AD VA NC ED TECHNO

LOGY (D U)
DEFENCE I NS TIT UT E OF ·
. Girinagar, Punc-411025
ber 2024
EX AM IN AT IO N: Decem Code· AE 605
M .T I1 ENI> SEMESTF.U Max. M~rks: 50
· re • '
Course: FL03IGhouHT MECHANICS
Duration : rs
t each question.
I. Marks are indicated agains eled.
ite clearly and leg ibly. All diagrams are to be neatly lab
2. Wr
3. Answer all Five questions.
- 4. Use of Calculators is pennit
ted.

of {A) or (B)
Question 1: Answer either
·w ··
. . t, ~ night, in longitudinal-vertical plane, at an inst3nt in
m of an aircq1f ack. Sh~w clearly all the
. (a) Draw a Free Body Diagra ust line, flight path angle and angle of att . _.
ect ion , thr . .
time. Show flight pathftdir
in flig ht.
forces acting on aircra
. • ·_ o2marli : ·· . -
'

._ _· <__ ·ti9·:ifo--~f~ a~ ft [Link] flight. ·

· 1· ' '

. 02 marls ··. . . . _
. _ •. • · · :

. . ·.f • •:
·
{ · ·: · :

the general equations of ~o

. (b) Derive _ el-unaccelerated' 11;. ,
equa~o ns of mo tion into equations of motion for 'lev01 llltlrb'
l
(c) Reduce the ~enera tions clearly.
State assumptions/condi ,•
12, in power-offglide, [Link]
,
o)...=
d) For an aircraft having (Ci/C
02 ma rk
(i) minimum glide ql o ft. 02 ma rk
Und from an altitude of 5000
(ii) ~ u m range over &n?
QB

!ID
tiy ~fan ~ -is given belo~:
· Approximate wing g;_o~e

. ,. ... . , .

ri
c,

1 ------ -
1 -- -- --- Y ,- -v-,--._
t- ._ _ _ _ _ ___,

- - - - ~ e n · - -·- - - - - 1
,....l

11S
Where,

cr -' 7.2 ft.

b/2 • 16,7 ft. >. .. 0.5.4
y • 18 ft.
c, - 3.9 ft. v, s: 11.1 ft. 2
cl .. ,.4-4/~ad. c/C aa 0.18 ft.
S = 184 ft. 2
"w

Value of t = 0.36
For a tapered wing the chord can be a pre~ u a runction or 1 by &he l:>llowinJ
relationship:

estimate the roll control power,. c,._.

Hint: -.

c,., • 2c,,
Sb
,,

0,ndp■ 2;

a) For Gliding Flight make a neat Free body diagram of an aircraft and show that
(i) tan y s ([Link])·' 0 J Mam
1
(ii) v. • [(2cos T/ p.C..} (W/S)] /J 02 Mam

Where. y is glide angle w.r.L horizon, taken positive below horizon

b) For an aircraft having (Q/Co). . = I I, in power-off glide, calculate,
(i) minimum glide angle 02 Marb ..
(ii) maximum range over ground from an ahitudc of 8,000 ft. 02 Marks

c) Explain, nn briefly. the following: 03 Marks

(i) Definition of Static Roll stability.

(ii) 'Weathercock stability'.
(iii) Contribution of high wing configuration to dihedral effect.

215
 Question 3: · Answer either of(A) or {.8}

With help of a neat diagram, show that the wing's contribution to aircraft's Cmo and Cma ls given
by .
(a) (Cmo)-: "" (Cm 1c)w + (CLo)w (Xc1/c .. X,Jc) .... :............................................... 5 marks
(b) (Cma.)w • ([Link]~ (Xc1/c .. X1Jc) ........................................................................ 5 marks
Where,
• Cmo is coefficient of pitching-moment at zero angle of attack ..
• Cm ac is coefficient of pitching moment about wing's aerodynamics centre.
• Cto is coefficient of lift at zero angle of attack. · ·
• Cmo. .. (dCm)/da
• C1.o.=(dCL)/da . · · . ·· · ·, . ·. · .
• X . is distance of aircraft e.g. measured from wing tead~ng: ~~g~: ~l?!lg fuselage reference
li~. ·"t" • '• ." •."'.. ·•· -,~ -:,,,_,: ; ' ·.1.-~\•r•:··~:::~••.•·--:_:·.·:·.::··''"; ·i".. . : .. ·
• , X.C is distance of wing's aerodynamic 'center from wing'~ leading edge measured along
. ..~i::::t!;:;:i: ~~or~ ~-f-~~{~:/:::'_-: _-/': , :.·.·~ .·.;:i·. ::\ i,·-~-~:..;.:.
• · Subscript w represents wing's contribution. . . .... :- .
.. . .
' • ~ 4 . • • _ ... .

' : ~

2R
on
1be wmg-fuselage pitching moment characteristics of an aircraft are given by:
. _·· · IO Marks

. (Cm)wr= - 0.05 "."" 0..0035 a

. . . .. . wh~re, a is Fuselage R~ference Line (FRL) angle of attack in degrees.
Estimate the horizontal ~I area··and incid~[Link] (setting angle) sue}). that the pitching
; m_oment characteristics of ~h~le _a irc~ _( ~ ~selag~ ~),~ ~y~n byr --~- _- _'- : .
· , · '., ., ·.. ·. (Cm)ate• '. O,tS &b.02se1 ·.·· : 1 :~- · .~. ,.' • ·•.· ',.' ': ,._,. ·::. • • . .

- :. ,· :.·.·· where, a is Fuselage Reference Line (FRL5 aiig}e'ofattack iI1degtee8 · · .·,·-·.•." ';Iii~
. . ... ..... ·,•:•· .~.-.. .. ,.·,_.· ..... f,.,,.,~,. ~_,.· •- •~. •!,: ' '-~' -.: ..···... ... . ...
' ,. ·.: ' ~-?·,. ,t __ ·::·· !·~·•.l>~~t-• · ·. -, ' • ..... .·•,'
. .. · ·. :·. Aircraft Data .. :'. 1
_ •• >.:
Wing area= 178 ft2 ; : - wing span= 35.9 ft; "• w~g [Link] (c) =5.0 ft;
(Ct) a-<>.= 0.26; (Xc1 /c) = 0. i; wing Aspect Ratio-= 7.3;
(CLG)wr = 0.07 per degree; wing setting angle (iw) -= 2.0 deg.

tail moment ann (la)= 14.75 ft; tail Aspect Ratio= ~t85;
11 = I; (CLa), = 0.073 per degree;

(CLG)w could be taken to be approximately equal to (CLu)wr

315
 . 4: Answrr
Ourshon · r1·th.e r of CA} or (D}
w

. . d show that the lift off distance,

(i) With the help of a free-body-diagram of an aircraft on groun ' 08 Marks ·
SLO, is given by the following expression:

SLO = (1.44 W2) / (g poo S CLm1s T)

• Assume Thrust and

Weight to be constant during ground run.
• State, clearly, all the assumptions made to .arrive at the expressiol}.

(ii) Draw the forces acting on aircraft (parall~l to ground) vs. ground distance diagram .
.- 02 marks

•
e eof Cm versus CL curve is -0.14 and the pitching ~oment coefficient at
(i) If . slo .
zero .1, determine the trim lift coefficient. If the center of gravity of the
airp~e ._ ., determine the stick fixed neutral point. .
·· · .. _ · · OS marks
•' ' . ....
(ii) Estimate the elevator effectiveness p11ma11IH'lt
at landing. Elevator deflection angle is constrained to +2JthlNt1M .i
The pitching moment curve during landing is given '18:
Cm= - 0.20 - 0.035 a (a is in degrees) ·
Also, Horizontal tail volume ratio (VH) = 0.66
Tail Efficiency (11) =1.0
Tail Lift curve slope (C1.a)t = 3.9/rad OS marks

\
 Question 5;

(a) For M aircraflfollowing data and Crn vs Ct graph, for various 6. dcOcction,, Is glven: 07 Marks

0.15 W • ·2,-760 lb
S • 180 ft 2
0.10
cg• Q.•25 c-
. ·': '

0.05

cmco o.o
--0.05 .

-0:10

-0.15

Find.
(i) Tbc llidr. fixed neutral point. . .
(a11f6e airplane is to fly at a velocity of J IO 1Vsec at sea level, find the trim hft
codficient and the elevator angle for trim.
Density at sea level _is 0.002317 slug/ft3, · • •·
. '. . . ··.

(b)Foran ~(data given bel~.;,,J in LU flight ~t (Pa}m,.. F~ · ·:. ·,• : . · :' ·' . 03 marks -
• :r , ., • :, _' •• t • i • I ., _ :· ) ,.'1

(i)Velocity(V..J . ·:.-.:- ·· '. • :'. - - • · · •.· _; · • • · . •· • •.·•·

(ii) 'ratio [Link]-Iitt-dtag fo induced-drag' . ... : ~ ' ' .. . : . . -~ ... . .
(iii) Aerodynamic efficiency (UD) , · · . •. · ..
. . . ·.... : .. ; ~ , - .. •. _. ' '

The density at flight altitude is P:,, • 8.9068~10-4 sl~~ ·· : ;"

- Aircraft P•hi -··.
Weight• J00,000 lbs
Wing Arca• 1280 ft2
Coo•0.018
~-0.08

Given Formulas:
(Cma)t =._TJVH (C1.a)t (1- (dt/da)]
(Cmo)t =l)VH (CLa)t (iw + Eo ·it)
Cm6, = • l)VH (CLa)t 't
£ =: (2 CLw) /(rtARw)

«1' •[1"] ~ [~]

SIS
r
' . .
~~ .
i
U,, ·IJNO [Link] Y(Ol !)
, . ,Nn,: 1Ns ·,11·1 r1't:O FAD VAN ("[Link] ~
, (1irlnft1EM', P11ne..f I I02' .

, ~tild r 1,. Mt•*''

__ __ __ __
tae•; September lQ.Z◄
,. d . At; All'
(~ l'~e· l'J'
-- - - -- ~Q e._,,,;_- .
~ I. M111·ks ~ ~~cclMnfQt_.
2. W .• arc ind it• I -'1 cpdlnn,
3 t lie clcnl'J , 1111nlcd ll~ninJAff lflagrtmtS Are tc, be n~atly labeled.
· Ans,vcr 1111 ) d lrg,111:t• •
-------:__or4. U of1h
C'AlcuJA1 0~/~~~ l=~ ,on ~.
I. For· anai,,,_,_ft , . ---- ---- ... _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _-:-_ _ __ _ __ _...__
a1rct'llft (d d
(i) V ala give l ~In ,
.. elocity (V ) n )elow) In LU ffisht 11 (Pa),,r.. 01 mark
(It) Aerod ~- .. 01 mark
Yn11mic effi . "' "')
1c1cncy ,.,. ....
The densit
A. ' Yat Oigh1 altirude Is p,e • 8.9068x 10_. slup/1\J
•reran Daf!l
Weight ,,. 98.000 [Link]
w·
ing A~a, ,. 1250 n2
C0o""O.Ot8
K-.""0 .08

. .
2. For an aircraft havmg (C&J'CI>)- == 14, in power-off glide, calculate,

(a) lllinimum glide angle

e of 8,000 ft.
(b) t01ximum range over ground from an altitud

!·F~ 8 propeller air ~ find Ta at sea level. The

aircraft is cruising at velocity ao) =
..• ·
200 ft/s in (V
. . :
ens ,ty 1s 0.002377 siuplft5.
Aircraft Data
Wingspan'"" .35.8ft2
ft; - /,.
,.,\ ..
w·

--~---~~ ,~ wt,·,~•, E~~ --.,_,. .

,
_: . mg~ =:= 174 ; . .. .

~I; , . :
\ Powerp,£ F~~ .engineof230hpatsealev .i....._,__l _ , .
\~
J 1\ '
Specific fuel consumption = 0.45 lb/(hp1<ii1:'-"'.., .,
= 0.025;\ ·. ~ - · - --
1
Parasite drag coefficient CDo
, ..
Oswald efficiency factor e = 0.8; ' ·
• • Propeller efficiency =
0.8; ~i) :', .
1

r choice. D~ '•··
Sel~ t the correct ~swe
For questions 4 to ~\ . each question is half mark.
I
• I I • "

4. The dnl~ polar ofa wing contains the follow

ing parameters '1.
~ ~~,
'' I
' • , ·
• •
..

cient
• drag coefficient at [Link] lift and square of lift coem
I \·.
t } aspect ratio of the wing
Oswald efficiency factor

5. .,ag coefficient pertains to

rag of a finite wing

· ·· tio of drag at uro lift to drag at angle of stall

1e of the above
 _ _ _ n,,111 1nir1
•tfi"nJlnlfifJl\l!ll1Mlff llli llllll1P'PUlllll11Jll lll HII11111 11 .1• lltllll
- - -...,. •- - - -•u,,., ,,,...,::,.,nrti/ 'tftffill"\l
1

(DU)
DEFENCE INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
Oirinagar, Pune-41 J02.5
[Link]. 2nd Mo_nthly Exam October 2024

Course· Flight Mechanics Code· AE 605

Duration· Pl hours Max. Marks· IO

~ I. Marks are indicated against each question .

2. Write clearly and legibly. All diagrams are to be neatly labeled.
3. Answer all of the following questions.
4. Use of calculators is pennissible.

carries half mark:

I . Give very short & precise answers to the following. Each question full sentences.)
· (Concisely and specific answen required. No need to write
(Any unasked-for expla~ations will attract marks penalty) OJ Marks

(i) An aircraft is in un-accelerated glide at constant glide angle.

State the condition under which, starting from a given altitude,
the ground range would be maximum.

(ii) How does altitude affect the max rate of climb of an aircraft.
oonstant altitude.
(iii) State the necessary condition for sustained level tum which ensures
to one, what is the bank angle at this velocity .
(iv) In sustained level tum, at some velocity, n.. becomes equal
(n..), ls equal to I.
(v) In a sustained level tum, at what velocity the mu load fmor,
and '9'all velocity for level-un-acceleraled flight•.
(vi) Stale the relation between 'stall velocity for sustained-level-tum'

\ __ ·
2. (a) From, first principles, show lhll lbe Ranae of• Jct111
aircraft is:
11 l
' - R• 2 (2 / p. S) {1 /c,) l(CL)lll/CDJ f(W1) - (Wt)'
111

without fuel.
Where, R is Range; Ct is TSFC; Wo is Gross weight; We is weight
St111e, clc11rly, all the assumptions made 10 arrive II the c:xpn:ssion.
of 30000 ft. The maximum usable weight of fuel is
(h) Es1i111111e the maximum Ranee of a jc:f aircraft II cruise altitude 02 Marks
l(CL)IIJ/Col- • 2.5
29.S00 lb. 111c TSFC of engines at 30000 ft is 0.69 per hour. Also,
3
x 10◄ slug/ft
Jtt Ajr1nQ D1r1; Gross weight • 73000 lbs; S • 9S0 ftZ; At 30000 ft, p.. = 8.9068

400 km/h. Maximum Lift coefficient is 1.2. Calculate

3. For an aircraft, flying at sea level, in level tum, lhe comer velocil)' is 02 Marks
the miaimum tuna ndius and malimum aana nte.

Wing na • 47 m2
Weight• 103,047 N
ThNSI • 80.600 N at a level
Air density II sea level• 1.225 Kgtm>
Acceleration due to gravity • 9.1 m/s2

Hinl:
' 'RIie OflUnl'• '/2 / (a (r•J)'
5J
•tum Rate'• (a (r-1)' 5) / V
 DEFENCE INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY (DU)
. Girinagar, Pune-411025
[Link]. 3rd Monthly Exam: November 2024

Course: Flight Mechanics Code: AE 605

Duration: OI hours Max. Marks: 10
I. Marks are indicated against each question. ·
2. Write clearly and legibly. All diagrams are to be neatly labeled.
3. Answer all of the following questions.
4. Use of Calculators is pennitted.

l) With help of a neat diagram, show that the ~ing's contribution to ·aircraft's Cmo and Cina is
given by ·· ' ' ··

i) (Cmo) = (Cm ac)w + (CLO)w (XcJc • X./c) ..................................;.................03 marks

ii) (Cn.)w• (CLca)w (XeJc - X./c).....................................................................03 marks ·

. \.
Where, '
1 .
' .. •
. .
- • - - · · • · Cmo is coefficient of pitching moment at [Link] angle of attack.
.....
. , -,.. \ .
. . . .. - ; ~ . J _,._

• Cm•c is coefficient of pitching moment about wing' s aerodynamics ~ntre.

• CLO is coefficient of lifl at zero angle of attack.
• Cma = (dCm)/da
• C1..a "" (dCL)/ da
• ,Xe, is distance of aircraft e.g. from wing leading along edge, measured along
fuselage reference line.
• Xec: is distance of wing's aerodynamic centre from wing's leading edge measured
· along fuselage reference line.
• c is mean aerodynamic chord of ~ing.
• Subscript w represents wing's contribution.

2) Given.
(c...}. • (C..).+ (Cu). {Xq/c- X./c)
A
(c..,.;- (Ca.).
; .
<X.!c. X./c)

Show that b , ..... ..._ .... ofwc, followina must be 1n1e

. ,
(i) For [Link], lonskudllal stability of liraaft lo be poaitive, the wing aaodynamic center mM1t be
baled aft of lircraA c.a. (measured~ FRL from wiag•s leading edge) 02 Jlllfb

(ii) ,.. Furlhw, in lddiliaa to posili"C Slatic Loctgitudinal Slability. if die lirad is
· lob- 1Tb: Ible olla positive ..... ofabck, lhe wiag croa section mUII have
• negalwec:aber. 0211111b.