LESSON PLAN ON STRESS
MANAGEMENT
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1 1min To introduce INTRODUCTION: By explanation Ppt What is
topic introduction of
The word stress is derived from the Latin word stress?
"stringi", which means, "to be drawn tight".
DEFINITION OF STRESS: By explanation Ppt What is definition
2 2min To define the of stress?
stress? According to Richard S Lazarus, stress is a feeling
experienced when a person thinks that" the demands
exceed the personal and social resources the individual
is able to mobilize."
Which are the
3 20 min To discuss about By explanation ppt management of
STRESS MANAGEMENT:
stress stress?
management?
Stress management is the amelioration of stress and
especially chronic stress often for the purpose of
improving everyday functioning.
Stress produces numerous symptoms which vary
according to persons, situations, and severity.
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MODELS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
TRANSACTIONAL MODEL:
Richard Lazarus and Susan Folkman
suggested in 1984 that stress can be
thought of as resulting from an “imbalance
between demands and resources” or as
occurring when “pressure exceeds one's
perceived ability to cope”.
Stress management was developed and
premised on the idea that stress is not a
direct response to a stressor but rather
one's resources and ability to cope mediate
the stress response and are amenable to
change, thus allowing stress to be
controllable.
In order to develop an effective stress management
programme it is first necessary to identify the factors
that are central to a person controlling his/her stress,
and to identify the intervention methods which
effectively target these factors.
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Lazarus and Folkman's interpretation of
stress focuses on the transaction between
people and their external environment
(known as the Transactional Model).
The model contends that stress may not
be a stressor if the person does not
perceive the stressor as a threat but rather
as positive or even challenging.
Also, if the person possesses or can use
adequate coping skills, then stress may
not actually be a result or develop
because of the stressor.
The model proposes that people can be
taught to manage their stress and cope
with their stressors.
They may learn to change their
perspective of the stressor and provide
them with the ability and confidence to
improve their lives and handle all of types
of stressors.
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HEALTH REALIZATION/INNATE
HEALTH MODEL:
The health realization/innate health model
of stress is also founded on the idea that
stress does not necessarily follow the
presence of a potential stressor.
Instead of focusing on the individual's
appraisal of so-called stressors in relation
to his or her own coping skills (as the
transactional model does), the health
realization model focuses on the nature of
thought, stating that it is ultimately a
person's thought processes that determine
the response to potentially stressful
external circumstances.
In this model, stress results from
appraising oneself and one's
circumstances through a mental filter of
insecurity and negativity, whereas a
feeling of well-being results from
approaching the world with a "quiet
mind," "inner wisdom," and "common
sense".
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This model proposes that helping stressed
individuals understand the nature of thought—
especially providing them with the ability to
recognize when they are in the grip of insecure
thinking, disengage from it, and access natural
positive feelings—will reduce their stress.
ASSESSING STRESS:
Attitude: A person's attitude can influence whether or not
a situation or emotion is stressful. A person with a
negative attitude will often report more stress than would
someone with a positive attitude.
Physical well-being: A poor diet puts the body in a state
of physical stress and weakens the immune system. As a
result, the person can be more likely to get infections.
A poor diet can mean unhealthy food choices, not eating
enough, or not eating on a normal schedule. This can
cause a person to not get enough nutrients.
This form of physical stress also decreases the ability to
deal with emotional stress, because not getting the right
nutrition may affect the way the brain processes
information.
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Physical activity: Not getting enough physical activity can put
the body in a stressful state. Physical activity has many
benefits. A regular physical activity program can help
decrease depression, if it exists. It also improves the feeling of
well-being.
Support systems: Most everyone needs someone in their life
they can rely on when they are having a hard time. Having
little or no support makes stressful situations even more
difficult to deal with.
Relaxation: People with no outside interests, hobbies, or ways
to relax may be unable to handle stressful situations because
they have no outlet for their stress.
TECHNIQUES OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
AN INDIVIDUAL STRESS MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM:
Positive thinking.
Refocus the negative to be positive.
Make an effort to stop negative thoughts.
Plan some fun. Take a break.
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PHYSICAL ACTIVITY:
Start an individualized program of physical activity.
Most experts recommend doing 20 minutes of aerobic
activity 3 times per week.
Decide on a specific time, type, frequency, and level of
physical activity. Make this dedicated time fit into your
schedule so it can be part of your routine.
Find a buddy to exercise with -- it is more fun and it
will encourage you to stick with your routine.
You do not have to join a gym -- 20 minutes of brisk
walking outdoor will do the trick.
NUTRITION:
Plan to eat foods for improved health and well-being.
For example, increase the amount of fruits and
vegetables you eat.
Use the food guide pyramid to help select healthy food
choices.
Eat an appropriate amount of food at a reasonable
schedule.
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SOCIAL SUPPORT:
Make an effort to interact socially with people. Even
though you feel stressed, you will be glad to have gone
out to meet your friends if only to get your mind off of
things.
Reach out to individuals.
Nurture yourself and others.
RELAXATION:
Learn about and try using one or more of the many
relaxation techniques, such as guided imagery, listening
to music, or practicing yoga or meditation. One or more
should work for you.
Take time for personal interests and hobbies.
Listen to one's body.
Take a mini retreat.
Some of the following ways induce a lower than usual
stress level, temporarily, to compensate the biological
tissues involved; others face the stressor at a higher
level of abstraction:
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Some of the following ways induce a lower than
usual stress level, temporarily, to compensate
the biological tissues involved; others face the
stressor at a higher level of abstraction:
Autogenic training
Cognitive therapy
Conflict resolution
Exercise
Getting a hobby
Meditation
Deep breathing
Yoga Nidra
Nootropics
Reading novels
Relaxation techniques
Artistic Expression
Fractional relaxation
Progressive relaxation
Spas
Somatics training
Spending time in nature
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MEASURING STRESS:
Levels of stress can be measured.
One way is through the use of the Holmes and
Rahe Stress Scale to rate stressful life events.
Changes in blood pressure and galvanic skin
response can also be measured to test stress
levels, and changes in stress levels.
A digital thermometer can be used to evaluate
changes in skin temperature, which can indicate
activation of the fight-or-flight response drawing
blood away from the extremities.
Stress management has physiological and
immune benefit effects.
EFFECTIVENESS OF STRESS MANAGEMENT:
Positive outcomes are observed using a
combination of non-drug interventions.
treatment of anger or hostility,
autogenic training, talking therapy (around
relationship or existential issues), biofeedback
cognitive therapy for depreesion.
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SUMMARY
After the completion of topic student will able to know
abot the definition of stress, and model of the stress
management,
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Bimala Kapoor,” PSYCHIATRIC NURSING” Fifth
Edition, Publication New Delhi, Page number -
125.
2.BT Basavanthappa, “PSYCHIATRIC MENTAL
HEALTH NURSING” Second edition,
Publication New Delhi, Page Number- 45
3. Gail W Stuart, “PSYCHIATRIC NURSING” Nigth
edition, Elsevier publication Missouri, page
number 606-609
4. Niraj Ahuja, “A TEXT BOOK OF PSYCHIATRIC”
Sixth Edition, Publication Delhi, Page number-
237
5.Phil Banker, “MENTAL HEALTH NURSING”,
Second Edition,publication Great Britain, Page
number- 1657
6.R.sreevani, “MENTAL HEALTH AND
PSYCHIATRIC NURSING” fourth edition,
Jaypee brother publication, pagnumber -17,18,365
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the class teaching will gain knowledge about the student how to
management of stress.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the class teaching the students will able to
1. To define the stress management.
2. Model of the stress management.
3. Summarized the topic.
