0) ketecqengss mintaresi A
mixtre is ato! to 7
be heterogeneous is it oloes net have nitrm
composi tin throughout cnd has visible boinolarie
seporation betoeen the varsus constituenty
Jhe dibteremt constttents af a hetrogemeous
mixture can be seen even coith naked yfe
for eample :
ohen iron filngs andl sulph posdes
are mirecl togethe the mire'tormed is heteisgeneeus.
it has yelbw apperanee andl the tuo
.eish
Comstitents, iron anol nlphur, can be easily
dolentiftec woith naKed ye
Digcerences beteen Compounds and myhures
Componas [Link]
b Sna cempound, two er mere elemento are combined
chemically
2 Sna compound, the elemento preuent in the txed
hatio by mass
This natio Can nst ehange
s Compoundls aNe alsay homageneBLs
ie,"they have the
Kame camposttion throyghout'
44 Sn a csmpsundl, conatituemts Can net be separateol by
physical methods
6-
nie,a compound
cemponds the tonstituento lose their idlentities
net shew
oloes characteristics
the
of the constituteny elements
Mixtures
b Gn a
mictre,elemento or eompounols are simply
more
mixed anel not combined chemically
2 Sn a mixtre the constiuento are not present in fired
Can vary
moreovr, the poperties at au compound ane aligethe
oitseret from the constituting elememto.
She compounds hawe been claasifield oto too
pesNhese ae!
norganc -
Compoumols Jhese are compounde
which are obtainedl trom nonliing sourcas ssuch as
.
hocKsand mineralo A
few examples are:
Common salt, marole, Ypsm, washing xsoola eto
UD Organc Compounds i- are the compounds ohich
are preent in planto and animals. AHI the onganie
Compounodd have been found o confaun carhom as their
esaential comstuent for example, earbehyolrates,
profeins, oils, fals ete
[Link]
2. Mixtves i The combination ef tuo or more elementu
r compoundlu which ane not chemically combinedl
together and may also be present in ony proprti on, is
calleol mixtire. feu examples os mi tures are
À
milk,
sea oatey petrol,limewateY, paint glass, cement,
wO0 etc
ype of miotunes imixtunesare af tso
two types
Ü) omogenecus mtxtures - A misture ia ssaid to be
homogeneos f it has a nijom compasition throughout
amd`there are mo viaible boundaries af separaton
between the cnatituentd
for ample: mixture of augar salutton in water
A
has the same augar wate? cmpossitin throughout
and al portiong have the same sweetnead 6
(B) Chermical Classlsoatoni
Baseol pen the cempaaition, matter can be
into tuo main tpes i
olirideol
4 Pure subotonces 2. mitures
[Link]
A pwre aubatane may be
olefinedl as
oss aa aingle
subtance (or matter)
cohieh can net be áeparateol ay aimple phypcal
methoDOls
Pure subutances cam be further classfieol as
i) Elements vD Compounols
element consisto as enly one type
m
Ü) Elementa !
ot particles. These particles may be atoms o
malecules.
[Link], soclium, copperyisilvey hyoogen,oY
etc- are some eyamples of elementb They all
Centain atoms os one type Howeven, atema%
ditferent elemehto ast oitterent in natue
Some elemento ueh as sDOllum, r copper
Centain single atoms helol togethe as ther
Centituent particles ohere as! in some otheo tuo
or more atoms combine to give moleculed xyen af the
element Thus o hyage en andl
itrqgen
gases comsist mlecles in uhich two atomu
ombine to give the nespectve molecules at the
elemet.
may be aeftneo
G) Compoundy i- It
ubutamce centoining tuso or more elements
Cembineol together
weight ndcan
n a ftxedl pnoportin by
to
these
be olecemposeol
elemenis by suitable chemical methode• 5
o Clasalfktcation matter
f
There are too oayps f elasattyeng the matteri
(A) Phyeical clauiticatiorn
(8) Chemioal classicatin [Link]
Gas
Liquid
Solid
L.
Solcds - The particles ane held ey clase to
each other in an ordery foahirn and there
there
id mat much treecleauhln movBment
Charecteristica of aolidy : Soids have olefinite
valume and defonite shape
2. Liguids i- Dm liguias, the particlew are close to
each athe but can meve around.
Characteistics of iuiots Liquids have dlefini te
volume but not olefnite ahape'
3.
Gases - In gases, the parteles a far apart
Os compared to thoAe preaent in apid or
iquicd stated. Their movement is eawy and fawt
Characteristico af
of Gases i Gases have neither
oleinite volume mor olefinite ahape. They
completely oecupy the omtinen in
which they ae placeol 4
oyo,palynmes, drgs, sOapu,
0po, oletengenta, metal allogo
andl athers norganic anol onganic chemicals
ineluoling new materials contoute in
a big
way to the natiomal economy
Matéer mass and occupied space
i Amgthing which ha
is colled mater for rample, boek, pencili wates, oir
are composecl af matter as we
Know that hey hare
mass aenal they 9ccpy pace
Matter [Link]
Physical Classification Chemical Classification
Salids Ligicls Gouses Pure Substances
mixture
Elements Compocns
omageneous
Ketenagnue
metabo Non-metalo
Tronganie
Semi-matals
STATES OF MATTE2:
$OLID LIQUD GAS
3 "Do we have to memorize tho capltals for these too?"
(8) Sn Health ael Sonitction t 2
) St has proroled manknol oith a large number
os ife Kaving dnge Jooay,
dypsettery and
pnennia are cloble due to aliscorery
fssulpha drug anel pemiolen ife ssauing
iugy Cisplatin anol taxol have been fond
to he veny etfectve,
ettective. dom Cacer therapy nl
(Aiotothuioibel
AZT (Ariobbthyicline) eo wsed for ATDS vtctims.
des
Disintectants such as phenal are usec to Ki
the mico organisms present in cdroins, tolet,
sloons ete
(Ni)
Aperlow concentratiem
s
ot chlarne be', -0•2 to 04parts
mllisn ( PPm) useal'kr sterilization a
ioate to mane it t tor olrening pmposeó.
C)
Saving tho [Link]
ove
Jhe rapiol tnawtrialisation
all the wwortdl has neulteol in lot af pollutin.
Pobsonow gases and chemicals are being conutrty
neleased tn the atmanphere Jhey are plutng
envrenment atavean alaming nte
Scientsts wonng day and night to olevelop
aubatitutes which maycaiae dawe palletion. for
example, CNG (ompleaseol Natural Ga), a
Kubutitte af petrol, is veny ebtective in checkng
mchecking
pollution causecl by automtbbllés
(0) Apalicaton tn Lnclsstny
Chemisty hau played
an impor tantnale in oleveloptng many ancuttially
manufattred tetlizew, alsalis,acicds, salta,
