Published by

Aga Khan University Examination Board

Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII
Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi, Pakistan.

Latest revision: May 2025

(This syllabus has been periodically revised in 2012, 2017 and 2022)

© The Aga Khan University Examination Board, 2025

All rights and entitlements reserved.

This syllabus is developed by Aga Khan University Examination Board for distribution to
all its affiliated schools only. No part of this syllabus may be copied, reproduced or used
for any other purpose whatsoever without prior written permission of the
Aga Khan University Examination Board.
 Higher Secondary School Certificate
Examination Syllabus

COMPUTER SCIENCE
GRADES XI-XII

This syllabus will be examined in both

Annual and September Examination sessions from
Annual Examinations 2026 for Grade XI and Annual
Examinations 2027 for Grade XII
 Table of Contents Page No.

Preface 5

Understanding of AKU-EB Syllabi 7

Subject Rationale of AKU-EB Computer Science 8

Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB HSSC Computer Science
10
Syllabus
Practical Activities of AKU-EB HSSC Computer Science Syllabus 38

Annexure A: List of Acronyms and Their Full Forms 43

Annexure B: Examples of Python Programming 45

Scheme of Assessment 46

Acknowledgements 49

For queries and feedback

Address: Aga Khan University Examination Board

Block - C, IED - PDC, 1-5/B-VII
Federal B. Area, Karimabad, Karachi, Pakistan.
Phone: (92-21) 3682-7011-8
E-mail: [Link]@[Link]
Website: [Link]
Facebook: [Link]
Link tree: [Link]

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 4
 Preface
Established in 2002 through the Pakistan government’s ordinance, the Aga Khan University
Examination Board (AKU-EB) is country’s first private autonomous qualification awarding
body for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary School Certificate
(HSSC). Its vision is to be a model of excellence and innovation in education in Pakistan and
the developing world.

AKU-EB achieves its vision by developing examination syllabi which inculcate conceptual
thinking and higher order learning and is aligned with the National Curriculum and mapped
with provincial curricula and international standards. AKU-EB revises its syllabi periodically
to support the needs of students, teachers and society.

The aims of the syllabus review of SSC and HSSC are to:

 Ensure continued compatibility with the goals of the National Curriculum of Pakistan.

 Review the content for inclusion of new knowledge and deletion of obsolete knowledge.

 Review the content for clarity and relevance as per the changing needs of students,
teachers and society.

 Enhance and strengthen continuation and progression of content both within and across
grades IX - XII (SSC and HSSC).

 Ensure the readiness of students for higher education.

During the syllabus review, the needs of all the stakeholders were identified through a needs-
assessment survey. Students and teachers of AKU-EB affiliated schools from across Pakistan
participated in the survey. Thereafter, a revision panel, which consisted of examiners, teachers
of affiliated and non-affiliated schools, teacher trainers and university academicians, reviewed
and revised the syllabus following a planned, meticulous and standardised syllabi review
process.

The development of the revised syllabus has been made possible by the creativity and relentless
hard work of Curriculum and Examination Development unit and the constant support provided
by all the other units of AKU-EB. We are particularly thankful to our Principal Syllabus
Reviewers, Syllabus Revision Panellists and all other reviewers for their contribution. We are
also thankful to all the students and teachers who took part in the needs-assessment survey and
to the principals of AKU-EB affiliated schools who made this endeavour possible by
facilitating and encouraging their teachers and students to be a part of the survey and the
syllabus revision panel.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 5
 With your support and collective hard work, AKU-EB has been able to take the necessary steps
to ensure effective implementation of the National Curriculum of Pakistan through this
syllabus. We are confident that this syllabus will continue to provide the support that is needed
by students to progress to the next level of education, and we wish the very best to our students
and teachers in implementing this syllabus.

Dr Naveed Yousuf
Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Aga Khan University Examination Board
Associate Professor of Practice, Educational Development, Faculty of Health Science,
Aga Khan University

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 6
 Understanding of AKU-EB Syllabi
1. The AKU-EB syllabi guide the students, teachers, parents, and other stakeholders
regarding the topics that will be taught and examined in each grade (IX, X, XI and XII).
In each syllabus document, the content progresses from simple to complex, thereby
facilitating a gradual, conceptual learning of the content.

2. The topics of the syllabi are divided into sub-topics and student learning outcomes
(SLOs). The sub-topics and the SLOs define the depth and the breadth at which each topic
will be taught, learnt and examined. The syllabi also provide enabling SLOs where needed
to scaffold student learning.

3. Each SLO starts with an achievable and assessable command word such as describe,
relate, evaluate, etc. The purpose of the command words is to direct the attention of
teachers and students to specific tasks that the students are expected to undertake during
their studies. The examination questions are framed using the same command words or
their connotations to elicit evidence of these competencies in students’ responses.

4. The SLOs are classified under the following cognitive levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy:
Remember (R), Understand (U), Apply and beyond [Apply (A), Analyse (An), Evaluate
(E), Create (C)]. This is to facilitate effective planning for teaching, learning, and
assessment. In addition, some SLOs are identified as Formative Assessments (FA), where
applicable.

5. Where applicable, SLOs are followed by Practical Activities section to elaborate

regarding the assessment in the Practical Examination.

6. The Examination Specification is also provided within this syllabus which elucidates the
weightage of each topic in the examinations determined on the basis on the content as well
as the relevance of the topic.

7. To implement this syllabus, students and teachers can take support from additional
material provided by the board to its affiliated schools including Learning Resource
Guides, Pacing Guides, and Model Papers.

8. The AKU-EB syllabi for Secondary School Certificate (SSC) and Higher Secondary
School Certificate (HSSC) are designed to foster not only conceptual understanding but
also critical thinking and problem-solving skills. These syllabi ensure students develop the
cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills essential for success at the university and
beyond.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 7
 Subject Rationale of AKU-EB Computer Science Syllabus
Why study Computer Science?

Studying Computer Science undoubtedly opens doors to an impressive array of career

opportunities, ranging from software development to cutting-edge artificial intelligence. This
field equips you with essential problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and creativity,
enabling you to tackle innovative projects that significantly impact various industries. As
technology continues to shape nearly every aspect of modern life, the demand for computer
science skills is skyrocketing. The ever-evolving nature of the field guarantees lifelong
learning and continuous growth. Whether your passion lies in creating groundbreaking apps,
analysing complex data, or building robust systems, computer science offers both intellectual
fulfilment and the opportunity to make a tangible difference in the world. Furthermore, the
potential for high salaries and job security only enhances its appeal, making it a compelling
choice for anyone looking to make their mark in the tech industry.

Why study AKU-EB Computer Science?

Computer Science is a field of study that helps students understand both the theoretical and
practical aspects of computation. You may have used a computer for playing games, surfing
the internet, streaming videos, using social media, creating presentations and reports. This
syllabus, however, will expand your knowledge, understanding and skills by introducing
more advanced concepts such as database designing, Object-Oriented Programming (OOP),
applications of computers, artificial intelligence, data communication and entrepreneurship.

To be more specific, you will learn the following content areas in the syllabus:

 Computer System
 Cybersecurity
 Computational Thinking
 Database Design
 Data and Analysis
 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
 Object-Oriented Programming using Python

Where will it take you?

The subject will take you from simple real-life problems to different computational solutions
and from basic computing technologies to emerging advanced hardware and software
technologies. The set of skills learned in this syllabus will help you to select your career in
the areas of computer science such as:

 Software Development
 Database Administration
 Computer Hardware Engineering
 System Analyst
 Computer Network Engineering
 Web Development
 Data Science

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 8
  Artificial Intelligence
 Machine Learning
 Mobile Applications Development
 Software Quality Assurance
 Content Creation and Blogging
 Graphic Designing

How to approach the syllabus?

The AKU-EB syllabi is carefully designed with a reader-friendly approach to ensure that
students and teachers can easily comprehend it, making it functional for teaching, learning and
assessment purposes. The syllabus includes following parts:

Subject Rationale It is an introductory document for students.

Student Learning
These guide regarding the details about what has to be achieved.
Outcomes (SLOs)
Exam
It guides regarding what will be expected in the examination.
Specification
Practical
These include lab activities to be performed during an academic year.
Activities
Additional Resources:
It ensures smooth transition and curricular continuity of a school’s
Pacing Guide academic year. It also predicts the time and pace of syllabi
implementation.
Resource Guide It includes teaching and learning resources for students and teachers.

Model Paper It guides regarding exam pattern, types of questions and marking scheme.
It clarifies expectations regarding the cognitive levels and skills that
Command Word
should be acquired by the students, and which are assessed in its
Guide
examinations.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 9
Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB HSSC Computer Science Syllabus
Part I (Grade XI)
Cognitive Level1
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
1. Computing Systems Students should be able to:
1.1.1 differentiate between analog and digital signals; *
1.1 Data Representation in a Digital 1.1.2 explain the binary data representation using binary pulses, i.e., *
Computer 0/ low/ off and 1/ high/ on;
1.2 Logic Gates 1.2.1 define the following terms: *
a. digital logic,
b. logic gates and logic circuits,
c. truth table;
1.2.2 explain the following logic gates in terms of the number of *
inputs and outputs using truth tables:
a. AND,
b. OR,
c. NOT,
d. NAND,
e. NOR,
f. Exclusive OR (XOR),
g. Exclusive NOR (XNOR);
1.2.3 identify logic gates from the truth table; *
1.2.4 explain the uses of logic gates in digital devices; *
1.2.5 represent the logic circuits in the form of a truth table; A

1
R = Remember, U = Understand, A = Apply and beyond [Apply (A), Analyse (An), Evaluate (E), Create (C)]

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 10
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
1.2.6 explain the following Boolean identities: *
a. Identity Law,
b. Distributive Law,
c. Associative Law,
d. Commutative Law,
e. Inverse (Complement) Law,
f. De Morgan’s Theorem,
g. Absorption Law;
1.2.7 construct a logic circuit for a given real-life problem; A
1.3 Karnaugh Map (K-Map) 1.3.1 simplify two-variable and three-variable Boolean functions A
using Karnaugh map;
1.3.2 convert the given algebraic expression into its Sum of Products A
(SOP) and Product of Sums (POS) forms;
1.4 Software Development 1.4.1 explain Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and its *
different phases;
1.4.2 compare the phases, advantages and disadvantages of the *
following software development models:
a. waterfall model,
b. agile model;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 11
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
1.5 Network Topology 1.5.1 define network topology; *
1.5.2 explain the following network topologies with diagrams: *
a. bus,
b. ring,
c. star,
d. tree,
e. mesh,
f. hybrid;
1.5.3 explain the advantages, disadvantages and applications of *
network topologies mentioned in SLO # 1.5.2;
1.5.4 compare scalability and reliability of network topologies; *
1.6 Cloud Computing 1.6.1 explain cloud computing, its characteristics, and impact on *
modern IT infrastructure;
1.6.2 explain the following cloud computing service models with *
examples:
a. Software as a Service (SaaS),
b. Platform as a Service (PaaS),
c. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS);
1.6.3 explain the following cloud computing types: *
a. public cloud,
b. private cloud,
c. community cloud,
d. hybrid cloud;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 12
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
1.7 Understanding Cybersecurity 1.7.1 describe cybersecurity and its importance; *
Fundamentals 1.7.2 explain the following cybersecurity fundamentals: *
a. confidentiality,
b. integrity,
c. availability;
1.8 Common Cybersecurity Threats 1.8.1 explain the following cybersecurity threats and their impact: *
a. malware,
b. phishing,
c. pharming,
d. Denial of Service (DoS),
e. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS),
f. ransomware;
1.8.2 recommend effective measures to safeguard against E
cybersecurity threats to enhance digital security;
1.8.3 design a multi-layered security strategy for a given situation C
that integrates preventive, detective, and corrective measures
to mitigate the risks associated with DoS, DDoS, and
ransomware attacks;
1.8.4 create a cybersecurity awareness campaign highlighting FA2
common threats and effective prevention methods for your
community;
1.9 Data Encryption 1.9.1 describe encryption and its importance; *
1.9.2 relate the terms cryptography and encryption; *
1.9.3 compare the following types of encryption techniques in terms *
of speed, key management, and use cases:
a. symmetric,
b. asymmetric;

2
FA= Formative Assessment, not to be assessed under examination conditions

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 13
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics 1.9.4 Student Learning
explain the advantages Outcomesof symmetric and
and disadvantages R U
* A and
asymmetric encryption. beyond
2. Computational Thinking and
Students should be able to:
Algorithm
2.1 Computational Thinking and 2.1.1 define the term computational thinking; *
Artefacts 2.1.2 describe different steps of computational thinking; *
2.1.3 explain the following computational artefacts of software *
development process:
a. computational solution design,
b. planning and development of computational artefacts,
c. testing computational artefacts;
2.2 Algorithm 2.2.1 apply basic computational algorithms to perform the following A
operations in programming:
a. arithmetic, relational, and logical computations,
b. conditional (selection) statements,
c. iterative (loop-based) processes,
d. sorting techniques (insertion sort, bubble sort),
e. searching techniques (binary search, linear search).

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 14
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
3. Programming Fundamentals (Python) Students should be able to:
3.1 Programming Basics 3.1.1 define program and programming language; *
3.1.2 differentiate between program syntax and program semantics; *
3.1.3 explain the following types of programming languages: *
a. low-level languages:
I. machine language,
II. assembly language,
b. high-level languages:
I. procedural language,
II. structured language,
III. object-oriented language;
3.1.4 explain the functions of an/a assembler, compiler, and *
interpreter;
3.1.5 explain the Python language and its applications; *
3.1.6 explain the Python Integrated Development Environment (IDE); *
3.1.7 describe comments in Python programming; *
3.1.8 write a Python program using single-line and multiple-line A
comments;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 15
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
3.2 Turtle Graphics 3.2.1 define turtle graphics; *
3.2.2 use turtle library in Python program; A
3.2.3 draw different shapes using the following functions: A
a. Movement:
get screen( ), right( ) / rt( ), left( )/ lt( ), forward( )/ fd( ),
backward( )/ bk( ),
b. Screen Functions:
clear( ), reset( ), stamp( ), clearstamp( ), bgcolor( ),
title( ),
c. Changing Turtle Attributes:
shapesize( ), pensize( ), fillcolor( ), pencolor( ), color( ),
shape( ), speed( ), begin_fill( )….end_fill(), penup( ),
pendown( ),
d. Preset Shapes:
circle( ), dot( );
3.3 Libraries 3.3.1 describe the purpose of libraries; *
3.3.2 write the syntax of installing a library in Python language; A
3.3.3 write a Python program that imports the datetime module and A
uses the following arguments:
a. %A,
b. %B,
c. %C,
d. %D,
e. %H,
f. %I,
g. %S,
h. %Y;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 16
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
3.4 Constants and Variables in Python 3.4.1 define the following basic data types in Python programming: *
Programming a. char,
b. str,
c. int,
d. float,
e. bool;
3.4.2 differentiate between variable and constant; *
3.4.3 differentiate between local and global variables; *
3.4.4 write valid variable names based on the variable naming rules; A
3.4.5 write a Python program to A
a. utilise different data types,
b. demonstrate implicit and explicit type casting of
variables;
3.5 Input Output Handling 3.5.1 describe the purpose of using eval( ) in Python; *
3.5.2 write a Python program to use the eval( ) function; A
3.5.3 write a program to display a message and the value of the A
variable using the print( ) statement;
3.5.4 write a program for taking input during the execution of a A
program using the input( ) statement;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 17
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
3.6 Operators in Python Programming 3.6.1 differentiate between operator and operand; *
3.6.2 describe the following types of operators: *
a. assignment operator,
b. membership operators,
c. arithmetic operators,
d. bitwise operators,
e. comparison (relational) operators,
f. logical operators;
3.6.3 write a Python program using the following operators; A
a. arithmetic operators,
b. bitwise operators,
c. comparison (relational) operators,
d. logical operators;
3.7 Selection Statements in Python 3.7.1 describe if, if-else, and elif statements; *
Programming 3.7.2 write a Python program using the following statements: A
a. if,
b. if-else,
c. if-elif-else,
d. nested if,
e. pass;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 18
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
3.8 Repetition (Loop) in Python 3.8.1 describe loop and its types in Python programming; *
Programming 3.8.2 describe the structure of for and while loop; *
3.8.3 write a Python program using the following loops: A
a. for,
b. while,
c. nested for;
3.8.4 describe the break, continue, and exit statements in Python; *
3.8.5 write a Python program using the following statements: A
a. break,
b. continue,
c. exit( ) function;
3.9 Debugging in Python 3.9.1 describe the importance of debugging; *
3.9.2 explain different types of bugs (errors) in Python code; *
3.9.3 explain the process of finding bugs using an Integrated *
Development Environment (IDE);
3.9.4 explain breakpoints to pause execution; *
3.9.5 apply the process of debugging using the print statement and A
assert keyword in Python;
3.9.6 apply the process of identifying and resolving bugs using the A
Python debugger (pdb).

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 19
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
4. Data and Analysis Students should be able to:
4.1 Statistical Modelling 4.1.1 define the following terms: *
a. statistics,
b. statistical modeling;
4.1.2 explain the following statistical modeling techniques *
(supervised and unsupervised):
a. regression,
b. classification,
c. k-means clustering;
4.1.3 analyse the process of developing a statistical model in the An
context of data analysis;
4.1.4 evaluate the effectiveness of statistical modeling in solving E
real-world problems in the fields of healthcare and finance;
4.2 Experimental Design in Data 4.2.1 define the following terms: *
Science a. correlation,
b. causation,
c. population,
d. parameters,
e. random sample;
4.2.2 differentiate between observational studies and experimental *
studies in data science;
4.2.3 describe the principles of experimental design flow; *
4.2.4 explain the steps involved in the experimental design flow; *
4.3 Statistics and Data Visuals 4.3.1 explain the data collection methods and its types; *
4.3.2 analyse the role of data science in addressing real-world An
problems, supported by practical examples.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 20
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
5. Applications of Computer Science Students should be able to:
5.1 Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT) 5.1.1 describe Internet of Things (IoT) and its importance in *
connecting physical devices;
5.1.2 explain the following components of an IoT system: *
a. sensors,
b. processors,
c. connectivity,
d. user interface;
5.1.3 examine IoT’s role in improving operations and addressing An
real-world challenges in manufacturing, agriculture, and
healthcare sectors;
5.2 Core Technologies Powering IoT 5.2.1 describe key technologies that enable Internet of Things (IoT); *
5.2.2 describe big data analytics (BDA) and its applications in *
different fields;
5.2.3 describe communication protocols that facilitate data exchange *
between Internet of Things (IoT) devices;
5.2.4 explain embedded systems and their application; *
5.2.5 explain Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and their *
applications in the Internet of Things (IoT);
5.3 Blockchain and Blockchain Networks 5.3.1 define blockchain technology; *
5.3.2 list the technologies that enable blockchain; *
5.3.3 explain blockchain networks and the following types: *
a. public blockchain network,
b. private blockchain network,
c. permissioned blockchain network,
d. consortium blockchain network;
5.3.4 explain the integration of blockchain and IoT; *

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 21
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
5.4 Stakeholders in AI Systems 5.4.1 describe the stakeholders involved in an Artificial Intelligence *
(AI) system;
5.4.2 evaluate the benefits and challenges of Artificial Intelligence E
(AI) in healthcare, education, and industry.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 22
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
6. Impacts of Computing Students should be able to:
6.1 Information Sources 6.1.1 define the following types of information sources: *
a. books,
b. articles,
c. websites;
6.1.2 explain reliable and unreliable sources of information; *
6.1.3 explain the use of search engines and databases to find reliable *
information;
6.1.4 discuss the responsible and critical use of social media to E
access and share information;
6.2 Information Privacy and Security 6.2.1 define privacy and security; *
6.2.2 describe the importance of protecting personal information *
online;
6.2.3 suggest strategies for safeguarding personal data while E
accessing information sources;
6.2.4 evaluate the impact of data breaches and the misuse of E
information on individuals, organisations, and society;
6.3 Ethical Use of Information 6.3.1 explain the ethical use of information and intellectual property; *
6.3.2 explain the consequences of misinformation and unethical *
information practices;
6.3.3 discuss real-world cases that involve ethical dilemmas related E
to the use of information and their effects on individuals,
organisations, and society;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 23
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
6.4 Connectivity in Computing 6.4.1 define the term ‘connectivity’ in the context of computing; *
6.4.2 describe the following components involved in achieving *
connectivity:
a. devices,
b. networks,
c. protocols,
d. internet;
6.4.3 describe the following communication technologies enabled by *
computing:
a. social media platforms,
b. email,
c. instant messaging,
d. video conferencing;
6.5 Environmental Impacts of 6.5.1 explain the concept of green computing; *
Connectivity in Computing 6.5.2 analyse the positive and negative environmental impacts of An
connectivity in computing across fields such as cloud
computing and smart devices;
6.5.3 examine the environmental impact of data centres, considering An
factors such as energy consumption and e-waste;
6.6 Cultural Impacts of Connectivity 6.6.1 analyse the role of enhanced connectivity in facilitating global An
cultural exchange;
6.6.2 discuss the preservation or loss of local cultures in the digital E
age;
6.7 Human Impact of Connectivity 6.7.1 discuss the positive and negative impacts of digital E
connectivity on human behaviour and society, including work
and employment.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 24
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
7. Digital Literacy Students should be able to:
7.1 Introduction to Digital Literacy 7.1.1 describe digital literacy and its importance; *
7.1.2 explain the role of digital literacy in academic and everyday *
life;
7.2 Introduction to Advanced Search 7.2.1 describe advanced search techniques and their importance; *
Techniques 7.2.2 differentiate between basic and advanced searches; *
7.3 Designing Data-Collection 7.3.1 describe the following data collection methods: *
Approaches a. qualitative,
b. quantitative;
7.3.2 discuss the use of prototypes and simulations in data E
collection, including their purpose and advantages;
7.3.3 design a data-collection plan using qualitative interviews by: C
a. formulating research questions,
b. developing interview guides and protocols;
7.3.4 create surveys for quantitative data collection by: C
a. writing clear and unbiased survey questions,
b. selecting appropriate survey platforms and tools.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 25
 Student Learning Outcomes of AKU-EB HSSC Computer Science Syllabus
Grade XII

Cognitive Level1
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
8. Computing Systems Students should be able to:
8.1 Usability, Security and 8.1.1 describe the use of digital device in terms of ease of use and *
Accessibility of Devices efficiency;
8.1.2 describe the security features of devices and best practices for *
data protection;
8.1.3 explain the ways in which accessibility features in devices *
support users with disabilities;
8.2 Human Interaction with 8.2.1 describe Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and its importance; *
Computer Systems in Terms 8.2.2 analyse the influence of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) on An
of Usability user efficiency and task effectiveness;
8.3 Design Consideration 8.3.1 describe HCI design considerations and their effects on usability *
and system performance;
8.3.2 analyse the trade-offs involved in designing HCI in the context An
of:
a. security,
b. user-friendliness,
c. cost-effectiveness.

1
R = Remember, U = Understand, A = Apply and beyond [Apply (A), Analyse (An), Evaluate (E), Create (C)]

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 26
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
9. Computational Thinking and
Algorithm
9.1 Complex Data Structure 9.1.1 define data structure; *
9.1.2 describe the following types of data structures: *
a. list,
b. array,
c. tree,
d. stack,
e. queue;
9.2 Operations on Data Structures 9.2.1 describe the traversal operation on an array; *
9.2.2 describe the enqueue and dequeue operations in a queue; *
9.2.3 explain the push and pop operations in a stack; *
9.2.4 explain the following operations on a tree: *
a. traversing,
I. in order,
II. pre-order,
III. post order,
b. binary search;
9.3 Applications of Data Structures 9.3.1 explain the application of tree data structures; *
9.3.2 explain the application of the binary search algorithms; *
9.3.3 apply tree data structures to represent hierarchical data models A
such as file systems or organisational charts;
9.3.4 use the binary search algorithm to locate elements in sorted A
data efficiently;
9.3.5 illustrate the use of tree traversal techniques in data retrieval A
and manipulation tasks.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 27
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
10. Programming Fundamentals (Python) Students should be able to:
10.1 Introduction to Function in 10.1.1 describe predefined and user-defined functions; *
Python Programming 10.1.2 describe the advantages of user-defined functions; *
10.1.3 describe the signature of the functions, i.e., function name, *
arguments, and return value;
10.1.4 explain the process of creating a user-defined function, i.e., *
function declaration, function definition, and function call;
10.1.5 differentiate among the following variable types used in *
functions:
a. local,
b. global;
10.1.6 write a program involving a user-defined function; A
10.2 Passing Arguments and 10.2.1 define default argument; *
Returning Values 10.2.2 describe the purpose of the return statement; *
10.2.3 write a program that demonstrates the return statement; A
10.2.4 write a program to invoke a user-defined function and pass A
arguments by constant, value, and reference;
10.3 Classes and Objects in Object- 10.3.1 describe Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and functional *
Oriented Programming (OOP) programming;
10.3.2 compare the advantages and disadvantages of Object-Oriented *
Programming (OOP) and functional programming;
10.3.3 explain class and object in terms of OOP; *
10.3.4 write a Python program to A
a. declare a class with data members and member functions
defined within its body,
b. create objects of the class in the main() function and call its
member functions using those objects;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 28
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
10.4 Access Modifiers (Public, 10.4.1 differentiate between private and public access specifiers in *
Private and Protected ) Object-Oriented Programming (OOP);
10.4.2 write a Python program that demonstrates private access to class A
members using name mangling;
10.4.3 write a Python program that demonstrates public access to class A
members;
10.4.4 write a Python program that defines a class with both public and A
private members and demonstrates their usage;
10.5 Pillars of OOP (Inheritance, 10.5.1 describe inheritance and its access specifiers in Python *
Encapsulation, Abstraction and programming;
Polymorphism) 10.5.2 explain the types of inheritance in Python programming using *
different classes;
10.5.3 explain encapsulation in Python programming; *
10.5.4 explain polymorphism in Python programming; *
10.5.5 explain the function of constructors and destructors in Object- *
Oriented Programming (OOP);
10.5.6 differentiate among the types of constructors, i.e., default *
constructor, user-defined constructor, and constructor
overloading;
10.5.7 differentiate between overloading and overriding in OOP; *
10.5.8 write a program of inheritance using the base class and the A
derived class;
10.5.9 write a program of inheritance for three access specifiers; A

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 29
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
10.6 Working with List 10.6.1 explain the concept of a list in Python programming including its *
name, size, index number, and arrangement of elements in the
memory;
10.6.2 explain the purpose of storing elements in an ordered list; *
10.6.3 write a Python program to use a one-dimensional list with different A
sizes and data types;
10.6.4 write a Python program to create, add, modify, and remove items in A
a list;
10.6.5 write a Python program that stores numeric values in a one- A
dimensional list using a for loop and find the highest, lowest,
average, and search for a value;
10.7 Working with Dictionaries 10.7.1 describe dictionary and its uses in Python programming; *
10.7.2 write a Python program to construct and retrieve values from a A
dictionary in Python programming;
10.7.3 write a Python program to find a value in a dictionary using the key A
value;
10.8 File Handling in Python 10.8.1 describe the importance of disk I/O; *
Programming 10.8.2 explain file handling methods and the following file operations in *
Python programming:
a. create,
b. read,
c. write,
d. append;
10.8.3 write a Python program that performs the following file operations: A
a. create and write data to a file,
b. read from and append data to the file,
c. write new data and then read it from the file;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 30
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
10.9 Introduction to Database 10.9.1 describe database and its importance; *
(MS SQL) 10.9.2 differentiate between Database Management System (DBMS) and *
Relational Database Management System (RDBMS);
10.9.3 describe the MS SQL database; *
10.9.4 describe the following keys: *
a. primary key,
b. foreign key,
c. candidate key,
d. alternate key
e. secondary key;
10.9.5 construct a database and tables using MS SQL; A
10.10 Data Normalisation 10.10.1 describe data normalisation and its importance in a database; *
10.10.2 explain 1NF, 2NF and 3NF forms of data normalisation; *
10.11 Structure Query Language 10.11.1 describe the Structured Query Language (SQL) and its importance; *
(SQL) 10.11.2 explain the following types of SQL statements: *
a. Data Manipulation Language (DML),
b. Data Definition Language (DDL),
c. Data Control Language (DCL),
d. Transaction Control Language (TCL),
e. Data Query Language (DQL);
10.11.3 explain data manipulation language (DML) statements ; *
10.11.4 apply SELECT statement with clauses: A
a. WHERE,
b. Order by;
10.12 Connecting Database with 10.12.1 explain the process of connecting a database with Python; *
Python 10.12.2 write a program to connect a database with Python. A

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 31
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
11. Data and Analysis Students should be able to:
11.1 Introduction to Machine 11.1.1 define Machine Learning (ML); *
Learning (ML) 11.1.2 differentiate between Machine Learning (ML) and rule-based *
algorithm;
11.1.3 explain the following basics of Machine Learning (ML) model *
building:
a. feature engineering,
b. train test split,
c. model assessment;
11.1.4 explain the following Machine Learning (ML) algorithms: *
a. regression,
b. clustering,
c. classification;
11.2 Hypothesis and Hypothesis Testing 11.2.1 describe hypothesis and its role in statistical analysis; *
11.2.2 describe the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis; *
11.2.3 explain P value and significance testing; *
11.2.4 explain the following tests: *
a. f-test,
b. chi-square test,
c. ANOVA;
11.3 Key Model Performance 11.3.1 explain the following performance evaluation techniques; *
Metrics a. accuracy,
b. precision,
c. recall,
d. f1 score,
e. rand index,
f. ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic),
g. RMSE (Root Mean Square Error).

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 32
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
12 . Applications of Computer Science Students should be able to:
12.1 Applications of IoT (Internet of 12.1.1 describe the following key applications of IoT in Pakistan: *
Things), Cloud Computing and a. smart homes,
Blockchain in Pakistan b. agriculture,
c. smart cities,
d. healthcare monitoring systems;
12.1.2 explain the importance of cloud computing in Pakistan for data *
storage;
12.1.3 evaluate the benefits and challenges of cloud computing for E
data management in Pakistan;
12.2 Deep Learning and its 12.2.1 explain the relationship between deep learning networks and *
Application neural networks;
12.2.2 analyse the applications of neural networks, including deep An
learning models, in fields such as healthcare, finance, and
autonomous vehicles.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 33
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
13. Impacts of Computing Students should be able to:
13.1 Introduction to Privacy and 13.1.1 define the terms, privacy and security; *
Security 13.1.2 describe the following common types of cyberattacks: *
a. Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial of Service
(DDoS) attack,
b. ransomware,
c. spyware,
d. viruses,
e. phishing,
f. Domain Name System (DNS) spoofing,
g. waterhole attack,
h. fake Wireless Access Point (WAP),
i. eavesdropping;
13.1.3 explain the following basic security methods: *
a. strong passwords,
b. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA),
c. antivirus and anti-malware software,
d. checking logs,
e. firewall,
f. Intrusion Detection System (IDS);
g. encryption;

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 34
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
Students should be able to:
13.2 Security Protocols 13.2.1 explain the following network security protocols: *
a. Secure Socket Layer (SSL)
b. Transport Layer Security (TLS),
c. Internet Protocol Security (IPsec),
d. Secure Shell (SSH),
e. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP),
f. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS),
g. Wireless Protected Access (WPA/ WPA2/ WPA3),
h. File Transfer Protocol Secure (FTPS),
i. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP);
13.2.2 differentiate between HTTP and HTTPS; *
13.3 Cryptography 13.3.1 define cryptography; *
13.3.2 differentiate between cybersecurity and cryptography; *
13.3.3 explain the following different types of ciphers: *
a. plain,
b. ceaser,
c. shift,
d. substitution,
e. transposition,
f. stream cipher,
g. block cipher.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 35
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
14. Digital Literacy Students should be able to:
14.1 Understanding Advance Searches and 14.1.1 define research questions/ problems; *
Digital Tools in Research 14.1.2 describe a case study in research; *
14.1.3 analyse the effectiveness of digital tools in communicating An
research results and conclusions;
14.1.4 evaluate the effectiveness of advanced search techniques in E
locating information on a research topic;
14.2 Plan, Execute, and Communicate 14.2.1 design a data collection plan to answer a research question and FA2
Research present the data using appropriate digital tools.

2
FA= Formative Assessment, not to be assessed under examination conditions

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 36
 Cognitive Level
Topics and Sub-topics Student Learning Outcomes R U A and
beyond
15. Entrepreneurship in the Digital Age Students should be able to:
15.1 Understanding Minimum Viable 15.1.1 define Minimum Viable Product (MVP); *
Product (MVP) and Business Ideas 15.1.2 explain the key characteristics of a successful MVP; *
15.1.3 differentiate between MVP and prototype; *
15.1.4 explain the riskiest assumption (Business Model); *
15.1.5 apply the principles of MVP development to design a simple A
prototype for a specific user need;
15.1.6 analyse the process of designing a test using an MVP; An
15.1.7 analyse case studies of successful businesses that created their An
MVPs.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 37
Practical Activities of AKU-EB HSSC Computer Science Syllabus
Student Learning Outcomes

Content Covered Actions Performed Attitude Developed

 Introduction to Hypertext Markup  Follow the procedure provided in the Lab  Ensure safety of yourself, others around
Language (HTML) Guidelines. you, and your surroundings.
 Designing Webpage: Text Formatting  Start the computer to perform the task.  Demonstrate a computational mindset by
 Designing Webpage: Creating List  Perform the task with the help of the given asking questions.
 Designing Webpage: Images and method.  Display ethical dealings and practices
Background  Execute simple programs using a selected while performing task.
 Programming Basics (JavaScript) programming language.  Show willingness to solve problems and
 Operators in JavaScript  Demonstrate cybersecurity principles to challenges.
 I/O Functions in JavaScript ensure safe data handling, secure  Show self-reliance and cooperation when
 Conditional (Selection) Control Structure authentication, and protection from working independently and in a group
 Loop Structure malware. setting respectively.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 38
Topic-Wise Practical Activities
Part I (Grade XI)

S. No Practical Activity Equipment Software

Topic 3: Programming Fundamentals (Python)

1. Write a Python program to use single-line and multiple-line comments.

2. Write a Python program to use different data types.

3. Write a Python program to demonstrate the eval( ) function.

Write a Python program to display a message and the value of the variable using the print( )
4.
statement.
Write a Python program for taking input during the execution of a program using the input( )
5.
statement. Computer Python IDE
6. Write a Python program using arithmetic operators.

7. Write a Python program using bitwise operators.

8. Write a Python program using comparison (relational) operators.

9. Write a Python program using logical operators.

10. Write a Python program for each if, if-else, and if-elif-else statement.

11. Write a Python program using a nested if statement.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 39
 12. Write a Python program using the pass statement.

13. Write a Python program that uses a for loop.

14. Write a Python program that uses a while loop. Computer Python IDE

15. Write a Python program that uses break statement.

16. Write a Python program that uses the continue statement.

17. Write a Python program that uses exit( ) function.

18. Write a Python program using a nested for loop.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 40
Part II (Grade XII)

S. No Practical Activity Equipment Software

Topic 10: Programming Fundamentals (Python)

1. Write a Python program involving a user-defined function.

Write a Python program to invoke a user-defined function and pass arguments by constant,
2.
value, and reference.
3. Write a Python program to demonstrate the return statement.
Write a Python program that defines a class with data members and member functions. In the
4.
main( ) function, create objects of the class and use them to call its member functions.
Write a Python program in which class members are accessible wherever the object is visible
5. Computer Python IDE
(public access specifier).
6. Write the basic syntax of inheritance using the base class and the derived class.

7. Write a Python program to create, add, modify, and remove items in a list.
Write a Python program that stores numeric values in a one-dimensional list using a for loop
8.
and find the highest, lowest, average, and search for a value.

9. Write a Python program to find a value in a list.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 41
 10. Write a Python program to construct and retrieve values from a dictionary.

11. Write a Python program to find a value in a dictionary using the key value.

12. Write a Python program that creates and writes data to a file.
Computer Python IDE
13. Write a Python program that reads and appends data to the file .

Write a Python program that writes and reads data to the file program involving user defined
14.
function to calculate average of numbers.

Topic 10: Introduction to Database and SQL

15. Construct a database and tables using MS SQL .

Apply SELECT statement with clauses: Computer MS SQL
16. a. WHERE,
b. Order by.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 42
 Annexure A: List of Acronyms and Their Full Forms
Acronym Full Form
NAND NOT AND
NOR NOT OR
XOR Exclusive OR

XNOR Exclusive NOT OR

POS Product of sum

SOP Sum of Product

SDLC System Development Life Cycle

SaaS Software as a Service

PaaS Platform as a Service
IaaS Infrastructure as a Service

DoS Denial of Service

DDoS Distributed Denial of Service

IDE Integrated Development Environment
Pdb Python Debugger

IoT Internet of things

WSN Wireless Sensor Network

BDA Big Data Analytics

AI Artificial Intelligence
HCI Human Computer Interaction

OOP Object Oriented Programming

DBMS Database Management System

RDBMS Relational Database Management System

SQL Structured Query Language

1NF First Normal Form

2NF Second Normal Form

3NF Third Normal Form

DML Data Manipulation Language

DDL Data Definition Language

DCL Data Control Language

TCL Transaction Control Language

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 43
 Acronym Full Form
DQL Data Query Language

ML Machine Learning

ANOVA Analysis of Variance

ROC Receiver Operating Characteristic
RMSE Root Mean Square Error

WAP Wireless Access Point

2FA Two-Factor Authentication

MFA Multifactor Authentication

IDS Intrusion Detection System

SSL Secure Sockets Layer

TSL Transport Layer Security
IPsec Internet Protocol Security
SSH Secure Shell

HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol

HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
FTPS File Transfer Protocol Secure
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol

MVP Minimum Viable Product

TCP/ IP Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol

IPv4 Internet Protocol Version 4
IPv6 Internet Protocol Version 6

Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 44
 Annexure B: Examples of Python Programming
Selection Statement
1. Generate a marksheet of students based on inputted marks of different subjects.
2. Show whether a number is positive, negative or zero.
3. Find the maximum and minimum values from inputted numbers.
4. Show whether a number is even or odd.
5. Generate the utility bill based on charges allocated to each unit range. The bill
should contain the meter number and the name of the consumer.
6. Identify the palindrome in the inputted string.
Loops
1. Generate a number series (even, odd, prime, Fibonacci, etc.) by taking the
starting and ending point input.
2. Generate the sum of the series using loops.
3. Generate a table of any inputted number.
4. Calculate the factorial of any inputted number.
5. Print pyramid, rectangle, square, or any other geometrical shape using
nestedloops.
6. Input multiple values using a loop and calculate the average, maximum, or
minimum value using a selection statement.
7. Calculate the number of characters and vowels in an inputted string.
8. Reverse an inputted string.
Functions and Classes
1. Write a user-defined function to perform basic arithmetic operations, i.e.,
add, subtract, multiply, and divide.
2. Write a user-defined function to calculate the area of a circle, triangle,
parallelogram or any other geometrical shape.
3. Write a user defined function to calculate area and volume of cylinder, sphere,
cube, and different geometrical shapes.
4. Write a user-defined function to calculate the average of numbers.
5. Write a user-defined function to calculate the factorial of a given number.
6. Write Python programs to define the classes and objects and call them.
7. Write Python programs to show the concept of inheritance.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 45
 Scheme of Assessment
Grade XI
Table 1: Exam Specification

Topic
Topics Marks Distribution Total
No.
Marks
MCQs CRQs ERQs
Total 9 Marks
1. Computing Systems 8 17
(3 CRQs)
Total 3 Marks
2. Computational Thinking & 8 11
Algorithm (1 CRQ)

7 Marks
Total 6 Marks
3. Programming Fundamentals 13 Choose any 26
(Python) (2 CRQs) ONE from
TWO
Total 3 Marks
4. Data and Analysis 3 06
(1 CRQ)

5. Applications of Computer 7 7 Marks

Science
Choose any 21
ONE from
6. Impacts of Computing 7 TWO

7. Digital Literacy 4 04

Total 50 21 14 85
Practical* 15
Total 100

Note: The cognitive distribution of marks for Computer Science HSSC are as follows
Remember: 0 to 10 %
Understand: 40 to 60%
Apply and beyond: 25 to 35 %

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 46
 Grade XII
Table 2: Exam Specification

Topic
Topics Marks Distribution Total
No.
Marks
MCQs CRQs ERQs
8. 7 Total 3 Marks 10
Computing Systems
(1 CRQ)

Computational Thinking & Total 3 Marks

9. 8 11
Algorithm (1 CRQ)

7 Marks
Programming Fundamentals Total 9 Marks Choose any
10. 10 26
(Python) (3 CRQs) ONE from
TWO
Total 3 Marks
11. Data and Analysis 7 10
(1 CRQ)

12. Applications of Computer 5 7 Marks

Science
Choose any 22
Total 3 Marks ONE from
13. Impacts of Computing 7
(1 CRQ) TWO

14. Digital Literacy 3 03

15. Entrepreneurship in the 3 03

Digital Age
Total 50 21 14 85
Practical* 15
Total 100

Note: The cognitive distribution of marks for Computer Science HSSC are as follows
Remember: 0 to 10 %
Understand: 40 to 60%
Apply and beyond: 25 to 35 %










Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 47
 Examination Structure and Practical Requirements for Grades XI and XII

Theory:

 Multiple Choice Question (MCQ) requires candidates to choose one best/ correct
answer from four options for each question. Each MCQ carries ONE mark.
 Constructed Response Question (CRQ) requires students to respond with a short
text (few phrases/ sentences), calculations or diagrams.
 Extended Response Question (ERQ) requires students to answer in a more
descriptive form. The answer should be in paragraph form, with diagrams where
needed, and address all parts of the question.
 Table 1 and 2 contain the marks distribution for each topic.
 There will be two examinations, one at the end of grade XI and one at the end of
grade XII.
 In each grade, the theory paper will be of 3 hours and will consist of two parts:
paper I and paper II.
 Paper I theory will consist of 50 compulsory, multiple choice items. These
questions will involve four response options. The answer sheet for paper I will be
provided separately.
 Paper II theory will carry 35 marks and consists of Constructed Response
Questions (CRQs) and Extended Response Questions (ERQs). Each extended
response question will be presented in an either/ or form.
 The booklet for paper II will serve as an answer script.

Practical:

 In each grade, a practical examination (Paper III) will be conducted separate from
the theory paper and will consist of 15 marks.
 Practical examination (Paper III) will be based on the list of practical activities
given in the examination syllabus. Schools may design their practical manuals
based on these activities for teaching and learning purposes.
 A practical journal/ portfolio should be developed by students and endorsed by a
figure of authority, such as a teacher or principal, and submitted at the time of the
practical examination (Paper III).
 Each school needs to equip its computer lab with updated IT equipment, internet,
etc., according to the requirements of the practical activities. Each school will be
responsible for making sure that each student is provided the opportunity to do
the practical activities.

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 48
 Acknowledgements
Aga Khan University Examination Board (AKU-EB) would like to acknowledge the
contributions of all those who played an important part in the revision of the AKU-EB HSSC
Computer Science syllabus.
We would like to thank Syed Muhammad Waqas, Specialist in Computer Science at
AKU-EB, for taking the subject lead during the entire process of revising the HSSC Computer
Science syllabus.
We are particularly thankful to the syllabus revision panel for their time, commitment and
effort in revising the syllabus. The panel included:

 Sobia Zeeshan
Principal Syllabus Reviewer
Bai Virbaiji Soparivala Parsi High School, Karachi
 Syed Manzoor Mehmood
Principal Syllabus Reviewer
Aga Khan Higher Secondary School, Karimabad, Karachi & Shahwilayat Public
School (Campus II), Karachi
 Syed Owais Ahmed
Principal Syllabus Reviewer
Habib Public School, Karachi
 Asharib Ali
Panellist
Sir Adam Jee Institute of Management and Sciences, Karachi
 Hussain Zohaib
Panellist
Saifiyah Boys High School & Saifiyah Higher Secondary College, Karachi
 Irfan Abdullah
Panellist
Aga Khan Higher Secondary School, Karimabad, Karachi
 Rana Farooqui
Panellist
The Mama Parsi Girls’ Secondary School
 Sumaira Farhan
Panellist
PECHS Girls' School, Karachi
We also thank the following post-revision reviewers for their feedback on the relevance of
the content, skills, and resources of the syllabus:
 Muhammad Umair Ayub
Non-Panellist
IBAGRADS Intermediate Program, N. Nazimabad, Karachi
 Syed Faizan Fahim
Non-Panellist
The Taurus School, Karachi

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 49
 Furthermore, we thank the following for reviewing the syllabus for Higher Education
Preparedness, ensuring that the syllabus includes adequate skills and content to effectively
prepare students for the next level of education.

 Mr. Saqib Noor

Lecturer, Computer Science Department, Aligarh Institute of Technology, Karachi

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 50
 In-house Team
 Mentor and Advisor:
Dr Naveed Yousuf
CEO, AKU-EB
 Operational Advisor:
Hanif Shariff
Director, AKU-EB
 Syllabi Review Lead:
Raabia Hirani
Former Manager, Curriculum Development
 Syllabi Review Facilitators:
Dur Nasab, Associate, Curriculum Development
Mahrukh Jiwa, Specialist, Middle School Programme
 Internal Reviewer:
Zain-ul-Muluk, Manager, Examination Development
Afreen Kanwal, Lead Specialist, Examination Development
 Learning Resources Reviewer:
Ali Bijani, Manager, Teacher Support, and team
 Assessment Reviewer:
Munira Muhammad, Lead Specialist, Assessment
 Administrative Support:
Raheel Sadruddin, Manager, Administration, and team
 School Coordination Support:
Danish Hussain, Senior Manager, Operations, and team
 Syllabi Feedback Data Analysts:
Muhammad Faheem, Lead Specialist, Assessment
Muhammad Kamran Afzal, Specialist, Assessment
 Communications and Design Support:
Shanoz Aqnazarbekova, Manager, Communications
Hatim Yousuf, Specialist, Communications
 Quality Assurance:
Malik Azam, Manager and team
 Data Compilation and Formatting:
Shamsa Farzand Ali, Former Assistant, AKU-EB
Ali Jumani, Assistant, AKU-EB
Riyan Ali, Assistant, AKU-EB
Akber Hashmani, Specialist, Assessment, AKU-EB

Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 51
Aga Khan University Examination Board Computer Science HSSC Syllabus 2025 52