SYSTEM

ANALYSIS
AND DESIGN
Asra Shanzeh
Topics Covered
• System Analysis and System Design
• Properties of system
• Elements of system
• Types of systems
• System models
• System development Lifecycle
• Data Gathering & Data Analysis
• System development and
implementation
• Documentation
Introduction
• System analysis and design is a process that many companies use to
evaluate particular business situations and develop ways to improve
them.
• System Analysis: is a process of collecting and interpreting facts,
identifying the problems, and decomposition of a system into its
components
• Problem solving technique that improves the system.
• Analysis specifies what system should do.
• System Design: It is the process of planning a new business system or
replacing an existing system by defining its components or modules to
satisfy the specific requirements.
Properties of the system
1. Organization: implies structure and order, or arrangements of
components
2. Interaction: It is defined by the manner in which components
operate with each other. For example, in an organization purchasing
department must interact with production department and payroll
with personal department
3. Interdependence: means how components of a system depend on
one another
4. Integration: means how system components are connected
together.
5. Central objective: the objective of the system must be central, real.
Elements of a system
Types of a system
1. Physical and abstract systems which we can touch and feel physical system may be
static or dynamic in nature. For example, desk and chairs are the physical parts of
computer center which are static abstract systems are non-physical entities. They may
be formulas representation of a model or a real system
2. open and closed systems An open system must interact with its environment. For
example, an information system which must adapt to changing environmental
conditions
3. Adaptive and non-adaptive systems for example,adaptative: human beings and
animals non-adaptatives which do not respond to environment for example machines
4. Temporary and permanent systems which processed for short or long period of time,
for example business policies
5. Natural and manufacturer systems which are created by nature or by man. For
example solar system rockets dams
Types of systems
6. Deterministic and probabilistic systems Deterministic system operates in
a predictable manner and interaction between system components. For
example, two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen makes
water
1. Probabilistic systems show uncertain behavior for example weather forecasting
mail delivery
7. Social human machine systems social system is made up of people. For
example, societies human machine system in where human and machine
perform a particular task together. For example, computer programming
machine system where human interference is neglected for example
autonomous robot
8. Man-made information system it is an interconnected set of information
resources to manage data for particular organization under direct
management control. For example hardware software communication data
System Models
Dynamic system
This slide is for concept only
 System Development Life Cycle
• System Investigation
• System Analysis
• System Design
• System Development
• System Testing
• System Implementation
• System Maintenance
DATA GATHERING
• Five common Methods:
1. Surveys and Polls
2. Interviews and focus groups
3. Behavioral Data Collection
4. Social Media Monitoring
5. Transactional Data collection
Data Analysis
Tools to collect and analyze data
1. Box and whisker plot
2. Check sheet
3. Control chart
4. Design of experiments
5. Histogram
6. Scatter diagram
7. Stratification
8. survey
System Implementation
• System implementation is the process of:
• Defining how the information system should be built (physical system design)
• Ensuring the information system is operational and used
• Ensuring that the information system meets quality standards.
• System Implementation comprises of:
• Creating computer compatible files
• Training people who are actually going to operate the system
• Installing the necessary hardware, terminals and network
• Installing proposed softwares.
DOCUMENTATION
• Documentation is a process of recording the information for any reference
or operational purpose. It help users, managers and IT staff who require it.
It is important that prepare document must be updated on regular basis
to trace the progress of system easily documentation is a process of
recording the information for any reference or operational purpose. It help
users, managers and IT staff who require it.
• It is important that prepare document must be updated on regular basis
to trace the progress of system easily
• After the implementation of system, if the system is working improperly
then documentation helps the administrator to understand the flow of
data in the system to correct the flaws and get the system working
• Programmers or system analyst usually create program and system
documentation.
• System analyst usually a responsible for preparing documentation to help
users learn the system
Advantages
• It can reduce system downtime, got cost and speed of maintenance task.
• It provides the clear description of formal flow of present system and helps
to understand the type of input data and how the output can be produced.
• It provides effective and efficient way of communication between technical
and non-technical users about system.
• It facilitates that training of new users so that he can easily understand the
flow system.
• It helps the user to solve the problem such as troubleshooting and helps
manager to take better final decisions of the organization system.
• It provide better control to the internal and external working of system
Types of Documentation
• Program documentation it describe input output and processing logic of all the program
modules. The program documentation process starts in the system analysis phase and
continuous during implementation
• Operations documentation contain all the information needed for processing and
distributing online and printed output operation. Documentation should be clear, concise
and available online if possible. It includes the following information:
• Program system analyst scheduling information input files, email special forms required error and
informational messages, Special instructions
• User documentation it includes instructions and information to the users who will
interact with the system. For example, user manual help guides and tutorials
• System documentation serves as a technical specification for the IS and how the
objectives of the IS accomplished users managers and IS owners need never reference
system documentations.
Includes: data flow diagrams, object models, screen layouts, source documents, data
dictionary entries.