SOLAR SYSTEM DESIGNING - CLASS LECTURE
This lecture provides a structured guide for students to understand the concepts, methodologies,
and applications involved in Solar Photovoltaic (PV) System Designing. It is intended for classroom
teaching and includes key topics, formulas, and practical considerations.
Lecture Outline:
• 1. Introduction to Solar Energy
• 2. Basics of Solar Radiation & Sun Path
• 3. Load Calculation and Energy Demand
• 4. Types of Solar PV Systems
• 5. Component Selection and Sizing
• 6. System Layout and Design
• 7. Economic Analysis & Payback
• 8. Installation, Safety & Maintenance
• 9. Case Studies and Practical Examples
• 10. Conclusion and Future Trends
Introduction to Solar Energy
Solar energy is the most abundant renewable energy source available on Earth. It is clean,
sustainable, and plays a vital role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels.
Solar Radiation & Sun Path
Understanding solar irradiance, peak sun hours, and the sun’s path is critical for optimizing PV
system performance.
Load Calculation
Energy demand is calculated in kilowatt-hours (kWh). Accurate load assessment is essential for
determining the system size.
Types of PV Systems
1. Grid-tied: Connected to utility grid. 2. Off-grid: Standalone with batteries. 3. Hybrid: Combination
of grid and storage.
Component Sizing
- PV Panels: Number = Load ÷ (Panel Wattage × Sun Hours). - Inverter: Size ≥ Peak Load. -
Batteries: Based on autonomy days and daily load. - Charge Controller: Must handle PV current
safely.
System Layout & Design
Series/parallel PV module connections, proper cable sizing, earthing, and protection devices
ensure safety and reliability.
Economic Analysis
Payback period = System Cost ÷ Annual Savings. ROI helps evaluate project feasibility.
Installation & Safety
Includes mounting structures, tilt angle optimization, electrical wiring, and adherence to safety
standards.
Case Studies
Real-world solarization projects (e.g., schools, industries, and homes) provide practical insights.
**Conclusion:** A well-designed solar system is efficient, reliable, and sustainable. Students must
understand each stage of the design process, from energy demand calculation to final
commissioning, to ensure successful implementation.
