FOUR FACTORS FOR IDENTIFYING ART

PERCEPTUALLY: Types of ART Criticism

(based on Art Analysis)
1. Artistic form: All objects and events have 1. Descriptive Criticism (characteristics/
form.
form of the art piece)
2. Interpretive Criticism (explanation of the
Form is the interrelationships of part to part content of a work of art
and part to whole. Perceptible unity! Artistic
form distinguishes art from objects or events 3. Evaluative Criticism
that are not works of art.
(to evaluate a work of art is to judge its
merits (praiseworthy quality).
2. Content: Content is the meaning of artistic
form. 3 EVALUATIVE CRITICISM’S FUNDAMENTAL
STANDARDS:
[Link]
3. Subject Matter: is the content or meaning of
the work of art; is never directly presented in a [Link]
work of art ( style or personality of the artist)
[Link]

4. Participation: We must not only give but

also sustain our undivided attention. Only by
participation can we come close to a full
awareness of what a piece of art is all about.

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SCOPE OF ARTS
• Art is very vital in our daily existence.
• The arts- the concrete evidences in the study of
humanities.
• The body of arts consists of ideas, beliefs and
values of the past, present and even of the future.
• It comes from the Aryan root word, “AR” which
means to join or to put together.
• The Latin terms “ARS” means everything that is
artificially made or composed by man.
• According to Leo Tolstoy, “art is a means of union
among all men, a means of communication.”
• To Aristotle, “art has no other end but itself.”
• All arts are patterned on nature.
• It is also the right reason for making things.”

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SCOPE OF HUMANITIES:

1. The visual arts are those

we perceive with our eyes.
They may be classified into
two groups:

i. Graphic arts-two-dimensional
surface.
This term covers any form of visual
artistic representation especially
painting, drawing, photography,
etc.

ii. Plastic arts-three-dimensional

surface.
This group includes all fields of
visual arts in which materials are
organized into three-dimensional
forms like architecture, landscape
architecture, interior design,
sculpture crafts, industrial design,
dress and costume design, theater
design, etc

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2. Literature is
the art of
combining
spoken or • Drama - a story re-created by actors on
written words stage in front of an audience.
and their • Prose Fiction – includes narratives created
meanings into by an author as distinguished from true
accounts.
forms which
have artistic
and emotional
appeal.

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LITERATURE

• Essay – a non-fiction expository writing

ranging from informal, personal topics to
closely critical treatments of important
subjects.
• Poetry – highly expressive nature using
special forms and choice of words and
emotional images. Narratives includes
epics, romance and ballads and lyric forms
includes the sonnets, ode, elegy and song.
• Miscellaneous – are history, biography,
letters, journals, diaries, and other works
not formally classed as literature.

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 3. MUSIC –the art of
arranging sounds in
rhythmic succession
generally in
combination.
Melody results in this
sequence and
harmony from the
combinations.
It is a creative and
performing art.

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Groups
I. Vocal Music – composed primarily to
be sung.
II. Instrumental Music – is written for
instruments of four general types:
[Link] (piano, keyboard, and organ)
[Link] (violin, cello, guitar, ukulele,
banjo)
[Link] (flute, clarinet, oboe,
piccolo, English horn, bassoon)
[Link] winds (saxophone, trumpet,
French horn, trombone)

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 Opera –
drama set to music. It is mostly or entirely
sung with an orchestral accompaniment.

MUSIC Operetta and Musical Comedy –

COMBINED a drama set to music but is light popular
WITH romantic often humorous or comic. It uses
spoken dialogues.
OTHER
ARTS Oratorio and Cantata –
sacred musical drama in concert form based
on biblical accounts and made of recited
parts with orchestral accompaniment.

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4. Drama and Theatre
A drama or play is a story
re-created by actors on a stage in
front of an audience.

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 5. Dance-
involves the
movement of the body
and the feet in rhythm.

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 I. TRAGEDY – serious in nature in which the
central character comes to some sad and
disastrous ending.
II. MELODRAMA – the emphasis is on the
action rather on the character.

Types of Action is a happy ending.

Drama
Types of Melodrama
• Romantic Comedy – light amusing tales of lovers in
some dilemma which is finally solved happily.
• Farce – light humorous play whose emphasis is on
the jokes, humorous physical actions, ludicrous
situations and impossible characters.
• Comedy of Manners – “drawing room comedy” is
sophisticated and sometimes satirical. It uses witty
dialogues and characters are usually high society
types and situations are unreal.

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Types of Dances
1. Ethnologic – include folk dancing
associated with national and cultural
groups.
• Social or Ballroom Dances – popular
type of dancing generally performed
by pairs.
• Ballet – a formalized type of dance
which originated in the royal courts
of the middle Ages. They may be
either solo or concerted dances and
generally built around a theme or
story.
2. Modern – are sometimes called
contemporary interpretative dances and
represents rebellion against the classical
formalism of ballet. It is a personal
communication of moods and themes.

3. Musical dances – dances performed by

soloists, groups, choruses in theatres,
nightclubs, motion pictures, and television.
It combines various forms of ballet,
modern, tap, and acrobatics.

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Methods in
Presenting 1. REALISM – presentation of
subjects as it is.
Art Subject
It is also the portrayal of
objective reality.

• Ex. Audrey Flack:“Queen”

• Gustace Courbet:“The Stone-Breaker”

2. ABSTRACTION – it means to
move away or to separate. The
artist is more concerned about
the presentation of a part or a
portion of a subject.

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 TYPES OF ABSTRACTION

1. Elongation – subjects are

lengthened or stretched out.
Ex. El Greco:“the Resurrection”
“St Martin and the Beggar”

2. Distortion – subjects are in a

mishappen condition
Ex. Henry Moore:“Recumbent
Figure”

3. Cubism – the use of geometrical

shapes and forms.
Ex. Pablo Picasso:“The Three
Musicians”

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3. FAUVISM
emphasis on
pleasure; the
artists are non-
conformists.
Colors are not
realistic and are
mostly bright.
• Ex. Henry Matisse:“
“The Dance”

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 4. Dadaism from the French
word “DADA” which means
hobby-horse and a
movement meant to shock
the public.

• The Spoliarium is a painting by Filipino

painter Juan Luna.

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[Link]
rich and filled
with emotion.

Eugene Delacroix: “Liberty Leading the

People”

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 6. IMPRESSIONISM
- is concentrated on the artist’s impression of the moment.

Impressionism is a 19th-century art movement characterized by

a. relatively small, thin, yet visible brush strokes,
b. open composition, emphasis on accurate depiction of light in its
changing qualities,
c. ordinary subject matter,
d. unusual visual angles,
e. inclusion of movement
as a crucial element of human perception and experience

7. Expressionism
• -artistic style in which the artist seeks to depict
not objective reality but rather the
subjective emotions and responses that
objects and events arouse within a person.

• “The Scream “composition created by

• Norwegian artist Edvard Munch in 1893

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“Psychoanalysis;
aimed to bring the
elements of
subconscious to the
surface.

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 Kinds of Art Subject Matter

Still Life groups of inanimate

Landscapes, seascapes,
objects arranged in an indoor
cityscapes these are artworks Animals the earliest known paintings
setting such as objects as dishes
that show the physical are representations of animals.
of food on a dining table, pots
environment.
and pans on a kitchen table, etc...

Everyday Life this is the artists

Portrait is a realistic likeness of a Figures is the traditional chief
observation of people going about
person in sculpture, painting, subject of artists showing the
their usual ways, performing their
drawing, or print. human body, nude or clothed.
usual tasks.

Religion and Mythology arts are

used to instruct, to inspire Dreams and Fantasies a dream may be of
History and Legend shows a
feelings of devotion and to lifelike situation; it may be realistically
significant scene in the past;
convert non-believers; many represented, but if the figure suggests
legend pictures the mysteries
artists have been inspired by the the strange, and the absurd- it will be
behind the folk stories.
beauty and magic of classified as a dream picture.
mythological characters.

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