SENTENCE
STRUCTURE:
SENTENCE TYPES
SENTENCE TYPES
•Simple
•Compound
•Complex
•Compound-Complex
BASIC ELEMENTS OF EVERY SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
์A cat is sleeping on the ground
BASIC ELEMENTS
S. + V. + O.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Mary plays tennis.
SIMPLE
SENTENCE
SIMPLE SENTENCE
• A simple sentence has one subject and one predicate.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Observe how a simple sentence is constructed:
We went to Siam Centre yesterday.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Pronoun Verb Prepositional phrase
We went to Siam Centre.
Simple subject Complete predicate
SIMPLE SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
Mary plays tennis.
one subject one predicate
SIMPLE SENTENCE
Tom and Mary play tennis.
Compound Subject
&
SIMPLE SENTENCE
play tennis and swim.
Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &
SIMPLE SENTENCE
WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT
Tom and Mary play tennis.
SIMPLE SENTENCE
WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT
AND
COMPOUND PREDICATE
Tom and Mary play tennis and
swim.
COMPOUND
SENTENCE
COMPOUND SENTENCE
• A compound sentence has more than one part that can stand
alone (independent clauses).
• Independent clauses are connected by coordinating conjunctions,
conjunctive adverbs or a semi-colon.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
We + went to Siam Centre, and most of us + danced all night.
We went to Siam Centre, and
most of us danced all night.
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Subject Verb Prepositional phrase
We went to Siam Centre,
Coordinating Predicate
Conjunction
and most of us danced all night .
Subject Verb Modifying phrase
COMPOUND SENTENCE
USE OF COORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS
Kru Tarn love a cat
SUBJECT PREDICATE
All students love a cat
SUBJECT PREDICATE
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Tom swims,
and
Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
I walk so quickly, however I am late.
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Note: Semicolon
before conjunctive
adverb and comma
after conjunctive adverb!
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
“FLOAT”
• Conjunctive adverbs are
sometimes called “floating”
adverbs because they can be
positioned at the beginning, in the
middle, or at the end of a clause.
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
AT THE BEGINNING, IN THE MIDDLE,AT THE END
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.
SEMICOLONS
• “If the relation between the ideas
expressed in the main clauses is
very close and obvious without a
conjunction, you can separate the
clauses with a semicolon” (Little,
Brown Handbook, 9th Edition, p.
361).
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON
Tom has benefited from his exercise
program; he is slim and energetic.
COMPLEX
SENTENCE
COMPLEX SENTENCE
• A complex sentence has at least two parts: one that can stand
alone and another one that cannot
• The part that cannot stand alone is linked to the rest of the
sentence by a subordinating conjunction
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Since my boyfriend and I wanted to have fun,
we went to San Juan yesterday.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Since we wanted to have fun,
Subordinating
Conjunction
Part that cannot stand alone
Subject Predicate
we went to Siam Centre yesterday.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
even though
SUBJECT PREDICATE
COMPLEX SENTENCE
Bob is popular
even though
he is ugly.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
The most common subordinating
conjunctions are "after," "although,"
"as," "because," "before," "how,"
"if," "once," "since," "than,"
"that," though," "till," "until,"
"when," "where," "whether,” and
while."
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
!"#$%&'(''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''!"#$%&')
*+,&-&+,&+.' /&-&+,&+.
COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent
COMPOUND-
COMPLEX
SENTENCE
Compound-Complex Sentence
• This type of sentence has more than one part that can stand
alone, and at least one that cannot.
• Conjunctions link the different parts of this sentence.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
SENTENCE
Since we wanted to have fun,
my boyfriend and I went to Siam Centre
yesterday,
and we danced all night.
Compound-Complex Sentence
Subordinating
Conjunction
Since we wanted to have fun,
Part that cannot stand alone
my boyfriend and I went to Siam Centre,
Coordinating Subject Predicate
Conjunction
and we danced all night.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX
SENTENCE
Mike is popular
because
he is good looking,
but
he is not very happy.
TYPES OF SENTENCES
It may be helpful to remember them in this way:
Type of Independent Subordinate
sentence Clauses Clauses
Simple One None
Compound Two or more None
Complex One One or more
Compound- Two or more One or more
Complex
EXERCISES
S AY I F T H E F O L L O W I N G S E N T E N C E S A R E :
S I M P L E , C O M P O U N D, C O M P L E X O R
COMPOUND-COMPLEX.
1. The bell rang. 1
2. Bridget ran the first part of the race, and Tara
biked the second part. 2
3. He stands at the bottom of the cliff while the
climber moves up the rock. 3
4. The skier turned and jumped. 1
5. Naoki passed the test because he studied hard and
understood the material. 4
ANSWERS
1. Simple
2. Compound
3. Complex
4. Simple
5. Compound-complex
1. Because Kayla has so much climbing experience , we asked
her to lead our group. 3
2. You and I need piano lessons. 1
3. I planned to go to the hockey game, but I couldn’t get
tickets. 2
4. Dorothy likes white water rafting, but she also enjoys
kayaking. 2
5. There are many problems to solve before this program can be
used, but engineers believe that they will be able to solve them
soon. 4
ANSWERS
1. Complex
2. Simple
3. Compound
4. Compound
5. Compound-complex
REFERENCES
Writing Academic English, Second Edition, by Alice
Oshima and Ann Hogue. White Plains: Addison, Wesley,
Longman, 1999.
The Little, Brown Handbook, by H. Ramsey Fowler and
Jane E. Aaron, Pearson, 2004.
