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Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication System

Conference Paper · January 2022

DOI: 10.1109/ICONAT53423.2022.9726110

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Md. Sohel Rana Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Northern University of Business & Technology Khulna Khulna University of Enginering & Technology (KUET)
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2022 International Conference for Advancement in Technology (ICONAT)
Goa, India. Jan 21-22, 2022

Study of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Wireless

Communication System
Md. Sohel Rana Md. Mostafizur Rahman
Dept. of ECE Dept. of ECE
Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET),
Khulna, Bangladesh Khulna, Bangladesh
[Link]@[Link] mostafiz963@[Link]

Abstract—In this research, A Microstrip Patch Antenna is single microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Communication
designed and studied for the future Wireless communication System is studied in this study to operate at 28 GHz, and the
technology operated at 2.4 GHz. Rogers RT/Duroid5880 is overall dimension of this antenna is 36 mm × 28.68 mm.
used as substrate having a dielectric loss of 2.2 and a thickness
of 0.3451 mm. The suggested antenna design is modeled with The organization of the paper is as follows, Section II
the help of the CST studio suite. The motive of this research presents method and calculation of antenna, design
was to achieve lower Return Loss, higher gain and lower specifications, the simulated results are discussed in Section
VSWR. From the simulation, the Return Loss, Gain and III and finally provides the conclusion in Section IV
VSWR were found to be -13.89 dB, 6.66 dBi and 1.50
respectively. II. METHOD AND CALCULATION
The physical geometry used, the physical size of the
Keywords—Microstrip patch antenna, 2.4 GHz, Wireless, structures, and the material qualities from which they are
Rogers RT/Duroid5880 etc. produced are all factors that limit the MSPA's performance.
Because it is simple to create and analyze, the rectangular
I. INTRODUCTION
patch shape is used in this research. Furthermore, due to its
Wireless Fidelity is a type of 2.4 GHz wireless bigger design, it has a wider impedance bandwidth than
communication (WiFi). When a WiFi enabled device, such other antenna types.
as a personal computer, video game console, smartphone, or
digital audio player, is within range of an Internet-connected After finalizing the substrate Rogers RT/Duroid5880, the
wireless network, it can connect to the Internet. One or more essential parameters are calculated optimizing in way that
(interconnected) access points (hotspots) can cover an area ensures low power consumption. Fig 1. Shows the
as small as a few rooms or as large as many square miles. dimensions of the parameters. The formulae utilized to
Microstrip has gotten the most attention from the antenna measure the dimensions are as follows [5-6].
community in recent years, thanks to the development of
MIC and high frequency semiconductor devices. When
compared to conventional antennas, the study of micro strip
patch antennas has made significant progress in recent years.
Higher data rates and smaller device sizes are required for
next-generation networks. Wi-MAX and WLAN are two
important standards in this evolution. It is a well-known
printed resonant antenna for narrow-band microwave
wireless links requiring semi hemispherical coverage. The
microstrip patch antenna has received a lot of attention due
to its planar configuration and ease of integration with
microstrip technology. For the success of these wireless
applications, we require efficient and small antennas.
Because wireless is becoming increasingly important in our
lives, portable antenna technology has grown in tandem with
cellular and mobile technologies.
By working with a millimeter-wave frequency spectrum, Fig. 1. Identification of the Dimensions of the antenna
the network’s capacity can be enhanced for wi-fi devices [1]. A. Width of the microstrip patch antenna
Traveling Wave gets distorted while operating in high
frequency. So, to get rid of this problem, high gain is needed
by optimizing the design [2]. There are many substrates
available, but Rogers substrate is the best to operate in high (1)
frequency whereas another substrate performs well in the
low frequency [3]. As the dielectric loss of this material is
not high and the deviation is lower than that of other
materials, it is best suited in high frequencya [4]. Antennas B. The Effective Dielectric Constant
that are lightweight, less costly, time-efficient, conformable
to any surface, are all important requirements for wireless (2)
communication. A microstrip patch antenna may be an
excellent contender for meeting all of the above criteria. A

978-1-6654-2577-3/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE 1

C. Extended Length mismatch at the interface of the feed-point and the patch
edge is significantly reduced by tuning the dimensions of the
(3) inset-feed, patch width, and microstrip transmission line
width.
In this work, Micro Strip Patch Antenna is designed and
Due to the fringing effect, the actual dimension is simulated by CST Software. All though there are many
deviated. This deviation is removed from the extended software, it is convenient and useful to work with CST. All
length to obtain the patch's real length, which is calculated the parameters are optimized simulating several times to
as follows: achieve desired result. All the parameters are tuned in a way
that gives maximum possible output. Finally, performances
were successfully increased in the all section of the antenna
(4) including beam gain, directivity, return loss, bandwidth and
radiation efficiency. The values are set manually and the
results were simulated to see the progress. The effect of
(5) different values are observed how it changes the simulation
results. Finally, all those values of the parameter of the
antenna are taken which gives the best performance of the
where ∆L is the length extension and L is the actual length antenna designed and studied in this work.
of the antenna.
A. Return Loss
The proposed antenna was connected with 50 Ω inset feed From the simulation result, the S11 parameter was
transmission feedline. This technique was used because it obtained. The base value is taken at -10 dB which is ideal for
requires no further additional matching element. mobile or wireless technologies. The antenna is operated at
the desired frequency. As illustrated in figure 3, it operates at
2.39 GHz. At this frequency the return loss is found to be -
D. Width of the Feedline 13.89 dB. The Bandwidth of the antenna is taken finding the
distance between two intersections which are 2.35 GHz and
(6) 2.42 GHz. Fig. 3 shows, the antenna has a bandwidth of .07
GHz.

The dimensions were optimized as follow in Table 1.

TABLE I. OPTIMIZED DIMENSIONS OF THE ANTENNA

Parameter Dimension (nm)

Width of the Ground, Wg 65

Length of the Ground , Lg 60

Width of the Patch, Wp 36

Length of the Patch, Lp 28.68

Height of Substrate, Hs 1.6

Feed line Width, Wf 1.444

Fig. 2. Design of the antenna in CST
Ground Thickness, t 0.035

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The electromagnetic wave encounters different
impedance at each interface as it travels through the core of
the antenna. In any case, when impedance of the antenna is
not match, it results in loss of power as some waves are
reflected to the initial position. As a result, perfect
impedance matching is required at the feeding network to
transfer a significant amount of energy to achieve maximum Fig. 3. Return Loss versus frequency
radiation efficiency. The microstrip inset feed line was used
to excite the proposed rectangular MSPA. The impedance

2
 As compared to previous works, the studied antenna
shows better in terms of Directivity Gain. The comparison is
shown in the table as follow:
TABLE II. COMPARISON WITH PREVIOUS WORKS
Reference Directivity Gain (dBi)

[7] 4.22

[8] 2.22

[9] 4.05

This Work 6.66

Fig. 4. VSWR vs Frequency

B. VSWR
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) represents the
E. E & H Field
power reflection of antenna. The value of VSWR should be
a positive and actual number. The Antenna's performance For further investigation, E and H filed are shown as
improves as the VSWR value decreases. It clarifies how the follow in the fig. 7 and fig.8.
transmission line's impedance is matched.
C. BandWidth
The bandwidth for VSWR should be not more than 2 and
less than 1. In ideal case, it is 1. Fig. 4 shows that at a
resonant frequency of 2.39 GHz, the VSWR value achieved
is 1.50 which will result in a smooth operation of the antenna
as Wi-Fi Technology requires higher bandgap.
D. Radiation Pattern and Gain
The radiation pattern is considered to be the unique
feature to identify the quality of the microstrip patch Fig. 7 : E field of the Micro Strip Patch Antenna
antenna. It's a crucial parameter since it indicates how well
the antenna is performing [1]. From the Fig. 5 and 6, which
represents the 3D and 2D radiation pattern of the antenna,
the Directivity Gain is found to be 8.2 dBi which can be very
effective for wireless communication.

Fig. 8: H field of the Micro Strip Patch Antenna

IV. CONCLUSION
In this work, a Microstrip Patch Antenna is designed and
studied for wireless communication in this study. All the
parameters are designed efficiently to decrease the power
Fig. 5. 3D Radiation Pattern loss of the antenna. From the study, the Return Loss, VSWR
and the Directivity Gain are found to be -13.89 dB, 1.50 and
6.66 respectively. Higher Gain with lower VSWR and
Return loss is achieved for the Microstrip Patch Antenna
studied in this work. For the future research, different
methods and materials can be used in order to get effective
results. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna
could be a good candidate for wireless communication
systems and can be fabricate in future to measure results for
comparison with the simulated result.
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Fig. 6. 2D Radiation Pattern

3
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