1.
to create a directory(folder)
#mkdir directoryname(folder name)
2. to create multiple folder(directory ) at time
#mkdir folder1(folder name) folder2(folder name) folder3(folder name)
3. to create branch folder
#mkdir -p /foldername/foldername/foldername
4. to create multiple folder in a folder
#mkdir -p /folder1/{folder2,folder3}/{folder4,folder5}
5. to delete a empty directory(folder)
#rmdir directoryname(foldername)
6. to delete a directory with content
#rm -rf directoryname(foldername)
7.to create a blank file
#touch filename
8. to create a file .
#cat>filename
write any thing
ctrl+c(to save)
9.to create file in graphics mode
#gedit filename
type anything and save
10. to create or edit a file
#nano filename
write anything
ctrl+O(to save)
ctrl+x( to exit)
11. to create or edit file
vi/vim(visual editor/advance visual editor) command is used to create file
vi command operate in 3 modes
a)command mode:- to run some command
b)insert mode :- to type or write anything
c)execute mode:- to save and exit from a file
#vi filename
command mode
:se nu( to set line number)
:2( to move the cursor to that line)
/wordname (to serach a word)
:%s/old word name/new word name/g ( to find and replace a word)
yy( to copy a single line)
3yy( to copy 3 line from cursor)
p( to pase one time)
4p( to paste 4 time)
dd( to delete single line)
3dd( to delete 3 line)
x( to delete single character)
5x( to delete multiple character)
to move the cursor
l(to move right side)
h(to move left side)
k(to move upward)
j(to move downward)
inset mode
press i or insert key
esc (to exit from insert mode)
execute mode
:q( to quit without saving file)
:q!( to quit without saving forcefully)
:w( to save and remain in the edit mode)
:wq( to save and quit)
:wq!( to save and quit forcefully)
12. to delete a file
#rm filename
press y for confirmation
13. to see list of file and folder
#ls( to see only name of file and folder)
#ls -l ( to see the list of file and folder with details)
#ls -lh( to see the list of file and folder in human readable size format)
#ls -lhi( to see the list of file and folder in human readable format with inode
number)
13.to change directory
#cd foldername ( to enter into a directory)
#cd .. ( to exit from a folder)
#cd ../.. ( to exit 2 folder)
#cd - ( to go to previous location)
#cd ~ ( to go to home directory)
14. to know to present directory location
#pwd( present working directory)
15. to copy file
cp file2(file name) /data(destination location)
if you want to copy a file but save with different name
cp file2(file name) /data/file3(destination with new file name)
to copy all files from a folder
cp foldername/* /data(destination location)
16.to move a file
mv /root/Desktop/a(file name with path) /data(destination location)
17. to rename a file
mv oldfilename newfilename
18.to backup a file
tar -cvf(copy verbose file) /data/file3.tar(backup file name) file3(filename)
19 to restore file
tar -xvf(extract verbose file) /data/file3.tar(backup file name)
20.to compress a file
bzip2 filename
or
gzip filename
21. to uncompress a file
bunzip2 file2.bz2(compress filename)
or
gunzip file2.gz(compress file name)
22. to count the number of line ,word and character in a file
wc filename
wc -l filename (to count line number)
wc -w filename (to count word number)
wc -c filename (to count character number)
23. to shutdown
init 0
or
poweroff
24. to restart
init 6
or
reboot
25. to logoff
logout
or
press CTRL+d
26.to see the list of used commands
history
27.to see the list of currentaly login user to all terminal
who
or
w
28.to see the current user login to the terminal where currentaly working
who am i
29.to get a help about command
command name(mkdir) --help
or
man commandname(mkdir)
