Body Systems in Action:

Digestion and Excretion

Working Together
Introduction to Body Systems
● Your body is made up of many
systems that work together
● Today we'll focus on the
digestive and excretory
systems
● Can you name any other body
systems?
 Body Systems
1. Digestive System

▶ Principal Organ: Stomach

▶ Function: Breaks down food

into nutrients for the body.
 Body Systems
2. Circulatory System
(Cardiovascular System)

▶ Principal Organ: Heart

▶ Function: Pumps blood

throughout the body to
deliver oxygen and nutrients.
 Body Systems
3. Respiratory System

▶ Principal Organ: Lungs

▶ Function: Exchanges oxygen

and carbon dioxide during
breathing.
 Body Systems
4. Nervous System

▶ Principal Organ: Brain

▶ Function: Controls body

activities and processes
information.
 Body Systems
5. Muscular System

▶ Principal Organ: Skeletal

muscles

▶ Function: Produces
movement and maintains
posture.
 Body Systems
6. Skeletal System

▶ Principal Organ: Bones

(especially the skull or femur
as examples)
▶ Function: Supports and
protects the body and allows
movement.
 Body Systems
7. Excretory System (Urinary
System)

▶ Principal Organ: Kidneys

▶ Function: Filters waste from

the blood and removes it
through urine.
 Body Systems
8. Endocrine System

▶ Principal Organ: Pituitary

gland

▶ Function: Produces and

controls hormones for body
regulation.
 Body Systems
9. Reproductive System
Principal Organ (Male): Testes
▶ Principal Organ (Female):
Ovaries
▶ Function: Produces sex cells
and hormones for
reproduction.
 Body Systems
10. Integumentary System

▶ Principal Organ: Skin

▶ Function: Protects the body

and helps regulate body
temperature.
 Body Systems
11. Lymphatic / Immune System

▶ Principal Organ: Spleen

▶ Function: Helps defend the

body against infections.
Digestive system consistsof two linked parts:
Alimentary canal – consistsof linked organs: mouth,
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large
intestine.
Accessory partsand Digestive glands– consistsof:
teeth and tongue in the mouth, salivary glands, liver,
gall bladder and pancreaswhich are linked to the
alimentary canal.
Ingestion – the processof taking food or drink into the body
through the mouth
Digestion – isbreaking down of complex nutrient molecules-
carbohydrates, fats, and proteinsinto simpler ones.
Absorption – isthe movement of the productsof digestion from
the alimentary canal into the bloodstream.
Egestion – isthe elimination of indigestible materials
▶ Mechanical Digestion – includescutting
and grinding action of teeth and
churningaction
▶ Chemical Digestion – involvesthe
action of enzymes.
 The Digestive System: An
Overview
● Breaks down food into nutrients your body
can use
● Starts in your mouth and ends at your anus
● Main organs: mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small intestine, large intestine, rectum and
Anus
● What do you think happens to food as it
travels through these organs?

[Link]
dia-library/18162
How the Digestive System
Works
 Mouth
Chemical and mechanical digestion.
Composed of:
Tongue – movesand mixesfood during
chewing and housestaste budsthat
detect tastes.
Teeth – provide a tool kit
of four typesof teeth for
grasping and breaking up
food.
 Mouth
■ Teeth mechanically break ■ Epiglottis is a flap-like
down food into small pieces. structure at the back of the
Tongue mixes food with saliva throat that closes over the
(contains amylase, which trachea preventing food from
helps break down starch). entering it.
 Mouth
■ Teeth mechanically break ■ Epiglottis is a flap-like
down food into small pieces. structure at the back of the
Tongue mixes food with saliva throat that closes over the
(contains amylase, which trachea preventing food from
helps break down starch). entering it.
Oral stage occurswhen the tongue pushes
the bolustowardsthe throat.
Pharyngeal stage istriggered when the bolus
touchesthe back of the throat. Swallowed food
passesthrough the pharynx.
Esophageal stage pushesthe bolusdown the
esophagusby a wave of muscle contraction
called peristalsis
The Journey of Food: Mouth to Stomach
● Mouth: Chewing and saliva begin breaking down
food
● Esophagus: Moves food to the stomach through
muscular contractions
● Stomach: Mixes food with acids and enzymes
● How do you think this process might affect the
food you eat?
 Esophagus
Approximately 10 inches long
Functions include:
[Link] mucus
[Link] food from the throat to the
stomach using muscle movement
called peristalsis
If acid from the stomach gets in here
that’ s heartburn.
• series of involuntary
wave-like muscle
contractions which
move food along the
digestive tract
 Stomach
Food is temporarily stored
here.
Gastric juices are secreted.
Has layers of muscle that
line the inside.
Mechanically and chemically
breaks down food.
The crushing of food and itsmixing with gastric juice
producesa soup-like liquid called chyme , pushed
against the closed pyloric sphincter which opens
slightly to allow squirtsof chyme into the small
intestine.
 Small Intestine
Most chemical digestion takesplace here.
3 sections
duodenum = most digestion
jejunum = absorption of nutrients&
water
ileum = absorption of nutrients&
water

Lined with villi, which increase surface area

for absorption, one cell thick.
Villi are tiny finger-like
processesof the small
intestine that serve in the
absorption of nutrients.
 Duodenum
1st section of small intestines
acid food from stomach mixes with
digestive juices from:
■ pancreas
■ liver
■ gall
bladder
The Small Intestine: Nutrient Absorption
● Most nutrient absorption
happens here
● Villi increase surface area for
better absorption
● Nutrients enter the bloodstream
● What might happen if the small
intestine didn't work properly?
 The Large Intestine: Water Absorption
● Absorbs water from remaining food
matter
● Forms solid waste (feces)
● Houses helpful bacteria
● Why do you think water absorption is
important?
The Excretory System: An
Overview
● Removes waste products from
your body
● Main organs: kidneys, ureters,
bladder, urethra
● Works closely with the digestive
system
● Can you guess how these two
systems might be connected?
 Kidneys: The Body's Filters
● Filter blood to remove waste and
excess water
● Produce urine
● Maintain fluid balance in the body
● How might your kidneys be affected
by what you eat and drink?
 From Kidneys to Bladder
● Ureters carry urine from kidneys to
bladder
● Bladder stores urine until it's time to
urinate
● Urethra allows urine to exit the body
● Why do you think it's important to drink
water throughout the day?
 Connecting the Systems:
Digestion to Excretion
● Nutrients from digestion enter
the bloodstream
● Blood carries nutrients to cells
and collects waste
● Kidneys filter blood to remove
waste
● How do you think these
processes help keep your body
healthy?
 The Liver: A Vital Connection
● Processes nutrients from the
digestive system
● Produces bile to help break down
fats
● Filters toxins from the blood
● Why do you think the liver is
important for both digestion and
excretion?
 Waste Products: What Gets Removed?
● Undigested food becomes feces (solid
waste)
● Excess water and waste become urine
(liquid waste)
● Carbon dioxide is exhaled through the
lungs
● Can you name the body systems
responsible for each type of waste
removal?
Hydration: Keeping the
Systems Running
● Water is crucial for both digestion and
excretion
● Helps break down food and transport
nutrients
● Allows kidneys to filter waste effectively
● How much water do you think you should
drink each day?
 Balancing Act: Homeostasis
● Digestive and excretory systems help
maintain balance in your body
● Regulate fluid levels, nutrient
concentrations, and waste removal
● Work together to keep you healthy
● What might happen if this balance is
disrupted?
 Diet and Your Body Systems
● What you eat affects both digestion and
excretion
● Balanced diet helps systems work
efficiently
● Some foods can make your systems work
harder
● Can you think of foods that might be
good or bad for these systems?
 Exercise and
Body Systems
● Physical activity can improve
digestion
● Helps maintain healthy kidney
function
● Promotes overall body system
health
● How do you think exercise
might affect your digestive
and excretory systems?
 When Things Go Wrong: Common Issues
● Digestive problems: constipation, diarrhea, acid
reflux
● Excretory problems: kidney stones, urinary tract
infections
● Many issues can be prevented with healthy
habits
● What healthy habits do you think could help
prevent these problems?
 Keeping Your Systems Healthy
● Eat a balanced diet with plenty of fiber
● Stay hydrated by drinking water regularly
● Exercise and maintain a healthy weight
● Get enough sleep and manage stress
● How many of these healthy habits do you
already practice?
Amazing Facts About
Digestion and Excretion
● Your digestive tract is about 9 meters
(30 feet) long
● Your body produces about 1.5 liters of
saliva each day
● Your kidneys filter about 180 liters of
blood daily
● Which of these facts surprises you the
most?
Review: Digestion and Excretion Working
Together
● Digestive system breaks down food and
absorbs nutrients
● Excretory system removes waste
products
● Both systems work together to maintain
body balance
● Can you explain to a classmate how
these systems are connected?
 Conclusion: Your Amazing Body
● Your body systems work together in
complex ways
● Understanding these connections helps
you stay healthy
● What's the most interesting thing you
learned about your body today?
 Quiz: Body Systems and
Digestion

● Welcome to the Digestion and Excretion

Quiz!
● Test your knowledge about how your body
processes food and removes waste
● Read each question carefully
● Select the BEST answer for each question
● Are you ready to become a body systems
expert?
 Question 1: Digestive
System Start
● Where does the digestive process
begin?
● A) Stomach
● B) Esophagus
● C) Mouth
● D) Small Intestine
● Hint: Think about what happens when
you first start eating!
 Question 2: Nutrient Absorption
● Where do most nutrients get absorbed
into the bloodstream?
● A) Stomach
● B) Large Intestine
● C) Small Intestine
● D) Esophagus
● Hint: This organ has special finger-like
projections called villi!
 Question 3: Kidney
Function

● What is the primary job of the kidneys?

● A) Produce blood
● B) Filter blood and remove waste
● C) Digest food
● D) Store urine
● Hint: Think about how your body cleans
itself!
Question 4:
Liver's Role
● What important function does
the liver perform?
● A) Pumps blood
● B) Stores urine
● C) Filters toxins from blood
● D) Breaks down oxygen
● Hint: This organ helps clean
your blood and process
nutrients!
 Question 5: Water's Importance
● Why is water crucial for digestion and
excretion?
● A) It makes you taller
● B) It helps break down food and transport
nutrients
● C) It changes blood color
● D) It stops hunger
● Hint: Water helps your body's systems work
smoothly!
 Question 6:
Excretory System
Organs
● Which of these is NOT part of the excretory
system?
● A) Kidneys
● B) Bladder
● C) Stomach
● D) Urethra
● Hint: One of these organs is part of the
digestive system!
Question 7:
Waste Removal
● What happens in the large
intestine?
● A) Nutrient absorption
● B) Water absorption
● C) Blood filtering
● D) Saliva production
● Hint: This organ helps prepare
waste for removal!
 Question 8: Bile Production
● What does bile help do in the digestive
system?
● A) Produce blood
● B) Filter water
● C) Break down fats
● D) Create proteins
● Hint: This substance helps digest certain
types of food!
 Question 9:
Homeostasis
● What does homeostasis mean
for body systems?
● A) Stopping all body functions
● B) Maintaining internal
balance
● C) Increasing body
temperature
● D) Reducing muscle
movement
● Hint: Think about how your
body tries to keep things
stable!
 Answer Key
● Question 1: C) Mouth
● Question 2: C) Small Intestine
● Question 3: B) Filter blood and remove waste
● Question 4: C) Filters toxins from blood
● Question 5: B) It helps break down food and transport
nutrients
● Question 6: C) Stomach
● Question 7: B) Water absorption
● Question 8: C) Break down fats
● Question 9: B) Maintaining internal balance
● How many did you get right? Great job exploring your body's
amazing systems!