Basic Electmnie omponents

3/a
electnn density
b£nd-gap ergy
Lo depends On material

hinsic SemiConducbh:

density s density holes (p) n;

(n)
genova tkd by baraking Covalert bonds , to hieh
these ane > (unducBuiy 1
incveases twith increase n T
qont rotion
Yetombinalion o n0. free es and holes o
(4hinsic Jemi OnducbA
Concucon bond on duchon band
Ec
ED

EV
Ev va<ence band
vglene band
type Semionduths
n-type semitonducb (hole)
(e)

duch
(honge densihy in semiton sArapa for n-type
nN
NA D ,
Eleeticalty
uutval

(ument
daift tur mt difucson' curent
caused by Corie)s (aujed by
4 Movement of (amevs * mOue me nt
electic kield. mod rak E) Con conttotion grotient .
(at
i-AneV , Vso-aE n

Jn enunE,epUE
’nthin'y aelohon.
pn junchon diode

P this hesuHs in dril (urent.

Emav

-b

reveise bios
forunad bias
deple tin lnyer siæ‘ depleBon ayer site
paion
Teal eneygy Conthniuously erekes a -t Wojpaihy ier heles fom
Nof es &holes on both sides Cnttes the poknhat borier &mweson
onskk
tho n aeqion, thus they
tho junchon,this Creaks uery grmalt minoi Corier Curent in no
Satunokun injec kd
Omeunt of tumen, Callec side. Smilaly etectnns om n -sido.
Curent lg,
Is dêen ds on T (doubles pr Toal forivard haje minoiy, etetnn
Curent utient umert

ValBoqe
IV Aelationship
-hole
Current.

electHon
anrent. ,eleclnn dhussion
Cumt.

n-jide.'
Diode chogince isfes

VsA

Small-siana model (AC)

biog mode l iemorha
(De) ’ malsiqna!4esistonca.

oi}usion Vr.
TesisBona,b:
changed
(godd bhn only Jrnall

Diode mode| lor Ngh requency AC dgral dijuson

dQ
half Cycle, the hole tunc (CrosSiag the junehn d
posihoe yalue.In (ase
de
tonpmed The Sinilay chanqe
ycle tho hole (one oll oming rom n sdle.
in e Cone
honjen in
hìs is thn change in
Rectjer Ibaud minhi comier
chaye that is cand hy
2Up Change in tho

usttage
Vm

bidge
Va-Vy 2Va-V
PIV:
Vm Vy
Filer godresulty
Veut

Vn

fe the Oopocit (onsumud idool)

hag no polh b dischoag.
ikaly
posiiveholf (u be hese hiased

Clangesb
C,ut
h paciba toil! pnvide
efany Cusient Jo
nucegsany
hive a untage path.
wl hae smaller
is beHer , thuy
Tipple at output.

Vms
Y

fult twave Aehjer wth

optciha ler
253
 ocn!s a
pinose jalara is b maintain a Gonstant vollge in
yaniahins in 4h applied inpt oltoye ond uinkons
lond egoodless Zerner diode
load (utrent tue n ue
he doewn
ôt is 9eumse bamk
qoltage
V&R but V, henains Contlo

Rs
, VL
Rs +R V

(So Aemoins onstont).

Rs laminloa I- Lmoxmin
Hnax V
RLmin

(R+R)V RL
Vsmin RL
may-e

VR
load hegulaton
0 Source requlahon
medsuAe chane in output
Meosure the (honge in chanq in load (uMert
voltage with a
change in
atput wlte toith a
Joure volBage
VeL
AVs
 -1Vo
Vo
dicopatiba
hento os¢, sch (onnot
Ty isdiode thtucle,
e
biosed
.& heerse
Ve V
Vm: iswhich
value peot tigochaged Copathon
level. by
DC avoltage entie the Shifts
Camper
Vin
t Vaul
Vot
R
0 porhon certoin eliminka
beloa obe | is hat signal
 Brolar juneBonnngigha

Emi Her Glecho

(u) (c) ping: E>(>B
Bate
(B) Symbol

(0SS- Sechon uiW B

(npn)
4 ¬s is high1r thon hat
mobili
ofn uet as (pobiliy,
is mOe oftn
holes. BC jun
F.B
BE jun RB
on)
Achue egion Shiuohon 9eq1on (tuith
F-B (Ampie)
Rus Achue
R"B
(Suitch off)

Tronsitts Operohin
C kE,so only
thy have highAetambin
Rw will
4toith holes.

le
B:
Veg

onwon emtter eurent gain: B

(omnon ba9 on9
,Veg'anst Re

(dyramic input
tsisonu) Vee

le *rishr)
yu cháclaiskes

ellect: base widh modulakon

Eonly
Vet widh dlt (w)
(i dBh base)

Veet Aetombinahen
also
tikis plau
plau hue, So
hetmbhsha
chonda
0uBput chanortrtiskeg

olp 1 us) olpV or (le)

(Ie) (Veo)
I,(mA) le
Ache min
IEs>le, >le Veo
Agin

tbakaqe Cuvent Thts

tulotwy
(ie atengs, Tteo is h ollechor
revnse biag at (B jun-2
0ceuns dua ubh (le 0)
(ömmon Citer ongnabun Visibl tohon BST is at

lalmA)

otmost tosnol depend

Ie thee Is a
dn VeE, but
leurls
SHin gaph bcause
Jmoll
,Sahaakon
Eonly e{fct-|
mode Achue mode

(nA)
B:le

Cublt (ie is almost

le vey qnicky mud 10

(kE 02V in huu

mast (uses). le <plB
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aly 0
Orevevse- sic NE
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point: DC
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Mode)(CE out taad lissipakd Vap
put VeE
chan Rs -
line VBE satnge
: in
(w)
ind tnnsis (lotiadna) . cnentngleet.
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