Quantitative Reasoning – I

1. Which of the following is NOT a process involved in reasoning?

A. Deduction
B. Induction
C. Hypothesis forming
D. Arithmetic calculation
Answer: Arithmetic calculation

2. Logic involves:
A. Analyzing and evaluating arguments
B. Performing routine measurements
C. Conducting surveillance
D. Making decisions based on specific observations
Answer: Analyzing and evaluating arguments

3. Quantitative approaches are widely used in which fields?

A. Medical, economics, psychology, sociology, and the natural sciences
B. Literature, art, music, and drama
C. History, philosophy, and theology
D. Language studies, communication, and journalism
Answer: Medical, economics, psychology, sociology, and the natural sciences

4. Which of the following statements is inferential in nature?

A. The mean Anatomy score was 492
B. The mean Physiology score was 475
C. Students in the Public Sector scored higher in Anatomy but lower in Physiology
D. The Anatomy scores are higher than they were 10 years ago
Answer: The Anatomy scores are higher than they were 10 years ago

5. Which of the following is an example of discrete quantitative data?

A. Number of patients in a hospital census
B. Age (25.5 years)
C. Weight (70.5 kg)
D. Blood pressure (135/95)
Answer: Number of patients in a hospital census

6. What is an example of a nominal number?

A. 1st, 2nd, 3rd
B. π (Pi)
C. 22/7
D. 5.67
Answer: π (Pi)

7. What defines an even number?

A. An integer that is divisible by 2 and ends with 2, 4, 6, 8
B. An integer that is divisible by 2 and ends with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0
C. Any positive integer excluding 0.
D. A number that is only divisible by 1 and itself.
Answer: An integer that is divisible by 2 and ends with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0

8. The hexadecimal number system includes digits and which additional letters?
A. A to D
B. A to E
C. A to F
D. A to G
Answer: A to F

9. To convert a binary number to a decimal number, you should:

A. Multiply each digit by the base 10.
B. Multiply each digit by increasing powers of 2 from left to right
C. Multiply each digit by increasing powers of 2 from right to left
D. Multiply each digit by increasing powers of 2 from right to left and add them
Answer: Multiply each digit by increasing powers of 2 from right to left and add them

10. Which data collection method involves following the same individuals or communities over
a period of time to identify trends?
A. Cross-sectional studies
B. Longitudinal studies
C. Qualitative studies
D. Big data analysis
Answer: Longitudinal studies

11. What is a characteristic of norm-referenced tests?

A. They measure performance against an absolute criterion
B. They compare an individual's performance to a predefined standard
C. They are used to measure specific objectives
D. They compare an individual's performance relative to others
Answer: They compare an individual's performance relative to others
12. Which type of test measures an individual's potential to predict future performance?
A. Achievement Test
B. Aptitude Test
C. Intelligence Test
D. Personality Test
Answer: Aptitude Test

13. What does reliability refer to in the context of testing?

A. The accuracy with which a test measures what it is supposed to measure
B. The consistency of test results over multiple trials
C. The ability to measure specific objectives
D. The method of creating standardized tests
Answer: The consistency of test results over multiple trials

14. Which graph is best for showing the relationship between two data series?
A. Line graph
B. Pie chart
C. Scatter plot graph
D. Bar graph
Answer: Scatter plot graph

15. Which of the following is an example of qualitative data?

A. Temperature readings
B. Names of students
C. Annual income
D. Age in years
Answer: Names of students

16. What is an ideograph?

A. A type of bar graph
B. A symbol made up of geometrical shapes representing an idea
C. A table summarizing values and their frequencies
D. A chart used for variance analysis
Answer: A symbol made up of geometrical shapes representing an idea

17. What are desirable properties of a standard unit of measure?

A. Accessibility, invariance, and reproducibility
B. Inaccuracy, variability, and difficulty to reproduce
C. Rarity, changeability, and complexity
D. None of the above
Answer: Accessibility, invariance, and reproducibility
18. Which of the following units is used to measure volume in the metric system?
A. Kilogram
B. Meter
C. Liter
D. Newton
Answer: Liter

19. What will come at place of X? 1, 9, 25, 49, X, 121

A. 100
B. 91
C. 64
D. 81
Answer: 81

20. In this series, which number come next? 5, 10, 6, 11, 7, 12, 8, 13, ___?
A. 9
B. 10
C. 14
D. 15
Answer: 9

21. What are the parts of sums in algebraic expressions called?

A) Factors
B) Terms
C) Coefficients
D) Expressions
Answer: Terms

22. How would you express x−7 in terms of components?

A) x is the term, and 7 is the coefficient
B) x is the factor, and 7 is the coefficient
C) x and 7 are terms
D) x is the term, and -7 is the factor
Answer: x and 7 are terms

23. What is the sum of the interior angles of a triangle?

a) 90 degrees
b) 180 degrees
c) 270 degrees
d) 360 degrees
Answer: 180 degrees
24. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
A) Range
B) Interquartile range
C) Mean
D) Standard deviation
Answer: Mean

25. Which measure of dispersion is not affected by extreme values?

A) Range
B) Variance
C) Interquartile range
D) Standard deviation
Answer: Interquartile range

26. What is the mode in a data set?

A) Average of the data set
B) Middle value of the data set
C) Most frequently occurring value
D) Difference between the highest and lowest values
Answer: Most frequently occurring value

27. The complement of set A is:

A) Elements in A
B) Elements in the universal set not in A
C) Elements in both A and the universal set
D) Elements in neither A nor the universal set
Answer: Elements in the universal set not in A

28. A triangle with all sides of different lengths is called:

A) Equilateral
B) Isosceles
C) Scalene
D) Right
Answer: Scalene

29. A circle is a set of points in a plane that are:

A) Equidistant from a fixed point
B) Connected by straight lines
C) All inside a polygon
D) All on the boundary of a polygon
Answer: Equidistant from a fixed point
30. Double of the line segment from the center of a circle to any point on the circle is called:
A) Diameter
B) Radius
C) Chord
D) Tangent
Answer: Diameter

31. In the expression 4a2b, what is the coefficient?

A) 4
B) a2
C) b
D) 4a2
Answer: 4

32. Which sampling method ensures every member of the population has an equal chance of
being selected?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Simple random sampling
D) Cluster sampling
Answer: Simple random sampling

33. In stratified sampling, the population is:

A) Divided into clusters
B) Divided into strata based on specific characteristics
C) Sampled at random
D) Sampled systematically
Answer: Divided into strata based on specific characteristics

34. What is the primary advantage of cluster sampling?

A) It is always more accurate than other methods
B) It reduces sampling variability
C) It is cost-effective and time-saving for large populations
D) It eliminates selection bias
Answer: It is cost-effective and time-saving for large populations

35. In a colony, there are 55 members. Every member posts a greeting card to all the members.
How many greeting cards were posted by them?
A) 990
B) 890
C) 2970
D) 3025
Answer: 2970

36. There are 20 points in a plane, how many triangles can be formed by these points if 5 are
colinear?
A) 1130
B) 550
C) 1129
D) 1140
Answer: 1130

37. In how many ways can we select 6 people out of 10, of which a particular person is not
included?
A) 10C3
B) 9C5
C) 9C6
D) 9C4
Answer: 9C6

38. A researcher flips a fair coin 3 times. What is the probability of getting exactly 2 heads?
A) 1/8
B) 1/4
C) 3/8
D) 1/2
Answer: 3/8

39. If a single die is rolled, what is the probability of rolling an even number?
A) 1/6
B) 1/3
C) 1/2
D) 2/3
Answer: 1/2

40. A study is conducted to determine the effectiveness of a new drug. Out of 100 patients, 70
patients showed improvement after taking the drug. What is the probability that a randomly
selected patient from this study showed improvement?
A) 0.7
B) 0.5
C) 0.3
D) 0.2
Answer: 0.7
41. If the variance of a data set is 25, what is the standard deviation?
A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 625
Answer: 5

42. In a normal distribution, which measure of central tendency is equal to the mode?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: Both A and B

43. Given the data set [3, 7, 7, 2, 6], what is the median?
A) 3
B) 5
C) 6
D) 7
Answer: 6

44. Which measure of dispersion takes into account all data points and provides a measure of
how spread out the values are around the mean?
A) Range
B) Variance
C) Interquartile range
D) Median
Answer: Variance

45. In a normal distribution, approximately what percentage of the data lies within one standard
deviation of the mean?
A) 50%
B) 68%
C) 95%
D) 99%
Answer: 68%
 46. Capacity of the human mind to think, understand, and form judgments sensibly is Known as ___.
A) Logic
B) Reason
C) Argument
D) Skill
Answer: Reason

47. What will be the sum of 13 numbers? 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24,26

A) 154
B) 162
C) 178
D) 182
Answer: 182

48. Approximately how many hours are there in 34.5 years?

A) 302,000 hrs.
B) 302,220 hrs.
C) 0.00394 hrs.
D) 0.00393835 hrs.

Answer: 302,220 hrs.

49. The number of digits in a given value or a measurement, necessary to decide the accuracy and
precision of measurement are known as
A) Rounding numbers
B) Scientific notation
C) Significant digits
D) Both A & B

Answer: Significant digits

[Link] (700)10 into Hexadecimal System?

A) (4BC)16
B) (3BC)16
C) (1BC)16
D) (2BC)16
Answer: (2BC)16
51. Nida weighs 47.51 kg. What is his weight to the nearest kg?
A) 48
B) 47
C) 50
D) 40

Answer: 48

52. Which types of graphs is used for presenting a single data series?
A) Line graph
B) Scatter graph
 C) Bar graph
D) Pie graph

Answer: Bar Graph

53. Measurement tools which are employed to measure the performance of an individual in some
specific area of interest are called ____.
A) Tests
B) Scales
C) Objectivity
D) Data collection Tool

Answer: Tests

54. If one-fourth of 3/5 of two-third of a number is 34, what is 20% of the number?
A) 36
B) 63
C) 68
D) 86

Answer: 68

55. 7X2 is a three-digit number in which X is a missing digit. If the number is divisible by 6, the
missing digit is ____.
A) 5
B) 4
C) 3
D) 2

Answer: 3

56. In 1979, 19,309,000 people in the United States received federal food stamps. Round to the
nearest ten thousand.
A) 19,310,000
B) 19,300,000
C) 19,300,000
D) 20,000,000

Answer: 19,310,000

57. In division, the number being divided into is called _____.

A) Quotient
B) Divisor
C) Dividend
D) Division

Answer: Dividend

58. Select a whole number that is divisible by 9.

A) 70200
 B) 65880
C) 10701
D) All

Answer: All

59. A whole number composed of factors other than itself and 1 is called _____.
A) Composite number
B) Prime number
C) Even number
D) Whole number

Answer: Composite number

60. A comparison, by division, of two pure numbers or two like denominate numbers is a
A) Rate
B) Ratio
C) Percentage
D) Comparison can be done by all

Answer: Ratio

61.A company can improve (power) its debt to total assists by doing which of the following?
A) Borrow more
B) Shift long term to short term debt
C) Shift short term to long term debt
D) Sell common stocks
Answer: Sell common stocks
62. If net income is $100,000 and shareholders' equity is $400,000, what is the return of equity?
A) 10%
B) 25%
C) 20%
D) 50%

Answer: 25%

63. If sales are $500,000 and cost of goods sold is $300,000, what is the gross profit margin?
A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Answer: 40 %

64. Characteristic of any test to the extent that the instrument yields the same results over multiple
trials.
A) Reliability
B) Validity
C) Cronbach’s Alpha
 D) Inter-rater reliability

Answer: Reliability

65. If a water tank has 500-liter water, then how many maximum numbers of pots of equal capacity
of 250ml, can be filled from water tank?
A) 2000
B) 2200
C) 2500
D) 3000
Answer: 200
66. Select the 3D shape from the following.
A) Circle
B) Triangle
C) Trapezium
D) Sphere

Answer: Sphere

67. Naseebo Laal and Chahat Fateh Ali khan arranged the bricks horizontally one above the other. If
the length, width and height of each brick is 6 inches, 3 inches and 3 inches respectively. How
many rows of bricks will be required to create the 3.5-meter wall? (1 meter = 39.4 inches)
A) 46
B) 58
C) 60
D) 40

Answer: 46

68. Bar' is the unit of

A) Temperature
B) Heat
C) Atmospheric pressure
D) Current
Answer: Atmospheric pressure
69. If Ahmed purchases a Watch for Rs 600 and pays 15% sales tax, the total amount spent on
purchase is?
A) 660
B) 670
C) 680
D) 690

Answer: 690

70. The x- and y-axes break the plane into four regions. These regions are called ____.
A) Range
B) Quadrant
C) Relation
D) All

Answer: Quadrant
71. Which of the following is true for parallel lines?
A) They intersect at a right angle
B) They never intersect
C) They are always perpendicular to each other
D) They intersect at one point
Answer: They never intersect

72. If the sum of two angles is 180°, what type of angles are they?
A) Complementary
B) Supplementary
C) Vertical
D) Adjacent
Answer: Supplementary

73. The center of a circle is:

A) The point on the circle closest to any point outside
B) The point that divides the diameter into two unequal parts
C) Equidistant from every point on the circle
D) The point of intersection of any two chords
Answer: Equidistant from every point on the circle

74. A polygon with 6 sides is called a:

A) Triangle
B) Square
C) Hexagon
D) Pentagon
Answer: Hexagon
75. Which of the following is a subset of the set of natural numbers (N)?
A) {0, 1, 2, 3}
B) {-1, 0, 1}
C) {1, 2, 3}
D) {0, -1, -2}
Answer: {1, 2, 3}

76. The union of two sets A = {1, 2} and B = {2, 3} is:

A) {1, 2}
B) {2, 3}
C) {1, 2, 3}
D) {1, 3}
Answer: {1, 2, 3}

77. The intersection of the sets A = {1, 2, 3} and B = {2, 3, 4} is:

A) {1, 4}
B) {2, 3}
C) {1, 2, 3, 4}
D) {}
Answer: {2, 3}

78. The solution to the equation 2x+3=7 is:

A) x=4
B) x=5
C) x=3
D) x=2
Answer: x=2

79. The quadratic equation x2−5x+6=0 factors as:

A) (x−3) (x−2) = 0
B) (x−6) (x−1) = 0
C) (x+5) (x+6) = 0
D) (x+1) (x+6) = 0
Answer: (x−3) (x−2) = 0

80. Which of the following is the solution to the inequality 3x+4 > 10?
A) x>2
B) x>3
 C) x<3
D) x<2
Answer: x>2

81. What is the sum of the interior angles of a hexagon?

A) 360°
B) 540°
C) 720°
D) 1080°
Answer: 720°

82. What is the area of a circle with a radius of 7 cm? (Use π = 3.14)
A) 49 cm²
B) 153.86 cm²
C) 38.48 cm²
D) 77 cm²
Answer: 153.86 cm²

83. Which of the following is a subset of {1, 2, 3}?

A) {1, 2, 4}
B) {1, 3}
C) {4, 5}
D) {5, 6, 7}
Answer: {1, 3}

84. What is the value of 3^4?

A) 12
B) 81
C) 27
D) 64
Answer: 81

85. Simplify: 5x + 2x - 3x + 7.
A) 4x + 7
B) 4x - 7
C) 2x + 7
D) 4x

Answer: 4x + 7