دافغانستان اسالمي امارت
دتخنیکي او مسلکي زده کړو اداره
System Administration Tools
)Open Source (Linux
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o Course: System Administration Tools
o Topic: Open Source (Linux)
o Lecture: Hafizrahman Jabarkhil
o Faculty: Computer Science
o Department: Information Technology
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What is Linux?
➢ Just like Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and Mac OS X,
Linux is an operating system
➢ An operating system is software that manages all of the hardware
resources associated with your desktop or laptop
➢ the operating system manages the communication between your
software and your hardware
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Cont...
The OS is comprised of a number of pieces:
➢ The Boot loader: The software that manages the boot process of
your computer
➢ The kernel: This is the one piece of the whole that is actually called
“Linux”.
➢ Daemons: These are background services (printing, sound,
scheduling, etc) that either start up during boot, or after you log into
the desktop.
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Cont...
➢ The Shell: You’ve probably heard mention of the Linux command
line.
➢ Applications: Desktop environments do not offer the full array of
apps. Just like Windows and Mac, Linux offers thousands upon
thousands of high-quality software titles that can be easily found
and installed.
➢ The Ubuntu software center is a Linux app store that carries
thousands of free and commercial applications for Linux.
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SHELL
➢ The shell is a UNIX/Linux program that interprets the commands
you enter from the keyboard like cmd in windows
➢ a program that lets you control the system by using commands
entered at the keyboard
➢ the most common type of shell in use on Linux is BASH
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Kernel
➢ The kernel is the base of OS and it interacts directly with the
hardware
➢ Kernel is the heart of the operating system.
➢ It is the low level core of the System that is the interface between
applications and H/W.
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A brief history of Linux
➢ Late 1960's - Unix is developed and released in 1970's. It is widely
adopted in business and academic circles.
➢ 1983 - a programmer Richard Stallman creates the GNU Project.
It is an attempt at creating a Unix type operating system but
composed of entirely free software.
➢ 1987 - Another programmer Andrew S. Tanenbaum creates Minix,
a Unix like operating system for Academic use.
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Cont...
➢ 1991 - a Finnish student Linus Torvalds creates a non-commercial
version of Minix and calls it Linux.
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So why use Linux?
➢ It's free
➢ It's a lot more secure and alot less prone to virus's and hackers
than Microsoft Windows.
➢ You can do 99% of what you can do on Windows on Linux
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What is a “distribution?"
➢ Linux has a number of different versions to suit nearly any type
of user.
➢ The most popular Linux distributions are:
● Ubuntu Linux
● Linux Mint
● Arch Linux
● Deepin
● Fedora
● Debian 10
● openSUSE
How does Linux differ from other OS's?
➢ In many ways Linux is similar to other operating systems you may
have used before, such as Windows, OS X, or iOS
➢ Linux has a graphical interface, and types of software you are
accustomed to using on other operating systems
➢ But Linux also is different from other operating systems in many
important ways.
● Linux is open source software
● Linux is free and available to the public 11
Who “owns” Linux??
➢ Linux is freely available to anyone
➢ the trademark on the name “Linux” rests with its creator, Linus
Torvalds
➢ The source code for Linux is under copyright by its many
individual authors, and licensed under the GPLv2 license
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GNU/Linux
➢ Linux uses GNU tools, a set of freely available standard tools for
handling the operating system
➢ The Linux kernel (the bones of your system) is not part of
the GNU project but uses the same license as GNU software
➢ A great majority of utilities and development tools (the meat of
your system), which are not Linux-specific, are taken from the
GNU project
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Any Questions
?
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