LESSON PLAN

SUBJECT‐ APPLIED MATHMATICES

CHAPTER‐3 CALCULUS

Learning Objectives
• Recall the concept of limits and their significance in calculus.
• Analyze the behavior of functions as their input approaches specific values.
• Understand the definition of a derivative as the instantaneous rate of change.
• Apply the limit definition to find derivatives of basic functions.
• Create graphical representations of functions and their derivatives to visualize the
relationship.
Materials Needed
• Whiteboard or projector
• Markers or pens
• Calculus textbook
• Handouts with practice problems
• Graph paper

Lesson Outline
Review of Limits (10 minutes)
• Begin by revisiting the concept of limits learned in previous classes.
• Discuss the intuitive idea of a limit as the value a function approaches as the input
gets arbitrarily close to a particular point.
• Illustrate with simple examples like lim(x->2) (x+3) = 5.
• Emphasize the importance of understanding limits as the foundation of calculus.
Formal Definition of a Limit (10 minutes)
• Introduce the formal definition of a limit using epsilon-delta notation.
• Explain the concept of approaching a limit from both sides (left-hand and right-hand
limits).
• Work through an example to demonstrate how to verify the limit of a function using
the formal definition.
Introduction to Derivatives (10 minutes)
• Introduce the concept of a derivative as the instantaneous rate of change of a
function.
• Connect the derivative to the slope of the tangent line at a point on the function's
graph.
 • Provide examples of real-world applications of derivatives, such as finding velocity
from displacement.
Limit Definition of a Derivative (10 minutes)
• Present the limit definition of a derivative: f'(x) = lim(h->0) [f(x+h)-f(x)]/h.
• Explain the meaning of each term in the formula and how it relates to finding the
slope of a secant line.
• Work through a simple example, like finding the derivative of f(x) = x^2, using the
limit definition.
Graphical Interpretation and Application (5 minutes)
• Sketch the graph of a simple function and its derivative on the board.
• Discuss the relationship between the two graphs, highlighting how the derivative
represents the slope of the tangent line at each point.
• Engage students in a brief discussion about how they can apply their understanding
of limits and derivatives to solve real-world problems.

Assessment
• Observe student engagement and participation during class discussions.
• Assess their understanding through targeted questions about limits and derivatives.
• Assign homework problems that require students to apply the limit definition to find
derivatives.
• Encourage students to create their own examples of functions and their derivatives,
along with graphical representations.

Applications
Physics
• Calculating instantaneous velocity and acceleration of moving objects.
• Example: 'Determining the velocity of a rocket at a specific time during its launch.'
Economics
• Analyzing marginal cost and marginal revenue to optimize production and pricing.
• Example: 'Finding the optimal production level that maximizes profit by analyzing
marginal cost and marginal revenue functions.'

Teaching Strategies
Visual Aids
Use graphs and diagrams to illustrate the concepts of limits, derivatives, and their
relationship.
Real-world Examples
Connect abstract mathematical concepts to practical applications in various fields to
enhance student interest and understanding.
Collaborative Learning
Encourage peer teaching and group work to foster a deeper understanding of the material.
Success Metrics
• Can the student define a limit and explain its significance in calculus?
• Is the student able to apply the limit definition to find the derivative of a basic
function?
• Can the student interpret the graphical relationship between a function and its
derivative?
• Does the student demonstrate an understanding of how derivatives represent
instantaneous rates of change?

Follow Up
In the next lesson, we will explore differentiation rules that provide shortcuts for finding
derivatives of more complex functions. We will also delve deeper into applications of
derivatives in various fields, such as physics, engineering, and economics. Encourage
students to practice applying the concepts learned today to solidify their understanding and
prepare for more advanced topics in calculus.
 Handout 1: Introduction to calculus: limits and derivatives
Definitions/Theory Explanations
Limits
A limit is the value that a function approaches as the input approaches a certain value. It is
foundational in calculus and helps in understanding the behavior of functions. For example,
lim(x->2) (x+3) = 5 means as x gets closer to 2, the value of (x+3) gets closer to 5.
Formal Definition of a Limit
The formal definition of a limit uses epsilon-delta notation. It involves proving that for every
small positive number ε, there exists a small positive number δ such that if the distance
between x and a is less than δ, then the distance between f(x) and L is less than ε.
Derivatives
A derivative represents the instantaneous rate of change of a function. It is the slope of the
tangent line at a point on the function's graph. Derivatives have real-world applications such
as finding velocity from displacement.
Limit Definition of a Derivative
The limit definition of a derivative is given by f'(x) = lim(h->0) [f(x+h)-f(x)]/h. This formula
calculates the slope of the secant line as h approaches 0, giving the slope of the tangent line
at a point.

Key Concepts and Their Explanation

Understanding Limits
Limits help in analyzing the behavior of functions as their input approaches specific values.
They are crucial for defining derivatives and integrals.
Instantaneous Rate of Change
The derivative of a function at a point gives the instantaneous rate of change at that point. It
is useful in various fields such as physics for calculating velocity and acceleration.
Graphical Representation
Graphing functions and their derivatives helps in visualizing the relationship between them.
The derivative graph shows the slope of the tangent line at each point of the original
function.

Practice Problems
Problem 1
Find the limit: lim(x->3) (2x^2 - 5x + 1).
Problem 2
Using the epsilon-delta definition, prove that lim(x->1) (3x + 2) = 5.
Problem 3
Find the derivative of f(x) = x^3 using the limit definition.
Problem 4
Sketch the graph of f(x) = x^2 and its derivative. Discuss the relationship between the two
graphs.
Problem 5
A car's position is given by s(t) = 4t^2. Find the velocity of the car at t = 3 seconds.

Additional Notes
• Make sure to bring your calculus textbook, graph paper, and pens to the next class.
• Practice the problems given in the handout to solidify your understanding of limits
and derivatives.
• In the next lesson, we will explore differentiation rules and their applications in
various fields.
Narration 1: Introduction to calculus: limits and derivatives
Review of Limits ([Link])
• Good morning, everyone! Today, we are going to dive into the fascinating world of
calculus, starting with a review of limits. Can anyone recall what a limit is?
• Great! A limit is essentially the value that a function approaches as the input gets
closer to a particular point. For example, if we take the function f(x) = x + 3 and look
at the limit as x approaches 2, we get lim(x->2) (x+3) = 5.
• Why do you think understanding limits is important in calculus? Yes, exactly! Limits
form the foundation of calculus, helping us understand how functions behave as
their inputs approach specific values.
• Let's look at another example. Consider the function f(x) = 1/x. What happens as x
approaches 0? Yes, the function approaches infinity. This intuitive understanding of
limits will be crucial as we move forward.

Formal Definition of a Limit ([Link])

• Now that we've reviewed the basic idea of limits, let's dive into the formal definition
using epsilon-delta notation. This might sound complicated, but we'll break it down
step by step.
• The formal definition states that the limit of f(x) as x approaches a value c is L if, for
every epsilon > 0, there exists a delta > 0 such that 0 < |x - c| < delta implies |f(x) - L|
< epsilon.
• In simpler terms, this means that we can make f(x) as close to L as we want by
choosing x values sufficiently close to c.
• Let's work through an example. Consider the function f(x) = 2x + 1. We want to find
the limit as x approaches 3. According to the definition, we need to show that for
any epsilon > 0, there exists a delta > 0 such that |2x + 1 - 7| < epsilon whenever 0 <
|x - 3| < delta.
• By solving this, we can verify that the limit is indeed 7. This formal approach helps us
rigorously prove the behavior of functions near specific points.

Introduction to Derivatives ([Link])

• Next, let's introduce the concept of a derivative. A derivative represents the
instantaneous rate of change of a function. Think of it as the slope of the tangent
line at a particular point on the function's graph.
• For example, if we have a function that describes the position of a car over time, the
derivative of that function would give us the car's velocity at any given moment.
• Derivatives have numerous real-world applications. In physics, they help us find
velocity and acceleration. In economics, they are used to analyze marginal cost and
revenue.
• Understanding derivatives will allow us to analyze how functions change and make
predictions about their behavior.

Limit Definition of a Derivative ([Link])

• Now, let's explore the limit definition of a derivative. The derivative of a function f at
a point x is defined as f'(x) = lim(h->0) [f(x+h) - f(x)] / h.
 • This formula might look intimidating, but let's break it down. The numerator, f(x+h) -
f(x), represents the change in the function's value as we move from x to x+h. The
denominator, h, represents the change in the input.
• By taking the limit as h approaches 0, we find the instantaneous rate of change, or
the slope of the tangent line at x.
• Let's work through an example. Consider the function f(x) = x^2. Using the limit
definition, we find that f'(x) = lim(h->0) [(x+h)^2 - x^2] / h. Simplifying this, we get
f'(x) = 2x.
• This means that the derivative of x^2 is 2x, which tells us how the function changes
at any point.

Graphical Interpretation and Application ([Link])

• To wrap up, let's visualize what we've learned. I'll sketch the graph of a simple
function, like f(x) = x^2, and its derivative, f'(x) = 2x, on the board.
• Notice how the slope of the tangent line at each point on the original function
corresponds to the value of the derivative at that point.
• This graphical interpretation helps us see the relationship between a function and its
derivative. The derivative tells us how steep the function is at any given point.
• Understanding this relationship is crucial for solving real-world problems. For
example, in physics, we can use derivatives to find the velocity and acceleration of
moving objects.
• In economics, derivatives help us analyze marginal cost and revenue to optimize
production and pricing.
Dear Teachers and Students,

Join School of Educators' exclusive WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal groups for FREE access
to a vast range of educational resources designed to help you achieve 100/100 in exams!
Separate groups for teachers and students are available, packed with valuable content to
boost your performance.

Additionally, benefit from expert tips, practical advice, and study hacks designed to enhance
performance in both CBSE exams and competitive entrance tests.

Don’t miss out—join today and take the first step toward academic excellence!

Join the Teachers and Students

Group by Clicking the Link Below
JOIN OUR
WHATSAPP
GROUPS
FOR FREE EDUCATIONAL
RESOURCES
JOIN SCHOOL OF EDUCATORS WHATSAPP GROUPS
FOR FREE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES
We are thrilled to introduce the School of Educators WhatsApp Group, a
platform designed exclusively for educators to enhance your teaching & Learning
experience and learning outcomes. Here are some of the key benefits you can
expect from joining our group:

BENEFITS OF SOE WHATSAPP GROUPS

Abundance of Content: Members gain access to an extensive repository of

educational materials tailored to their class level. This includes various formats such
as PDFs, Word files, PowerPoint presentations, lesson plans, worksheets, practical
tips, viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum details, syllabus,
marking schemes, exam patterns, and blueprints. This rich assortment of resources
enhances teaching and learning experiences.

Immediate Doubt Resolution: The group facilitates quick clarification of doubts.

Members can seek assistance by sending messages, and experts promptly respond
to queries. This real-time interaction fosters a supportive learning environment
where educators and students can exchange knowledge and address concerns
effectively.

Access to Previous Years' Question Papers and Topper Answers: The group
provides access to previous years' question papers (PYQ) and exemplary answer
scripts of toppers. This resource is invaluable for exam preparation, allowing
individuals to familiarize themselves with the exam format, gain insights into scoring
techniques, and enhance their performance in assessments.
 Free and Unlimited Resources: Members enjoy the benefit of accessing an array of
educational resources without any cost restrictions. Whether its study materials,
teaching aids, or assessment tools, the group offers an abundance of resources
tailored to individual needs. This accessibility ensures that educators and students
have ample support in their academic endeavors without financial constraints.

Instant Access to Educational Content: SOE WhatsApp groups are a platform where
teachers can access a wide range of educational content instantly. This includes study
materials, notes, sample papers, reference materials, and relevant links shared by
group members and moderators.

Timely Updates and Reminders: SOE WhatsApp groups serve as a source of timely
updates and reminders about important dates, exam schedules, syllabus changes, and
academic events. Teachers can stay informed and well-prepared for upcoming
assessments and activities.

Interactive Learning Environment: Teachers can engage in discussions, ask questions,

and seek clarifications within the group, creating an interactive learning environment.
This fosters collaboration, peer learning, and knowledge sharing among group
members, enhancing understanding and retention of concepts.

Access to Expert Guidance: SOE WhatsApp groups are moderated by subject matter
experts, teachers, or experienced educators can benefit from their guidance,
expertise, and insights on various academic topics, exam strategies, and study
techniques.

Join the School of Educators WhatsApp Group today and unlock a world of resources,
support, and collaboration to take your teaching to new heights. To join, simply click
on the group links provided below or send a message to +91-95208-77777 expressing
your interest.

Together, let's empower ourselves & Our Students and

inspire the next generation of learners.

Best Regards,
Team
School of Educators
 Join School of Educators WhatsApp Groups

You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.

Kindergarten to Class XII (For Teachers Only)

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Class 4 Class 5 Class 6

Class 7 Class 8 Class 9

Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)

Class 12 (Commerce) Kindergarten

Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary Groups
(IX & X For Teachers Only)
Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

English Hindi-A IT Code-402

Hindi-B Artificial Intelligence

Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII For Teachers Only)

Physics Chemistry English

Mathematics Biology Accountancy

Economics BST History

 Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

Vocal Music Comp. Science IP

Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

Entrepreneurship French IT

Artificial Intelligence Librarian (All Classes)

Other Important Groups (For Teachers & Principal’s)

Principal’s Group Teachers Jobs IIT/NEET

 Join School of Educators WhatsApp Groups

You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class WhatsApp Group.

Kindergarten to Class XII (For Students Only)

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Class 4 Class 5 Class 6

Class 7 Class 8 Class 9

Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)

Class 12 (Commerce) Artificial Intelligence

(VI TO VIII)
Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary Groups
(IX & X For Students Only)
Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

English Hindi IT Code

Artificial Intelligence

Senior Secondary Groups (XI & XII For Students Only)

Physics Chemistry English

Mathematics Biology Accountancy

Economics BST History

 Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

Music Comp. Science IP

Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

Entrepreneurship French IT

AI IIT/NEET CUET
Groups Rules & Regulations:
To maximize the benefits of these WhatsApp groups, follow these guidelines:

1. Share your valuable resources with the group.

2. Help your fellow educators by answering their queries.
3. Watch and engage with shared videos in the group.
4. Distribute WhatsApp group resources among your students.
5. Encourage your colleagues to join these groups.

Additional notes:
1. Avoid posting messages between 9 PM and 7 AM.
2. After sharing resources with students, consider deleting outdated data if necessary.
3. It's a NO Nuisance groups, single nuisance and you will be removed.
No introductions.
No greetings or wish messages.
No personal chats or messages.
No spam. Or voice calls
Share and seek learning resources only.

Please only share and request learning resources. For assistance,

contact the helpline via WhatsApp: +91-95208-77777.
 Join Premium WhatsApp Groups
Ultimate Educational Resources!!

Join our premium groups and just Rs. 1000 and gain access to all our exclusive
materials for the entire academic year. Whether you're a student in Class IX, X, XI, or
XII, or a teacher for these grades, Artham Resources provides the ultimate tools to
enhance learning. Pay now to delve into a world of premium educational content!

Click here for more details

Class 9 Class 10
Class 11(Science Stream)

Class 11(Commerce Stream) Class 11 Humanities Class 12 (Science Stream)

(Arts) Stream

Class 12 (Commerce Stream) Class 12Humanities

(Arts) Stream

📣 Don't Miss Out! Elevate your academic journey with top-notch study materials and secure
your path to top scores! Revolutionize your study routine and reach your academic goals with
our comprehensive resources. Join now and set yourself up for success! 📚 🌟

Best Wishes,

Team
School of Educators & Artham Resources
 SKILL MODULES BEING OFFERED IN
MIDDLE SCHOOL

Artificial Intelligence Beauty & Wellness Design Thinking & Financial Literacy
Innovation

Handicrafts Information Technology Marketing/Commercial Mass Media - Being Media

Application Literate

Data Science (Class VIII Augmented Reality /

Travel & Tourism Coding
only) Virtual Reality

Digital Citizenship Life Cycle of Medicine & Things you should know What to do when Doctor
Vaccine about keeping Medicines is not around
at home

Humanity & Covid-19 Blue Pottery Pottery Block Printing

 Food Food Preservation Baking Herbal Heritage

Khadi Mask Making Mass Media Making of a Graphic

Novel

Kashmiri Embroidery Satellites

Rockets
Embroidery

Application of Photography
Satellites
SKILL SUBJECTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL (CLASSES IX – X)

Retail Information Technology Automotive

Security

Introduction To Financial Introduction To Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Markets

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking & Insurance Marketing & Sales

Health Care Apparel Multi Media Multi Skill Foundation

Course

Artificial Intelligence
Physical Activity Trainer Electronics & Hardware
Data Science
(NEW)

Foundation Skills For Sciences Design Thinking & Innovation (NEW)

(Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology)(NEW)
 SKILL SUBJECTS AT SR. SEC. LEVEL
(CLASSES XI – XII)

Retail InformationTechnology Web Application Automotive

Financial Markets Management Tourism Beauty & Wellness Agriculture

Food Production Front Office Operations Banking Marketing

Health Care Insurance Horticulture Typography & Comp.

Application

Geospatial Technology Electrical Technology Electronic Technology Multi-Media

 Taxation Cost Accounting Office Procedures & Shorthand (English)
Practices

Shorthand (Hindi) Air-Conditioning & Medical Diagnostics Textile Design

Refrigeration

Salesmanship Business Food Nutrition &

Design
Administration Dietetics

Mass Media Studies Library & Information Fashion Studies Applied Mathematics
Science

Yoga Early Childhood Care & Artificial Intelligence Data Science

Education

Physical Activity Land Transportation Electronics & Design Thinking &

Trainer(new) Associate (NEW) Hardware (NEW) Innovation (NEW)
 Join School of Educators Signal Groups

You will get Pre- Board Papers PDF, Word file, PPT, Lesson Plan, Worksheet, practical
tips and Viva questions, reference books, smart content, curriculum, syllabus,
marking scheme, toppers answer scripts, revised exam pattern, revised syllabus,
Blue Print etc. here . Join Your Subject / Class signal Group.

Kindergarten to Class XII

Class 2 Class 3
Class 1

Class 5 Class 6
Class 4

Class 7 Class 8 Class 9

Class 10 Class 11 (Science) Class 11 (Humanities)

Class 11 (Commerce) Class 12 (Science) Class 12 (Humanities)

Class 12 (Commerce) Kindergarten Artifical intelligence

 Subject Wise Secondary and Senior Secondary
Groups IX & X

Secondary Groups (IX & X)

SST Mathematics Science

Hindi-B
English Hindi-A

IT Artifical intelligence
IT Code-402

Senior Secondary Groups XI & XII

Physics Chemistry English

Biology Accountancy
Mathematics

BST History
Economics
 Geography Sociology Hindi Elective

Hindi Core Home Science Sanskrit

Psychology Political Science Painting

IP
Vocal Music Comp. Science

Physical Education APP. Mathematics Legal Studies

IIT/NEET
Entrepreneurship French

Artifical intelligence CUET

 Join School of Educators CBSE Telegram Groups

Kindergarten

All classes Class 1 Class 2

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 (Sci)

Class 11 (Com) Class 11 (Hum) Class 12 (Sci)

Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum) JEE/NEET

CUET NDA, OLYMPIAD, NTSE Principal Professional Group

Teachers Professional Group Project File Group

Join School of Educators ICSE Telegram Groups

Kindergarten Class 1 Class 2

Class 3 Class 4 Class 5

Class 6 Class 7 Class 8

Class 9 Class 10 Class 11 (Sci)

Class 11 (Com) Class 11 (Hum) Class 12 (Sci)

Class 12 (Com) Class 12 (Hum)