Aayojan School of Architecture and Design, Pune ACADEMIC YEAR
E x p e ri m e n t N o - 0 1 2022 - 2023
Subject- Site Survey & Analysis Year- Second Year
Div- A Prepared by- Nathu Thombare
Chain Survey
TITLE: - Study of Chain Survey
AIM: - To study different parts and working of Chain Survey.
APPARATUS: Metric chain (20m or 30m), Arrows, Metallic tape (15m), Ranging rods, Cross staff or optical square.
Principle of Chain Surveying
The principle of chain surveying is Triangulation. This means that the area to be surveyed is divided into a
number of small triangles which should be well conditioned. In chain surveying, the sides of the triangles are
measured directly on the field by chain or tape and no angular measurements are taken.
THEORY-
Accessories for Linear Measurement
1. Ranging Rods-
- Rods which are used for ranging (i.e. the process of making a line straight) a line are known as ranging
rods.
- Such rods are made of seasoned timber or GI pipes of 25mm diameter and 2m length.
- The rod is divided into equal parts of 20cm each and the divisions are painted black and white or red
and white alternatively so that the rod is visible from a long distance.
- The lower end of the rod is painted or provided with an iron shoe.
2. Arrows
- Arrows are made of tempered steel wire of 4mm
diameter.
- One end of the arrow is bent into a ring of 50mm
diameter and the other end is painted.
- Its overall length is 400mm.
- Arrows are used for counting the number of chains
while measuring a chain line.
3. Tapes
The following are the different types of Tapes
1. Cloth or linen tape
2. Metallic tape
1
3. Steel tape
1. Cloth or Linen tape-
- It is made of closely woven linen and is varnished to resist moisture
- It is 15mm wide and available in length of 10m and 15m
- It is used for measuring offsets and for ordinary work
2. Metallic tape
- When linen tape is reinforced with brass or copper wires to make it durable it is called metallic tape.
- This tape is available in length 15, 20 and 30m.
- It is mostly used for all survey works
3. Steel tape-
- It is made of steel ribbon of width varying from 6 to 16mm.
- This tape is available in length are 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50m.
- It is graduated in meters, decimetres and centimetres.
- It is not used in the field but used for measurements in construction works
4. Chains
A chain is prepared with 100 or 150 pieces of galvanised mild steel wire of 4mm diameter. The ends
of the pieces are bent to form loops and then the pieces are connected together with the help of 3 oval rings,
which make the chain flexible. Two brass handle are provided at the two ends of the chain. Tallies are
provided at every 10 to 25 links.
The following are the different types of chains:
1. Metric chain
2. Steel chain
3. Engineer’s chain
4. Gunter’s chain
1. Metric chain-
Metric chains are available in lengths of 20m and 30m. The 20m chain is divided into 100 links, each of
0.2m. Tallies are provided at every 10 links (2m). This chain is suitable for measuring distances along fairly level
ground. The arrangement of tallies is shown in fig.
2
You may see from the arrangement of tallies that the central tally is round and that the other tallies have one, two,
three or four teeth. So, each tooth may correspond to two different readings when considered from opposite ends.
Therefore, during the measurement, the surveyor should bear in mind the position of the central tally.
As per IS recommendations, tallies should be provided after every 5m and brass rings are provided after every 1m.
The central tally has two teeth and the tallies on opposite sides of it one tooth each.
The 30m chain is divided into 150 links. So, each link is of 0.2m. The tallies are provided after every 25 links (5m). A
round brass is fixed after meter. This chain is heavy and is also suitable for measuring distances along fairly level
ground. Here the central tally has three teeth.
3
Readings-
Sr. Chainage Offsets (m)
No. (m) Left Right
1 9.6 12
2 20 14.8
3 26.4 31.6
4 40 36.4
5 54 24.9
6 60 18.7
7 82.8 14.2
8 91 12.5
9 100 0 0
Find out total plot Area =……m2
4
(All dimensions are in ‘M’)
Sr. Name of Chainage Base Offsets Mean Area
No. Figure (m) (m) (m) (m) (m2)
1 CaC’ 9.6 & 14.25 4.65 12 & 0 6 - 27.9
2 CabE 9.6 & 26.4 16.8 12 & 31.6 21.8 366.24
3 EbcG 26.4 & 54 27.6 31.6 & 24.9 28.25 779.7
4 GcdI 54 & 82.8 28.8 24.9 & 14.2 19.55 563.04
5 IdI’ 82.8 & 87.16 4.36 14.2 & 0 7.1 30.95
6 JeI’ 87.16 & 91 3.84 0 & 12.5 6.25 - 24
7 JefH 60 & 91 31 12.5 & 18.7 15.6 483.6
8 HfgF 40 & 60 20 18.7 & 36.4 27.55 551
9 FghD 20 & 40 20 36.4 & 14.8 25.6 512
10 C’Dh 14.25 & 20 5.75 0 & 14.8 7.4 42.55
Total Area 3277.18 m2
