## ✅ 1.
Web Design and HTML Basics – **Answers**
**Q1. Outline four attributes of a `<marquee>` that may be used to set its
movement.**
* `behavior` – scroll, slide, or alternate movement type
* `direction` – left, right, up, or down
* `scrollamount` – speed of the movement
* `scrolldelay` – time delay between each scroll movement
**Q2. Outline four attributes of a `<textarea>`.**
* `rows` – sets the height (lines)
* `cols` – sets the width (characters)
* `placeholder` – displays hint text
* `readonly` or `disabled` – disables user input
**Q3. Outline four attributes of a `<meta>` tag.**
* `name` – metadata type (e.g., description, keywords)
* `content` – content/value of the metadata
* `charset` – character encoding (e.g., UTF-8)
* `http-equiv` – HTTP headers (e.g., refresh, content-type)
**Q4. Distinguish between `<em>` and `<i>`.**
* `<em>` is semantic emphasis (screen readers recognize it)
* `<i>` is purely visual (italic) with no semantic meaning
**Q5. Distinguish between tags and elements (with examples).**
* A tag is the HTML command (e.g., `<p>`)
* An element includes the opening and closing tags and content (e.g.,
`<p>Hello</p>`)
---
## ✅ 2. Web Navigation and Structure – **Answers**
**Q1. Distinguish between sequential and hierarchical navigation.**
* **Sequential:** Navigation follows a step-by-step order
* **Hierarchical:** Pages are structured in parent-child relationships
**Q2. Describe a site map, links, and buttons.**
* **Site map:** Blueprint or outline of website pages
* **Links:** Navigate between pages or resources
* **Buttons:** Trigger actions like form submission
**Q3. Explain three reasons for designing a sitemap.**
* Organizes content for user flow
* Assists in planning and development
* Improves SEO and crawler visibility
**Q4. Outline three ways to identify links.**
* Underlined text
* Different text color
* Cursor changes on hover (to hand icon)
---
## ✅ 3. Web Authoring Tools and Editors – **Answers**
**Q1. Function of database tools and graphic editors.**
* **Database tools:** Store, manage, retrieve content (e.g., MySQL)
* **Graphic editors:** Create/edit images for web (e.g., Adobe Photoshop)
**Q2. Features/advantages of WYSIWYG and compound editors.**
* **WYSIWYG:** No need to write code, drag-and-drop elements
* **Compound editors:** Combine both visual and code editing modes
**Q3. Four plain text editor examples.**
* Notepad
* Sublime Text
* Atom
* Visual Studio Code
**Q4. Function of hyperlink, frameset, and layer.**
* **Hyperlink:** Creates links to other pages
* **Frameset:** Divides window into sections (deprecated)
* **Layer:** Used for stacking elements (CSS preferred now)
---
## ✅ 4. Web Hosting and Deployment – **Answers**
**Q1. Define web hosting, thumbnail, and online chat.**
* **Web hosting:** Service that stores website files on servers
* **Thumbnail:** Small preview image
* **Online chat:** Real-time messaging system
**Q2. Four causes of broken links.**
* Renamed or deleted target files
* Typographical errors in the URL
* Incorrect folder paths
* Server or hosting issues
**Q3. Factors to consider when selecting a hosting company.**
* Cost and storage space
* Uptime reliability
* Customer support
* Bandwidth and scalability
**Q4. Static vs. dynamic websites.**
* **Static:** Content doesn’t change unless manually updated
* **Dynamic:** Content changes based on user interaction or server-side logic
**Q5. Advantages of dynamic websites.**
* Personalized content delivery
* Easier updates via databases
* Supports user interaction
---
## ✅ 5. Internet Concepts and Protocols – **Answers**
**Q1. Functions of FTP, NNTP, Gopher.**
* **FTP:** Transfers files to/from web server
* **NNTP:** Accesses/distributes news articles
* **Gopher:** Early document retrieval protocol
**Q2. Explain download and ZIP extension.**
* **Download:** Transfer of data from remote to local system
* **.zip:** Compressed archive format for bundling files
**Q3. Explain scheme and host in URL.**
* **Scheme:** Protocol used (e.g., http, https)
* **Host:** Domain or IP address of server
**Q4. Distinguish between address bar and status bar.**
* **Address bar:** Displays website URL
* **Status bar:** Shows loading status, link previews
---
## ✅ 6. Web Security and Testing – **Answers**
**Q1. Explain spoofing vs. snooping.**
* **Spoofing:** Pretending to be someone else to deceive
* **Snooping:** Secretly monitoring or intercepting data
**Q2. Cross-site scripting and broken authentication.**
* **XSS:** Injects scripts into web pages
* **Broken authentication:** Flawed login/session handling
**Q3. Preventive measures against attacks.**
* Use HTTPS and firewalls
* Sanitize user input
* Implement strong authentication
* Regular security testing
**Q4. Types of testing: security, usability, performance.**
* **Security testing:** Detects vulnerabilities
* **Usability testing:** Ensures ease of use
* **Performance testing:** Measures speed/load
---
## ✅ 7. Web Layout and Design Concepts – **Answers**
**Q1. Define site effectiveness and its qualities.**
* **Site effectiveness:** How well a site meets user goals
* **Qualities:** Accessibility, navigation, responsiveness, content relevance
**Q2. Reasons for gathering user requirements.**
* Understand target audience
* Align features with user needs
* Avoid costly redesigns later
**Q3. Factors for faster load time.**
* Optimize image sizes
* Minimize code/scripts
* Use caching and CDN
**Q4. Responsive vs. adaptive design.**
* **Responsive:** Fluid layouts that resize for screen
* **Adaptive:** Fixed layouts for specific screen sizes
---
## ✅ 8. Web Communication & Linking – **Answers**
**Q1. Use and attributes of `<a>` tag.**
* Creates hyperlinks
* Attributes: `href`, `target`, `title`, `rel`
**Q2. HTML to link to email/image/anchor.**
* Email: `<a href="mailto:[email protected]">Email Us</a>`
* Image: `<a href="image.jpg"><img src="thumb.jpg"></a>`
* Anchor: `<a href="#section2">Jump to Section</a>`
**Q3. Types of link menus.**
* Horizontal
* Vertical
* Dropdown
**Q4. Explain internal links and their advantages.**
* Links within same website
* Faster navigation, reduced load time, improved structure
---
## ✅ 9. Web Page Types and Purposes – **Answers**
**Q1. Portal vs. news page.**
* **Portal:** Gateway with links to services/resources
* **News page:** Displays recent news or updates
**Q2. Benefits of company websites.**
* Brand visibility
* Customer engagement
* Online sales and communication
**Q3. Identify web browsing software.**
* Chrome
* Firefox
* Safari
* Microsoft Edge
---
## ✅ 10. Multimedia and Image Handling – **Answers**
**Q1. Types of image formats for web.**
* JPG (photos)
* PNG (transparent backgrounds)
* GIF (animations)
* SVG (scalable graphics)
**Q2. Why images may fail to load.**
* Incorrect path
* Missing or deleted file
* Case mismatch in file name
* File not uploaded to server
**Q3. Explain `<img>` tag attributes.**
* `src`: source of image
* `alt`: alternative text
* `width` and `height`: image dimensions
