SANTA MARIA CATHOLIC COLLEGE OF
NURSING SCIENCE UZAIRE
DEPARTMENT OF NURSING
YEAR ONE NURSING
PICK A CASE DURING YOUR HOSPITAL
POSTING AND WRITE ON IT
PHARMACOLOGY ASSIGNMENT BY MRS
MOMOH
PRESENTED BY APALEOKHA ESTHER
OSALIKE
INTRODUCTION
Patient name: OKWEGWA TRAUPHANT
Age: 1year and 7 month
Address: Auchi
Gender: Female
CASE: Came in as an emergency, she was unconscious, low respiratory rate,
generalized body weakness.
She was put to admission bed directly and vital signs were checked
Temperature: 36.5°C
SPO2: 45
Pulse Rate: 50
She was cannulated immediately and blood sample was obtain for test, she was
placed on Oxygen, the doctor was resuscitating the baby, ambu bag was used to
enhance breathing, suctioning machine was used to Clare the airway, and treatment
were administer as directed by the doctor.
Test results: PCV 11%
IV fluid: Normal saline was rushed and was replaced with 5% dextrose water.
IV injection Adrenaline, Diazepam, Rocephin.
Sadly bady Trauphant died when they were about to transfuse her
at about 12:22pm.
Meningitis is a serious infection that inflames the protective membrane (meninges)
surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Meningitis remains a significant global
health threat. It can be caused by several species of bacteria, viruses, fungi and
parasites. Injuries, cancers and drugs cause a small number of cases. Bacterial
meningitis is the most serious type of meningitis.
CAUSE OF MENINGITIS
1. Bacterial: Streptococcus, pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae are
common bacterial causes. Bacterial meningitis can spread through respiratory
droplets (sneezing, coughing, kissing).
2. Viral: Viruses that cause colds and other illnesses can also cause viral
meningitis.
3. Fungal: Fungal meningitis is less common but can be a serious infection.
4. Parasitic: Parasitic infections, like those from worms, can also cause
meningitis.
5. Non-infectious: Injuries, cancers, and certain medications can also lead to
meningitis.
6. Injuries
7. Cancer.
SYMPTOMS OF MENINGITIS
1. Headache
2. Fever
3. Stiff neck
4. Sensitivity to light
5. Confusion or Altered mental state
6. Nausea and Vomiting
7. Extreme sleepiness or difficulty waking up
8. Skin Rash
SYMPTOMS IN BABIES AND YOUNG CHILDREN
1. Fever
2. Irritability
3. Lethargy (extremely sleepiness)
4. Poor feeding
5. Stiff body
6. High- pitched cry
COMPLICATIONS OF MENINGITIS
1 Hearing loss
2 Vision loss
3 Brain damage
4 Seizures (epilepsy)
5 Cerebral palsy ( affect movement)
6 Balance and coordination problem
7 Memory and concentration problem
8 Kidney failure
9 Reduce quality of life.
PREVENTION OF MENINGITIS
1. Vaccination against the cause
2. Take care to avoid infections
3. Hand hygiene ( wash hands with soap and water).
DIAGNOSIS OF MENINGITIS
Diagnosis often involves a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal
fluid
TREATMENT OF MENINGITIS
Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring immediate hospitalization
and intravenous antibiotics. Such as ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, vancomycin,
benzypenicillin
Viral meningitis may resolve on its own, but some cases may require antiviral
medication. Such as over-the-counter, (pain relieve) acyclovir and oseltamivir.
Fungal and parasitic meningitis require specific antifungal or antiparasitic
medications, respectively. Such as fluconazole, amphotericin.
Corticosteroids like dexamethasone may be used to reduce inflammation in some
cases.
Antiparasitic medication like Albendazole, pyrimethamine May be use to treat.
Bacterial Meningitis:
Immediate treatment is crucial:
Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection that can lead to severe complications or
death if not treated promptly.
Intravenous antibiotics.
SUPPORTIVE CARE
1. Managing fever, seizures, and ensuring adequate hydration.
2. Monitoring: Patients with bacterial meningitis require close monitoring in the
hospital for potential complications.
3. Adequate resting.
Other treatment include:
1. Antibiotics given directly into a vein.
2. Fluids given directly into a vein to prevent dehydration.
3. Oxygen through a face mask if there are any breathing difficulties.
4. Steroid medication to help reduce any swelling around the brain, in some cases.
NURSING CARE PLAN
SN DIAGNOSIS OBJECTIVE INTERVENTION RATIONALE EVALUTION
1 Hyperthermia Patient [Link] signs 1. For baseline After 30
related to infection temperature 2. Remove data [Link] minute of
process evidenced will reduce by excessive clothing dissipate body nursing
based on within 30min of or blanket as heat through intervention
thermometric nursing appropriate. convention and the patient
reading of 38.9c intervention. [Link] sponging radiation temperature
[Link] adequate aiding in reduced to
fluid intake through reducing fever. 36.7c.
IV as prescribed 3. To reduce
[Link] antipyretic body
as prescribed by the temperature by
doctor e.g. conduction
paracetamol 4. To prevent
[Link] dehydration
5. To activate
hypothalamus
and regulate
body
temperature
6. To save as
evidence.
2 Poor feeding related Patient will to [Link] feeding 1 for baseline The patient
to lost of appetite at least 50% of pattern data demonstrate
evidence based on nutritional need 2. Provide small improved
reduce oral intake within 4 hours frequent food and 2 to promote feeding
of nursing allow rest period better intake behavior after
intervention between feed. 3 encouraging 4 hour of
3. Encourage and frequent nursing
support feeding nutritional intervention
supports
immune
function and
healing
3 Risk of infection The patient will 1. In. bed [Link] enhance The patience
related to meningitis exhibit neck interventi9on mobility, improved
evidence based on and body 2. Helping in performance, performance
neck and body stiffness within exercising the stiff movement and after 5 hours of
stiffness 5 hours of neck and body activity nursing
nursing 3. Off bed 2. To improve intervention.
intervention. intervention and
4. Give anti performance
analgesic as 3. To enhance
prescribed by the mobility
doctor eg including
Diclofenac transferring the
5. Documentation patient from
bed to chair
4. To reduce
body pain
especially to
relieve the stiff
neck and body
[Link] save as
evidence
