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Data Types and Data Structures 1

The document provides an overview of basic operations and functionalities in R, including arithmetic calculations, vector manipulations, and matrix creation. It covers topics such as combining data vectors, calculating statistics, and generating random numbers. Additionally, it demonstrates how to slice elements from vectors and create matrices with specified dimensions and names.

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Vishal
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24 views7 pages

Data Types and Data Structures 1

The document provides an overview of basic operations and functionalities in R, including arithmetic calculations, vector manipulations, and matrix creation. It covers topics such as combining data vectors, calculating statistics, and generating random numbers. Additionally, it demonstrates how to slice elements from vectors and create matrices with specified dimensions and names.

Uploaded by

Vishal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

# R as Calculator

5+4

log(10)

log(10,10)

5*4

#Using c() to combine data vectors

x = c(74, 122, 235, 111, 292)

y = c(111, 211, 133, 156, 79)

c(x,y)

[Link]()

?[Link]

apropos("dataframe")

help("vector")

#[Link]("tidyverse")

#library(tidyverse)

?vector

age <- c(1,3,5,2,11,9,3,9,12,3)

weight <- c(4.4,5.3,7.2,5.2,8.5,7.3,6.0,10.4,10.2,6.1)

mean(weight)

sd(weight)

cor(age,weight)

plot(age,weight)

q()

a <-c("k", "j", "h", "a", "c", "m")

a[3]

a[c(1,3,5)]
a[2:6]

# Define a Numeric Vector

x <- c(10, 11, 50, 80, 10.5, 29, 23, 8)

# Define a String Vector

y <- c("a", "and", "b", "are", "Strings")

# Count the number of elements (length) of the vector

length(x)

# Sum of the elements of the vector

sum(x)

# Summary of the Distribution of Variable x

summary(x)

# Sort the variables

sort(x)

sort(x, decreasing = TRUE)

#Vectorised Operations

a <- c(10, 9, 11, 90, 78, 89, 34)

b <- c(11, 92, 34, 67, 6, 99, 1)

# Sum of two vectors is also a vector

a+b

# Product of two vectors


a*b

# Square of a vector

a^2

# Division of the vectors

a/b

# Length of the larger vector is a multiple of the smaller

vec1 <- c(1,2,3,4)

vec2 <- c(1,2)

vec1+vec2

vec1/vec2

# Length of the larger vector is not a multiple of the smaller

x <- c(1,2,3)

y <- c(1,2)

x+y

x/y

# Naming Elements of a Vector

x <- c(10, 9, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20)

a <- c("A", "B", "C", "D", "E", "F", "G", "H")

names(x) <- a

names(x)

#Slicing Elements from a Vector


# Extract the fourth element in x

x[4]

# Extract the elements from 4th to 6th position

x[4:6]

# Remove the third element from the vector

x[-3]

#Matrices

mymatrix <- matrix(vector, nrow = number_of_rows, ncol = number_of_columns,

byrow = logical_value, dimnames = list(

char_vector_rownames, char_vector_colnames))

#Creates a 5x4 matrix

y <- matrix(1:20, nrow = 5, ncol = 4)

cells <- c(1,26,24,68)

rnames <-c("R1", "R2" )

cnames <-c("C1","C2")

#Creating 2x2matrix filled by rows

mymatrix <-matrix(cells, nrow = 2, ncol = 2, byrow = TRUE,dimnames = list(rnames,cnames))

mymatrix

#Creating 2x2matrix filled by columns

mymatrix <-matrix(cells, nrow = 2, byrow = FALSE, dimnames = list(rnames, cnames))

mymatrix

x <- matrix(1:10, nrow = 2)

x[2,]

x[,2]

x[1,4]
x[1, c(4,5)]

# Construct Matrix by giving number of rows and columns

## Note: If not specified explicitly, R fills the matrix column-wise

m1 <- matrix(c(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18), nrow = 3, ncol = 3)

m1

# Construct a Matrix filling it row-wise

m2 <- matrix(c(10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18), nrow = 3, ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)

m2

# Creating a String Matrix

[Link] <- rep(c("a", "b","ZZ"),each=3)

[Link]

k <- matrix([Link], nrow = 3, ncol = 3)

# Basketball Data

Seasons <- c("2012", "2013", "2014")

Players <- c("KobeBryant","JoeJohnson","LeBronJames")

#Games

KobeBryant_G <- c(78,6,35)

JoeJohnson_G <- c(72,79,80)

LeBronJames_G <- c(76,77,69)

# Minutes Played
KobeBryant_MP <- c(3013,177,1207)

JoeJohnson_MP <- c(2642,2575,2791)

LeBronJames_MP <- c(2877,2902,2493)

# Create Matrix for Games and Minutes Played

Games <- rbind(KobeBryant_G, JoeJohnson_G, LeBronJames_G)

Games

Minutes_Played <- rbind(KobeBryant_MP, JoeJohnson_MP, LeBronJames_MP)

Minutes_Played

# Name the Rows and Columns of the Matrices

colnames(Games) <- Seasons

rownames(Games) <- Players

Games

colnames(Minutes_Played) <- Seasons

rownames(Minutes_Played) <- Players

Minutes_Played

# Calculate Number of minutes played in Each Game

round(Minutes_Played/Games)

# Extract the values of Games played only for the year 2014

Games[,3]

# How many games did Kobe Bryant play in the year 2013?

Games["KobeBryant", "2013"]

# The Other Method

Games[1,2]

# Generate sequence of numbers with the : operator

c(1:10, 20:30)

-5:5

5:-5
# Generate sequence of numbers with the seq() function

seq(10, 100, 10)

seq(10, 100, 3)

# Random Numbers

## Five Random numbers between 0 and 1

runif(5)

## A specified number of random numbers between two specified intervals

runif(5, 10, 20)

## Draw random numbers from a normal distribution

rnorm(10)

# Generate a Sequence of numbers

x <- 1:100

## Draw a particular number of samples

sample(x, 10)

## Draw samples with replacement

sample(x, 20, replace = TRUE)

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