ANGLE
The different types of angles are listed below:
Acute angle (< 90°)
Obtuse angle (> 90° and < 180°)
Right angle (= 90°)
Straight angle (= 180°)
Reflex angle (> 180° and < 360°)
Full rotation angle (= 360°)
Import
ant Points:
Complementary angles: Sum of two angles = 90°
Supplementary angles: Sum of two angles = 180°
Linear pair of angles: Sum of angles = 180°
Sum of angles at a point = 360°
PERIMETER
Perimeter Definition: The complete distance around a shape is referred to as
its perimeter. In simple terms, the perimeter of any shape is its length when
expanded in a linear form. In a two-dimensional plane, a perimeter is the total
distance that encircles a shape. Perimeter is expressed in units, such as
centimetres, inches, feet, and other units.
Perimeter Formulas: The perimeter formulas for all 2d-shapes are listed here.
Circle – 2πr units, where “r” is the radius of the circle
Triangle – a+b+c units, where a,b and c are the triangle sides
Square – 4a units, where a is the side length of square
Rectangle – 2(l+b) units, where l and b are the length and breadth of a rectangle
Parallelogram – 2(a+b) units, where a and b are adjacent sides of a
parallelogram
Quadrilateral – Sum of all four sides
Any Polygon – Sum of all the sides
What is Area?
The area is the region bounded by the shape of an object. The space covered by
the figure or any two-dimensional geometric shape, in a plane, is the area of the
shape. The area of all the shapes depends upon their dimensions and properties.
Different shapes have different areas. The area of the square is different from the
area of a kite.
If two objects have a similar shape then it’s not necessary that the area covered
by them will be equal unless and until the dimensions of both shapes are also
equal. Suppose, there are two rectangle boxes, with length as L1 and L2 and
breadth as B1 and B2. So the areas of both the rectangular boxes, say A1 and A2
will be equal only if L1=L2 and B1=B2.
What is Perimeter?
Perimeter of a shape is defined as the total distance around the shape. Basically,
perimeter is the length of any shape if it is expanded in a linear form.
A perimeter is a total distance that encompasses a shape, in a 2d plane. The
perimeter of different shapes can match in length with each other depending
upon their dimensions.
For example, if a circle is made of a metal wire of length L, then the same wire
we can use to construct a square, whose sides are equal in length.
What is the Difference Between Area and Perimeter?
Here is the list of differences between area and perimeter:
Area Perimeter
Area is the region occupied by a Perimeter is total distance covered by the
shape boundary of a shape
Area is measured in square units (m2, Perimeter is measured in units (m, cm, in, feet,
cm2, in2, etc.) etc.)
Example: Area of rectangular ground Example: Perimeter of a rectangular ground is
is equal to product of its length and equal to sum of all its four boundaries, i.e,
breadth. 2(length + breadth).
Area and Perimeter For all Shapes
There are many types of shapes. The most common ones are Square, Triangle,
Rectangle, Circle etc. To know the area and perimeter of all these, we need
different formulas.
Perimeter and Area of a Rectangle
A rectangle is a figure/shape with opposite sides equal and all angles equal to 90
degrees. The area of the rectangle is the space covered by it in an XY plane.
Perimeter of a Rectangle = 2(a+b)
Area of Rectangle = a × b
where a and b are the length and width of the rectangle.
Perimeter and Area of a Square
A Square is a figure/shape with all four sides equal and all angles equal to 90
degrees. The area of the square is the space occupied by the square in a 2D
plane and its perimeter is the distance covered on the outer line.
Perimeter of a Square = 4a
Area of a Square = a2
where a is the length of the side of the square.
Learn more about the perimeter of the square, here.
Perimeter and Area of Triangle
The triangle has three sides. Therefore, the perimeter of any given triangle,
whether it is scalene, isosceles or equilateral, will be equal to the sum of the
length of all three sides. And the area of any triangle is the space occupied by it
in a plane.
Perimeter of a triangle = a + b +c , where a, b and c are the three different sides
of the triangle.
Area of a triangle = 1/2 b × h; where b is the base and h is the height of the
triangle.
Area and Circumference of Circle
Area of a circle is the region occupied by it in a plane.
In case of a circle, the distance of the outer line of the circle is called the
circumference.
Circumference of Circle = 2πr
Area of Circle = πr2
Area and Perimeter Formulas
Here is the list of the area and perimeter for different figures in a tabular form.
Students can use this table to solve problems based on the formulas given here.
Shape Area Perimeter Terms
Circle A = π × r2 Circumference = r = radius of the circle
2πr
b = base
A=½×b h = height
Triangle S = a+b+c
×h
a,b and c are the sides of the
triangle
Square A = a2 P = 4a a = length of side
l = length
Rectangle A=l×w P = 2(l + w)
w = width
a = side
Parallelogram A=b×h P = 2(a+b) b=base
h=vertical height
Applications of Area and Perimeter
We know that the area is basically the space covered by these shapes and
perimeter is the distance around the shape. If you want to paint the walls of your
new home, you need to know the area to calculate the quantity of paint required
and cost for the same.
For example, to fence the garden in your house, the length required of the
material for fencing is the perimeter of the garden. If it’s a square garden with
each side as a cm then the perimeter would be 4a cm. The area is the space
contained in the shape or the given figure. It is calculated in square units.
Suppose you want to fix tiles in your new home, you need to know the area of
the floor to know the no. of tiles required to cover the whole floor. In this article,
let us have a look at the formula for area and perimeter of some basic shapes
with diagrams and examples.
Area and Perimeter for Grade 4
In Class 4, we will come across the area and perimeter formulas for square and
rectangle shapes. Here, the sides of rectangle are measured in inches or feet or
yard. Let us see an example.
Example: Find the area of a rectangle with length and width equal to 7ft and 5ft,
respectively.
Solution: Given,
Length = 7ft & Width = 5ft
Area of rectangle = Length x Width
= 7ft x 5ft
= 35 ft2
What is volume?
Volume is the amount of space occupied by a solid shape in a three-dimensional
plane or region. Some examples of solids include cubes, cuboids, spheres, cones,
cylinders, etc.
Volume of cube = a3, where a is the edge of the cube.
Volume of cuboid = lbh, where l = length, b = breadth and h = height.
