1.

Active and Passive Voice

🔹 What is "Voice" in Grammar?
"Voice" in grammar refers to the relationship between the subject, verb, and object in a
sentence.
There are two types:
 Active Voice
 Passive Voice

🔸 Active Voice
In active voice, the subject does the action.
Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Examples:
 The chef cooks the meal.
→ "The chef" is the subject doing the action (cooks).
 She reads a book every night.
→ "She" is the subject doing the action (reads).
Why Use Active Voice?
 It is direct and clear.
 It focuses on the person or thing doing the action.

🔸 Passive Voice
In passive voice, the object of the action becomes the subject of the sentence.
Structure:
Object + form of “to be” + Past Participle + (by + Agent)
Examples:
 The meal is cooked by the chef.
→ The meal (object) becomes the focus.
 A book is read by her every night.
Why Use Passive Voice?
  When the doer is unknown:
The window was broken.
 When the doer is unimportant or obvious:
The homework was submitted on time.
 To be more formal or to focus on the result or receiver of the action.

✅ Active → Passive Transformation Example

Active: The police arrested the thief.
Passive: The thief was arrested by the police.

2. Relative Clause
🔹 What is a Relative Clause?
A relative clause is a part of a sentence that gives more information about a noun. It starts with
a relative pronoun like:
 who
 whom
 whose
 which
 that

🔸 Types of Relative Clauses

1. Defining Relative Clause
 Gives essential information.
 No commas.
 If you remove it, the meaning of the sentence changes.
Example:
The student who studies hard will pass the exam.
✅ The clause "who studies hard" tells us which student we mean.

2. Non-defining Relative Clause

 Gives extra information.
  Uses commas before and after the clause.
 You can remove it without changing the core meaning.
Example:
My father, who is a doctor, works at the hospital.
✅ The clause "who is a doctor" is additional information.

🔸 Relative Pronouns and Their Use

Pronoun Use Example
who Subject (for people) The boy who is singing is my friend.
whom Object (for people) The teacher whom you met is kind.
whose Possession The girl whose phone is lost is crying.
which For things/animals The car which I bought is red.
that For people/things (defining only) The book that you gave me is good.

3. Paragraph
🔹 What is a Paragraph?
A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. It helps to organize writing so it’s
clear and easy to understand.

🔸 Parts of a Paragraph
1. Topic Sentence
o The first sentence.
o Tells the reader what the paragraph is about.
o Example: Reading books improves your vocabulary.
2. Supporting Sentences
o Explain or give examples related to the topic sentence.
o Example: Books introduce new words and show how they are used in context.
3. Concluding Sentence
o Summarizes the main idea or gives a final thought.
 o Example: Therefore, reading regularly helps you become a better speaker and
writer.

🔸 Qualities of a Good Paragraph

Feature Description
Unity All sentences relate to the main idea.
Coherence Sentences flow logically; use transition words like first, then,
however, finally.
Adequate Enough explanation, details, or examples to support the idea.
Development

✅ Example Paragraph
Topic Sentence: Exercise is important for good health.
Supporting Sentences: It strengthens the heart and muscles. It also reduces stress and helps
maintain a healthy weight. People who exercise regularly feel more energetic and sleep better.
Concluding Sentence: In short, daily physical activity can lead to a longer, healthier life.

Section 1: Active and Passive Voice (20 Questions)

1. Which sentence is in the active voice?
A. The cake was eaten by Tom.
B. The letter was written.
C. Tom ate the cake.
D. The window was broken.
→C
2. Choose the passive form of: “She writes a letter.”
A. A letter wrote by her.
B. A letter was written by her.
C. A letter is written by her.
D. A letter is writing by her.
→C
3. The passive form of “They are watching a movie” is:
A. A movie watched by them.
B. A movie was watched by them.
C. A movie is watched by them.
D. A movie is being watched by them.
→D
4. Which sentence is in passive voice?
A. They played football.
B. She sings a song.
C. The letter was mailed by John.
D. We made a cake.
→C
5. Change to passive: “The mechanic repaired the car.”
A. The car repairs by the mechanic.
B. The car was repaired by the mechanic.
C. The car is repaired by the mechanic.
D. The car was repairing by the mechanic.
→B
6. Passive voice of “He will deliver the speech” is:
A. The speech is delivered by him.
B. The speech will be delivered by him.
C. The speech was delivered by him.
D. The speech delivers by him.
→B
7. Choose the correct passive form:
A. The thief caught by the police.
B. The thief is catch by the police.
C. The thief was caught by the police.
D. The thief is catching by the police.
→C
8. In passive voice, the tense of the verb “was eaten” is:
A. Present Simple
B. Past Simple
C. Past Continuous
D. Present Perfect
→B
9. What is the agent in the passive sentence: “The song was sung by the choir”?
A. The song
B. Sung
C. The choir
D. Was
→C
10. Passive of “Someone is following me.”
A. I am followed.
B. I was followed.
C. I am being followed.
D. I being followed.
→C
11. Active: “The book was read by Sara.” What is the subject in passive?
A. Sara
B. Was
C. The book
D. Read
→C
12. Which sentence is NOT in passive voice?
A. The homework was done.
B. The baby is sleeping.
C. The project was completed.
D. The car was cleaned.
→B
13. Passive of “They will build a bridge.”
A. A bridge will be built.
B. A bridge is built.
C. A bridge has been built.
D. A bridge was being built.
→A
14. The word “by” in a passive sentence introduces:
A. The verb
B. The subject
C. The object
D. The agent
→D
15. Passive form of “He is painting the house.”
A. The house painted by him.
B. The house is painted by him.
C. The house is being painted by him.
D. The house was painting by him.
→C
16. “The letter has been sent” is in:
A. Simple Past
B. Present Perfect Passive
C. Future Passive
D. Past Continuous
→B
17. Which is the correct passive voice of “Did he complete the work?”
A. Was the work completed by him?
B. Is the work completed by him?
C. Has the work completed by him?
D. Did the work completed by him?
→A
 18. Choose the passive: “They are building a new school.”
A. A new school was built.
B. A new school is being built.
C. A new school is built.
D. A new school will be built.
→B
19. Passive of “She has finished the project.”
A. The project is finished.
B. The project has been finished.
C. The project was finished.
D. The project had been finished.
→B
20. Passive voice is generally used to:
A. Emphasize the doer
B. Shorten the sentence
C. Avoid mentioning the subject
D. Use present tense
→C

✅ Section 2: Relative Clauses (15 Questions)

21. Which relative pronoun is used for people (subject)?
A. That
B. Which
C. Who
D. Whom
→C
22. Choose the sentence with a relative clause:
A. She likes chocolate.
B. The boy who won the race is happy.
C. He is sleeping.
 D. They watched a movie.
→B
23. “The book that I borrowed was interesting.” The relative clause is:
A. The book
B. That I borrowed
C. Was interesting
D. I borrowed
→B
24. Which is a defining relative clause?
A. My brother, who lives in Italy, is an artist.
B. The man who helped me was kind.
C. My car, which is red, is fast.
D. Paris, which is in France, is beautiful.
→B
25. Which relative pronoun shows possession?
A. Which
B. Whom
C. Whose
D. That
→C
26. Non-defining clauses are separated by:
A. Hyphens
B. Parentheses
C. Commas
D. Quotation marks
→C
27. Choose the correct sentence:
A. The girl which won is here.
B. The girl whom won is here.
C. The girl who won is here.
 D. The girl whose won is here.
→C
28. “I saw the man whom you met yesterday.” The word “whom” refers to:
A. The subject
B. The object
C. A place
D. A time
→B
29. Choose the best option: “The laptop ___ I bought is expensive.”
A. who
B. whose
C. which
D. whom
→C
30. Which sentence contains a non-defining relative clause?
A. The cat that lives next door is noisy.
B. My teacher, who is very kind, helped me.
C. The man that you saw is my uncle.
D. The car which broke down is fixed.
→B
31. Choose the correct relative clause:
A. The man whose car was stolen is angry.
B. The man who’s car was stolen is angry.
C. The man whom car was stolen is angry.
D. The man which car was stolen is angry.
→A
32. Relative clause for “The dog / it barked all night”:
A. The dog, which barked all night
B. The dog which it barked all night
C. The dog who barked all night
 D. The dog whom barked all night
→A
33. Which sentence uses “that” correctly?
A. My sister, that lives in Spain, is here.
B. The shoes that I bought are new.
C. The pen, that is on the desk, is mine.
D. My uncle that is a doctor, came.
→B
34. In “The boy who plays guitar is my friend,” the word “who” refers to:
A. Guitar
B. My friend
C. The boy
D. Plays
→C
35. Choose the correct sentence:
A. The man which helped me is kind.
B. The woman who you met is my aunt.
C. The student whom is late should hurry.
D. The book who I read was good.
→B

✅ Section 3: Paragraph Writing (15 Questions)

36. What is the main sentence of a paragraph called?
A. Closing sentence
B. Supporting sentence
C. Topic sentence
D. Minor sentence
→C
37. What do supporting sentences do?
A. Introduce the topic
B. Repeat the topic
 C. Explain and develop the main idea
D. Conclude the essay
→C
38. What comes at the end of a paragraph?
A. Title
B. Concluding sentence
C. First sentence
D. Heading
→B
39. A paragraph should have:
A. Random ideas
B. Multiple topics
C. One main idea
D. No conclusion
→C
40. Which word can be used to start a concluding sentence?
A. Because
B. However
C. Therefore
D. First
→C
41. Which paragraph lacks coherence?
A. One that has a topic sentence
B. One that flows logically
C. One with unrelated sentences
D. One with examples
→C
42. Which is a good topic sentence?
A. My brother has a car.
B. There are many benefits to reading books.
C. I like apples.
 D. She cooked dinner.
→B
43. Unity in a paragraph means:
A. Using big words
B. All sentences support one main idea
C. Having short sentences
D. No punctuation
→B
44. A transition word that shows contrast is:
A. Furthermore
B. However
C. For example
D. First
→B
45. What is the purpose of a paragraph?
A. To confuse the reader
B. To discuss one idea clearly
C. To list many topics
D. To write poems
→B
46. Which sentence is most suitable as a supporting sentence?
A. I love dogs.
B. Dogs are friendly and loyal companions.
C. She walked her dog.
D. My dog is brown.
→B
47. A good concluding sentence should:
A. Start a new topic
B. Add unrelated facts
C. Summarize or reflect the main idea
 D. Be long and detailed
→C
48. Which is a transition word used for addition?
A. But
B. Also
C. Yet
D. Though
→B
49. Which shows paragraph coherence?
A. Random facts
B. Unrelated examples
C. Logical flow and connection
D. Different subjects
→C
50. Choose the correct paragraph structure:
A. Title → Conclusion → Body
B. Body → Title → Support
C. Topic Sentence → Supporting Sentences → Concluding Sentence
D. Concluding Sentence → Introduction → Body
→C