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Lesson 2 Motor Control

The document outlines the structure and function of the nervous system, focusing on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in relation to motor control and sensory systems. Key brain areas such as the Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum are highlighted for their roles in movement initiation, coordination, and balance. It also discusses sensory systems that aid movement and the impacts of motor disorders like Parkinson's Disease.

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QUENNIE LUZ HAMTO
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24 views2 pages

Lesson 2 Motor Control

The document outlines the structure and function of the nervous system, focusing on the Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) in relation to motor control and sensory systems. Key brain areas such as the Motor Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Cerebellum are highlighted for their roles in movement initiation, coordination, and balance. It also discusses sensory systems that aid movement and the impacts of motor disorders like Parkinson's Disease.

Uploaded by

QUENNIE LUZ HAMTO
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

○​ Supplementary Motor

Lesson 2: Motor Control and Sensory Area (SMA) – Coordinates


Systems complex movements.

Overview of the Nervous


System Basal Ganglia &
Main Divisions: Cerebellum
●​ Central Nervous System (CNS) – Basal Ganglia:
Includes the brain and spinal cord.
●​ Peripheral Nervous System ●​ Helps start and control
(PNS) – Nerves outside the CNS. movements.
○​ Somatic Nervous System ●​ Plays a role in habit formation.
– Controls voluntary ●​ Includes: Caudate nucleus,
movements. Putamen, Globus pallidus,
○​ Autonomic Nervous Subthalamic nucleus, and
System – Regulates Substantia nigra.
involuntary functions.
Cerebellum:
Key Brain Areas for Movement:
●​ Ensures smooth, coordinated
●​ Motor Cortex – Controls voluntary movement.
movements. ●​ Helps maintain balance and adjust
●​ Basal Ganglia – Helps start motor activity based on sensory
movements and form habits. feedback.
●​ Cerebellum – Coordinates
movement and balance.
●​ Spinal Cord – Sends movement
signals from the brain to the body.
Spinal Cord and Motor
Pathways
●​ Function: Transmits motor signals
Motor Cortex from the brain to the body and
sends sensory feedback to the
●​ Location: Frontal lobe of the brain.
brain.
●​ Functions:
●​ Motor Pathways:
○​ Plans and executes
○​ Corticospinal Tract –
voluntary movements.
Controls fine movements.
○​ Controls muscles on the
○​ Extrapyramidal Tracts –
opposite side of the body.
Controls posture and large
●​ Key Areas:
movements.
○​ Primary Motor Cortex
(M1) – Directs movement.
○​ Premotor Cortex – Helps
plan movements.
●​ Cerebellar Ataxia – Poor
Sensory Systems in
coordination and balance.
Movement ●​ Spinal Cord Injury – Loss of
movement and sensation.
●​ Proprioception: Senses body
position and movement. Impacts of Motor Disorders:
○​ Muscle Spindles – Detects
muscle stretch. ●​ Difficulty starting or controlling
○​ Golgi Tendon Organs – movement.
Sense tension in tendons. ●​ Poor coordination and balance.
●​ Vision: Guides movement and
helps with coordination.
●​ Vestibular System: Maintains
balance and spatial orientation.
●​ Tactile System: Detects pressure,
texture, and vibration.

Integration of Sensory
and Motor Systems
How it Works:

1.​ Sensory input is sent to the CNS.


2.​ The CNS processes the
information.
3.​ Motor output is generated for
movement.

Example: Catching a Ball

●​ Visual System – Tracks the ball.


●​ Proprioception – Adjusts arm
position.
●​ Motor System – Moves the arm to
catch the ball.

Disorders of Motor
Control
●​ Parkinson’s Disease – Problems
with the basal ganglia cause slow
movements and tremors.

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