ANIMAL TISSUE
ANIMAL TISSUE - TYPES
ANIMAL TISSUES
ON THE BASIS OF FUNCTION
EPITHELIAL CONNECTIVE MUSCULAR NERVOUS
TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE TISSUE
EPITHELIAL TISSUE (simplest tissue)
• covering or protective tissue that is separated from underlying tissue by fibrous
basement membrane.Hence always grows on other tissue.
• can be simple (made of one layer of cell) or stratified (made of many layers of cells)
CHARACTERISTICS:
1. Tightly packed cells to form a continuous sheet
• 2. Almost no intercellular spaces
LOCATION:
• Skin, lining of mouth, blood vessels, alveoli, kidney tubules
• It covers the organs and cavities inside the body and separates different systems from
each other.As it forms the outer layer of skin ,it protects the body from drying, injury,
and infections.
• NOTE: As whatever that enters the body or leaves the body,must cross atleast one layer
of epithelium (SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM),permeability of cells of epithelium is important
for exchange of substances.
CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHILIUM
• On the basis of :
A) NUMBER OF LAYERS
SIMPLE (made of single cell layer)
STRATIFIED (made of many cell layer)
CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHILIUM
B) CELL SHAPE
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TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Different epithelia show different structures as they perform different functions:
Type of Epithelium Structure Location in the body Function
Squamous epithelium Cells are thin, flat, irregular Oesophagus,lining of mouth, Protects the underlying
cells which fit like floor tiles alveoli of the lungs, blood tissue from injury,grems
to form delicate lining called vessels Exchange of gases inlungs
PAVEMENT EPITHILIUM and Materials
between cells and blood
Nuclei in centre
Cuboidal epithelium Cells are cuboidal with round Kidney tubules, duct of Gives mechanical support
nucleus in centre salivary At times the epithelial
glands tissue folds,forms a gland
Nuclei in centre that secretes substances.
Such epithilium is called
GLANDULAR EPITHILIUM
TYPES OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE…..contd
Different epithelia show different structures as they perform different functions
Columnar epithelium Cells are more tall Inner lining of Helps in absorption
and less wide intestine, excretion and
(PILLAR LIKE), In respiratory secretion
placed side by tract,cells have cilia
side. Nucleus is (hair like ) that move
situated near and push the mucous
the base. to clear it.Such
Nuclei near base epithilium is called
CILIATED
COLUMNAR
EPITHILIUM
Striated squamous Squamous flat cells Skin (to prevent wear Protection, prevent
Epithelium arranged in and tear) wear
many layers to tongue, oesophagus and tear
prevent wear and lining of
tear of parts. mouth.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• Connects various tissues together in any organ.Most abundant among all animal
tissues.
• FUNCTION: binding,supporting and packing of organs of the body.
• CHARACTERISTICS:
Few cells,loosely packed ,large intercellular spaces filled with jelly like substance called matrix.
Blood (connects all tissues and Bone
organs)
Has fluid matrix(ground substance) called plasma Forms skeleton that supports body and anchors
which has proteins,salts and hormones in which muscles.It is a strong and non-flexible tissue in
RBC,WBC,platelets are lying.It transports which bone cells are embedded in a hard matrix
gases,food,hormones and waste to parts of body made of calcium and phosphorous compounds
CONNECTIVE TISSUE….(cont’d)
Ligament & Tendons Cartilage (widely spaced cells)
LIGAMENTS connects bone to bone.It is Hard elastic tissue softer than bone. Matrix
elastic, has strength and very less matrix. is solid but elastic due to presence of
protein called CHONDRIN which is why we
TENDONS connect muscle to bones. They can bend a cartilage but not the bone.It
are less elastic, fibrous tissue with great smoothens the bone surfaces at joints and
strength and more matrix. also found in nose, ear trachea,larynx
Areolar tissue Adipose tissue
It fills space inside the organs,supports Stores fat. Found below the skin and b/w
internal organs and helps in tissue internal organs. Cells are filled with far
repair.Found between skin - muscles,around globules. It acts like an insulator due to
blood vessels and bone marrow. presence of fats.
MUSCULAR TISSUE
• FUNCTION: It is responsible for the movement in the body.
• CHARACTERISTICS : Cells of muscular tissue are long and called muscle fibres.
Muscles have special proteins called CONTRACTILE PROTEINS which contract
and relax to bring movement.
• TYPES OF MUSCULAR TISSUE
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE
STRIPED or STRIATED/ UNSTRIPED or NON-STRIATED CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBRES
SKELETAL/ / INVOLUNTARY MUSCLE
VOLUNTARY MUSCLE FIBRES FIBRES
Called striped or striated Called unstriped/non Structure in between striated
muscles as theyhave light and striated muscles as they do and non-striated muscle
dark bands or striations. not show light and dark fibres and are involuntary.
Called voluntary muscles as bands. Called involuntary as These muscles show
they move as per our will. they do not move as per our rhythmic contraction and
Called skeletal muscles as will. relaxation throughout life
attached to all bones and and pump blood.
help in movement.
TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE (cont’d)
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
•long cylinder shaped unbranched •spindle shaped cells • short cylinder
cells •uninucleated shaped,branched cells
•multinucleated (many nuclei) •fibres arranged in form of •uninucleated
•fibres arranged in form of bundles sheets •fibres arranged in form of
•have dark and light bands •dark and light bands absent network
• faint dark and light bands
LOCATION LOCATION LOCATION
Limbs (arms,legs),tongue,body,face Iris,ureters,bronchi of lungs, walls of heart
neck alimentary canal wall,blood
vessels
WORKING Contract quickly but can't WORKING Contract slowly but WORKING Contract quickly and
remain contracted for a long .So get can remain contracted for long rhythmically. Therefore do not
fatigued/tired. .So don’t get fatigued/tired. get fatigued/tired.
NERVOUS TISSUE
Cells of nervous tissue are called NERVE CELLS or NEURONS.Many
nerve cells are bound by connective tissue to make a nerve.
FUNCTION:
1. highly specialised tissue that helps in transmitting stimuli from
one place to other in the body.
2. controls all activities of the body.
LOCATION: Brain,spinal cord and nerves are made of nervous tissue.
STRUCTURE: Its structure looks like a tree with branches coming out
of it.
• A neuron has 3 parts –
1. a star shaped body called CYTON which has nucleus and cytoplasm
2. a single long part called AXON(carry messages away from cyton)
3. short ,branched part called DENDRITES(carry messages towards
cyton).
