibility of pilot error.”
F. BIAS
3. FRAMING
Refers to the observation that the manner in which data
is presented can affect decision making.
People are more inclined to recycle when told they are
“preventing waste” than when told they are “saving resources.”
A salesperson promoting a product would much rather
claim 85% of customers were satisfied with the product
than admit 15% of customers were dissatisfied.
F. BIAS
4. HINDSIGHT
The tendency to see past events as predictable, or to
ascribe a pattern to historical events.
“Magellan’s assault on Mactan Island was a foolhardy
venture, made by an overconfident, careless man who
underestimated the valor of the native Filipino’s.”
“I knew that relationship wasn’t going to work out!”
after a month they break up
F. BIAS
4. HINDSIGHT
F. BIAS
5. CONFLICT OF INTEREST
A person or group is connected to or has a vested
interest in the issue being discussed.
“As the daughter of accused, I believe I have the right to express
my opinion on the issue of his alleged corrupt practices.”
Representing a family member in court. Starting a business that
competes with your full-time employer. Advising a client to invest
in a company owned by your spouse.
F. BIAS
6. CULTURAL BIAS
Analyzing an event or issue based on one’s cultural
standards.
“I do not agree with this Western practices of placing
aged parents in retirement homes. We Filipinos take care
of our family members.”
*notes
to
remember
Propositions Opinions
It is a statement about the world or reality. are statement that go beyond providing
Propositions may or may not carry truth. facts.
Knowledge A conclusion
is the clear awareness and understanding of is a judgment based on certain facts.
something. It is the product of questions that
allow for clear answers provided by facts. Beliefs
Facts are statements that expresses convictions
are propositions or statement which are that are not easily and clearly explained by
observe to be real or truthful. facts.
Claim Explanations
is a statement that is not evidently or are statements that assume the claim to be
immediately known to be true. This means true and provide reasons why the statement
that any claim can be proven by verification is true.
.
Bias Arguments
is disproportionate weight in favor of or are series of statements that provide
against an idea or thing, usually in a way reasons to convince the reader or listener
that is closed-minded, prejudicial. that a claim or opinion is truthful.
Human
Race
Human Species
Nature
Man : an individual human
: an adult male human
: a man belonging to a particular category (as by
birth, residence, membership, or occupation) —
usually used in combination.
Human
(adjective) -relating to or characteristic of people or
human beings.
"the human body"
Katulad: anthropoid
Kabaligtaran: animal
(noun )
a human being, especially a person as distinguished from an
animal or (in science fiction) an alien.
Human Being
(noun ) a man, woman, or child of the species Homo sapiens,
distinguished from other animals by superior mental development,
power of articulate speech, and upright stance
Personhood (Pagkatao)
the status of being a person.
Defining personhood is a
controversial topic in
philosophy and law and is
closely tied with legal and
political concepts of
citizenship, equality, and
liberty. According to law, only
a natural person or legal
personality has rights,
protections, privileges,
responsibilities, and legal
liability
Human nature (Katauhan)
the general psychological characteristics, feelings, and
behavioral traits of humankind, regarded as shared by all
humans .
What is the human person?
The human person is fundamentally a creature of God and not a casual
product of blind and arbitrary matter or the construction of social
engineers. In essence, the human person proceeds from the idea that
God has for him and develops in the context of time and history.
Different Traits of A Person
1. Self –Awareness refers to the person having a clear
perception of oneself, including his thoughts, emotions,
identity and actions.
> The human person is defined by deeper awareness which is driven
RATIONALITY or human thought. A person is aware of both his or her
surroundings and himself or herself. RATIONAL THINKING is the ability to
draw sensible (MATINO) conclusions.
> INTERIORITY is the ability of the person to experience inner
world. It focused on one’s inner life and identity.
Different Traits of A Person
2. Self-determination refers to the capability of persons
to make choices and decisions based on their own
preferences, monitor and regulate their actions, and be
goal-oriented and self-directed.
Consequence is the result or effect of an action or
condition.
Morality is the “goodness or badness” of an act.
Different Traits of A Person
3. Externality refers
to the capability of a
person to reach out
and interact with
others and the
world.
4. Dignity refers to the innate right to be valued and respected.
Philosophers consider all humans as having an inherent worth or
value. “You’re worthless!” is an insult since it attacks the very notion of
a person having value or worth.
Different Traits of A Person
5. Free will – It enables us to do actions whenever we want to and makes self-
determination possible. It is the capacity to choose a course of action from various
alternatives.
Limitations Can Lead To Possibilities
Transcendence is the ability
to change, be dynamic, and continually
redefining one’s self which works with
our facticity to create change.
Limitations Can Lead To Possibilities
Example, fulfilling a dream requires transcendence
because it opens a state of thinking and feeling that there
is something more in life than just physical and material
things. Much like Abraham Maslow’s self-actualization
concepts, transcendence is a state of being
intrinsically satisfied with life regardless of physical and
tangible factors.
Limitations Can Lead To Possibilities
Facticity refers to the things in
our life that are already given.
Example: LIFE
We are free to define who we are and who we
are to be. The Human Body in Imposing Limits and Possibilities
Spatial-temporal
being. As temporal beings,
our most obvious limitation is
our finitude ( the state of having
a limit or end)
The Human Body in Imposing Limits and Possibilities
1. BODILY LIMITATIONS
- mental and emotional disorders (e.g. anxiety, intellectual disability)
- disabilities (e.g. amputated leg, deafness)
- disease and illnesses (e.g. hypertension, cough)
- failures and experiences (e.g. failing a subject)
2. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITATIONS
- socioeconomic status
- location of neighborhood (e.g. armed, disorganized, or violent neighborhood)
- abusive relationships (e.g. emotional abuse) negative influences (e.g. drug use)
Activity A - Using the Ideas that have you learned, List down the different traits of a person and its
characteristics.
Activity B- Write your present limitations and your plan
towards transcendence.
Activity C- Give the similarities and differences between limitation and transcendence .
Activity D- Explore your abilities and limitations. Write down the skills and abilities that define you as a
person ( I Can ) and list down the things you have tried to do but could not because of your personal
limitations ( I Cannot ).
