The Grey

Water
System in
Quezon City
(Designing an Experimental Procedure)

Submitted by: GROUP 4

Pablico, Sherrylou Tolentino, Coleene

Arrey, Ceferino Beltran, Jenny Rose
Baylen, Caroline Millete, Jake
Andres, Irene Cabalhin, Shakira
 Pamarang, Joseph Nieto, Rainne Angeline

Submitted to: Shella De Vera

Table of Contents

I. Experimental Research Design

A. Define Problems
B. Determine Objectives
C. Design Experiment
D. Determine Response and Factors
E. Conduct Experiment and Collect Data
F. Analyze Data
G. Verified Predicted Result

II. Conclusion

III. Recommendation

IV. Definition of Terms

V. References
 I. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH DESIGN

A. Define Problem

Water is one of the most important resources that we humans,

animals and plants consume in order to survive. Water covers 70% of our
planet and it is easy to think that is will always be plentiful. However only
3% of the world’s fresh water that we use in irrigation, stuff we drink and
bathe in, and only two-thirds of that is tucked away in frozen glaciers or
otherwise unable for our use.

Rivers, lakes and aquifers are drying up and become polluted to use.
In addition because of the Climate change more than half of the world’s
wetlands have disappeared. Climate change is altering patterns of weather
and water around the world, causing shortages and droughts in some
areas and floods in others.

At the current consumption rate, this situation will only get worse. By
2025, two-thirds of the world’s population may face water shortages. And
ecosystems around the world will suffer even more.

Because of these reasons the researchers think of a solution to

minimize the use of freshwater in household consumption by using Grey
water. The researchers wanted to use the treated water to have a
sustainable way and maximizing the use of water by recycling it.
 B. Determine Objectives

Generally, the purpose of this study is to create a sustainable

and effective way to reduce the water consumption of fresh water and to
recycle every single drop of used water. Because based on the World wild
fund, in the last 50 years, the human population raised to more than
double. This rapid growth— with its accompanying economic development
and industrialization—has transformed water ecosystems around the world
and resulted in a massive loss of biodiversity. Today, 41% of the world’s
population lives in river basins that are under water stress. Concern about
water availability grows as freshwater use continues at unsustainable
levels. Furthermore, these new faces also need food, shelter, and clothing,
thus resulting in additional pressure on freshwater through the production
of commodities and energy.

The researchers wanted to address the limited water supply that we

might experience in the next few years. When water supplies are limited
and poorly managed, both ecosystems and people suffer. Efficient and
effective water management is necessary.

This study also aims to raise awareness to the problems that we are
facing and we might face in the future regarding to the increasing
consumption of water. Also this study wanted to utilize the use of Grey
water system in every household and determine its effectiveness to have
enough supply of water for specific use and to lessen the consumption bill.

C. Experimental Design

What is a greywater system and how does it work? Greywater is the

water that is routed to a surge tank from sinks, baths, and showers.
Greywater is retained in the tank for a short period of time before being
discharged to an irrigation or treatment system. Greywater can be directed
using gravity or a pump. The surge tank can be any container that can hold
(but not store) the initial influx of water.

Water from the washing machine or tub is diverted for irrigation using
gravity. Water from the main drainage system is manually diverted to the
surge tank using a three-way valve. To avoid overloading the pump, the
machine discharge pipe must be no higher than 300 mm above the top of
the machine and discharge into a 40 mm open pipe.

Greywater from the laundry and bathrooms is diverted for irrigation

using pumped water. This is only possible if there is enough space
between the floor level and the outside ground level for the surge tank to be
fed by gravity. It involves installing a valve on the proper waste pipes that
directs wastewater to the surge tank. Individual or combined wastes from
the laundry and bathroom (but not from the kitchen) may be transported
through the pipes. Where there is inadequate fall, a pumped system with a
basic submersible pump and float switch is required. The surge tank can be
partially or completely submerged, if necessary, a cutaway schematic
depiction of a man-made gully with a pumped irrigation diversion

The simple type of grey water filter. Greywater must be filtered to

avoid clogging the system. In a simple filtration device such as this,
greywater is discharged into a tank containing the filter material that
consists of a layer of bark over a filter-cloth and a sand layer. The water
flows continuously through the filter and directly to the irrigation system. In
avoid clogging the system, graywater must be filtered. Greywater is
discharged into a tank that contains the filter material, which is a layer of
bark over a filter cloth in a simple filtering unit like this.

The solids that collect on top of the greywater must be removed on a

regular basis, and the greywater filters will need to be replaced from time to
time. Greywater for toilet flushing should only be used if it has been treated
to reduce hazardous bacteria to an acceptable level.

A Grey water gadget diverts wastewater both to the irrigation or a

remedy and recycling gadget. The health and safety of property users is
the most important factor. A surge tank and a method of discharge to an
irrigation system are often included in greywater systems used for
irrigation. A treatment system should be installed in greywater systems that
are utilized for toilet flushing. Greywater systems must comply with Building
Code requirements.
 Grey water is frequently recycled to relieve stress on on-site
treatment systems. However, it does not allow for a reduction in on-site
treatment capacity because excellent system design allows greywater to be
directed to the treatment system when a tank is full of, or the garden is
flooded.

Installations constructed in compliance with NZBC G13/AS1 Because

greywater and blackwater systems are separate until they exit the building,
sanitary plumbing is well suited to a greywater installation. Greywater
intended for recycling can be directed to a single gully trap where it can
easily be diverted for re-use, while other of wastewater, such as kitchen
wastewater, can be directed to a separate gully trap.

D. Determine Response and Factors

Grey water- Turning waste into resource

With the proper technology, water used to scrub yourself and your
garments may be reused withinside the lawn or for flushing toilets. This
wastewater is called 'greywater'.
Using greywater:
 Reduces the want for and reliance at the mains water delivery
system.
 Reduces the wastewater top flows discharging to the council’s
wastewater system.
 Allows gardens to be watered at some stage in drought periods.
Benefits of reusing Grey Water
1. Fresh Water Conservation

The Use of greywater reduces the quantity of freshwater used up

withinside the family for different functions. The reusing of greywater
 to flush lavatories and water flowers reduces the weight of freshwater
required and if sufficient humans make the identical choice, the water
needs may be decreased so extensively as to definitely effect the
environment. This is especially crucial in areas experiencing dry
climates or going via droughts.

2. Reduction of water wastage

The use of freshwater for all of the one-of-a-kind features in a

residence produce plenty of wastewater that everyone finally ends up
flowing into the sewer systems. This creates useless wastage. By
reusing greywater for yet another feature earlier than its miles
dumped into the sewage, the quantity of water wasted may be
halved. Thus, it approaches fewer sources may be diverted to
sewage remedy and that the saving of even an additional liter of
water that can were used earlier than its disposal will increase as
well, for that reason growing water use efficiency.

3. Reduced energy consumption

With reduced freshwater demands for each household, there is

reduced energy demand required to pump the water into the house.
Secondly, water reuse reduces the load that treatment centers have
to handle in ensuring that it is purified thus reducing the total energy
required by both water distribution and sewage purifying companies.
Reduced energy use means less electricity and in turn, fossil fuel use
is also cut down eventually helping to reduce greenhouse gas
 emissions. It means that energy can be diverted into other resource-
intensive requirements or stored for later use.

4. Reduced Chemical consumption

The discount of water dispatched to sewage plant life additionally

results in decreased stages in the quantity of chemical substances
utilized in treating the water. With a smaller load, sewage remedy
plant life does now no longer require as plenty use of chemical
substances that's useful to the surroundings because it reduces each
the value of sewage remedy in addition to lowering the call for
chemical merchandise that is going to advantage the surroundings. It
additionally reduces the risk of unintentional dumping of chemical
waste via way of means of sewage processing companies. Greywater
use additionally reduces the want to fertilize the yards with chemical
fertilizers because of the vitamins the water already contains.

5. Reuse of nutrients

The use of greywater reintroduces nutrients that would have

otherwise been lost to the sewage system. The kitchen and
bathwater contain a lot of organic material that is not harmful to
plants. This is unlike blackwater where the organic levels are too
high. Blackwater also has lots of harmful bacteria e.g. E. coli that
could cause disease if they contaminate the soil. The greywater
 provides plants with good nutrients that go towards increased
beautification.

E. Conduct Experiment and Collect Data

Household Survey

As noted, this household survey study is part of a large research

project to install and operate a demonstration grey water collection,
filtration, and distribution systems at the study area. Therefore, in order to
familiarize people with the activities of the project, many interviews and
meetings were conducted with the concerned people in the study area such
as the officials at the Quezon municipality, and some local people from
nearby study area. In addition, site visits to select the proper site to install
the proposed multi-layer filter grey water system were made. The local
community involvement in this project included questionnaires, information
gathering visits, installing and operating a demonstration grey water
collection, filtration, and distribution system.

It has been noticed from the literature that many studies have
conducted household surveys on different issues related to grey water. The
survey questionnaire structure and questions used for the current study
were developed by project research team based on reviewing similar
questionnaires on grey water in the literature and insights gained during the
preliminary visits to the study area.
 The specially designed survey was comprised of 35 questions, which
were divided into four groups. The first group (Q 1–6) was about socio-
economic characteristics of the respondents, such as gender, age group,
education level, income level and the number of people living in the
household. The second group (Q 7–23) focused on water sources and
uses issues (quality and quantity), such as average amount of water
consumption at the house, the participant’s views on public water quality
and quantity, main sources of water used for different uses in the house,
and household water saving practices. The third group (Q 14–18)
requested wastewater and sanitation data. In this part, the respondents
were asked about the discharging of their wastewater, specifically asking
about water from the kitchen, laundry, showers and hand washing basins,
as well as type of cesspools. The fourth group of the survey (Q 30–34) was
focused on grey water. The respondents were asked about their knowledge
of grey water concept, willingness to reuse grey water, their acceptance of
reusing treated grey water and follow up and operate the grey water
treatment unit. The survey also included an open-ended question (Q 35)
that asked all respondents for their views, suggestions and
recommendations on treating household grey water and different purposes
for its reuse.

The sampling process consists of two stages; first, a stratified random

sample of five census areas was selected. Second, interviewers carried out
a door-to-door meeting within each census area. Forty-seven
questionnaires were filled during face-to-face meetings with the families of
the studied area. General observations were also reported by interviewers
of any environmental considerations inside the houses related to the grey
water.

F. Analyze Data

Survey Data Analysis

The survey data collected during the study were gathered from two
types of questions; the first type was closed-ended questions, and their
responses were analyzed using SPSS version-10 to obtain key trends and
examine the interrelationship of responses to different survey questions in
average and median percentage and graphical forms.
The second type was open-ended questions, which were included in
the survey so the respondents could express their opinions, suggestions
and recommendations. These responses were manually analyzed to
develop suggestions and recommendations to minimize the challenges
which are facing the community regarding the grey water reuse.

II. Conclusion
Grey water reuse is an important alternative for reducing potable water
consumption in the different building occupancies.
 The review shows significant variations in quality and quantity of grey
water in terms of time and sources, and that variability is largely the
selection of the treatment system.
  The review also reveals that in recycled grey waters, heavy metals
and organic micro-contaminants generally pose no threat to human
health when properly treated.
 The results showed that the environmental advantage of the strategy
is the use of water-efficient systems. This saves significant water and
reduces wastewater.
 The environmental impact is low due to the reduced consumption of
energy over the life cycle.

III. Recommendation and Future Works

Grey water reuse is an important alternative for reducing potable water

consumption in the different building occupancies. We think that grey water
reuse is a way to increase the productivity of sustainable backyard
ecosystems that produce food, clean water, and shelter wildlife. Such
systems recover valuable ‘waste’ products – grey water, household
compost, and humanure – and reconnect their human inhabitants to
ecological cycles. In the future, works should be to develop systems for
treatment the grey water in the different buildings.

IV. Definition of terms

 Grey water- Greywater is gently used water from your bathroom
sinks, showers, tubs, and washing machines. It is not water that has
come into contact with feces, either from the toilet or from washing
diapers. Greywater may contain traces of dirt, food, grease, hair, and
certain household cleaning products.
 Humanure- solid waste from the human body which
is later reused as compost or manure. It is a blend of
the words ‘human’ and ‘manure’.
 NZBC G13/AS1 - Under this clause, buildings in which sanitary
fixtures and sanitary appliances using water-borne waste disposal are
installed must be provided with adequate plumbing and drainage to
appropriate outfalls or system for storage/treatment.
V. References

(2021). [Link]. State of the Art review on grey water

management

Eriksson E. Auffarth K. Henze M. Ledin A. 2002 Characteristics

of grey wastewater. Urban Water

Glick S. Guggemos A. A. Price J. 2011 Increasing resource

efficiency through residential greywater use. International
Journal of Construction Education and Research

Kant S. Jaber F. Karthikeyan R. 2018 Evaluation of a portable

in-house greywater treatment system for potential water reuse
in urban areas. Urban Water Journal

Kant S. Jaber F. Karthikeyan R. 2018 Evaluation of a portable

in-house greywater treatment system for potential water reuse
in urban areas. Urban Water Journal
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