Energy
Energy -
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Gravitational Potential Energy - _______________________________________________________________________
Kinetic Energy - _____________________________________________________________________________________
Conservation of Energy: ______________________________________________________________________________
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Conceptual Question #1
An object is sliding on the frictionless surface below, starting from point B. At what two points does the object have the
most KE & PE?
Example #1 (Energy)
During a hurricane, a large tree limb with a mass of 22-kg and a height of 13.3m falls on a roof that is 6-m above the
ground.
A. Find the kinetic energy of the limb when it reaches the roof.
B. What is the speed of the limb when it reaches the roof?
Conceptual Question #2
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Example #2 (Energy)
A) What is the PE, KE, and Total Mechanical Energy of each point?
B) What is h?
Conceptual Question #3
Shaun White snowboards down the Superpipe. Note that his height from the ground is tracked in the top left corner.
Explain why each subsequent jump reaches a lower height than the jump before.
Example #3 (Energy) Example #3 (Energy) [Honors]
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Example #4 (Energy)
A player hits a baseball with mass of 0.86 kg over the outfield fence. The ball leaves the bat with a speed of 36.0 m/s and
a fan in the bleachers catches it 7.2 m above the point where it was hit. Neglect air resistance.
What is the speed of the ball when caught?
Elastic Potential Energy: ______________________________________________________________________________
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Example #5 (Spring)
When a force of 120.0N is applied to a spring, it causes a stretch of 0.0225m.
A) What is the spring constant?
B) What is the potential energy of this spring when it is compressed by 0.0350m?
C) If you compressed another spring 0.035m, but this time it required less energy to compress, what would that mean
for the spring constant?
Example #6 (Energy)
A 1.7 kg block slides on a horizontal, frictionless surface until it encounters a spring with a spring constant of 955 N/m.
The block comes to rest after compressing the spring a distance of 0.046 m. Find the initial speed of the block.
If the spring was to compress greater than .046m, would this mean the block was going faster or slower? Explain.
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Conceptual Question #4
From the video, explain the energy transformation for each of the points indicated in the diagrams starting from 1. For
each point draw a rough bar graph showing the Gravitational Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, and Elastic Potential
Energy.
Example #7 (Energy)
A 2000 N/m spring is compressed a distance of 0.3 m against a wall with a 0.75 kg block ready to be released off the
spring. The block is released and it slides along a frictionless surface.
a. Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the spring.
b. Calculate the speed of the block when it is released and loses contact with the spring.
c. The block then glides onto a rough surface where the coefficient of kinetic friction measured between the block and
the surface is 0.25. How far does the block slide on the rough surface before it comes to a rest?
Example #8 (Energy) [Honors]
A ball of mass 2.00-kg is dropped from a height of 1.5 m (from the ground) onto a massless spring (the spring has an
equilibrium length of 0.50 m). The ball compresses the spring by an amount of 0.20 m by the time it comes to a stop.
Calculate the spring constant of the spring.
If the ball had more mass, how would this affect the compression of the spring when the ball comes to a stop?
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Example #9 (Energy) [Honors]
Springs are oriented vertically, as shown in the above diagram. Initially, the spring is compressed 4.60 cm and has a
spring constant of 955 N/m. The block, which has a mass of 1.7 kg, is at rest. When the block is released, it accelerates
upward. Find the speed of the block when the spring has returned to its equilibrium position.
Example #10 (Energy) [Honors]
A 4 kg bowling ball is drop from rest at a height of 1 m. There is an unstretched spring below. Once the bowling ball
touches the spring, the bowling ball slows down as it compresses the spring. The spring constant is 490 N/m.
Find the velocity of the ball at position D (when the spring has compressed 0.2 m)
Conceptual Question #5
From the video, explain the energy transformation for each of the points indicated in the diagrams starting from 1. For
each point, draw a rough bar graph showing the Gravitational Potential Energy, Kinetic Energy, and Elastic Potential
Energy.
Work: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Conceptual Question #6
In which scenario is positive work being done? Zero work? Negative?
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Conceptual Question #7 Is there work for the following situations?
A) A teacher applies a force to a wall and becomes exhausted.
B) A book falls off a table and free falls to the ground.
C) A waiter carries a tray of food above his head with one arm and moves straight across the room at constant speed.
D) A rocket accelerates straight up into the air.
Example #11 (Work)
A hockey player exerts a constant 4.5-N on a 0.105kg hockey puck which starts from rest and slides across the ice for a
distance of 0.15m.
A) Draw a free body diagram of the example.
B) How much work does the player do on the puck?
C) How much work is done by the force of gravity?
D) How much work is done by the normal force?
E) What is the change in the puck’s kinetic energy?
Example #12 (Work)
A sailor uses a rope to pull a 40-kg boat a distance of 30m along a dock, making a 25 degree angle with the horizontal.
(A) How much work does the sailor do on the boat if he exerts a force of 255 N on the rope?
(B) What is the total work done on the boat?
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(C) What is the speed of the boat after it has traveled 30 m if it starts with an initial velocity of 2 m/s?
Example #13 (Work)
A boy exerts a force of 11N at 29 degrees above the horizontal on a 6.4-kg sled.
A) Find the work done by the boy if the sled moves 2 meters, assuming the sled starts with an initial speed of 0.5 m/s
and slides horizontally without friction.
B) If the frictional force is 2N, what is the work done by the frictional force?
C) What is the total work done?
Example #14 (Work)
A bicycle rider pushes a bicycle that has a mass of 1.3-kg up a steep hill. The incline is 25 degrees and the road is 275m
long. The rider pushes the bike parallel to the road with a force of 25-N. (Neglect Friction)
(A) How much work is done by the normal force on the bike?
(B) How much work is done by the force of gravity?
(C) How much work is done by the rider?
(D) What is the Total Work?
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(E) What is the final speed of the bike at the top of the hill?
(F) If the incline plane was steeper would this require the rider to do more or less work? Explain.
Work Example #15 (Work)
A 75-kg person slides a distance of 5m on a straight water slide, dropping through a vertical height of 2.5m.
(A) How much work does gravity do on the person?
(B) What is the speed of the person at the bottom of the slide?
(C) If there is a frictional force of 12N, what is the work done by the frictional force and what is the total work?
Conceptual Question #8
In the following diagram, we have two different scenarios. In the first scenario a person lifts a box up to put it on the
truck. In the second scenario a person slides a box on a frictionless incline. In which scenario does the person do less
work?
A) Scenario #1 B) Scenario #2 C) Both do the same amount of work D) Impossible to know
Example #16 (Work)
A 1620-kg car coasts 25m down a hill at an angle of 6 degrees. If the total work done is 3.75 x 10 4 J, find the magnitude
of the force of friction.
A) Draw a FBD of the car
B) Find the magnitude of the force of friction
C) What is the coefficient of friction (in the thousandth’s)?
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Example #17 (Work) [Honors]
A car of mass m coasts down a hill inclined at an angle θ below the horizontal. Find the total work done on the car as it
travels a distance d along the road (Include the force of friction).
Power: ____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Example #18 (Power)
An electric motor lifts an elevator 9m in 15s by exerting an upward force of 12000N. What power does the motor
produce in Watts and in HP?
Example #19 (Power)
To pass a slow-moving truck, you need your 1300kg car to accelerate from 13.4 m/s to 17.9 m/s in 3 seconds. What is
the power required to pass?
Example #20 (Power)
It takes a force of 1280N to keep a 1500kg car moving with constant speed up a slope of 5 degrees. If the engine delivers
37,300 Watts, what is the speed of the car?
Example #21 (Power)
A man lifts a 10-kg box 3m above his head with 150N of force. How much power does he produce?
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Work Non-Conserved: _______________________________________________________________________________
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Example #22 (Work Non-Conserved)
You push on a 2-kg block initially at rest on a frictionless surface with 10N of force horizontally for 5m on level ground
before letting go. The block slides into a loop with a radius of 0.5 m.
A) What velocity will the block have at the top of the loop?
B) What is the max height that the block will reach?
Example #23 (Work Non-Conserved)
Deep in the forest a 0.017kg leaf falls from a tree and drops straight to the ground. If its initial height was 5.3 m and its
speed on landing was 1.3 m/s, how much nonconservative work was done on the leaf?
What force does this nonconservative work?
Example #24 (Work Non-Conserved)
A 95-kg diver steps off a diving board and drops into the water 3m below. At depth (D) below the water’s surface, the
diver comes to rest. If the non-conservative work done on the diver is -5120J, what is the depth (D)?
Example #25 (Work Non-Conserved) [Honors]
A block with mass of 0.5 kg is forced against a horizontal spring of negligible mass, compressing the spring a distance of
0.20 m. When released, the block moves on a horizontal tabletop for 1 meter before coming to rest. The spring constant
is 100 N/m. What is the coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the tabletop?
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Example #26 (Work Non-Conserved) [Honors]
A 62 kg skier is moving at 6.5 m/s on a frictionless, horizontal, snow-covered plateau when she encounters a rough patch
4.3 m long. The coefficient of friction between this patch and her skis is 0.3. After crossing the rough patch and returning
to friction-free snow, she skis down an icy, frictionless hill 2.5 m high.
How fast is the skier moving when she gets to the bottom of the hill?
Example #27 (Work Non-Conserved) [Honors]
A 0.2 kg package is released from rest at point A. It slides down the track and reaches point B with a speed of 4.8 m/s.
From point B, it slides on a level surface a distance of 3 m to point C, where it comes to rest.
A) What is the coefficient of friction on the horizontal surface?
B) How much work is done on the package by friction as it slides down the circular arc from A to B?
C) If the package was able to slide further than 3m, what would that say about the coefficient of friction? Explain.
Conceptual Question #9 (Honors)
A golfer badly misjudges a putt, sending the ball only ¼ of the distance to the hole with an initial velocity of v i. If the
force of resistance is constant, what initial speed will get the ball into the hole?
(A) 2vi (B) 3vi (C)4vi (D)8Vi
Example #28 (Work Non-Conserved) [Honors]
A 2 kg block is pushed against a spring with negligible mass and force constant k= 400 N/m, compressing it 0.220 m.
When the block is released it moves along a frictionless horizontal surface and then up a frictionless incline with slope 37
degrees.
A) What is the speed of the block as it slides along the horizontal surface after having left the spring?
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B) How far does the block travel up the incline before starting to slide back down?
Example #29 (Work Non-Conserved) [Honors]
A 1.2 kg block is released at point A. It slides down a frictionless surface until it encounters a rough patch from points B
to C. This patch has a coefficient of friction of 0.19. After point C, the surface is frictionless again and the block hits a
spring. If the spring compresses 0.022 m before the block comes to rest, what is the spring constant of the spring?
Example #30 (Graph)
Find the total work done in the graph below.
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