Language Study Guide (USAC)
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ScribdTranslationsLanguage Study Guide (USAC)
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ScribdTranslationsLanguage Study Guide
LanguageSystem of signs used in a language that serves to
individuals to communicate (e.g. Spanish is a system of signs, that's why it is
a language; Morse code is another language, etc.)
Language:General aspect of language. Language is a general model and
constant that exists in the consciousness of all members of a
determined linguistic community (e.g. "In Spanish there are sharp words,"
grave, proparoxytone and superproparoxytone
SpeakParticular use of language (how each person speaks in particular, e.g.
The doctor told me I had nothing,
makes use of the language, every time someone uses the language it is an act of
speak)
Language, therefore, is a social phenomenon, while speech is
individual
THE LINGUISTIC SIGNS.
Phonetics: Studies the physical characteristics of sounds in human speech.
Phonology: Studies the organization of sounds to form the particular language system.
Morphology: Studies words and their structure.
Syntax: Studies the combinations of words to form larger units of
construction.
Semantics: It studies the meaning of words. The sender is the one who produces or encodes the message.
and it emits.
The receiver is the one who receives and deciphers it.
The code is a set of signs and rules for combining them.
The message composed or encrypted by the sender according to the code.
The channel is the route through which the message circulates: writing, the telegraphic or telephone cable, the
air (in sound messages); the paper
where it is written, drawn or printed, etc.
The situation in which the message is transmitted
Non-linguistic signs
they are the ones that do not use the word Example The signs of the routes.
semáforos <rojo-no avanzar-amarillo.-precaución-verde -avanzar > Otros
non-linguistic signs no parking signs -etc.
DENOTATIVE LANGUAGEit is the set of articulated sounds that the being
Humans use it to manifest what they think or feel, objectively, that is,
that what it says matches exactly with its general meaning of
dictionary, unintentionally report or express something different from what is clearly and
precision is said.
CONNOTATIVE LANGUAGE, in opposition to the denotative, is to manifest something
with a subjective meaning, that is, the one that the person themselves wants to give it
subject, that is why it is subjective), for example, if someone calls a woman "bitch"
it is not intended to say that it is a mammal from the family of the
canes, less than one meter in length, including the tail, with an elongated snout and
pointy ears, but it intends to give it a pejorative (offensive) meaning,
, derogatory, contemptuous), that she is an easy woman. The connotations are
they are used a lot in poems.
To make it clearer for you, I give you the following examples:
FRASES DENOTATIVAS: 1.- Esa bota es café; 2.- El sillón es grande: 3.- El
The weather is cold;
CONNOTATIVE PHRASES: 1.- Your ruby lips (does not mean that they are made of
precious stone, but they are red); 2. - When it got hot, it started to
crying the ice
turtle for learning.
Compound words
Compound words are those formed by two or more simple words.
Ej.: Sabelotodo, paraguas, correveidile.
Parts of the dictionary
General structure
This work consists of several parts:
I. The dictionary proper, formed by the different entries
ordered alphabetically.
II. A set of five appendices, with the following content:
Appendix 1: Verb Conjugation Models.
Appendix 2: List of abbreviations.
Appendix 3: List of Alphabetizable Symbols.
Appendix 4: List of non-alphabetizable symbols or signs.
Appendix 5: List of countries and capitals, with their demonyms.
III. A glossary of linguistic terms that, with simple definitions, clarifies
the grammatical concepts used in the dictionary to the readers who it
precise.
IV. The list of cited sources, where the complete data is offered
identifiers of the sources cited in the usage examples.
semantic fieldit is a set of words or significant elements
with related meanings, as they share a core of
meaning common semantic (sema) and they are differentiated by another series of
distinguishing semantic features.
A semantic field would be constituted by a group of words that are
related by their meaning, sharing certain common characteristics
or referential.
Grammatical accidents
This is referred to in traditional grammar as the modification of the variable words of the
sentences present in their form to express the different grammatical categories.
So, grammatical accidents refer to the changes that a word undergoes in
how much to suggest and to its number.
Accidents allow for agreement between the variable parts of the sentence.
In Spanish, the words that vary are: the noun, the adjective, the pronoun, the article and
the verb.
The grammatical accident can affect the structure of the word, if it changes the form of the
Vocabulary (in personal pronouns); to the mode of expression, when using prepositions according to
the cases; or to the meaning.
Every word is composed of two parts: lexeme and morpheme. The lexeme is the root of the
word, which gives meaning to the word. The morpheme is the inflection, that is, its
termination. (SeeMorphemes)
In some cases, the noun does not have grammatical gender as an accident.
wordpartridgesthe wordproblemthey have nothing to indicate that they are female or
male.
Adjectives have variation in number, in their singular and plural forms.
The summit is snow-capped.
The peaks are snow-covered.
The ship thickener.
The boats are fishing boats.
Not all adjectives have variation between the masculine and feminine genders.
For example: A big elephant.
A big doll
The verb has verbal morphemes, which indicate the grammatical accidents it possesses.
These grammatical accidents correspond to change or modification.
The term semanticsit refers to the aspects of meaning,
meaning or interpretation of a specific element,
symbol, word, expression or formal representation. In principle
any means of expression (formal or natural language) allows for a
correspondence between expressions of symbols or words and
situations or sets of things that are found in the world
physical or abstract that can be described by such means of
expression.
Syntactic analysisYes, in the field of Linguistics, the analysis
of syntactic functions or agreement relations and
hierarchy that the words maintain by grouping together in
phrases or sentences. Since the limit is often not clear
between syntax and morphology in these respects, especially
depending on the type of language in question, it is also common to
to be called morphosyntactic analysis, although this designation
It is usually reserved for a deeper and more thorough analysis.
DiphthongIt is the combination of two vowels into a single syllable.
One of those vowels must be theIor theUbutwithout tonic accent(that is,
the voice should not be imposed on the vowel when pronouncing correctly
word that carries it).
There are fourteen combinations that form a diphthong:
ai pai-sa-je ai-res bai-lan-do
au pau-sa jau-la lau-rel
Triphthongit is the combination, in a single syllable, of three vowels. The
The Royal Academy of Language, in its 'Orthography', defines the triphthong as
the set of three vowels that are pronounced in the same syllable.
triphthongs are formed by an open vowel (a, e, o) that occupies the
intermediate position between two closed vowels (i, u), none of the
What could be tonic.
According to this definition, the following combinations can occur for
to form a triphthong:
iau iai uai uau ieu iei
uei ueu iou ioi uoi uou
WHEN THERE ARE TWO VOWELS IN HIATUS
When the accent falls on a vowel that is in hiatus with another, it is placed
tilde or not, according to the general rules:
peón poeta teatro poético
THE DRAFTING OF THE DOCUMENT
When the time has come to properly write the document, a
complex aspect that requires decisions refers to the place and moment in which
that work must be fulfilled
