AP® Statistics Cheat Sheet
At examples.com, we provide a comprehensive AP Statistics cheat sheet covering
essential topics like probability, sampling distributions, and regression models, designed
to help students excel in their exams.
Free AP Statistics Practice Test
Download AP Statistics Cheat sheet – Pdf
Unit 1: Exploring One-Variable Data
Variation in categorical and quantitative variables: Understand the difference
between categorical and quantitative data and how variation occurs in each.
Representing data using tables or graphs: Use tables, bar charts, histograms,
dot plots, and box plots to represent data visually.
Calculating and interpreting statistics: Calculate measures of central tendency
(mean, median, mode) and spread (range, IQR, standard deviation).
Describing and comparing distributions of data: Use terms like shape, center,
spread, and outliers to describe distributions.
The normal distribution: Recognize and use the properties of the normal
distribution, including empirical rule (68-95-99.7%).
Unit 2: Exploring Two-Variable Data
Comparing representations of 2 categorical variables: Use two-way tables and
segmented bar charts to compare categorical variables.
Calculating statistics for 2 categorical variables: Calculate and interpret
marginal and joint probabilities.
Representing bivariate quantitative data using scatter plots: Plot and
interpret scatter plots to explore relationships between two quantitative variables.
Describing associations in bivariate data and interpreting correlation:
Describe associations using direction, form, and strength; interpret the correlation
coefficient (r).
Linear regression models: Fit a linear model to data and interpret the slope and y-
intercept in context.
Residuals and residual plots: Analyze residuals to assess the fit of a linear model.
Departures from linearity: Identify and describe non-linear patterns in data.
Unit 3: Collecting Data
Planning a study: Develop a plan for collecting data, including defining the
population and sampling methods.
Sampling methods: Understand simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and
cluster sampling.
Sources of bias in sampling methods: Identify and describe potential biases,
including undercoverage, nonresponse, and voluntary response bias.
Designing an experiment: Distinguish between observational studies and
experiments; understand random assignment and control.
Interpreting the results of an experiment: Draw valid conclusions based on
experiment design, considering causality and generalizability.
Unit 4: Probability, Random Variables, and Probability
Distributions
Using simulation to estimate probabilities: Use random simulations to estimate
the likelihood of events.
Calculating the probability of a random event: Apply probability rules, including
addition and multiplication rules, to calculate event probabilities.
Random variables and probability distributions: Understand discrete and
continuous random variables and their probability distributions.
The binomial distribution: Recognize and apply the binomial probability formula.
The geometric distribution: Calculate probabilities using the geometric
distribution for trials until the first success.
Unit 5: Sampling Distributions
Variation in statistics for samples collected from the same population:
Understand how sample statistics vary and how they relate to the population
parameters.
The central limit theorem: Use the CLT to justify that sampling distributions of the
sample mean are approximately normal for large sample sizes.
Biased and unbiased point estimates: Distinguish between biased and unbiased
estimators.
Sampling distributions for sample proportions: Describe and calculate standard
error for sampling distributions of sample proportions.
Sampling distributions for sample means: Understand and calculate the
standard error for sampling distributions of sample means.
Unit 6: Inference for Categorical Data: Proportions
Constructing and interpreting a confidence interval for a population
proportion: Use sample data to construct confidence intervals for population
proportions.
Setting up and carrying out a test for a population proportion: Perform
hypothesis tests for population proportions, interpreting p-values correctly.
Interpreting a p-value and justifying a claim about a population proportion:
Use p-values to make decisions about population proportions.
Type I and Type II errors in significance testing: Understand and differentiate
between Type I and Type II errors.
Confidence intervals and tests for the difference of 2 proportions: Construct
and interpret confidence intervals and tests for comparing two population
proportions.
Unit 7: Inference for Quantitative Data: Means
Constructing and interpreting a confidence interval for a population mean:
Calculate confidence intervals for means using sample data.
Setting up and carrying out a test for a population mean: Conduct hypothesis
tests for population means.
Interpreting a p-value and justifying a claim about a population mean: Use
p-values to justify claims about population means.
Confidence intervals and tests for the difference of 2 population means:
Compare two population means using confidence intervals and hypothesis tests.
Unit 8: Inference for Categorical Data: Chi-Square
The chi-square test for goodness of fit: Test how well observed categorical data
fit an expected distribution.
The chi-square test for homogeneity: Compare distributions of categorical
variables across different populations.
The chi-square test for independence: Assess whether two categorical variables
are independent.
Selecting an appropriate inference procedure for categorical data: Choose
the correct test (goodness of fit, homogeneity, independence) based on the context.
Unit 9: Inference for Quantitative Data: Slopes
Confidence intervals for the slope of a regression model: Construct and
interpret confidence intervals for the slope of a regression line.
Setting up and carrying out a test for the slope of a regression model:
Perform hypothesis tests for the slope, interpreting the significance of the
relationship.
Selecting an appropriate inference procedure: Choose the right test or
confidence interval based on the data type and research question.
