Scribd
Upload
41 views4 pages

Understanding Polynomials: Operations and Examples

Chapter 6 discusses polynomials, defining their structure and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It provides examples of polynomial operations and includes exercises for practice with solutions. The chapter emphasizes the importance of combining like terms and the procedure for polynomial long division.

Uploaded by

benedictooizihen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views4 pages

Understanding Polynomials: Operations and Examples

Chapter 6 discusses polynomials, defining their structure and operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It provides examples of polynomial operations and includes exercises for practice with solutions. The chapter emphasizes the importance of combining like terms and the procedure for polynomial long division.

Uploaded by

benedictooizihen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SM015 CHAPTER 6 POLYNOMIALS

6.1 POLYNOMIALS

1. The expression for a polynomial P(x) is


P( x)  an x n  an1 x n1  an2 x n2    a1 x  a0
where an is the leading coefficient with an  0 .
n is the degree of the polynomial and is a positive integer.
a0 is the constant term.

2. To add or subtract polynomials, like terms in the polynomials are combined by adding or
subtracting their numerical coefficients.

3. To multiply polynomials, multiply each term of the first polynomial with every term of the
second polynomial and then combine terms of the same degree.

4. To divide a polynomial by another polynomial containing more than one term, we use a
procedure called long division.

P( x) R( x)
5.  Q( x)  or P( x)  Q( x)D( x)  R( x)
D( x) D( x ) Q( x)
where Q(x) is quotient D( x) P( x)
D (x ) is divisor R( x)
R(x) is remainder

EXAMPLE

1. Given P( x)  2 x 3  4 x 2  x  7 and Q( x)  x 3  3x 2  2 x  6 .
Find
a) P( x)  Q( x)
b) P( x)  Q( x)

Solution

a) P( x)  Q( x)  (2 x 3  4 x 2  x  7)  ( x 3  3x 2  2 x  6)
 3x3  7x 2  3x  1

b) P( x)  Q( x)  (2 x 3  4 x 2  x  7)  ( x 3  3x 2  2 x  6)
 x3  x 2  x  13

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 1
SM015 CHAPTER 6 POLYNOMIALS

2. Given P( x)  4 x 2  x  7 and Q( x)  3x 2  2 x  6 .
Find
a) 3P ( x)
b) P( x)Q( x)

Solution

a) 3P( x)  3(4 x 2  x  7)
 12x 2  3x  21

b) P( x)Q( x)  (4 x 2  x  7)(3x 2  2 x  6)
 12x 4  8x3  24x 2  3x3  2x 2  6x  21x 2  14x  42
 12x 4  11x3  x 2  8x  42

x 2  4x  3
3. Find .
x 1

Solution

x5
x  1 x 2  4x  3
x2  x
 5x  3
 5x  5
8
x  4x  3
2
8
 x5
x 1 x 1

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 2
SM015 CHAPTER 6 POLYNOMIALS

EXERCISE 6.1

1. Given P( x)  3x 3  9 x 2  5x  4 and Q( x)  2 x 3  5x 2  x  9 .
Find
a) P( x)  Q( x)
b) P( x)  Q( x)

2. Given P( x)  3x 2  4 x  5 and Q( x)  7x  3 .
Find
a) 2P( x)
b) P( x)Q( x)

3. Find
x3  2x 2  2x  4
a)
x2
2 x  7 x 2  17 x  19
3
b)
2x 2  7 x  6

ANSWER

1 a) 5x3  4x 2  4x  5
b) x3  14x 2  6x  13
2 a) 6x 2  8x  10
b) 21x3 19x 2  23x  15
3 a) x2  2
11x  19
b) x  2
2x  7 x  6

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 3
SM015 CHAPTER 6 POLYNOMIALS

SOLUTION EXERCISE 6.1

1 a) P( x)  Q( x)  (3x 3  9 x 2  5x  4)  (2 x 3  5x 2  x  9)
 5x3  4x 2  4x  5

b) P( x)  Q( x)  (3x 3  9 x 2  5x  4)  (2 x 3  5x 2  x  9)
 x3  14x 2  6x  13

2 a) 2P( x)  2(3x 2  4 x  5)
 6x 2  8x  10

b) P( x)Q( x)  (3x 2  4 x  5)(7 x  3)


 21x3  9x 2  28x 2 12x  35x  15
 21x3 19x 2  23x  15

x2  2
3 a) x  2 x 3  2 x 2  2 x  4
x3  2x 2
 2x  4
 2x  4
0

x 3  2x 2  2x  4
 x2  2
x2

x
b) 2 x  7 x  6 2 x 3  7 x 2  17 x  19
2

2 x 3  7 x 2  6x
11x  19

2 x 3  7 x 2  17 x  19 11x  19
 x 2
2x  7x  6
2
2x  7 x  6

CHENG CHUN LIANG & CHIN HAK CHUN UNIT MATEMATIK KMK Page 4

Common questions

Powered by AI

The sum is calculated by adding the coefficients of the corresponding terms: (2 + 3)x^3 + (1 + 1)x^2 + (3 + 2)x + (4 - 6), resulting in 5x^3 + 2x^2 + 5x - 2 .

To evaluate P(x) at x = 3, substitute x = 3 into the polynomial: P(3) = (3)^2 + 4(3) + 7, resulting in 9 + 12 + 7, and thus P(3) = 28 .

To add or subtract polynomials, you combine like terms by adding or subtracting their numerical coefficients, which is a key step in these operations .

Understanding the quotient and remainder allows one to rewrite the original polynomial in a form that simplifies into smaller degree polynomials. The relationship is represented by the equation P(x) = D(x)Q(x) + R(x), where D(x) is the divisor, Q(x) is the quotient, and R(x) is the remainder .

The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra allows any polynomial to be factorized into linear factors over the complex numbers, each representing a root of the polynomial. This means a polynomial of degree n can be expressed as P(x) = a_n (x - r_1)(x - r_2)...(x - r_n), where r_i are roots .

To find the difference, subtract the coefficients of the corresponding terms: (2 - 3)x^3 + (1 - 1)x^2 + (3 - 2)x + (4 - (-6)), resulting in -x^3 + x + 10 .

A process called 'long division' is used for dividing one polynomial by another polynomial that contains more than one term. This process is similar to long division used in arithmetic for numbers, where quotient and remainder are determined sequentially .

The product is calculated by distributing each term of P(x) across each term of Q(x) and then combining like terms. This results in the polynomial P(x)Q(x) = x^4 + 2x^3 - 6x^2 + 4x^3 + 8x^2 - 24x + 7x^2 + 14x - 42, which simplifies to x^4 + 6x^3 + 9x^2 - 10x - 42 .

When multiplying two polynomials, each term of the first polynomial is multiplied by each term of the second polynomial. After this, like terms must be combined, meaning the coefficients of terms with the same degree are added together .

The general expression for a polynomial P(x) is P(x) = a_n x^n + a_{n-1} x^{n-1} + ... + a_1 x + a_0, where a_n is the leading coefficient and should not be zero, determining the degree n of the polynomial which is a positive integer, and a_0 is the constant term .

You might also like