LESSON 3

Interpret Plans and Drawings

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of the Lesson, you are expected to do the
following:

LO 1. Draw layout plan of different types of housing; and

LO 2. Enumerate the building codes in constructing poultry and
livestock houses.
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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

Draw layout plan of different types of housing

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

 Types of housing and its components used in poultry and livestock are identified.
 Design of different housing used in poultry and livestock are drawn.

Materials/ Resources

 Instructional video
 Poultry house picture
 Livestock house pictures
 Miniature poultry house or coop
 Projector
 Construction/bond paper
 Pencil
 Ruler
 Eraser


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 What Do You Already Know?

Pretest LO 1

Let us determined how much you already know about Draw layout plan of different types
of housing. Take this test.

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer

1. It is the oldest system and has been used for centuries by general farmers, where there is no
shortage of land.
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system

2. The system of housing is an innovation of recent years. In portable folding units birds being
confined to one small run, the position is changed each day, giving them fresh ground and
the birds finding a considerable proportion of food from the herbage are healthier and harder.
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D Intensive system

3. Where the amount of free space available is limited this system is adopted, but it is
necessary to allow the birds 20-30 square yards per bird of outside run Wherever possible
this space should be divided giving a run on either side of the house of 10-15 square yards
per bird, thus enabling the birds to move onto fresh ground
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system

4. This system is usually adopted where land is limited and expensive, in this system the birds
are confined to the house entirely, with no access to land outside
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system 62

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5. Which is not a design for ventilation system
A Natural ventilation
B. Artificial ventilation
C. Automatically controlled natural ventilation system
D. Fan ventilation system

What Do You Need to Know

Read the information Sheet 1.1 very well then find out how much you can remember and
how much you can learned by doing the check-self 1.1.

Information sheet 1.1

POULTRY HOUSING SYSTEM

Generally, four systems of poultry housing are followed among the poultry keepers The type of
housing adopted depends to a large extent on the amount of ground and the capital available.
Types of poultry housing:
1. Free-range or extensive system
2. Semi-intensive system
3. Folding unit system
4. Intensive system
a Battery System
b. Deep litter system
A. Free-range system
It is the oldest one and has been used for centuries by general farmers where there is no shortage
of land. This system allows great but not unlimited, space to the birds on land where they can
find an appreciable amount of food in the form of herbage, seeds and insects. Birds are protected
from predatory animals and infectious diseases including parasitic infestation. At present due to
advantages of intensive methods the system is almost obsolete.

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B. Semi-intensive system
Where the amount of free space available is limited this system is adopted, but it is necessary to
allow the birds 20-30 square yards per bird of outside run. Wherever possible this space should
be divided giving a run on either side of the house of 10-15 square yards per bird, thus enabling
the birds to move onto fresh ground.
C. Folding-unit system:
This system of housing is an innovation of recent years, in portable folding units beds being
confined to one small run, the position is changed each day, giving them fresh ground and the
birds find a considerable proportion of food from the herbage are healthier and harder For the
farmer the beneficial effect of scratching and manuring on the land is another side effect.
The most convenient folding unit to handle is that which is made for 25 hens. A floor space of 1
square foot should be allowed for each bird in the house, and 3 square feet in the run, so that a
total floor space for the whole unit is 4 square feet per bird, as with the intensive system.
A suitable measurement for a folding house to take 25 birds is 5 feet wide and 20 feet long, the
house being 5 x 5, one-third of the run. The part nearest the house is covered in and the
remaining 10 open with wire netting sides and top
Disadvantages
 The food and water must be carried back and forth out to the birds and eggs.
 There is some extra labor involved in the regular moving of the fold units
D. Intensive System This system is usually adopted where land is limited and expensive. In this
system the birds are confined to the house entirely, with no access to land outside. This has only
been made possible by admitting the direct rays of the sun on to the floor of the house so that
part of the windows are removable, or either fold or slide down to permit the ultraviolet rays to
reach the birds. Under the intensive system, Battery (cage system) and Deep litter methods are
most common
1. Battery system. This is the most intensive type of poultry production and is useful to
those with only a small quantity of floor space at their disposal in the battery system each hen is
confined to a cage just large enough to permit very limited movement and allow her to stand and
sit comfortably. The usual floor space is 14 x 16 inches and the height. 17 inches. The floor is of
standard strong galvanized wire set at a slope from back to the front, so that the eggs as they are
laid roll out of the cage to a receiving gutter. Underneath is a tray for droppings. Both food and
water receptacles are outside the cage.
Many small cages can be assembled together, if necessary it may be multistoried. The
whole structure should be metal so that parasites will be harbored and thorough disinfection can
be carried out as required. Provided the batteries of cages are set up in a place which is well
ventilated and lighted, is not too hot and is vermin proof and that the food meets all nutritional
needs, this system has proved to be advantageous

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Advantages:
 Remarkably successful in the tropical countries
 It requires a minimum expenditure of energy from the birds as they spend all time in the
shade
 It lessens the load of excess body heat.
 The performance of each bird can be noted and culling easily carried out.

2. Deep litter system

In this system the poultry birds are kept in large pens up to 250 birds each, on floor covered with
litters like straw, saw dust or leaves up to depth of 8-12 inches. Deep litter resembles to dry
compost. In other words, we can define deep litter, as the accumulation of the material used for
litter with poultry manure until it reaches a depth of 8 to 12 inches. The build-up has to be
carried out correctly to give desired results, which takes very little attention.
Advantages
 Birds and eggs we safely enclosed in deep intensive pen, which has strong wire netting or
expanded metal.
 Built-up deep inter also supplies some of the food requirements of the birds. They obtain
"Animal Protein Factor” from deep litter.
 The level of coccidiosis and worm infestation is much lower with poultry kept on good
deep litter than with birds (or chicken) in bare yards. Well managed deep litter kept in dry
condition with no wet spots around waterer has a sterilizing action.
 With correct conditions observed with well managed litter there is no need to clean a pen
out for a whole year, the only attention is the regular stirring and adding of some maternal
as needed.

Basic Rules for deep litter system

 Do not have too many birds in the pen-one bird for every 3 % to 4 and preferably 5
square feet of floor space.
 Provide sufficient ventilation to enable the litter to keep in correct condition.
 Keep the litter dry. This is probably the master work in a deep litter system. If the litter
gets soaked by leaking from roofs or from water vessels, it upsets the whole process and
would have to start over again. All probable precautions should be taken to maintain the
litters completely dry.
 Stir the litter regularly. Turning the litter (just like digging in a garden) at least once
weekly is very important in maintaining a correct build-up of deep litter.

Poultry Houses May Be Classified According to:

1. The number of rooms or pens they contain (eg. continuous and colony houses)
2. Their portability or permanence (eg portable colony houses and permanent colony
houses)
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 3. The style of roof
4. It has been observed that a greater number of layers thrive well and produce more in
the open type of laying house. The layer eats less and lay more eggs than those layers
housed in a closed type.

Orientation and Construction of a Poultry House

The orientation and construction of a poultry house should be in conformity with

the system of managing birds. They may be adopted by the poultry raiser to minimize
housing cost. When building a poultry house, make sure that the cage does not face
towards the prevailing winds and heavy rains Although the house should allow free
circulation of ar. It should not be so open that rain will blow in and wet the interior of the
poultry house. The house should be built in a way that is penetrated by sunshine which
will keep the poultry house dry.

A good poultry house can be made out of bamboo as sidings, pieces of wood for
post, and it to the birds and expenses for housing can. These materials provide of wood
for and comfort to can be minimized.
Types of Roofs for Poultry Houses
There are various types of construction. The construction may be determined by
the following factors:
1. availability of materials
2. amount of investment
3. size of operations
Types of Roofs used in Poultry Houses
 Shed or single span type. This type of roof is used in small construction which makes use
of the simplest materials.
 Cable or double span. This type of roof is the most common type of roof system.
 Monitor type. This type of roof is ideal for big establishment especially in commercial
farms. It is actually double span with an outlet of air at the top of the roof.
 Semi-monitor type. This type of roof is similar to the monitor type except that the outlet
of air is made on one side only.

HOUSING SYSTEM FOR LIVESTOCK (PIGERY)

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Pig houses must be designed and constructed properly for good health and well being of the pigs
to obtain maximum performance and savings in labor costs. Bear in mind that a good building
may not improve the health condition of the pigs, but a poor one will certainly increase the risk
of incurring diseases. If the environment is uncomfortable, the pig is subjected to stress, making
them prone to infection.
Factors to Consider in Constructing a Pig Farm
a. Site selection
The first step in putting up or expanding a piggery project is the selection of the site. It is
important to consider the following during selection:
1. Availability and accessibility of essential services such as feed suppliers or stores, water and
electricity sources.
2. The surroundings should be suitable for construction of drainage and manure disposal, thus
there should be ample distance from neighbors and other farms. The site should comply with
local policies like-zoning and environmental considerations

3. The possibility of expansion should also be considered.

b. Zoning and Permits
Check out local zoning laws and regulations for a proposed location. If it is zoned on. another
other man's agricultural property, study the situation carefully before building the pig pen or pig
house. Secure all required permits such as building, environmental and other permits required by
the government before constructing.
c. Accessibility
Check the availability and cost of feeds, water and electricity. Water source should be able to
supply for the peak demands and for future expansion. Keep in mind that water demand is thrice
the weight of feed consumed plus wastage (15%) and water for cleaning (30%). If high
electricity demand is anticipated, a standby generator can also be considered. A farm to market
road should also be accessible to facilitate the transport of feeds and pigs throughout the year.
d. Distance from other farms
Ideal distance from other farms and neighbors is about one kilometer. This will serve as a natural
screen in the prevention of diseases- Distance from the neighbors will prevent complaints
regarding pig odors, flies, noise and pollution.

Building Orientation and Ventilation

The front side of the building should be facing EAST and the rear side should be facing
WEST This would prevent the animals from 100 much exposure to the sunlight. This orientation
would ensure equal distribution of sunlight throughout the day

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 Areas regularly visited by outsiders should be situated near the gate. These areas are
offices, feed bodega or storage, market area and finishers pen. The farm road should be near the
pig houses with alleys connecting them.
The health condition of the pigs can be affected by the specific swine house climate. Any
disturbance in this climate can cause respiratory and intestinal diseases. The pigs in the
Philippines are not expected to perform as efficiently as the pigs in the temperate region since the
prevailing environmental temperature in the country is 24-35°C. The comfort zone of the pigs in
the temperate region is between 18.5-20 °C. Thus, it is very important to make the animals
comfortable by designing a pig house with high roofing and proper ventilation.
Different Designs of Ventilation System
a. Natural ventilation is mainly a ventilation system which depends on wind effect and
convection effect. Ventilation in wind effect is created by the windblown against one side
of the building creating suction pressure. In the convection effect, ventilation is caused by
a still or slowly moving air. One example of natural ventilation is the monitor type
building.
b. Automatically controlled natural ventilation system is a system where curtains or
flaps are installed/constructed on the sides installed/constructed on the sides of the
building, and adjusted when the temperature inside the pen is high or low Curtains can be
used to prevent draft and as a protection for the rapid change of temperature in the
evening during inclement weather.
c. Fan ventilation system uses a fan to maintain the normal temperature inside the pen
Ventilating or oscillating fans/blowers are the most commonly used equipment for putting
air where it is needed. One problem with this system is that it entails additional cost for
running the fan.

Normal air movement inside the house is very important. Thus, pig houses should not be
constructed too close to each other. A distance of 10-15 meters between houses should be
maintained for proper ventilation. However, this practice is too expensive. To make full use of
the land, trees should be planted between buildings or buildings can be constructed near the rice
fields, vegetable gardens, biogas lagoon, or fish ponds. This set-up is suitable for ecological
balance to keep the surroundings cooler. As much as possible, the walls should have holes or G. I
pipes or steel bars or railings to ensure air flow. Although high perimeter walls are needed for
security reasons, it is wiser to use barbed wire or posts with barbed wire.
Construction of very wide houses does not prevent ventilation problems. On the other hand,
wide houses are not very efficient in heat exchange since accumulation of body heat by the pigs
increases the temperature inside the house. To be efficient, the width of the house should not be
more than 10 meters.

Building Pig Houses

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In constructing pig houses, give close attention on the different parts of the building and the
materials to be used. Building pig houses involved costs, however, don't sacrifice the quality of
the materials or its lifespan should be a major consideration
a. Floor construction. There is a direct and unavoidable contact between the pig and the
flooring. Thus, the texture and the slope of the floor are two main considerations during the
construction
b. Ground Pen. In ground pen, the flooring should be set firmly on the earth free from
organic matters or on well tramped gravel or crush rock fills. The floor should not be too rough
to avoid foot and leg problems. On the other hand, a very smooth floor becomes slippery which
can also cause leg problems it is recommended that the flooring should be finished with the use
of a wooden trowel. The slope should be two to three percent, which means a two to three cm
depth per meter length towards the canal.
c. Slatted flooring. Slatted floors allow the pig manure to drop or to be forced through
the slats. This lessens direct contact of the pig with the wastes possibly carrying pathogenic
organisms and/or parasites. Recommended slat spacing for fatteners is two centimeters.

How Much Have You Learned

Self- check 1.1

ACTIVITY#1
Multiple choice: Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. It is the oldest system and has been used for centuries by general farmers, where there is no
shortage of land.
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system

2. The system of housing is an innovation of recent years. In portable folding units birds being
confined to one small run, the position is changed each day, giving them fresh ground and
the birds finding a considerable proportion of food from the herbage are healthier and harder.
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system

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 D Intensive system

3. Where the amount of free space available is limited this system is adopted, but it is
necessary to allow the birds 20-30 square yards per bird of outside run Wherever possible
this space should be divided giving a run on either side of the house of 10-15 square yards
per bird, thus enabling the birds to move onto fresh ground
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system

4. This system is usually adopted where land is limited and expensive, in this system the birds
are confined to the house entirely, with no access to land outside
A. Free-range or extensive system
B. Semi-intensive system
C. Folding unit system
D. Intensive system 62
5. Which is not a design for ventilation system
A Natural ventilation
B. Artificial ventilation
C. Automatically controlled natural ventilation system
D. Fan ventilation system
6. It must be designed and constructed properly for good health and well being of the pigs to
obtain maximum performance and savings in labor costs.
A. Pig houses
B. Cow house
C. Chick house
D. Fan ventilation system
7. The first step in putting up or expanding a piggery project is the selection of the site. It is
important to consider the following during selection.
A. Site selection
B. Zoning and permit
C. Accessibility
D. Distance for other farm
8. This will serve as a natural screen in the prevention of diseases- Distance from the neighbors
will prevent complaints regarding pig odors, flies, noise and pollution.
A. Site selection
B. Zoning and permit
C. Accessibility
D. Distance for other farm
9. Check the availability and cost of feeds, water and electricity. Water source should be able to
supply for the peak demands and for future expansion.

A. Site selection
B. Zoning and permit
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 C. Accessibility
D. Distance for other farm
10. Check out local zoning laws and regulations for a proposed location. If it is zoned on. another
other man's agricultural property, study the situation carefully before building the pig pen or pig
house.
A. Site selection
B. Zoning and permit
C. Accessibility
D. Distance for other farm

How Do You Extend What You Have Learned?

Show that you learned something by doing the activity

ACTIVITY#2

TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct, write FALSE if the statement is
wrong.
1. Floor construction is a direct and unavoidable contact between the pig and the flooring. Thus,
the texture and the slope of the floor are two main considerations during the construction.

2. Slatted floors allow the pig manure to drop or to be forced through the slats. This lessens
direct contact of the pig with the wastes possibly carrying pathogenic organisms and/or parasites.

3. Ground pen is the flooring should be set firmly on the earth free from organic matters or on
well tramped gravel or crush rock fills.

4. Ventilation in wind effect is created by the windblown against one side of the building creating
suction pressure.

5. Fan ventilation system uses a fan to maintain the normal temperature inside the pen
Ventilating or oscillating fans/blowers are the most commonly used equipment for putting air
where it is needed.

6. Monitor type is use in small construction which make use of the simplest materials.

7. Semi-monitor type is type of roof is similar to the monitor type except that the outlet of air is
made on one side only.
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8. Battery system is the most intensive type of poultry production and is useful to those with only
a small quantity of floor space at their disposal in the battery system each hen is confined to a
cage just large enough to permit very limited movement and allow her to stand and sit
comfortably.
9. Shed or single span type is ideal for big establishing especially in commercial farms.
10. Cable or double span is similar to the monitor type of except the outlet air of air is made on
one side only.

What I know

ACTIVITY#3
Directions: Draw your own layout poultry house/houses in short bond paper.

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