1. What is a computer network?
Answer: A computer network is a group of interconnected computers that share resources and
information.
2. What are the types of networks?
Answer: LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN
3. What is IP address?
Answer: An IP address is a unique number assigned to each device connected to a network for
identification.
4. What is a MAC address?
Answer: A MAC address is a hardware address assigned to the network interface card (NIC).
5. What is the difference between IP and MAC address?
Answer: IP address is logical and can change; MAC address is physical and permanent.
6. What is DNS?
Answer: DNS converts domain names into IP addresses.
7. What is DHCP?
Answer: DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses to devices on a network.
8. What is a router?
Answer: A router connects different networks and directs data packets.
9. What is a switch?
Answer: A switch connects multiple devices in a network and uses MAC addresses to forward data.
10. What is a hub?
Answer: A hub broadcasts data to all devices in a network.
11. Difference between switch and hub?
Answer: Switch is smart and sends data to specific devices, hub broadcasts to all.
12. What is subnetting?
Answer: Subnetting divides a network into smaller sub-networks.
13. What is a firewall?
Answer: A firewall monitors and controls network traffic.
14. What is TCP/IP?
Answer: A suite of protocols used for communication over networks.
15. What is OSI model?
Answer: A framework of 7 layers for data communication.
16. List the 7 layers of the OSI model.
Answer: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.
17. What is the purpose of the physical layer?
Answer: It deals with the physical connection (cables, voltages, etc.).
18. What is the function of the data link layer?
Answer: It handles MAC addressing and error detection.
19. What is the network layer responsible for?
Answer: Routing and IP addressing.
20. What does the transport layer do?
Answer: Ensures complete and error-free data transfer.
21. What is TCP?
Answer: Connection-oriented protocol ensuring reliable data transmission.
22. What is UDP?
Answer: Connectionless protocol, faster but no guarantee of delivery.
23. Difference between TCP and UDP?
Answer: TCP is reliable and slower; UDP is faster and unreliable.
24. What is port number?
Answer: Identifies specific services/processes on a device.
25. What is the default port for HTTPS?
Answer: Port 443.
26. What is a packet?
Answer: A small chunk of data sent over a network.
27. What is ping?
Answer: A command to test network connectivity.
28. What is traceroute?
Answer: Shows the path a packet takes to reach its destination.
29. What is NAT?
Answer: Maps private IPs to a public IP for internet access.
30. What is VPN?
Answer: Provides secure access to a network over the internet.
31. What is bandwidth?
Answer: The maximum rate of data transfer.
32. What is latency?
Answer: The delay in data transfer.
33. What is throughput?
Answer: The actual rate of successful data transfer.
34. What is a proxy server?
Answer: Acts as an intermediary between client and internet.
35. What is IP spoofing?
Answer: Creating IP packets with a false source address.
36. What is ARP?
Answer: Maps IP addresses to MAC addresses.
37. What is RARP?
Answer: Maps MAC addresses to IP addresses.
38. What is a VLAN?
Answer: A logical grouping of devices.
39. What is a DMZ in networking?
Answer: Adds extra security between public and internal networks.
40. What is ICMP?
Answer: Used to send error messages in network communication.
41. What is a socket?
Answer: An endpoint for sending/receiving data.
42. What is encapsulation?
Answer: Wrapping data with protocol information.
43. What is decapsulation?
Answer: Removing headers/trailers to retrieve original data.
44. What is wireless networking?
Answer: Communication using radio waves instead of cables.
45. What is an SSID?
Answer: The name of a wireless network.
46. What is Wi-Fi?
Answer: Wireless networking using IEEE 802.11 standards.
47. Difference between modem and router?
Answer: Modem connects to ISP; router shares the internet.
48. Purpose of the session layer?
Answer: Manages sessions between applications.
49. What is the presentation layer responsible for?
Answer: Handles data translation and encryption.
50. What does the application layer do?
Answer: Provides services like HTTP, FTP, SMTP.
