D”P gva¨wgK \ †cŠibxwZ I mykvmb (cÖ_g cÎ)

2q Aa¨vq: mykvmb
1. cª‡dmi †Mvjvg ieŸvbx m¤cÖwZ 'K' ivóª mdi K‡ib| wZwb †`L‡Z ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv I ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv cwijw¶Z nq|
cvb, †mLvbKvi ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq RbM‡Yi gZvgZ LyeB cªvavb¨ ZvB ejv hvq, ÔKÕ iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq mykvm‡bi Ici
cvq| ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi mv‡_ iv‡óªi hveZxq Kg©KvÐ ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv n‡q‡Q|
cwiPvwjZ nIqvq miKv‡ii RbwcªqZv w`b w`b evo‡Q| N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨e¯’v A_©vr, mykvmb A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z
K. RbgZ Kx? K‡i K_vwUi mv‡_ Avwg GKgZ|
L. ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? mykvmb n‡”Q miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv Ges RbM‡Yi
M. 'K' iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq Kx‡mi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv AskMªn‡Yi wfwˇZ kvmbKvh© cwiPvjbv| iv‡óªi me©¯Í‡i mykvmb
nq| e¨vL¨v Ki| cªwZôvi gva¨‡g ¶yav I `vwi`ª¨gy³ mgvR cªwZôv Ges Av_©-mvgvwR
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z e¨e¯’v A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb‡K Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i Zywg †¶‡Î mvg¨ mywbwðZ Kiv m¤¢e|
wK GKgZ? mykvm‡bi Avw_©K bxwZ n‡jv ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi wfwˇZ ivóªxq
 1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi  A_© RbKj¨v‡Y e¨q n‡e| mykvmb iv‡óªi Avw_©K LvZmn me
K. msL¨vMwi‡ôi hyw³wm× I mywPwšÍZ gZvgZB RbgZ| Dbœqbg~jK Kvh©µ‡g ¯^”QZv wbwðZ K‡i| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki g‡Z
L. ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ ej‡Z †Kv‡bv †`‡k we`¨gvb ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi 'mykvmb A_© I gvbem¤ú` e¨env‡ii Rb¨ `¶ Ges Dchy³
cªwZ RbM‡Yi g‡bvfve, g~j¨‡eva, wek¦vm, Abyf~wZ I `…wófw½i e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g †`‡ki ev‡RU I wnmveiÿ‡Y ¯^”QZv wbwðZ
mgwó‡K †evSvq| K‡i Ges miKvwi cªwZôvbmg~‡n `¶ e¨e¯’vcbv cªwZôv K‡i|
ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ K_vwUi cª_g cªe³v n‡jb Av‡gwiKvb mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡j RbM‡Yi m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi wbwðZ
ivóªweÁvbx c¨vweª‡qj A¨vjgÛ (Gabriel Almond)| Zvui g‡Z, nq| mykvmb cªwZwôZ bv n‡j ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv webó nq|
ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ g~jZ †Kv‡bv ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Ges Gi wewfbœ ivR‰bwZK `j¸‡jvi mwnsm AvPiY Ges R¡vjvI-‡cvovI bxwZ
As‡k e¨w³i wbR f~wgKv m¤ú‡K© ivR‰bwZK g‡bvfve I `…wófw½i Aej¤^‡bi d‡j A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb evavMª¯Í nq| we‡`wk D‡`¨v³viv
mywbw`©ó cªwZK…wZ ev w`Kwb‡`©kbv| ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ †Kv‡bv †`‡k wkí-KviLvbv ¯’vc‡b ev cyuwR wewb‡qv‡M AvMªn nvwi‡q †d‡j| d‡j
ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vi `c©Y¯^iƒc GKwU iv‡óªi Av_©-mvgvwRK, A_©bxwZ‡Z e¨vcK ¶wZ mvwaZ nq| wKš‘ mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡j |
ivR‰bwZK, ag©xq wek¦vm I g~j¨‡evamn wewfbœ wel‡qi wfwˇZ we‡`wk D‡`¨v³viv wewb‡qvM K‡i, RvZxq Drcv`b e…w× cvq, `yb©xwZ
†mLvbKvi ivR‰bwZK ms¯‹…wZ M‡o I‡V| nªvm cvq Ges ivóª A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi c‡_ AMªmi nq| cwi‡k‡l
M. 'K' iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq mykvm‡bi Ici ¸iæZ¡v‡ivc Kiv nq| ejv hvq, mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡j ivóªxq m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi
†h kvmb cªwµqvq RbM‡Yi AskMªn‡Yi my‡hvM cªkvm‡bi wbwðZ nq| A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Z¡ivwš^Z nq|
Revew`wnZv, ˆeaZv, ¯^”QZv _v‡K Ges evK-¯^vaxbZvmn me
ivR‰bwZK ¯^vaxbZv myi¶vi e¨e¯’v _v‡K †K mykvmb e‡j| 2. wg. X Ges Y `yBRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| wg. X cªkvmwbK Kg©Kv‡Ð
mykvm‡bi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q cªkvmwbK Kv‡Ri ¯^”QZv, miKv‡ii `¶Zvi mv‡_ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³ e¨envi K‡ib, `yb©xwZ‡K
ˆeaZv, ivR‰bwZK w¯’wZkxjZv Ges Rbg‡Zi cªwZ ¸iæZ¡| Pjgvb N…Yv K‡ib, Zvi Awd‡mi †mev MªnYKvix‡`i ¯^”Qfv‡e `ªæZ †mev
we‡k¦ ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î mykvm‡bi ¸iæZ¡ me©Rb¯^xK…Z| mykvmb w`‡q _v‡Kb| wKš‘ wg. Y `vwqZ¡ cvjbKv‡j Ae‡njv, Awbqg,
cªwZwôZ n‡j ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv weivR A‰ea Dcv‡q A_© DcvR©bmn A‡bK AcK‡g© Rwo‡q c‡ob|
K‡i, RbM‡Yi evK&-¯^vaxbZv I †gŠwjK AwaKvi wbwðZ nq Ges K. 'mykvmb' cªZ¨qwU cª_g †Kvb cªwZôvb e¨envi K‡i?
miKvi I RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ m¤úK© `…p nq| Gi d‡j ivR‰bwZK L. ivR‰bwZK Revew`wnZv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
e¨e¯’vq w¯’wZkxjZv weivR K‡i| M. wg. Y Gi Kg©KvÐ †Kvb ai‡bi kvmb cªwZôvi AšÍivq?
DÏxc‡K †`Lv hvq, cª‡dmi †Mvjvg ieŸvbx ÔKÕ ivóª mdi K‡ib| e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
wZwb †`L‡Z cvb †mLvbKvi ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq RbM‡Yi gZvgZ N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wg. X Gi Kg©ZrciZvq Kx cªwZôv
cªvavb¨ cvq| ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZvi mv‡_ iv‡óªi hveZxq Kvh©µg cv‡e? ivóªxq Dbœq‡b Gi f~wgKv g~j¨vqb K‡iv|
cwiPvwjZ nIqvq miKv‡ii RbwcªqZv evo‡Q| A_©vr 'K' iv‡óªi  2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
ivR‰bwZK e¨e¯’vq mykvm‡bi Ab¨Zg Dcv`vb RbM‡Yi AskMªnY, K. mykvmb cªZ¨qwU cª_g wek¦e¨vsK e¨envi K‡i|
L. ivR‰bwZK Revew`wnZv ej‡Z RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q ivRbxwZwe`‡`i K_v DÏxc‡Ki wg. X GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| wZwb cªkvmwbK Kv‡R
I Kv‡Ri `vqe×Zv‡K †evSv‡bv nq| mykvm‡bi Ab¨Zg kZ© n‡”Q `¶Zvi mv‡_ Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvMcªhyw³ e¨envi K‡ib| A_©vr wZwb
ivR‰bwZK Revew`wnZv| Revew`wnZvi Afv‡e ivR‰bwZK `‡ji GKRb hy‡Mvc‡hvMx cªhyw³gb¯‹ Kg©KZ©v wg. X `yb©xwZ‡K N…Yv K‡ib
†bZviv RbMY‡K †mev `v‡bi cwie‡Z© †kvlY ev †fv‡Ui Rb¨ Ges Zvi Awd‡mi †mev MªnYKvix‡`i ¯^”Qfv‡e `ªæZ †mev w`‡q
e¨envi K‡i| ivR‰bwZK Revew`wnZv wbwðZ Kiv †M‡j †bZviv _v‡Kb| Zvi G me KvR mykvmb cªwZôvq mnvqK| †h †Kv‡bv iv‡óªi
e¨w³MZfv‡e cvj©v‡g›Umn wewfbœ gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kv‡Q Revew`wn Dbœq‡b mykvmb cªwZôv Kiv AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|
Ki‡Z eva¨ _v‡Kb| Gi d‡j ivR‰bwZK Kg©KvÐ Ges cªkvm‡b `¶ I Revew`wnZvg~jK cªkvmb cªeZ©b Ges AvBb I
¯^”QZv I AvB‡bi kvmb cªwZwôZ n‡e| gvbevwaKv‡ii h_vh_ msi¶‡Yi gva¨‡g †`‡ki DbœqbB mykvm‡bi
M. wg. Y Gi Kg©KvÐ mykvmb cªwZôvi AšÍivq| Rwo‡q g~j j¶¨| ZvB GK_v wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq, mykvmb iv‡óªi Dbœq‡b
iv‡óªi bvMwiK‡`i mvwe©K Kj¨vY mva‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ myôyfv‡e ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
cwiPvwjZ kvmbe¨e¯’vB mykvmb| ivóª cwiPvjbv I RbMY‡K
†mev`v‡bi †¶‡Î miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv I Revew`wnZv _vKv Ges 3. ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨vj‡qi A_©bxwZ wefv‡Mi QvÎ mygb Ges miKvi
AvB‡bi kvmb I b¨vqwePvi cªwZôv KivB n‡jv mykvmb| Avi I ivRbxwZ wefv‡Mi QvÎ †mvnvb GKB n‡j _v‡K Ges Zviv Nwbô
miKvwi Kv‡R Awbqg, `yb©xwZ Ges Ae‡njv mykvmb cªwZôvq evav eÜy| Zviv evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb I cÙv †mZy wb‡q K_v
m…wó K‡i| DÏxc‡K ejv n‡q‡Q, wg. Y GKRb miKvwi Kg©KZ©v| ejwQj| mygb ejj, wek¦e¨vs‡Ki mn‡hvwMZv Qvov Avgiv cÙv
wZwb `vwqZ¡ cvjbKv‡j Ae‡njv, Awbqg, A‰ea Dcv‡q A_© †mZyi g‡Zv e„nr cªKí ev¯Íevqb KiwQ| G cªm‡½ †mvnvb ejj, †h
DcvR©bmn eû AcK‡g© Rwo‡q c‡ob| wg. Y Gi G ai‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ 1944 mv‡j wek¦e¨vsK cªwZwôZ n‡qwQj Zv AwR©Z nqwb|
Kvh©Kjvc mykvmb cªwZôvi AšÍivq| †Kbbv Zvi Kg©Kv‡Ð `yb©xwZ I K. mykvmb Kx?
Awbq‡gi cªwZdjb N‡U‡Q| Avi mykvmb cªwZôvi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q L. wWwRUvj c×wZ ej‡Z Kx †evS?
eo evav n‡jv `yb©xwZ e¨w³MZ ¯^v_© nvwm‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ Awc©Z M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wek¦e¨vsK cªwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨i m‡½
¶gZvi Ace¨enviB `yb©xwZ| wb‡Ri ev wb‡Ri †Mvôxi ¯^v‡_© cªfve ev¯ÍeZvi Zyjbv K‡iv|
LvwU‡q A‰ea my‡hvM †bIqv, RbM‡Yi AwaKvi‡fv‡M weN&b m…wó N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †mvnv‡bi e³e¨ Kxfv‡e h_v_©? gZvgZ `vI|
Kiv, Dr‡KvP MªnY `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv Kiv cªf…wZ `yb©xwZi AšÍfy³
© |  3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
`yb©xwZ cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK I RvZxq Dbœq‡bi AšÍivq| `yb©xwZi K. miKv‡ii ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv Ges RbM‡Yi AskMªn‡Yi wfwˇZ
Kvi‡Y miKvwi cªwZôvb¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e KvR Ki‡Z cv‡i bv ev kvmbKvR cwiPvjbvB n‡”Q mykvmb|
bvMwiK‡`i wewfbœ AwaKvi I †mev wbwðZ Kiv hvq bv| G Kvi‡YB L. wWwRUvj c×wZ ej‡Z wewfbœ KvRK‡g© Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cªhyw³i
mykvmb evavMª¯Í nq| ZvB ejv hvq, wg. Y Gi Kg©KvÛ mykvmb †hgb- Kw¤úDUvi, B›Uvi‡bU, †gvevBj †dvb BZ¨vw`. e¨envi‡K
cªwZôvi AšÍivq| †evSvq|
N. DÏxc‡Ki wg. X Gi Kg©ZrciZvq mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡e| Avi miKvwi-‡emiKvwi cªwZôv‡b PvKwii Av‡e`b, †ivM wbY©q, wewfbœ
iv‡óªi Dbœq‡b mykvmb cªwZôvi f~wgKv AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y©| cY¨ Drcv`b I Zvi gvb wbqš¿Y, AbjvBb e¨vswKs B-kwcs BZ¨vw`
mykvmb Kj¨vYg~jK ivóª MV‡bi †¶‡Î Acwinvh© kZ© wn‡m‡e †¶‡Î wWwRUvj c×wZ e¨envi Kiv nq| Gi d‡j RbMY miKv‡ii
we‡ewPZ| iv‡óªi ivR‰bwZK, A_©‰bwZK, mvgvwRK, mvs¯‹…wZK I wewfbœ †mev I Z_¨ Lye mn‡R cv‡e, mgq evuP‡e Ges Kg©‡¶‡Î
AeKvVv‡gvMZ Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ mykvm‡bi ¸iæZ¡ Ab¯^xKvh©| ¯^”QZv eRvq _vK‡e|
mykvm‡bi d‡j miKv‡ii Revew`wnZv | ¯^”QZv e…w× cvq| iv‡óªi M. wek¦e¨vsK cªwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨i m‡½ ev¯ÍeZvi Zyjbv Ki‡Z †M‡j
bvMwiK‡`i Rb¨ †kvlYgy³ mgvR cªwZôv, bvMwiK‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK †¶‡Î wgj cvIqv hvq bv|
m¤ú‡`i mylg eÈb I my‡hvM-myweav wbwðZ Kiv, AvB‡bi kvmb wek¦e¨vsK cªwZôvi Ab¨Zg D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv c…w_exi AbybœZ †`k¸‡jvi
cªwZôv, b¨vqwfwËK, `yb©xwZgy³ mgvR I ivóª cªwZôvi Rb¨ mykvmb A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv| Dbœqbkxj †`‡k †emiKvwi
wbwðZ Kiv cª‡qvRb| mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡jB mvaviY RbM‡Yi wewb‡qvM e…w×i D‡Ï‡k¨ wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K FY`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb Ges Zv‡`i AwaKvi cªwZwôZ n‡e| iv‡óªi wKš‘ we‡k¦i Dbœqbkxj †`kmg~‡ni A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨
me‡¶‡Î mykvmb cªwZwôZ n‡j miKvwi m¤ú‡`i m‡e©vËg e¨envi wek¦e¨vsK cªwZwôZ n‡jI ev¯ÍeZvi mv‡_ Gi †Kv‡bv wgj †bB| Gi
n‡e Ges `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb n‡e| mykvmb †emiKvwi Lv‡Zi eZ©gvb Kg©KvÐ j¶¨ I D‡Ï‡k¨i A‡bKUvB wecixZ|
m¤cÖmvi‡YI f~wgKv iv‡L| eZ©gv‡b we‡k¦i Dbœqbkxj †`k¸‡jv A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi j‡¶¨
M…nxZ wewfbœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªKí ev¯Íevq‡b wek¦e¨vs‡Ki FY mnvqZv
 cvIqvi †¶‡Î bvbviKg lohš¿ I nqivwbi wkKvi n‡”Q| hvi DÏxc‡Ki †mvnv‡bi e³e¨ h_v_©| A_©vr, wek¦e¨vs‡Ki D‡Ïk¨mg~n
D¾¡j `…óvšÍ evsjv‡`‡ki cÙv †mZy cªKí| cÙv †mZy cªK‡í AvRI AwR©Z nqwb|
¯^ímy‡` 120 †KvwU Wjvi FY mnvqZv †`Iqvi K_v wQj
wek¦e¨vs‡Ki| wKš‘ `yb©xwZi loh‡š¿i Awf‡hvM Zy‡j 2011 mv‡ji 4. 2000 mv‡j wek¦e¨vsK gZ cªKvk K‡i †h, mykvmb PviwU cªavb
29 Ryb ms¯’vwU cÙv †mZy cªK‡í Zv‡`i FYPyw³ evwZj K‡i| bvbv ¯Í‡¤¢i Ici wbf©ikxj| G PviwU ¯Í¤¢ n‡jv- 1. `vwqZ¡kxjZv, 2.
Uvbv‡cvo‡bi ci †kl ch©šÍ 2013 mv‡ji Rvbyqvwi‡Z evsjv‡`k ¯^”QZv, 3. AvBwb KvVv‡gv I 4. AskMªnY|
miKvi wbR¯^ A_©vq‡b cÙv †mZy wbg©v‡Yi wm×všÍ †bq| wek¦ e¨vsK K. mykvmb Kx?
`yb©xwZi loh‡š¿i Awf‡hv‡M cÙv †mZy cªKí †_‡K Zv‡`i cªZ¨vnvi L. ¯^RbcªxwZ ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
K‡i wb‡jI loh‡š¿i †Kvb cªgvY w`‡Z cv‡i wb| GgbwK evsjv‡`k M. mykvm‡bi c‡_ evav `~ixKi‡Y DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ cª_g `ywU
`yb©xwZ `gb Kwgkb Ges KvbvWvi Av`vjZI `yb©xwZi †Kv‡bv cªgvY ¯Í‡¤¢i ¸iæZ¡ eY©bv K‡iv|
cvq wb| A_P †Kv‡bv GK A`…k¨ Kvi‡Y, A`…k¨ †Kv‡bv ¯^v‡_© N. ÒDÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ Z…Zxq I PZy_© ¯Í¤¢ mykvm‡bi cvkvcvwk
wek¦e¨vsK cÙv‡mZy cªKí †_‡K m‡i `vuovq| Kv‡RB ejv hvq, MYZš¿‡K mywbwðZ K‡i Zywg wK Gi mv‡_ GKgZ?
wek¦e¨vsK cªwZôvi D‡Ï‡k¨i mv‡_ Zv‡`i eZ©gvb ev¯ÍeZvi †Zgb  4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi 
†Kv‡bv mv`…k¨ †bB| K. g‡Zi c‡¶ hyw³ `vI| miKv‡ii Kg©Kv‡Ð ¯^”QZv, Revew`wnZv I
N. '†h D‡Ï‡k¨ 1944 mv‡j wek¦e¨vsK cªwZwôZ n‡qwQj Zv AwR©Z RbM‡Yi AskMªn‡Yi wfwˇZ ivóªxq kvmbKvR cwiPvjbv Kiv‡K
nqwb!' -DÏxc‡K ewY©Z †mvnv‡bi G e³e¨wU h_v_©| mykvmb (Good Governance) e‡j|
wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i ci 1944 mv‡ji RyjvB gv‡m †eªUb DWm L. ¯^RbcªxwZi mvaviY A_© n‡jv AvZ¥xq ev NwbôR‡bi cªwZ
m‡¤§j‡bi gva¨‡g 'wek¦e¨vsK' cªwZwôZ nq| wek¦e¨vs‡Ki cªavb fv‡jvevmv| wKš‘ †cŠibxwZ I mykvm‡b G welqwU GK ai‡bi `yb©xwZ
D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡jv wn‡m‡e we‡ewPZ nq|
1. wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i d‡j ¶wZMª¯Í †`k¸‡jvi A_©‰bwZK †Kv‡bv e¨w³ ev cªwZôvb we‡kl cªfve LvwU‡q cªPwjZ wbqg-Kvbyb
cybM©V‡b mnvqZv Kiv| fv K‡i Ges †hvM¨ †jvK‡K ewÂZ K‡i wb‡Ri AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb ev
2. c…w_exi AbybœZ †`kmg~‡ni A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b mvnvh¨ Kiv| Nwbô‡`i my‡hvM-myweav w`‡j Zv‡K ¯^RbcªxwZ (Nepotism) ejv
3. †Kv‡bv †`k‡K †emiKvwi FY †c‡Z mvnvh¨ Kiv Ges nq| †hgb miKvwi-†emiKvwi PvKwi‡Z wb‡qvM, e`wj, c‡`vbœwZ
4. Dbœqbkxj †`‡k †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e…w×i D‡Ï‡k¨ BZ¨vw` †¶‡Î mvaviYZ D”Pc‡`i KZ©viv A‡bK mgq ¯^RbcªxwZi
cª‡qvRbxq I ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cªKímg~‡n wbR¯^ Znwej †_‡K Avkªq MªnY K‡ib| d‡j cªkvmbmn wewfbœ †¶‡Î A`¶ I A‡hvM¨
FY`v‡bi e¨e¯’v Kiv| †jvK wbhyw³ cvq| Ab¨w`‡K †hvM¨, `¶ I †gavix e¨w³‡`i †mev
DÏxc‡K †mvnvb e‡j‡Q, 1944 mv‡j †h D‡Ï‡k¨ wek¦e¨vsK †_‡K ivóª ewÂZ nq|
cªwZwôZ n‡qwQj Zv AwR©Z nqwb| †mvnv‡bi G gšÍe¨wU m¤ú~Y©i~‡c M. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ wek¦e¨vs‡Ki wPwýZ mykvm‡bi PviwU cªavb ¯Í‡¤¢i
†hŠw³K| †Kbbv wek¦e¨vs‡Ki †ewki fvM g~jab mieivn K‡i g‡a¨ cª_g `ywU ¯Í¤¢ A_©vr `vwqZ¡kxjZv I ¯^”QZv mykvm‡bi c‡_
Av‡gwiKv Ges e¨vs‡Ki hveZxq Kg©Kv‡Ð Av‡gwiKvi cªfve evav `~ixKi‡Y ¸iæZ¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb K‡i|
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