Lesson 6
Paraphrasing vs. Quoting
English for Academic and Professional Purposes
Senior High School Applied - Academic
There might
be times when
you’ll feel that
the author’s
own words
must be used
in your writing.
What else can
be done, aside
from
paraphrasing?
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 2
● Properly quote a passage using
Learning correct citations.
Objectives ● Differentiate paraphrasing and
At the end of the quoting.
lesson, you should
be able to do the ● Identify when to paraphrase
following:
and when to quote.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 33
1. Why do we need to use
quotations?
Essential
2. How do we decide when to
Questions
paraphrase and when to
quote?
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What Is Quoting?
Quoting involves taking what the author
said and repeating it word-for-word. This
method is usually used for phrases or short
sentences.
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What is Quoting?
Example 1
“Darwin, it was believed, had simply
discovered a new law of nature designed by
God” (van Wyhe, 2011).
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What Is Quoting?
Example 2
Susan Schulten said that “[i]nfographics flood
the web, driven by accessible platforms that
instantly translate information into a variety
of graphic forms.” (2020).
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Remember
Forgetting any of the elements of
quoting could result in
plagiarism. Be careful when using
quotations!
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When to Quote
When writing your paper, you may decide to
use quoting instead of paraphrasing. Here
are a number of instances wherein you can
use quotes:
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 9
When to Quote
● The author’s words already convey a
powerful meaning.
● You think you can no longer word the
information any better or simpler.
● You want to introduce the author’s stand
using his or her own words.
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When to Quote
● You want to show concrete evidence to
support your claims.
● You want to highlight a particularly striking
sentence the author wrote.
● You want to make sure your readers know
the words are not your own.
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How to Quote
When you want to use a quotation in your
writing, always remember to introduce, cite,
and explain the quotation you will be using.
This technique is called the ICE method.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 12
How to Quote
Introduce
To introduce a quotation in your writing,
make sure to mention the author’s full or last
name, any significant or necessary
background information, and a signal verb.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 13
How to Quote
Cite
Follow the expected format when you are
quoting. The copied text should be enclosed
in quotation marks and should follow its
original capitalization and punctuation marks.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 14
How to Quote
You can edit a quotation minimally to make
the transition between your writing and the
source material look seamless. Since we are
using the APA guidelines, you must follow
these rules:
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 15
How to Quote
● If you want to insert your own words inside a
quotation, put them in square brackets ( [ ] ).
For example:
“The activities in the [midyear] workshop were
informative,” according to the teacher.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 16
How to Quote
● If you want to change the capitalization of
the word in a quotation, use square
brackets.
For example:
The teacher stated that “[t]he activities in
the workshop were informative.”
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How to Quote
● If you want to remove words in the middle
of a quotation, use ellipses (. . .).
For example:
“The activities . . . were informative,”
according to the teacher.
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How to Quote
● If you want to emphasize something in a
quotation, place the words in italics, and
state that the emphasis is your own.
For example:
“The activities . . . were informative
[emphasis added],” according to the
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 19
How to Quote
Explain
Do not forget to explain the quotations that
you used. Back up the quote with your own
words, explanations, and reasoning.
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How to Quote
● What is the message of the quote?
● What does the quote add to the points that
I am trying to make?
● Why is it important that I use this quote?
● What am I trying to prove with this quote?
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 21
How to Quote
Example
In their essay, “Filling in the Blanks,” Morris
and Carmichael said that “[b]otany and
painting were favored pursuits of genteel
men and women in [the 1600s],” so many
botany books had pictures that readers could
paint.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 22
Paraphrasing vs. Quoting
● Quoting is used with shorter phrases or
sentences.
● Quoting is recommended when you want
to make sure the original idea of the
author is introduced as is.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 23
Paraphrasing vs. Quoting
● Paraphrasing is effective for longer
sentences or a group of sentences.
● Paraphrasing is suitable for elaborating on
the author’s main idea by explaining it in
your own words.
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Paraphrasing vs. Quoting
Paraphrasing and quoting are often used
together. Use paraphrased sentences after a
quotation to reinforce the author’s ideas with
your own words and insights.
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Tips: When to Paraphrase and When to Quote
● Always determine your purpose for including
the external text. This is the most essential
way to determine whether you will
paraphrase or quote.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 26
Tips: When to Paraphrase and When to Quote
● Ask yourself the following questions:
○ Is it more beneficial to my text to present the
external text in the author’s words or in mine?
○ Will an exact quotation enhance my point rather
than replace it? (If the answer is no, paraphrase
instead.)
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 27
Tips: When to Paraphrase and When to Quote
● Although quoting is normally used for shorter texts
while paraphrasing is used for longer, the length of the
text is secondary to its purpose. If you feel that
quoting a long piece of text is absolutely necessary for
your needs, then you may do so. Keep in mind that
you must still explain the quotation afterward.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 28
Read the two sentences on the following
slide. Turn one into a quotation and another
into a paraphrase.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 29
It was Elsie who had painted watercolor
fairies, stuck them to hatpins, and arranged
them in the foliage in front of Frances. It
was Elsie who, using a complicated, old-
Source Text fashioned camera to take her first-ever
photo, managed to capture the strange,
haunting image that would go down in
history as the first Cottingley Fairy
Photograph.
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 30
Questions
1. What is a possible consequence of
misquoting?
2. What is the difference between quoting
and paraphrasing?
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 31
If we make any kind of mistake
when quoting the author’s words,
we might be accused of plagiarism
● Quoting –used to introduce the author’s
words as is
● Paraphrasing –used to show our
understanding of the author’s words
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 32
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Question
How can using both paraphrasing and
quoting improve your writing?
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● Quoting can be used to identify the
author’s main idea that is useful to the
arguments in your writing
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 34
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● Paraphrased passages can be used to both
show your understanding of the text and
its main idea as well as provide evidence
for your arguments and that is why the
main idea can support your own points
ENGAGE EXPLORE EXPLAIN EXTEND EVALUATE 35
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Wrap Up
Quoting is repeating what the author
said word-for-word but with proper
citations.
When quoting, follow the ICE Method.
● Introduction
● Cite
● Explain 36
Wrap Up
While quoting and paraphrasing are
applied to different situations, they
can often be used in tandem to
explain and defend your points better.
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“Quoting and Paraphrasing.” The Writing Center University of Wisconsin-
Madison. Accessed February 7, 2020.
https://writing.wisc.edu/handbook/assignments/quotingsources/.
“Quoting, Paraphrasing, & Summarizing.” Ashford Writing Center. Accessed
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paraphrasing-summarizing.
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