G.D.

GOENKA PUBLIC SCHOOL, SILIGURI

EVOLUTION BOARD
Class 12 - Biology
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100
Section A
1. Closely related species varying different in traits expresses: [1]

a) Both Convergent evolution and Divergent b) Parallel evolution

evolution

c) Convergent evolution d) Divergent evolution

2. Which theory explains the origin of the universe: [1]

a) Lamarck theory b) Big bang theory

c) Molecular theory d) Darwin theory

3. Animal population within which interbreeding occurs is called: [1]

a) Genus b) Species

c) Family d) Class

4. Which was not present in primitive atmosphere? [1]

a) Free oxygen b) Water

c) Methane d) Ammonia
 5. Appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an example of: [1]

a) adaptive radiation b) divergent evolution

c) transduction d) pre-existing variation in the population

6. Reproductive isolation between segments of a single population is called: [1]

a) Disruptive divergence b) Population divergence

c) Sympatry d) Allopatry

7. The single-step large mutation is called: [1]

a) Organization b) Saltation

c) Regeneration d) Evolution

8. Phylogenetic system of classification was proposed by: [1]

a) Linnaeus b) Oswald Tippo

c) Lamarck d) Hutchinson

9. As per geological time scale, hominids evolved during: [1]

a) Oligocene b) Miocene

c) Pleistocene d) Pliocene

10. Two geographical regions, separated by high mountain ranges are: [1]

a) Nearctic and Palaearctic b) Neotropical and Ethiopian

c) Oriental and Australian d) Palaearctic and Oriental

11. The Biogenetic law of Haeckel is: [1]

a) Peking man b) Omnis cellula-e-cellula

c) Ontogeny repeats phylogeny d) Omnis vivum-e-vivum

12. Evolution of modern man is most interesting and appears parallel evolution of: [1]

a) Body height and weight b) Human brain and height

c) Human brain and language d) Height and body hairs

13. Evolutionary history of an organism is known as: [1]

a) Ontogeny b) Palaeontology

c) Phylogeny d) Ancestory

14. Tendril of Cucurbita and thorns of Bougainvillea are: [1]

a) Both Homologous organs and Analogous b) Homologous organs

organs

c) Vestigial organs d) Analogous organs

15. Cranial-cavity of modern man is: [1]

a) 900-1000 cc3 b) 450-650 cc3

c) 600-900 cc3 d) 1200-1600 cc3

16. A connecting link which provides evidence for organic evolution is: [1]
 a) Duck billed platypus between reptiles & b) Archaeopteryx between reptile and bird
mammals

c) Lung fishes between fishes and reptiles d) Sphenodon between reptile and bird

17. Assertion (A): Cro-magnon man has more intelligence than the man of present time. [1]
Reason (R): He is regarded as most recent ancestor of today’s man.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

18. Assertion (A): Weismann discarded the transmission of acquired characters theory given by Lamarck. [1]
Reason (R): He put the theory of continuity of germplasm.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

19. Assertion (A): Nature selects only adapted organisms. [1]

Reason (R): These adapted organisms may form different species.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

20. Assertion: When the frequency of allele of a gene measured in a population and it differs from expected values, the [1]
difference (direction) indicates the extent of evolutionary change.
Reason: Change of frequency of alleles in a population would be interpreted as evolution.
 a) Assertion and reason both are correct b) Assertion and reason both are correct
statements and reason is correct explanation statements but reason is not correct
for assertion. explanation for assertion.

c) Assertion is correct statement but reason is d) Assertion is wrong statement but reason is
wrong statement. correct statement.

21. Assertion (A): Organic evolution explains that new species originated from pre-existing life forms and there is gradual [1]
variation in trait to adjust in particular habitats.
Reason (R): Existing living forms share similarities to various degrees among themselves and also with life forms that existed
millions of years ago.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

22. Assertion (A): Australopithecus is called African ape-man. [1]

Reason (R): It had both human as well as ape characters.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct
explanation of A. explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

23. What do you mean by parallel evolution? [1]

24. Man descended from monkeys. Do you agree? [1]

25. How is the study of fossils an evidence of evolution of life forms which have taken place on the Earth? Explain giving two [1]
reasons.

26. What is Palaeontology? [1]

 Section B
27. The graphs given below, A and B, represent population of elephants in two different National Parks (a hypothetical [2]
situation) at different times.

Study the graphs and comment upon the pattern of growth observed. Mention the possible reason for such patterns seen in
nature.

28. a. Name the two primate ancestors of the present day humans, who existed approximately about 15 million years ago. [2]
b. According to geological records, when and where did Australopithecines live?
c. Give two differences between Homo habilis and Homo erectus.

29. A biologist is trying to infer how five closely related species of snakes are related to oneanother. She notices that some of [2]
the snakes have forked tongues and others do not. Which of the following would help her distinguish the ancestral state?

30. Explain the three different ways in which the natural selection operates. [2]

31. What do you mean by connecting links? Give one example. [2]

32. Enlist the main Points of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution. [2]

33. What does the comparison between the eyes of octopus and those of mammals indicate about their ancestry and [2]
evolution?

Section C
34. Refer the graph and answer the questions that follow: [3]

i. The graph depicts which type of natural selection?

ii. Explain the other two effects/types of natural selection.

35. Sweet potato tubers and potato tubers are the result of convergent evolution. Justify the statement. [3]

36. What are the main features of mutation theory? [3]

37. While creation and presence of variation are directionless, natural selection is directional as it is in the context of adaptation. [3]
Comment.

38. Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory. [3]

39. Who put forward the theory of natural selection? Explain the concept of differential reproduction as a major component of [3]
the theory of natural selection.

40. State Hardy-Weinberg Principle and give the algebraic equation for the distribution of genotypes. [3]

41. How would the gene flow or genetic drift affect the population? Do the population in which gene flow and genetic drift are [3]
operated obey Hardy Weinberg principle?

Section D
42. State whether the given statement is True or False: [4]

(i) Australopithecus was discovered from the rocks of Australia. [1]

(ii) Charles Darwin's theory of Natural selection was objected by Weismann's theory of continuity of germplasm. [1]

(iii) Neanderthal man had the largest sized cranial cavity. [1]
 (iv) The book Origin of life was written by Oparin and Haldane. [1]

43. Fill in the blanks: [4]

(i) The changes developed in an organism during its own life span due to environmental factors or use and disuse of organs [1]
are called ________.

(ii) Origin of short-legged Ancon sheep variety occurs by ________. [1]

(iii) Table showing sequence and duration of six biogeographic realms is called ________. [1]

(iv) Branch dealing with study of human evolution is called ________. [1]

44. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Five factors are known to affect Hardy - Weinberg equilibrium. These are gene migration or gene flow, genetic drift,
mutation, genetic recombination, and natural selection. When migration of a selection of population to another place and
population occurs, gene frequencies change in the original as well as in new population. New genes/alleles are added to a
new population and these are lost from old population. There would be a gene flow if this gene migration, happens multiple
times. If the same change occurs by chance, it is called genetic drift. Sometimes the change in allele frequency is so different
in new population that they become a different species. The original drifted population becomes founders and the effect is
called founder effect.
i. What is gene pool? (1)
ii. When does gene flow converted to genetic drift? (1)
iii. How there will be sudden change in allele frequency takes place, what are the factors lead to create such change? (2)
OR
What are the two perspectives on which Hardy Weinberg equilibrium is applicable, enumerate both of them? (2)

45. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The essence of Darwinian theory about evolution is natural selection. The rate of appearance of new forms is linked to the
life cycle or the life span. Microbes that divide fast have the ability to multiply and become millions of individuals within
hours. A colony of bacteria (say A) growing on a given medium has built in variation in terms of ability to utilize a feed
component. A change in the medium composition would bring out only that part of the population (say B) that can survive
 under the new conditions. In due course of time this variant population outgrows the others and appears as new species.
This would happen within days. For the same thing to happen in a fish or fowl would take millions of years as life spans of
these animals are in years. Here we say that fitness of ‘B’ is better than that of ‘A’ under the new conditions. Nature selects
for fitness. Fitness is based upon characteristics which are inherited. Hence there must be a genetic basis for getting
selected and evolve. Another way of saying the same thing is that some organisms `are better adapted to survive in a
hostile environment. Adaptive ability is inherited.
i. Life span is a factor of natural selection, justify. (1)
ii. How natural selection is invariably connected with speciation. (1)
iii. Few bacteria have exposure to new conditions, what is the probability of natural selection? (2)
OR
Is adaptive abilities inherited or not? (2)

Section E
46. a. How does the Hardy-Wienberg equation explain genetic equilibrium? [5]
b. Describe how this equilibrium is disturbed that may lead to founder effect.

47. You have studied the story of Pepper moths in England. Had the industries been removed, what impact could it have on the [5]
moth population? Discuss.

48. Observe the diagram given below of Darwin finches and answer the following questions: [5]
 i. Mention the specific geographical region, where these organisms found?
ii. Name and explain the phenomenon that has resulted in the evolution of such diverse species in the region.
iii. Which type of evolution is represented by the placental wolf and Tasmanian wolf sharing the same habitat.

49. According to Darwinian theory of natural selection the rate of appearance of new forms is linked to the life-cycle or the life- [5]
span of an organism. Explain with the help of an example.