Statistical Methods and Probability Theory (MAS2001)

Session: July-Nov 2025

Assignment #2

Central Limit Theorem, Probability distribution: Binomial, Poisson, Uniform, Normal,

Exponential

SECTION A (Memory-Based Questions)

Q1. If the Mean and Variance of a random variable X are 3 and 4, respectively. Check whether X
follows a Binomial Distribution.

Q2. If the values taken by a random variable are negative, the negative values will have
___________
a) Positive probability
b) Negative Probability
c) May have negative or positive probabilities
d) Insufficient data

Q3. In a Poisson Distribution, if mean (m) = e, then P(x) is given by ___________

a) e(x−m)/x!
b) e(m−x)/x!
c) x!/e(m−x)
d) x!/e(x−m)

Q4. For a standard normal variate, the value of the mean?

a) ∞
b) 1
c) 0
d) not defined

Q5. A mobile conversation follows an exponential distribution f (x) = (1/3)e-x/3. What is the
probability that the conversation takes more than 5 minutes?
a) e-5/3
b) e-15
c) 5e-15
d) e-5/3

Q6. A random variable X has an exponential distribution with probability distribution function is
given by f(x)= 3e-3x for x > 0 and 0 otherwise
Find the probability that X is not less than 2.
a) e-3
 b) e-6 – 3
c) e-6
d) e-6 – 1

Q7. The salary of workers in a factory follows a binomial (180, 1/3) distribution. What will be the
mean and variance of the distribution curve?
a) 40, 60
b) 40, 50
c) 60, 50
d) 60, 40

Q8. If X has an exponential distribution with mean = 2 , then S.D. will be ………

Q9. If X is uniformly distributed over ( 0, 5 ), the Mean and variance will be ……..

Q10. If X is uniformly distributed over the interval ( a, b) with mean =1 and Variance = 4/3, then the
value interval will be ………

Q11. A Normal curve has mean = 20 and S.D. = 10. If we want to find the area between x1 =15
and x2 = 40. Write the range of area in the standard normal distribution ………………

SECTION B (Concept-Based Questions)

Q 12. The probability that a pen manufactured by a factory is defective is 1/10. If 12 such pens are
manufactured, what is the probability that (i) (i) exactly 2 are defective, (ii) at least 2 are
defective, (iii) none of them are defective? Ans : 0.2301, 0.341, 0.2824

Q13. If the probability of a bad reaction from a certain injection is 0.001, determine the chance
that out of 200 individuals, more than two will get a bad reaction. Ans.: 0.32

Q14. A car hire -firm has two cars which it hires out on a day to day basis. The number of
demands for a car is known to be Poisson distribution with mean 1.5 . Find the probability of
day on which (i) There is no demand for the car and (ii) The demand is rejected.

Ans : 0.2231, 0.1912

Q15. The marks of 1000 students in an examination follow a normal distribution with a mean 70
and a standard deviation of 5. Find the expected no. of students, whose marks will be (i)less
than 69, (ii) more than 72, (iii) between 69 and 72. Ans. (i) 421 (ii) 345 (iii) 235.

Q16. The length of a telephone conversation has been exponentially distribution with a mean of 3
minutes. Find the probability that a call (i) ends in more than 1 minute and (ii) takes less
than 3 minutes. Ans: 0.71655, 0.63212

Q17. In a test on 2000 electric bulbs, it was found that the life of a particular make was normally
distributed with an average life of 2040 hours and SD of 60 hours. Estimate the number of
bulbs likely to burn for (i) More than 2150 hours, (ii) Less than 1950 hours, (iii) More than
1920 hours but less than 2160 hours. Given A(1.5) = 0.4332, A(1.83) = 0.4664, A(2) = 0.4772.

Ans.: 0.0336 ∗ 2000 = 67, 0.0918 ∗ 2000 = 184, 0.9544 ∗ 2000 = 1909
Q18. The mean inside diameter of a sample of 200 washers produced by a machine is 0.502 cm,
and the SD is 0.005 cm. The purpose for which these washers are intended allows a
maximum tolerance in diameter of 0.496 cm to 0.508 cm; otherwise, the washers are
considered defective. Determine the percentage of defective washers produced by the
machine, assuming the diameters are normally distributed. (Given: Ø(z=1.2)=0.3849).
Ans.: defective washers produced: 23.02%

Q19. The time (in hours) required to repair a machine is exponentially distributed with a
Parameter of λ = 2. (a) What is the probability that the repair time exceeds 2 h? (b) What is
the conditional probability that a repair takes at least 10 h given that its duration exceeds 9
h? Ans: (a) 0.3679 (b) 0.6065

Q20. If X has an exponential distribution with mean = 2, find P (X < 1 / X < 2). Ans.: 0.5679

Q21. If X is uniformly distributed over ( -a, a), a > 0, find a so that P (X > 1) = 1/3

(ii) 𝑃(|𝑋| < 1) = 𝑃 (|𝑋| > 1). Ans.: (i) a = 3 (ii) a = 2

SECTION-C (Analytical Based Questions)

Q22. If m things are distributed among a men and b women, show that the probability
1 (𝑏+𝑎)𝑚 −(𝑏−𝑎)𝑚
that the number of things received by men is odd is 2 { }.
(𝑏+𝑎)𝑚
Q23. If a string 1m long is cut into two pieces at a random point along its length, what is the
probability that the longer piece is at least twice the length of the shorter? Ans: 1/3

Q24. An insurance company found that only 0.005% of the population is involved in a certain type
of accident and each year. If its 2000 policyholders were randomly selected from the
population, what is the probability that not more than two of its clients are involved in such
an accident next year? Ans: 0.9998

Q25. A random variable X has uniformly distributed over ( -3, 3 ), compute (i) P (X < 2) (𝑖𝑖) 𝑃 (|𝑋|<
2) (𝑖𝑖𝑖) 𝑃 (|𝑋 − 2|< 2) , and (iv) Find K for which P ( X > K ) = 1/3 . Ans: 5/6, 2/3, 1/2, and K =1.

Q26. It is known that the probability of an item produced by a certain machine will be defective is
0.05. If the produced items are sent to the market is packets of 20, find the number of
packets containing exactly, at least and at most 2 defective items in a consignment of 1000
packets using (i) Binomial distribution and (ii) Poisson approximation to Binomial
distribution. Ans: (i) 189, 264 and 925 (ii) 184, 264 and 920

Q27. In a distribution exactly normal, 7% of the items are under 35 and 89% are under 63. What
are the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. Ans: 50.3 and 10.33

Q28. The average test marks in a particular class is 79. The SD is 5. If the marks are distributed
normally, how many students in a class of 200 did not received marks between 75 and 82?
Ans. 97

Q29. Suppose that the average household income in some country is 900 coins, and the
standard deviation is 200 coins. Assuming the Normal distribution of incomes, compute the
proportion of “the middle class,” whose income is between 600 and 1200 coins.
 Ans: 0.8664.

SECTION-D (Application based Question)

Q30. Let X be a random variable that represents the number of minutes until a visitor leaves your
website. You have calculated that on average a visitor leaves your site after 5 minutes, and
you decide that an exponential distribution is appropriate to model how long a person stays
before leaving the site. What is the P(X > 10)? Ans. 0.1353 (Appxo.)

Q31. You wait for an elevator, whose capacity is 2000 pounds. The elevator comes with ten adult
passengers. Suppose your own weight is 150 lbs, and you heard that human weights are
normally distributed with the mean of 165 lbs and the standard deviation of 20 lbs. Would
you board this elevator or wait for the next one? Ans: 0.9992

Q32. There are 400 students in the first-year class of an engineering college. The probability that
any student requires a copy of the particular mathematics books from the college library on
any day is 0.1. How many copies of the book should be kept in the library so that the
probability may be greater than 0.95 that none of the students requiring a copy from the
library has to come back disappointed? (Use normal approximation to the binomial
distribution). Ans: 50

Q33. The marks obtained by number of students in a certain subject are approximately normally
distributed with mean 65 and SD 5, If 3 students are selected at random from this group,
what is the probability that at least one of them would have scored above 75?
Ans.: 0.0667

Q34. The breaking strength X of a certain kind of rope (in kg) has distribution N (45, 18). Each 50
m. coil of rope brings a profit of Rs. 1000, provided X > 43. If X <= 43, the rope may be used
for a different purpose and a profit of Rs. 400 per coil is realized. Find the expected profit per
coil. Ans: Rs. 920 (Approx.)

Q35. The mileage which a car owner gets with a certain kind of tyre is a random variable having an
exponential distribution with mean 4000 km. Find the probabilities that one of these tyres
will be last (i) at least 2000 km, (ii) at most 3000 km. Ans: 0.6065, 0.527

Q36. Wireless sets are manufactured with 25 soldered joints each on average 1 joint in 500
defective. How many sets can be expected to be free from defective joints in a consignment
of 10000 sets. Ans 9512