JUNE PAPER 2 REVISION

MATHEMATICS

GRADE 12

TRIGONOMETRY
TRIGONOMETRY
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
=
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
2

1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 =
1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =
cos(𝑋 − 𝑌) =
cos(𝑋 + 𝑌) =
sin(𝑋 − 𝑌) =
sin(𝑋 + 𝑌) =
sin 2𝑋 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑋 =
=
=

Page 2 of 16
QUESTION 1 : CIRCULAR DIAGRAM
4
1.1 Given that 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼 = − 5 and 90° < 𝛼 < 270°.
WITHOUT using a calculator, determine the value of each of the following in
its simplest form:

1.1.1 sin(−𝛼 )
1.1.2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼
1.1.3 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝛼
1.1.4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝛼
1.1.5 sin (𝛼 − 45°)
24
1.2 If tan 2 = − and 0  2  180, use a sketch to calculate the value of:
7
1.2.1 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃
1.2.2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1.2.3 𝑠𝑖𝑛4𝜃
1.2.4 sin (2𝜃 + 45°)
1.3 Given that 𝑠𝑖𝑛23° = √𝑘, determine, in its simplest form, the value of each of
the following in terms ok 𝑘, WITHOUT using a calculator:

1.3.1 𝑠𝑖𝑛203°
1.3.2 𝑐𝑜𝑠23°
1.3.3 tan (−23°)
1.3.4 𝑠𝑖𝑛46°
1.3.5 𝑐𝑜𝑠11,5°
1.4 𝑠𝑖𝑛36°𝑐𝑜𝑠12° = 𝑝 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠36°𝑠𝑖𝑛12° = 𝑞, determine in terms of 𝑝 and 𝑞
the value of:

1.4.1 sin 48°

1.4.2 sin 24°
1.4.3 cos 24°
1.5 If sin 28° = 𝑎 and cos 32° = 𝑏, determine the following in terms of 𝑎 and 𝑏:
1.5.1 cos 28°
1.5.2 cos 64°
1.5.3 sin 4°
1.6 Prove without the use of a calculator, that if sin 28° = 𝑎 and cos 32° = 𝑏,
1
then 𝑏√1 − 𝑎2 − 𝑎√1 − 𝑏 2 = 2

Page 3 of 16
1.7 P (−√7; 3) and S(𝑎; 𝑏) are points on the Cartesian plane as shown in the
diagram below.

Determine without a calculator, the value of :

1.7.1 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
1.7.2 sin (−𝜃)
1.7.3 𝑎

Page 4 of 16
QUESTION 2 : SIMPLIFICATION ,EVALUATION OF EXPRESSIONS & IDENTITIES
2.1 Simplify without using a calculator
cos105. cos15
2.1.1
cos(45 − x ). cos x − sin( 45 − x ). sin x

tan(360°−𝑥).sin (90°+𝑥)
2.1.2
sin (−𝑥)

sin(540°−𝑥) tan(𝑥−180°)𝑠𝑖𝑛23°𝑐𝑜𝑠23°
2.1.3 𝑐𝑜𝑠44°sin (−𝑥)

4 cos(−𝑥)cos (90°+𝑥)
2.1.4
sin(30°−𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+cos(30°−𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

cos(40°−𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−sin(40°−𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2.1.5
𝑠𝑖𝑛205°𝑐𝑜𝑠25°

tan(180°+𝐴).cos(180°−𝐴).sin (360°−𝐴)
2.1.6
cos (90°−𝐴)

−2𝑠𝑖𝑛225°.𝑐𝑜𝑠315°
2.1.7 √
𝑠𝑖𝑛120°.𝑡𝑎𝑛570°.𝑐𝑜𝑠300°

𝑠𝑖𝑛104°(2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 15°−1)
2.1.8
𝑡𝑎𝑛38°.𝑠𝑖𝑛2 412°

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2.1.9
sin(180°−𝜃).cos(90°+𝜃)+𝑡𝑎𝑛45°

2.1.10 𝑐𝑜𝑠350°𝑠𝑖𝑛40° − 𝑐𝑜𝑠440°𝑐𝑜𝑠40°

2.2 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

8 sin(180°−𝑥)cos (𝑥−360°)
2.2.1 (a) Prove = −4𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (90°+𝑥)
(b)For which value(s) of 𝑥 in the interval 0° < 𝑥 < 180° will the identity be
undefined?

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
2.2.2 Prove 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+1
2.2.3 a) Prove = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+1
b) Hence evaluate 𝑡𝑎𝑛22,5°,without a calculator. Simplify your answer.

2.2.4 Prove 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (180° + 𝑥) + tan(𝑥 − 180°) sin(720° − 𝑥) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥.

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (360°−𝐴)+cos(90°+2𝐴)+𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (180°−𝐴) 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴−𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴

2.2.5 Prove = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
sin (90°−2𝐴)

𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
2.2.6 a) Prove 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
b) Determine the values of x in [−180°; 90°] for which the identity is undefined

Page 5 of 16
 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1
2.2.7 Prove 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥

2𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
2.2.8 Prove =
2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥−𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

cos − cos 2 + 2 1 + cos

2.2.9 Prove =
3 sin  − sin 2 sin 
cos(𝑥−45°) 1+𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
2.2.10 Prove =
cos (𝑥+45°) 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
2.3 NUMERICAL IDENTITIES
3
2.3.1 Show that: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 20° + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 40° + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 80° = 2
(Hint: 40° = 60° − 20° and 80° = 60° + 20°)

√6
2.3.2 Prove, without the use of a calculator, that, 𝑐𝑜𝑠75° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠15° = 2

√6+√2
2.3.3 Show that 𝑠𝑖𝑛75° = without a calculator
4

QUESTION 3: TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATIONS (GENERAL & SPECIFIC EQUATIONS)

3.1 Determine the general solution of 1 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 5𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 0.

𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
3.2 Given 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
3.2.1 Show that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1
3.2.2 Show that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = 2 can be simplified to 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥.
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 1
3.2.3 Hence, determine the general solution of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥) = 2.
3.3 Determine the general solution of 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 − 7𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3 = 0.
3.4 Given: 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2
3.4.1 Show that 4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2 can be written as
(2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 1)(2 + 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥) = 0
3.4.2 Hence or otherwise determine the general solution of
4𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 6𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 2

−√3
3.5 Determine the general solution of 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 2
3.6 Determine the general solution of 3𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
3.7 Given the identity 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
3.7.1 Prove the identity.
3
3.7.2 Hence, determine the general solution of 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

3.8 Determine the general solution of 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 0.

3.9 Solve for A: 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝐴 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠48°; 0° ≤ 𝐴 ≤ 90°.
3.10 If sin 43° = 𝐴 and cos(90° − 𝑘) cos 23° + 𝑐𝑜𝑠246° sin 23° = 𝐵, the find
find the value of 𝑘 if 𝐴 = 𝐵 and 0° ≤ 𝑘 ≤ 90°.

Page 6 of 16
QUESTION 4: MISCALLANEOUS
1 1
4.1 If 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 − 3 = 0, 90° ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 180°, calculate the value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜃. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 𝜃 − tan (3𝜃 − 45°)
4.2 Given the expression : 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
4.2.1 Calculate the maximum value of the above expression.
4.2.2 Calculate the first negative value of 𝑥 for which the expression has a
maximum value.
4.3 If 𝑠𝑖𝑛76° = 𝑥 and 𝑐𝑜𝑠76° = 𝑦, show that 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛62°.
1
4.4 Given that 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 3, calculate the numerical value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜃, WITHOUT a calculator.
4.5 Determine the maximum value of 8 − 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
4.6 Given: 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽 = −1
4.6.1 Write down the maximum and minimum value of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽.
4.6.2 Solve for 𝜃 ∈ [0°; 270°] and 𝛽 ∈ [−180°; 90°]
4.6* Determine the minimum value of cos 2 x − 2 cos x .
4.7 If 𝐴 + 𝐵 = 90° and 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝐴 = 0,2 then determine without the use of a calculator:
4.7.1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴
4.7.2 cos (−180° − 𝐵)
4.8 a) Prove that for any angle 𝜃, 𝑐𝑜𝑠3𝜃 = 4𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
b) If 𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠20°, use QUESTION 17.4 to show that 8𝑥 3 − 6𝑥 − 1 = 0

4.9 In ∆ABC it is given that AB = AC = 5 units and 𝐵̂ = 72°.

Calculate the area of ∆ABC

2𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
4.10 a) Prove the identity 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥
(1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)2
b) Hence, or otherwise, determine the maximum value of 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
3
4.11 If 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 = 4, calculate the value of 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝑥 without using a calculator.
4.12 Determine the value of  , for   ( 0 ; 180) , for which the equation
(sin  ) x 2 − (sin  ) x + cos = 0 has equal roots.

Page 7 of 16
QUESTION 5: SOLUTIONS TO TRIANGLES

QUESTION 1
The framework for a construction consists of a cyclic quadrilateral
PQRS in the horizontal plane and a vertical post TP as shown in the
figure. From Q the angle of elevation of T if 𝑦 ° . PQ = PS = 𝑘 units,
TP = 3 units and 𝑆𝑅̂𝑄 = 2𝑥 ° .

1.1 Show, giving reasons, that 𝑃𝑆̂𝑄 = 𝑥. (2)

1.2 Prove that SQ = 2𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥. (4)
1.3 Hence, prove that SQ =
6𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 (6)
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦
[12]

Page 8 of 16
QUESTION 2
In the figure, the diameter PQ of the circle is produced to R. S is a point on the
circumference such that QR = QS = 𝑥. P and S are joined and 𝑄𝑃̂𝑆 = 𝛼.

2.1 Prove that SR = 𝑥√2(1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝛼) (4)

2.2 If SR = 5√3 and 𝑥 = 5, show that PQ = 10. (4)
[8]

QUESTION 3
In ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, AC = 𝑚, BC = 𝑛 and 𝐶̂ = 4𝑥.
3.1 Write down an expression for the area of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶. (1)
3.2 Calculate the value of 𝑥 for which the area of the triangle will be (2)
a maximum.
3.3 What conclusion can you make about the triangle formed when (1)
the area is a maximum?
[4]

Page 9 of 16
QUESTION 4
In the diagram below, DE represents a vertical cell phone tower positioned on
one corner of a field. The field is shaped as a cyclic quadrilateral EFGH and E, F,
G and H are all on the same horizontal plane. From H, the angle of elevation to
D, the top of the tower is 𝛼. EH = EF = 𝑝 units. 𝐺̂ = 𝛽.

4.1 Write down DE in terms of 𝛼. (1)

4.2 Giving reasons, show that:
̂2 = 1 𝛽
4.2.1 𝐻 (3)
2
4.2.2 𝑝 =
𝐹𝐻
1
(3)
2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛽
2
4.2.3 𝐹𝐻 = 𝑝√2(1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛽) (3)
[10]

QUESTION 5
In the diagram below, ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 is drawn with PQ = 20 − 4𝑥, RQ = 𝑥 and 𝑄̂ = 60°.

5.1 Show that the area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 = 5√3𝑥 − √3𝑥 2 . (2)

5.2 Determine the value of 𝑥 for which the area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 is a maximum. (3)
5.3 Calculate the length of PR if the area of ∆𝑃𝑄𝑅 is a maximum. (3)
[8]

Page 10 of 16
QUESTION 6
∆𝑋𝑌𝑍 has lengths 4, 5 and 6 as shown in the diagram

7
Show that 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑌 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑍 = 8 (5)
[5]

QUESTION 7
At the end of a marathon there is a semi-circular banner with the word “Finish”
written on it. It stands perpendicular to the horizontal ground. B,C and D are
points on the horizontal ground. The highest point A on the vertical banner is
connected to
D by a straight rope AD. 𝐶𝐵̂ 𝐷 = 𝐵𝐶̂ 𝐷 = 𝜃 and DC = DB =𝑘.

7.1 Show that BC = 2𝑘𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (4)

7.2 Prove that 𝐴𝐷 = 𝑘 (6)
[10]

Page 11 of 16
QUESTION 8
In the diagram below, PS is a tangent to the circle through P, Q and R. QRS is a
straight line. PR = RS = 𝑥 and 𝑃𝑄̂ 𝑅 = 𝜃.

8.1 Prove that 𝑃𝑆 = 2𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 (7)

[7]

QUESTION 9
9.1 In the diagram below, three EQUAL circles of radius 3 units are
positioned so that they touch each other. BT is a vertical
common tangent to two circles and CD is a horizontal common
tangent to the same circles.

Show that BT = 3√3 + 6 (5)

9.2 Three identically sized cylinders are stacked on top of each other as
shown in the diagram below. They are anchored down by a piece of
rope from A to B and another piece of rope from B to E. A, C , D and E lie
on the same horizontal plane. B, C and D lie on the same vertical plane.
B is the highest point on the cylinder and the angle of elevation from A to
B is 50°. The radius of each cylinder is 3 m.

Page 12 of 16
9.2.1 Calculate the length of AB (rope required to anchor the (1)
cylinder down.
9.2.2 If the second rope EB has a length of 13 m then determine the (6)
straight line distance between A and E.
[12]

QUESTION 10
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐴 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝐵
Prove that in any acute-angled ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶, =
𝑎 𝑏
[5]

QUESTION 6: GRAPHS
Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) = sin (𝑥 + 30°)
6.1 Write down the amplitude of 𝑓.
6.2 Sketch the graph of 𝑓 and 𝑔 on the same set of axes on DIAGRAM SHEET 1.
6.3 Determine the value(s) of 𝑥 for which 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) ≥ 0 for 𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 90°]
6.4 Give TWO ways of transforming the graph of 𝑓 such that its y-intercept is at the
origin.
2 y

1,5

0,5
x
−180 −165 −150 −135 −120 −105 −90 −75 −60 −45 −30 −15 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180
−0,5

−1

−1,5

−2

Page 13 of 16
6.2 Draw the graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
for 𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°] on the same set of axes in DIAGRAM SHEET 1.
6.3 Write down the period of 𝑔.
6.4 If ℎ(𝑥) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠2(𝑥 + 10°), describe fully, in words, the transformation from
𝑔 to ℎ.
6.5 For which values of 𝑥, where 𝑥 > 0, will 𝑓 ′ (𝑥). 𝑔(𝑥) > 0.

2 y

x
−180 −135 −90 −45 45 90 135 180

−1

−2

6.3 The graphs of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos (𝑥 − 45°) and 𝑔(𝑥) = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 are drawn below for
𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°]. The point T is an 𝑥 −intercept of 𝑓 as indicated on the
diagram.

6.3.1 Show that cos(𝑥 − 45°) = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 can be written as 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 = −0,2612.
6.3.2 Solve the equation: cos(𝑥 − 45°) = −2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 for 𝑥 ∈ [−180°; 180°].
6.3.3 Write down the coordinates of point T.
6.3.4 Write down the interval for which 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 𝑔(𝑥).
6.3.5 Write down the interval for which both 𝑓 and 𝑔 are strictly increasing.
6.3.6The graph of ℎ is obtained when the graph of 𝑓 is shifted by 45°to the right.
Write down the equation of ℎ in its simplest form.

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QUESTION 7: FORMULAE PROOFS
7.1 a) Express cos( 𝑃 + 𝑄) in terms of trigonometric ratios of 𝑃 and 𝑄.
b) Hence, derive a formula, which expresses 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑃 in terms of 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑃.

7.2 Make use of sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦 to derive an expansion

of cos (𝑥 − 𝑦) in terms of sines and cosines of 𝑥 and 𝑦.

Page 15 of 16
 INFORMATION SHEET

− b  b 2 − 4ac
x=
2a
A = P(1 + ni) A = P(1 − ni) A = P (1 − i ) n A = P (1 + i ) n
n
Tn = a + (n − 1)d Sn = 2a + (n − 1)d 
2

Tn = ar n −1 Sn =
(
a r n −1) ; r 1 S =
a
; −1  r  1
r −1 1− r

F=

x (1 + i ) − 1
n
 P=
x[1 − (1 + i )− n ]
i i
f ( x + h) − f ( x )
f ' ( x) = lim
h→ 0 h
 x + x y + y2 
d = ( x 2 − x1 ) 2 + ( y 2 − y1 ) 2 M  1 2 ; 1 
 2 2 
y 2 − y1
y = mx + c y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) m= m = tan
x 2 − x1

( x − a )2 + ( y − b ) 2 = r 2
a b c
In ABC: = =
sin A sin B sin C

a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc. cos A
1
area ΔABC = ab. sin C
2
sin ( +  ) = sin . cos  + cos.sin  sin ( −  ) = sin . cos  − cos.sin 
cos( +  ) = cos . cos  − sin  .sin  cos( −  ) = cos . cos  + sin  .sin 
cos 2  − sin 2 

cos 2 = 1 − 2 sin 2  sin 2 = 2 sin  . cos
2 cos 2  − 1

n 2

x  (x − x )
i
x=  =2 i =1
n n
n( A )
P(A) = P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B)
n(S)

yˆ = a + bx b=
 (x − x )( y − y )
(x − x) 2