SAHITYA CLASSES
UGC NET PAPER 1 TEST
ENVIRONMENT (UNIT-9)
1. Which of the following is a major greenhouse gas?
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon Dioxide
d) Hydrogen
2. The major cause of ozone layer depletion is:
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Methane
c) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
d) Sulphur dioxide
3. Sustainable development aims to:
a) Use resources with maximum exploitation
b) Maintain an ecological balance
c) Use resources only for industrial growth
d) Focus on short-term benefits
4. Which of the following pollutants is responsible for acid rain?
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Sulphur dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen
5. The main objective of the Kyoto Protocol is to:
a) Control ozone depletion
b) Increase biodiversity
c) Improve water quality
d) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions
6. Which of the following energy sources is renewable?
a) Coal
b) Oil
c) Solar
d) Natural gas
7. The term 'biodiversity' refers to:
a) Pollution levels in a region
b) The variety of plant and animal species in an ecosystem
c) The total number of trees in a forest
d) The number of humans in a region
8. E-waste refers to:
a) Industrial waste
b) Agricultural waste
c) Electronic waste
d) Textile waste
9. The largest source of water pollution in India is:
a) Industrial waste
b) Urban sewage
c) Agricultural runoff
d) Plastic waste
10. What is the main aim of the National Green Tribunal (NGT)?
a) Encourage deforestation
b) Provide quick environmental justice
c) Promote industrial growth
d) Increase air pollution
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11. Ecological footprint measures:
a) Human activity's impact on the environment
b) The size of protected forests
c) The number of species in an ecosystem
d) The pollution level in an urban area
12. The term "carbon footprint" refers to:
a) Total greenhouse gas emissions by a person or organization
b) The amount of CO2 in a forest
c) The amount of oxygen released by plants
d) The energy consumed by industries
13. Which of the following is an example of a non-renewable resource?
a) Wind energy
b) Solar energy
c) Natural gas
d) Hydroelectricity
14. What is the main cause of global warming?
a) Increased industrial activity
b) Excessive deforestation
c) Emission of greenhouse gases
d) Ozone depletion
15. The Paris Agreement aims to:
a) Regulate international trade
b) Control greenhouse gas emissions
c) Promote global deforestation
d) Increase global fossil fuel use
16. Which of the following gases is most responsible for acid rain?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Nitrogen
c) Sulphur dioxide
d) Helium
17. Which one of the following is not a renewable energy source?
a) Wind
b) Solar
c) Hydroelectric
d) Coal
18. Which of the following conventions focuses on biodiversity?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Convention on Biological Diversity
d) Ramsar Convention
19. The term "sustainable development" was popularized by:
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Brundtland Report
c) Paris Agreement
d) Agenda 21
20. Which of the following is a major contributor to deforestation?
a) Industrial pollution
b) Agricultural expansion
c) Automobile emissions
d) Overfishing
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21. Which of the following energy sources produces the least pollution?
a) Coal
b) Nuclear energy
c) Wind energy
d) Natural gas
22. The term "carbon sink" refers to:
a) A source of carbon emissions
b) A natural system that absorbs carbon dioxide
c) A place where carbon is released into the atmosphere
d) An industrial method of carbon production
23. Which one of the following is the largest source of greenhouse gases?
a) Agriculture
b) Transportation
c) Power generation
d) Industrial waste
24. What is the major environmental problem caused by the use of fossil fuels?
a) Soil erosion
b) Desertification
c) Air pollution
d) Loss of biodiversity
25. The Montreal Protocol is associated with:
a) Greenhouse gas emissions
b) Ozone layer protection
c) Carbon dioxide sequestration
d) Deforestation control
26. Which of the following gases is responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer?
a) Carbon monoxide
b) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
c) Methane
d) Nitrous oxide
27. The term "desertification" refers to:
a) Conversion of fertile land into desert-like conditions
b) Formation of deserts due to geological activity
c) Excessive agricultural activities in deserts
d) Flooding of arid areas
28. The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is associated with:
a) Paris Agreement
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Ramsar Convention
29. Which of the following is the primary reason for loss of biodiversity?
a) Overgrazing
b) Habitat destruction
c) Excessive fishing
d) Climate change
30. Which of the following is considered a "keystone species”?
a) Species that are rare and vulnerable
b) Species that play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem
c) Species that are domesticated
d) Species that are at the top of the food chain
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31. The Convention on Wetlands is also known as:
a) Ramsar Convention
b) Kyoto Protocol
c) Montreal Protocol
d) CITES
32. The term "carbon sequestration" refers to:
a) The release of carbon into the atmosphere
b) The capture and storage of carbon from the atmosphere
c) The burning of fossil fuels
d) The formation of carbon compounds
33. Which of the following is a significant contributor to soil erosion?
a) Urbanization
b) Deforestation
c) Industrialization
d) Transportation
34. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is associated with:
a) Promoting renewable energy
b) Monitoring international treaties
c) Assessing scientific information on climate change
d) Ensuring biodiversity conservation
35. Which of the following regions is most affected by desertification?
a) Tundra
b) Tropical rainforest
c) Semi-arid regions
d) Temperate forest
36. The term "biomagnification" refers to:
a) Increase in biomass production in an ecosystem
b) Increase in the concentration of toxic substances at higher trophic levels
c) Increase in species diversity in a habitat
d) Increase in population growth rates
37. Which of the following energy sources is considered carbon-neutral?
a) Natural gas
b) Coal
c) Biomass
d) Petroleum
38. The concept of "sustainable development" emphasizes:
a) Unlimited use of resources
b) Meeting the needs of the present without compromising future generations
c) Focus on industrialization at all costs
d) Conservation of fossil fuels alone
39. Which of the following is a source of renewable energy?
a) Nuclear energy
b) Biomass energy
c) Natural gas
d) Coal
40. The phenomenon of "eutrophication" in water bodies is caused by:
a) Excessive fishing
b) Increase in agricultural runoff rich in nutrients
c) Oil spills
d) Over-extraction of water
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41. Which protocol is linked to the reduction of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to protect the ozone
layer?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Montreal Protocol
c) Paris Agreement
d) Ramsar Convention
42. Deforestation is primarily responsible for:
a) Desertification
b) Increased biodiversity
c) Improved water quality
d) Reduced global temperatures
43. Which of the following gases is primarily responsible for global warming?
a) Methane
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Carbon dioxide
44. Which of the following is the leading cause of water pollution in India?
a) Plastic waste
b) Agricultural runoff
c) Household sewage
d) Oil spills
45. Which one of the following is the largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions globally?
a) Industrial processes
b) Transportation
c) Agriculture
d) Energy production
46. Which of the following is NOT an effect of global warming?
a) Melting of polar ice caps
b) Rise in sea levels
c) Decrease in agricultural productivity
d) Increased ozone concentration in the stratosphere
47. Which of the following is NOT an objective of the Paris Agreement?
a) Limiting global temperature rise to below 2°C
b) Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
c) Strengthening the ability to adapt to climate change
d) Promoting the use of coal for energy generation
48. The primary source of indoor air pollution in rural households of developing countries is:
a) Coal-based thermal power plants
b) Biomass burning
c) Industrial emissions
d) Automobile exhaust
49. Which of the following ecosystems is most vulnerable to climate change?
a) Coral reefs
b) Deserts
c) Tropical rainforests
d) Grasslands
50. The term "ecotourism" refers to:
a) Tourism focused on urban areas
b) Environmentally responsible travel to natural areas
c) Large-scale tourism development projects
d) Adventure sports in protected areas
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51. Which of the following is a consequence of improper waste disposal?
a) Increased biodiversity
b) Water and soil contamination
c) Improved air quality
d) Reduced energy consumption
52. The "Agenda 21" initiative was adopted at which major event?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro, 1992)
c) Montreal Protocol
d) Paris Agreement
53. The primary objective of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to:
a) Promote industrial development
b) Assess the environmental consequences of proposed projects
c) Monitor wildlife in protected areas
d) Increase tourism activities
54. Which of the following sectors is the largest consumer of water globally?
a) Agriculture
b) Industry
c) Domestic use
d) Tourism
55. Which one of the following is NOT a renewable resource?
a) Solar energy
b) Wind energy
c) Fossil fuels
d) Hydropower
56. The process by which plants absorb CO₂ during photosynthesis and release oxygen is called:
a) Carbon footprint
b) Carbon sequestration
c) Biomagnification
d) Carbon neutralization
57. "CITES" stands for:
a) Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
b) Convention on Integrated Trade and Environmental Solutions
c) Convention on Industrial Trade and Environmental Safeguards
d) Convention on Indigenous Tourism and Environmental Sustainability
58. Which of the following is a key factor in reducing carbon emissions in urban areas?
a) Increasing the number of private vehicles
b) Promoting public transportation and non-motorized transport
c) Expanding industrial zones
d) Reducing tree cover for road expansion
59. Which gas is the most potent in terms of its ability to trap heat in the atmosphere?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Methane
c) Oxygen
d) Nitrogen
60. Which of the following international agreements is specifically aimed at protecting endangered
species from international trade?
a) Kyoto Protocol
b) Paris Agreement
c) CITES
d) Montreal Protocol
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