Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

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Questions
Q1.

Prop-2-en-1-ol is an unsaturated alcohol with the structure shown.

A student planned to use bond enthalpy data to calculate a value for the enthalpy change of
combustion of prop-2-en-1-ol.

(i) When researching the bond enthalpy data, the student claimed that it was not necessary
to find the value for the C=C
bond as they could use the value for a C–C bond and multiply it by two.
Explain why the student is incorrect.
(2)
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(ii) Calculate a value for the enthalpy of combustion of prop-2-en-1-ol using the data shown.

C3H6O(g) + 4O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 3H2O(g)

(3)
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(iii) Explain, in terms of entropy, why the combustion of prop-2-en-1-ol is always feasible in
the gaseous state.
(2)
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(Total for question = 7 marks)

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Q2.

This question is about entropy.

Some hydrated barium hydroxide is added to ammonium thiocyanate in a flask which is

placed on a few drops of water on a wooden block. After the addition, the contents are
stirred and then the flask can be lifted up with the wooden block attached, as shown.

The equation for the reaction is

Ba(OH)2·8H2O(s) + 2NH4SCN(s) → Ba(SCN)2(aq) + 2NH3(g) + 10H2O(l)

(i) Give two reasons why you would expect to be positive.

(2)
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(ii) Explain why the wooden block is lifted up by the flask.

(2)
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(Total for question = 4 marks)

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Q3.

Ethyl ethanoate is an ester.

One method for the formation of ethyl ethanoate is the reaction between ethanol and
ethanoic acid, which is catalysed by hydrogen ions.

CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O

An incomplete simplified mechanism for this reaction is shown.

(i) Add curly arrows and relevant lone pairs of electrons to complete the mechanism.
(4)

(ii) In an experiment, the oxygen atom in ethanol is replaced by the oxygen-18 isotope, 18O.
The products of the esterification are

Label the 18O oxygen atom in one of the products.

Justify your answer.
(2)
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(iii) Calculate the standard molar entropy of ethyl ethanoate using your knowledge of Gibbs
free energy, ΔG,
and the data in the table.
Include sign and units in your answer.
Use ΔG = −RT ln K and other appropriate equations.

(6)

(Total for question = 12 marks)

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Q4.

This question is about enthalpy changes and entropy changes.

Calcium carbonate decomposes on heating.

CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)

Show, by calculating the value for the free energy change, ΔG, that this decomposition is not
feasible at 298 K, and then calculate the minimum temperature to which calcium carbonate
must be heated to make it decompose.
(3)

(Total for question = 3 marks)

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Q5.

Sodium hydride, NaH, can be used to generate hydrogen for fuel cells.

The equation for the formation of sodium hydride is

The standard entropy change of the system, for this reaction is –76.5 J K–1 mol–1.

(i) Deduce the feasibility of this reaction at 298 K by calculating the free energy change, ΔG.
(2)

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(ii) Calculate the temperature at which ΔG = 0.

(1)

(Total for question = 3 marks)

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Q6.

Chemists are researching a process to make ethanol and ethene directly from carbon
dioxide and water.
4CO2(g) + 5H2O(l) → CH3CH2OH(l) + C2H4(g) + 6O2(g) = +2778 kJ mol−1

Calculate for the reaction and hence determine whether the reaction is feasible
under standard conditions.
(5)

(Total for question = 5 marks)

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Q7.

This question is about entropy and free energy.

Complete the table by giving the sign of the entropy change of the system, ΔSsystem , for each
reaction.
(2)

(Total for question = 2 marks)

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Q8.

This question is about entropy and free energy.

Sulfur dioxide reacts with oxygen to form sulfur trioxide.

The standard molar entropy values at 298 K are given in the table.

(i) Calculate the entropy change of the system, ΔSsystem , for the forward reaction.
Include a sign and units in your answer.

(2)

(ii) Calculate the free energy change, ΔG, at 298 K and hence deduce whether the reaction
is feasible.
(3)

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(iii) In industry, the reaction is carried out at about 700 K using a vanadium(V) oxide
catalyst.
Calculate the value of the equilibrium constant, K, at 700 K.
ΔG at 700 K is –60 kJ mol−1
(3)

(iv) The equilibrium constant has a larger value at 298 K than at 700 K.
Explain why the reaction is carried out at 700 K and not at 298 K.
(2)
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(Total for question = 10 marks)

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Q9.

This question is about the white solid barium carbonate.

Barium carbonate decomposes under suitable conditions to form barium oxide and carbon
dioxide.

Standard molar entropy data related to this reaction are shown.

(i) Show that barium carbonate is thermally stable at 298 K, using the data in the equation
and in the table.
(5)

(ii) Calculate the lowest temperature, in °C, at which it is thermodynamically

feasible for barium carbonate to decompose.
Give your answer to three significant figures.
(3)

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]

Q10.

* A student wrote:

Discuss this statement.

Include reference to:

• changes in the values and signs of the terms in the equation for both endothermic and
exothermic reactions
• circumstances where a reaction that is predicted to be thermodynamically feasible may
not occur in practice.
(6)

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]

Q11.

This question is about entropy and free energy.

Calculate the total entropy change, ΔStotal , for the thermal decomposition of calcium
carbonate at 298 K.

(3)

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]

Mark Scheme
Q1.
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Q2.
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Q3.
Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]
Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]

Q4.

Q5.
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Q6.

Q7.
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Q8.
Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]
Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]
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Q9.
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Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]
Edexcel Chemistry A-level - Entropy [Link]

Q10.
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Q11.