Python Programming
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha
December 14, 2024
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 1 / 74
ChatGPT
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 2 / 74
History of Python
Developed by Guido van Rossum in the late 1980s and early 1990s at
the National Research Institute for Mathematics and Computer
Science in the Netherlands
Derived from languages including ABC, Modula-3, C, C++, Algol-68,
SmallTalk, and Unix shell scripting languages
Python source code is available under the GNU General Public
License (GPL)
The name Python is inspired by the comedy series Monty Python’s
Flying Circus
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 3 / 74
Major Python Releases
Python 0.9.0 (February 1991): First published version, supported
core object-oriented programming principles
Python 1.0 (January 1994): Added functional programming tools,
support for complex numbers
Python 2.0 (October 2000): Introduced list comprehensions, garbage
collection, and Unicode support
Python 3.0 (December 2008): Revamped version to remove
discrepancies in Python 2.x, backported to Python 2.6, included
python2to3 utility for code translation
EOL for Python 2.x (2020): Support for Python 2 discontinued,
with 2.7.17 as the last version
Python 3.11.2 (February 2023): stable version, with significant
speed improvements and enhanced exception messaging
Python 3.12.4...
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 4 / 74
Characteristics of Python
Interpreted: Processed at runtime by the interpreter, no need to
compile
Interactive: Direct interaction with the interpreter
Object-Oriented: Supports encapsulating code within objects
Beginner’s Language: Suitable for developing a wide range of
applications
Open-source and cross-platform: Available on Linux, Windows, and
Mac OS under the Python Software Foundation License
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 5 / 74
Why Learn Python?
Consistently popular and easy to learn
Open source and free
Versatile: suitable for web development, AI, ML, automation, etc.
Powerful libraries for AI, ML, etc.
High demand and lucrative salaries in the job market
Ideal for students and professionals aiming for software engineering
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 6 / 74
Python Jobs
High demand in web development, AI, ML, Data Science, etc.
Companies: Google, Intel, PayPal, Facebook, IBM, Amazon, Netflix,
Pinterest, Uber, and more
Career roles: Python developer, Full-stack developer, Machine
learning engineer, Data scientist, Data analyst, DevOps engineer,
Software engineer, etc.
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 7 / 74
Applications of Python
Data Science: Numpy, Pandas, Matplotlib
Web Development: Django, Pyramid
Computer Vision and Image Processing
Automation, Job Scheduling, GUI Development
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 8 / 74
Features of Python
Easy-to-learn: few keywords, simple structure, clear syntax
Easy-to-read and maintain
Broad standard library: portable and cross-platform
Interactive Mode: supports interactive testing and debugging
Portable: runs on various hardware platforms with the same interface
Extendable: allows adding low-level modules to the interpreter
Database interfaces: compatible with major commercial databases
GUI Programming: supports GUI applications
Scalable: better structure and support for large programs
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 9 / 74
C vs Python
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 10 / 74
Python Compiler
Provides examples to explain concepts
Includes a Python compiler/interpreter
print("Hello, World!")
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 11 / 74
Python Variables
Python variables are the reserved memory locations used to store
values with in a Python Program.
This means that when we create a variable you reserve some space in
the memory.
Memory Addresses
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 12 / 74
Python Variables
>>> "May"
May
>>> id("May")
2167264641264
>>> 18
18
>>> id(18)
140714055169352
Once the data is stored in the memory, it should be accessed
repeatedly for performing a certain process.
Obviously, fetching the data from its ID is cumbersome.
High level languages like Python make it possible to give a suitable
alias or a label to refer to the memory location.
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 13 / 74
Python Variables
>>> "May"
May
>>> id("May")
2167264641264
>>> 18
18
>>> id(18)
140714055169352
Once the data is stored in the memory, it should be accessed
repeatedly for performing a certain process.
Obviously, fetching the data from its ID is cumbersome.
High level languages like Python make it possible to give a suitable
alias or a label to refer to the memory location.
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 14 / 74
Python Variables
>>> month="May"
>>> age=18
>>> id(month)
2167264641264
>>> id(age)
140714055169352
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 15 / 74
Python Variables
counter = 100 # Creates an integer variable
miles = 1000.0 # Creates a floating point variable
name = "Zara Ali" # Creates a string variable
print (counter)
print (miles)
print (name)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 16 / 74
Deleting Python Variables
del var
del var a, var b
counter = 100
print (counter)
del counter
print (counter)
100
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "[Link]", line 7, in <module>
print (counter)
NameError: name ’counter’ is not defined
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 17 / 74
Getting Type of a Variable
x = "Zara"
y = 10
z = 10.10
print(type(x))
print(type(y))
print(type(z))
This will produce the following result:
<class ’str’>
<class ’int’>
<class ’float’>
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 18 / 74
Casting Python Variables
x = str(10) # x will be ’10’
y = int(10) # y will be 10
z = float(10) # z will be 10.0
print( "x =", x )
print( "y =", y )
print( "z =", z )
This will produce the following result:
x = 10
y = 10
z = 10.0
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 19 / 74
Case-Sensitivity of Python Variables
age = 20
Age = 30
print( "age =", age )
print( "Age =", Age )
This will produce the following result:
age = 20
Age = 30
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 20 / 74
Python Variables - Multiple Assignment
>>> a=10
>>> b=10
>>> c=10
Instead of separate assignments, you can do it in a single assignment
statement as follows
>>> a=b=c=10
>>> print (a,b,c)
10 10 10
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 21 / 74
Python Variables - Multiple Assignment
>>> a=10
>>> b=20
>>> c=30
These separate assignment statements can be combined in one. You need
to give comma separated variable names on left, and comma separated
values on the right of = operator.
>>> print (a,b,c)
10 20 30
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 22 / 74
Python Variables - Multiple Assignment
a = b = c = 100
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
a,b,c = 1,2,"Zara Ali"
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 23 / 74
Python Variables - Multiple Assignment
a = b = c = 100
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
a,b,c = 1,2,"Zara Ali"
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 24 / 74
Python Variables - Naming Convention
A variable name must start with a letter or the underscore character
A variable name cannot start with a number or any special character
like $, (, * % etc.
A variable name can only contain alpha-numeric characters and
underscores (A-z, 0-9, and )
Python variable names are case-sensitive which means Name and
NAME are two different variables in Python.
Python reserved keywords cannot be used naming the variable.
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 25 / 74
Python Variables - Naming Convention
If the name of variable contains multiple words, we should use these
naming patterns -
Camel case - First letter is a lowercase, but first letter of each
subsequent word is in uppercase. For example: kmPerHour,
pricePerLitre
Pascal case - First letter of each word is in uppercase. For example:
KmPerHour, PricePerLitre.
Snake case - Use single underscore ( ) character to separate words.
For example: km per hour, price per litre
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 26 / 74
Python Variables - Naming Convention
counter = 100
count = 100
name1 = "Zara"
name2 = "Nuha"
Age = 20
zara salary = 100000
print (counter)
print ( count)
print (name1)
print (name2)
print (Age)
print (zara salary)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 27 / 74
Python Variables - Naming Convention
1counter = 100
$count = 100
zara-salary = 100000
print (1counter)
print ($count)
print (zara-salary)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 28 / 74
Python Variables
>>> width=10
>>> height=20
>>> area=width*height
>>> area
200
>>> perimeter=2*(width+height)
>>> perimeter # 60
width = 10
height = 20
area = width*height
perimeter = 2*(width+height)
print ("Area = ", area)
print ("Perimeter = ", perimeter)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 29 / 74
Python Local Variables
Python Local Variables are defined inside a function. We can not access
variable outside the function.
def sum(x, y):
sum = x + y
return sum
print(sum(5, 10))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 30 / 74
Python Global Variables
Any variable created outside a function can be accessed within any
function and so they have global scope.
x = 5
y = 10
def sum():
sum = x + y
return sum
print(sum())
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 31 / 74
Python Variables
>>> a=b=10
>>> a is b
True
>>> id(a), id(b)
(140731955278920, 140731955278920)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 32 / 74
Constants in Python
Python doesn’t have any formally defined constants, However we can
indicate a variable to be treated as a constant by using all-caps names
with underscores.
For example, the name PI VALUE indicates that you don’t want the
variable redefined or changed in any way.
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 33 / 74
Types of Python Data Types
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 34 / 74
Python Data Types
Python Numeric Data Types
var1 = 1 # int data type
var2 = True # bool data type
var3 = 10.023 # float data type
var4 = 10+3j # complex data type
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 35 / 74
Python Data Types
Python String Data Type
str = ’Hello World!’
print (str) # Prints complete string
print (str[0]) # Prints first character of the string
print (str[2:5]) # Prints characters starting from 3rd to 5th
print (str[2:]) # Prints string starting from 3rd character
print (str * 2) # Prints string two times
print (str + "TEST") # Prints concatenated string
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 36 / 74
Python List Data Type
list = [ ’abcd’, 786 , 2.23, ’john’, 70.2 ]
tinylist = [123, ’john’]
print (list) # Prints complete list
print (list[0]) # Prints first element of the list
print (list[1:3]) # Prints elements starting from 2nd till 3rd
print (list[2:]) # Prints elements starting from 3rd element
print (tinylist * 2) # Prints list two times
print (list + tinylist) # Prints concatenated lists
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 37 / 74
Python Tuple Data Type
tuple = ( ’abcd’, 786 , 2.23, ’john’, 70.2 )
tinytuple = (123, ’john’)
print (tuple) # Prints the complete tuple
print (tuple[0]) # Prints first element of the tuple
print (tuple[1:3]) # Prints elements of the tuple starting fro
2nd till 3rd
print (tuple[2:]) # Prints elements of the tuple starting from
3rd element
print (tinytuple * 2) # Prints the contents of the tuple twice
print (tuple + tinytuple) # Prints concatenated tuples
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 38 / 74
List/Tuple
tuple = (’abcd’, 786 , 2.23, ’john’, 70.2 )
list = [ ’abcd’, 786 , 2.23, ’john’, 70.2 ]
tuple[2] = 1000 # Invalid syntax with tuple
list[2] = 1000 # Valid syntax with list
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 39 / 74
Python Dictionary Data Type
dict = {}
dict[’one’] = "This is one"
dict[2] = "This is two"
tinydict = {’name’: ’john’,’code’:6734, ’dept’: ’sales’}
print (dict[’one’]) # Prints value for ’one’ key
print (dict[2]) # Prints value for 2 key
print (tinydict) # Prints complete dictionary
print ([Link]()) # Prints all the keys
print ([Link]()) # Prints all the values
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 40 / 74
Python Set Data Type
set1 = {123, 452, 5, 6}
set2 = {’Java’, ’Python’, ’JavaScript’}
print(set1)
print(set2)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 41 / 74
Python Boolean Data Type
>>> type (True)
<class ’bool’>
>>> type(False)
<class ’bool’>
# Returns false as a is not equal to b
a = 2
b = 4
print(bool(a==b))
# Following also prints the same
print(a==b)
# Returns False as a is None
a = None
print(bool(a))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 42 / 74
Python Boolean Data Type
# Returns false as a is an empty sequence
a = ()
print(bool(a))
# Returns false as a is 0
a = 0.0
print(bool(a))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 43 / 74
Python Data Type Conversion
print("Conversion to integer data type")
a = int(1) a will be 1
b = int(2.2) b will be 2
c = int("3.3") c will be 3
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
print("Conversion to floating point number")
a = float(1) a will be 1.0
b = float(2.2) b will be 2.2
c = float("3.3") c will be 3.3
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 44 / 74
Python Data Type Conversion
print("Conversion to string")
a = str(1) a will be "1"
b = str(2.2) b will be "2.2"
c = str("3.3") c will be "3.3"
print (a)
print (b)
print (c)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 45 / 74
Python Type Casting
Implicit
<<< a=10 int object
<<< b=10.5 float object
<<< c=a+b
<<< print (c)
a=True
b=10.5
c=a+b
print (c)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 46 / 74
Python Type Casting
Explicit
<<< a = int("100")
<<< a
100
<<< type(a)
<class ’int’>
<<< a = ("10"+"01")
<<< a = int("10"+"01")
<<< a
1001
<<< type(a)
<class ’int’>
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 47 / 74
Python Type Casting
Explicit
<<< a = int(10.5) converts a float object to int
<<< a
10
<<< a = int(2*3.14) expression results float, is converted to
int
<<< a
6
<<< type(a)
<class ’int’>
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 48 / 74
Python Type Casting
Explicit
<<< a = int("10.5")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ’10.5’
<<< a = int("Hello World")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ’Hello Wor
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 49 / 74
Conversion of Sequence Types
<<< a=[1,2,3,4,5] List Object
<<< b=(1,2,3,4,5) Tupple Object
<<< c="Hello" String Object
### list() separates each character in the string and builds
the list
<<< obj=list(c)
<<< obj
[’H’, ’e’, ’l’, ’l’, ’o’]
### The parentheses of tuple are replaced by square brackets
<<< obj=list(b)
<<< obj
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 50 / 74
Conversion of Sequence Types
### tuple() separates each character from string and builds a
tuple of characters
<<< obj=tuple(c)
<<< obj
(’H’, ’e’, ’l’, ’l’, ’o’)
### square brackets of list are replaced by parentheses.
<<< obj=tuple(a)
<<< obj
(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 51 / 74
Conversion of Sequence Types
### str() function puts the list and tuple inside the quote sy
<<< obj=str(a)
<<< obj
’[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]’
<<< obj=str(b)
<<< obj
’(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)’
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 52 / 74
Types of Python Operators
a = 21 b = 10 c = 0
c = a + b
print ("a: {} b: {} a+b: {}".format(a,b,c))
c = a - b
print ("a: {} b: {} a-b: {}".format(a,b,c) )
c = a * b
print ("a: {} b: {} a*b: {}".format(a,b,c))
c = a / b
print ("a: {} b: {} a/b: {}".format(a,b,c))
c = a
print ("a: {} b: {} a%b: {}".format(a,b,c))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 53 / 74
Types of Python Operators
a = 2
b = 3
c = a**b
print ("a: {} b: {} a**b: {}".format(a,b,c))
a = 10
b = 5
c = a//b
print ("a: {} b: {} a//b: {}".format(a,b,c))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 54 / 74
Precedence and Associativity of Python Arithmetic
Operators
Operator(s) Description Associativity
** Exponent Right to Left
*, /, //, % Multiplication, Division, Floor Division, Modulus Left to Right
+, - Addition, Subtraction Left to Right
Table: Precedence and Associativity of Python Arithmetic Operators
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 55 / 74
Complex Number Arithmetic
a=2.5+3.4j
b=-3+1.0j
print ("Addition of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=",b, "a+b=",
a+b)
print ("Subtraction of complex numbers - a=",a, "b=", b, "a-b=
a-b)
a=6+4j
b=3+2j
c=a*b
c=(18-8)+(12+12)j
c=10+24j
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 56 / 74
Python Comparison Operators
Operator Description Example
< Less than a < b
> Greater than a > b
<= Less than or equal to a <= b
>= Greater than or equal to a >= b
== Is equal to a == b
!= Is not equal to a != b
Table: Comparison Operators in Python
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 57 / 74
Python Comparison Operators
a=5 b=7 print (a>b)
print (a<b)
print ("Both operands are integer")
a=5
b=7
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a>b is", a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 58 / 74
Comparison of Float Number
print ("comparison of int and float")
a=10
b=10.0
print ("a=",a, "b=",b, "a>b is", a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 59 / 74
Comparison of Sequence Types
In Python, comparison of only similar sequence objects can be performed.
A string object is comparable with another string only.
A list cannot be compared with a tuple, even if both have same items.
print ("comparison of tuples")
a=(1,2,4)
b=(1,2,3)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a>b is",a>b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a==b is",a==b)
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a!=b is",a!=b)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 60 / 74
Comparison of Sequence Types
print ("comparison of different sequence types")
a=(1,2,3)
b=[1,2,3]
print ("a=",a, "b=",b,"a<b is",a<b)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 61 / 74
Python Assignment Operator
The = (equal to) symbol is defined as assignment operator in Python.
The value of Python expression on its right is assigned to a single variable
on its left.
a = 10
b = 5
a = a + b
print (a)
print ("Augmented addition of int and int")
a+=b equivalent to a=a+b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
print ("Augmented subtraction of int and int")
a-=b equivalent to a=a-b
print ("a=",a, "type(a):", type(a))
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 62 / 74
Python Logical Operators
Python logical operators are used to form compound Boolean expressions.
a b a and b
F F F
F T F
T F F
T T T
Table: Truth Table for Logical ”and” Operator
a b a or b
F F F
F T T
T F T
T T T
Table: Truth Table for Logical ”or” Operator
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 63 / 74
Python Logical Operators
a not (a)
F T
T F
Table: Truth Table for Logical ”not” Operator
x = 10
y = 20
print("x > 0 and x < 10:",x > 0 and x < 10)
print("x > 0 and y > 10:",x > 0 and y > 10)
print("x > 10 or y > 10:",x > 10 or y > 10)
print("x%2 == 0 and y%2 == 0:",x%2 == 0 and y%2 == 0)
print ("not (x+y>15):", not (x+y)>15)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 64 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
The ’in’ Operator
var = "Something"
a = "S"
b = "om"
c = "thing"
d = "ng"
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "in", var, ":", b in var)
print (c, "in", var, ":", c in var)
print (d, "in", var, ":", d in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 65 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
The ’not in’ Operator
var = "Something"
a = "S"
b = "om"
c = "thing"
d = "ng"
print (a, "not in", var, ":", a not in var)
print (b, "not in", var, ":", b not in var)
print (c, "not in", var, ":", c not in var)
print (d, "not in", var, ":", d not in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 66 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
var = [10,20,30,40]
a = 20
b = 10
c = a-b
d = a/2
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "not in", var, ":", b not in var)
print (c, "in", var, ":", c in var)
print (d, "not in", var, ":", d not in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 67 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
var = (10,20,30,40)
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)
var = ((10,20),30,40)
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 68 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
Membership Operator with Sets
var = {10,20,30,40}
a = 10
b = 20
print (b, "in", var, ":", b in var)
var = {(10,20),30,40}
a = 10
b = 20
print ((a,b), "in", var, ":", (a,b) in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 69 / 74
Python - Python Membership Operators
Membership Operator with Dictionaries:
Python checks the membership only with the collection of keys and not
values.
var = 1:10, 2:20, 3:30
a = 2
b = 20
print (a, "in", var, ":", a in var)
print (b, "in", var, ":", b in var)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 70 / 74
Python - Comments
# Standalone single line comment is placed here
# This function calculates the factorial of a number
# using an iterative approach. The factorial of a number
# n is the product of all positive integers less than or
# equal to n. For example, factorial(5) is 5*4*3*2*1 = 120.
""" This function calculates the greatest common divisor (GCD)
of two numbers using the Euclidean algorithm. The GCD of two
numbers is the largest number that divides both of them withou
leaving a remainder. """
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 71 / 74
Python - Decision Making
Decision Making Statements: Decision making statements are used in the
Python programs to make them able to decide which of the alternative
group of instructions to be executed, depending on value of a certain
Boolean expression.
marks = 80
result = ""
if marks < 30:
result = "Failed"
elif marks > 75:
result = "Passed with distinction"
else:
result = "Passed"
print(result)
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 72 / 74
Python - Decision Making
var = 100
if ( var == 100 ) : print ("Value of expression is 100")
print ("Good bye!")
var = 100
if ( var == 100 ):
print ("Value of var is equal to 100")
else:
print("Value of var is not equal to 100")
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 73 / 74
Python - Decision Making
Nested if statements
num=8
print ("num = ",num)
if num%2==0:
if num%3==0:
print ("Divisible by 3 and 2")
else:
print ("divisible by 2 not divisible by 3")
else:
if num%3==0:
print ("divisible by 3 not divisible by 2")
else:
print ("not Divisible by 2 not divisible by 3")
Ranjeet Ranjan Jha Python Programming December 14, 2024 74 / 74
