Country Region Soil Climate

Wine Characteristics
Classification
Key Appellations
Wine Styles
Grape Variety Body
France Bordeaux Gravel, cla Oceanic Full-bodiedAOC Médoc, Pom Dry reds a Merlot Medium to
Cabernet SFull
Sémillon Medium to
Sauvignon Light to m
Burgundy Limestone,ContinentaElegant, miAOC (VillagChablis, M Elegant redPinot Noir Light to m
ChardonnaMedium to
Loire Valle Gravel, tuf ContinentaFresh, acidiAOC Sancerre, Crisp whiteChenin Blanc
Sauvignon Light to m
Cabernet Franc
Alsace Mixed, ofteDry contineAromatic, AOC Alsace GraAromatic wRiesling
Gewürztraminer
Pinot Gris
Northern Granite, scContinentaPowerful, sAOC (e.g. CCôte Rôtie Full-bodiedSyrah
Viognier
Southern Galets roulMediterra Full-bodied,AOC (CôtesChâteauneu Full-bodiedGrenache
Syrah
Mourvèdre
Cinsault
Grenache Blanc
Roussanne
Southern FLimestone,Dry MediteDiverse ra IGP, AOC Minervois,Varied sty Carignan
Grenache
Syrah
Viognier
Italy Piedmont Clay, marl, ContinentaTannic, lonDOCG (BaroBarolo, Ba Powerful reNebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto
Cortese
Veneto Alluvial, hilMixed (conAmarone, SDOCG, DO Amarone del Sweet and Corvina
d
Rondinella
Garganega
Tuscany Limestone,Mediterra Elegant, hi DOCG (Chian Chianti ClaSavoury redSangiovese
Merlot Medium to
Trebbiano
Umbria/LaVaried (hillMediterranStrong tannDOCG (Sagra
MontefalcoTannic redsSagrantino
Grechetto
Verdicchio
South (Sici Volcanic, cHot, dry Powerful, fDOCG (Taura
Taurasi, CeBold reds, Nero d’Avola
Aglianico
Primitivo
Fiano
Spain Rioja Clay-limestContinentalRed fruit, DOCa Rioja DOCaAged reds, Tempranillo
Garnacha
Viura (Macabeo)
 Rías BaixasGranite, s Cool marit High acidityDO Rías Baixa Zesty, sali Albariño
Priorat Llicorella ( Warm contiPowerful, hDOCa Priorat DORobust redGarnacha
Cariñena
Ribera del Clay, limesContinentaFull-bodiedDO Ribera del Structured,Tempranillo
Germany Mosel Slate Cool continHigh aciditPrädikatswMosel, BerDelicate, oRiesling
Rheingau Slate, loess Fuller Riesling, red fr Rüdesheim,Full-bodiedRiesling
Full-bodiedSpätburgunder (Pinot Noir)
USA Napa ValleVolcanic, alWarm MediFull-bodiedAVA Oakville, R Powerful reCabernet SFull
ChardonnaMedium to
Sonoma Varied Cooler coasElegant, red fruit, ba Russian Ri Balanced PPinot Noir Light to m
ChardonnaMedium to
WillametteVolcanic, Cool marit Light-bodied, high acidDundee HillElegant PinPinot Noir Light to m
Pinot Gris
Australia Barossa ValSandy loamWarm MediFull-bodied,GI Barossa ValRipe, spicy Shiraz
Semillon
Yarra ValleVolcanic, Cool marit Elegant, red fruit, hig Yarra ValleCool-climatPinot Noir Light to m
ChardonnaMedium to
Margaret RGravelly l Warm mariStructured reds, tropiMargaret RStructured Cabernet SFull
ChardonnaMedium to
Sauvignon Light to m
South AfricStellenbos Granite, shMediterra Structured,WO SimonsbergBold reds, Cabernet SFull
Pinotage
Chenin Blanc
Swartland Shale, graniWarm and Concentrated, spicy r Swartland Rustic redsShiraz
Grenache
Chenin Blanc
Austria Wachau Loess, primCool continStructured,DAC Wachau, KDry whitesGrüner VeltMedium
Hungary Tokaj Volcanic Moderate, Lusciously PDO (TokajTokaji AszúSweet white Furmint Full
Greece Santorini Volcanic, s Hot MediteMineral, hiPDO SantorSantorini Dry and swAssyrtiko Medium to
Portugal Douro Schist Warm contiRich, high DOC Douro DOCDry reds, foTouriga NaFull
Canada Niagara PeLimestone,Cool continSweet or frVQA Niagara PeIcewine, drVidal Medium to
Chile Maipo VallAlluvial, gr Warm MediStructured,DO Maipo, ColFull-bodiedCarmenèreFull
Argentina Mendoza Alluvial, s Arid, high Ripe fruit, GI Luján de CuFull-bodiedMalbec Full
New Zeala MarlborouGravelly, alCool marit Zesty, aromGI MarlborougAromatic wSauvignon Light to m
France ChampagnChalk Cool continHigh aciditAOC ChamChampagnTraditionalChardonnaLight to m
France ChampagnChalk Cool continStructured,AOC ChamChampagnTraditionalPinot Noir Medium
Spain Jerez Albariza (c Hot MediteOxidative oDO Jerez-XJerez DO Fortified d Palomino Medium
Portugal Douro Schist Warm contiSweet, full DOC PortoPorto DOCFortified s Touriga NaFull
France Languedoc-Varied Warm MediSweet, fortAOC (e.g., Banyuls, MFortified Muscat Blan Medium to
Spain Penedès Limestone,Warm MediZesty, citruDO Cava Cava DO TraditionalMacabeo Light to m
Italy Piedmont CalcareousModerate cFruity, aro DOCG Asti Asti DOCG Tank methoMoscato BiLight
 Tannin Acidity Alcohol Intensity Nose Method
Medium Medium Medium toMedium (+Black fruit Conventional Fermentation & Aging
High Medium (+)High PronounceBlackcurranConventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium Medium (+Citrus, honConventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronounceGooseberry, Conventional Fermentation & Aging
Low to me High Medium Medium (+Red cherry,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium toMedium toGreen appleConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronounceGooseberry, Conventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
Medium Medium Medium toMedium (+Black fruit Conventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
 CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
under (Pinot Noir) CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
High Medium (+)High PronounceBlackcurranConventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium toMedium toGreen apple Conventional Fermentation & Aging
Low to me High Medium Medium (+Red cherry,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium toMedium toGreen apple Conventional Fermentation & Aging
Low to me High Medium Medium (+Red cherry,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
Low to me High Medium Medium (+Red cherry,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium toMedium toGreen apple Conventional Fermentation & Aging
High Medium (+)High PronounceBlackcurranConventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium toMedium toMedium toGreen apple Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronounceGooseberry, Conventional Fermentation & Aging
High Medium (+)High PronounceBlackcurranConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
CharacterisConventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium Medium (+Green apple Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronounceDried apricBotrytis/Noble Rot + Fortification
None High High PronounceCitrus, minConventional Fermentation & Aging
High Medium High PronounceBlack fruit,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronouncePeach, apriCryoextraction (Natural Freezing)
Medium (+Medium High Medium (+Blackberry,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
Medium toMedium High Medium (+Black plum,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Medium PronounceGooseberry, Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None High Low Medium (+Green apple,Traditional Method
Low High Low Medium toStrawberry,Traditional Method
None Low to me 15% (Fino)Medium toYeast (FinoOxidative Aging
High Medium High (19-2 PronounceBlack fruit,Conventional Fermentation & Aging
None Medium High (15-1 PronounceGrapey, floFortification
None High Medium Medium Green apple Traditional Method (No Noble Rot)
None High Low PronounceGrapes, peTank Method (No Noble Rot)