Internet And Email
Module 03
Introduction of Internet
The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that
enables the sharing of information and resources.
It evolved from research projects funded by the U.S. government in the
late 20th century, specifically the ARPANET, which was developed by the
Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Department of
Defense.
Key Components
• TCP/IP Protocols: Foundation for data
exchange.
• Domain Name System (DNS): Converts domain
names to IP addresses.
• Web Browsers: Software for accessing the
World Wide Web.
• Routers and Switches: Hardware for directing
internet traffic.
Key Features and Impact:
• Communication: The Internet revolutionized communication through
email, instant messaging, and social media platforms.
• Information Access: It provides access to vast amounts of information
through search engines, online libraries, and educational resources.
• Ecommerce: Online shopping and banking have transformed the way
people conduct business and manage their finances.
• Entertainment: Streaming services, online gaming, and digital content
platforms have changed how people consume entertainment.
• Social Interaction: Social media platforms have reshaped social
dynamics and the way people connect and share their lives.
Use of Internet
• connect easily through ordinary personal computers and local
phone numbers;
• exchange electronic mail (Email) with friends and colleagues
with accounts on the Internet;
• post information for others to access, and update it frequently;
• access multimedia information that includes sound, photographic
images and even video; and
• Access diverse perspectives from around the world.
• Sharing research and business data among colleagues and
likeminded individuals.
• Communicating with others and transmitting files via Email.
• Requesting and providing assistance with problems and
questions.
Concept of Protocols
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for
transferring files (text, graphic images, sound, video, and
other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
HTTP is an application protocol that runs on top of the TCP/IP
suite of protocols (the foundation protocols for the Internet).
(HTTPS stands for Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol) : used to transfer files between a
computer (client) and a server over the Internet.
IP ( Internet Protocol) :Set of rules that govern how data is sent
and received
Impact on Society
• Education: Online learning, research tools, digital
classrooms.
• Business: Remote work, cloud computing, global markets.
• Social Interaction: Social media, online communities,
virtual events.
• Healthcare: Telemedicine, electronic health records,
health information systems.
Challenges
• Security: Cybersecurity threats, data breaches,
malware.
• Privacy: Data privacy concerns, surveillance,
information misuse.
• Access: Digital divide, unequal access to highspeed
internet.
• Regulation: Net neutrality, intellectual property rights,
online censorship
Future Trends
• 5G and Beyond: Faster internet speeds, improved
connectivity.
• AI and Machine Learning: Enhanced data analysis,
automation.
• Blockchain: Decentralized networks, secure transactions.
• Augmented and Virtual Reality: New forms of
interaction, immersive experiences.
Web Browser
A web browser is a software application for retrieving,
presenting, and traversing information resources on the World
Wide Web.
An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource
Identifier (URI) and may be a web page, image, video, or other
piece of content.
EX : Mozilla Firefox
Google chrome
Opera
Netscape Navigator
Web Page
A web page or webpage is a document or information
resource that is suitable for the World Wide Web and can
be accessed through a web browser and displayed on a
monitor or mobile device.
A web page on a website is created using HTML (Hyper Text Markup
Language).
Website
A website, also written as Web site, web site, or simply site, is a set of
related webpages containing content (media), including text, video,
music, audio, images, etc.
Web Server
Web server can refer to either the hardware (the computer) or the
software (the computer application) that helps to deliver content that can
be accessed through the Internet.
URL(Uniform resource locator)
A uniform resource locator or universal resource locator (URL) is a specific character string that
constitutes a reference to an Internet resource.
.com → Commercial websites
.edu → Education (universities, schools)
.lk → Sri Lanka
.org → Non-profits or organizations
.gov → Government websites
ISP ( Internet Service Provider)
An ISP is a company or organization that provides access to the Internet
for individuals, businesses, and organizations.
Ex : Dialog,
SLT (Sri Lanka Telecom)
Mobitel
WWW (World Wide Web)
It is a system of interlinked web pages and resources accessed through
the Internet using a web browser.
The WWW was invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
Search Engine
A web search engine is designed to search for
information on the World Wide Web and FTP
servers.
1. Google 7. Ecosia
2. Bing 8. Startpage
3. Yahoo! 9. Qwant
4. DuckDuckGo 10. Ask.com
5. Baidu 11. WolframAlpha
6. Yandex 12. Gigablast
Email (Electronic Mail)
Definition: Email is a method of exchanging digital
messages over the internet.
History: Developed in the early 1970s, email has
evolved into one of the most common forms of
communication.
Importance: Essential for both personal and
professional communication, enabling fast, efficient,
and reliable information exchange.
Components of an Email:
Sender & Recipient: The person sending the email and the
person receiving it.
Email Address: Unique identifier for the sender and recipient,
typically in the format `[email protected]`.
Subject Line: A brief summary of the email’s content.
Body: The main content of the email.
Attachments: Files included with the email.
Sender CC (Carbon Copy) is used
to send a copy of the
email to other
Subject Line
recipients.
BCC (Blind Carbon Copy)
sends a copy to someone
without other
recipients knowing.
Body
Attachments
Option Description / Usage
Stores all received emails. You check this to read new
Inbox
or old messages.
Sent Stores all emails you have sent to others.
Saves unfinished emails that are written but not yet
Drafts
sent.
Contains deleted emails. You can restore or
Trash / Bin
permanently delete them.
Holds emails marked as unwanted or suspicious (ads,
Spam / Junk
scams).
Starred /
Let you mark important emails to find them quickly.
Important
Forward Let you send the same email to another person.
Types of Email Accounts
Personal Email Accounts:
Examples: Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Outlook.
Uses: Personal communication, subscribing to newsletters, etc.
Business/Corporate Email Accounts:
Examples: Company specific email addresses like
`
[email protected]`.
Uses: Professional communication, client interactions, official
purposes.
Process:
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Used
to send emails.
POP3/IMAP: Protocols used to retrieve
emails from a server.
Advantages of Email
Speed: Immediate delivery.
Cost effective: Free or low-cost communication.
Record Keeping: Emails can be archived for future
reference.
Global Reach: Communicate with anyone around
the world.
Security and Privacy in Email
Spam: Unsolicited and often irrelevant emails.
Phishing: Fake emails designed to steal personal
information.
Encryption: Protects email content from unauthorized
access.
Best Practices: Use strong passwords, enable two factor
authentication, and be cautious with attachments and
links.
Common Email Platforms
Gmail: Widely used, integrates with Google services.
Outlook: Popular in corporate environments, integrates
with Microsoft Office.
Yahoo Mail: Known for its storage capacity.
Apple Mail: Integrated with Apple devices, supports
various email providers.
Future of Email
Trends: Integration with other communication tools,
improved security features, AI driven email
management.
Challenges: Managing the volume of emails, combating
spam and phishing.
This structure should help you prepare comprehensive
slide notes on email.
Malware
Malware stands for Malicious Software. It is any software designed to
harm, damage, or gain unauthorized access to a computer system.
Example
Trojan Pretends to be a useful or harmless program but
Horse actually causes harm when run.
Worm Replicates itself
Adware Unwanted advertisements
Spyware Spyware secretly monitors user activity and sends
information (like passwords or browsing history) to the
attacker.
Have a Nice Day
