Calculus Problem Collection:

1. Let a, b ϵ ℕ such that a|b2, b3|a4, a5|b6, … and so on. Prove that a=b.
1
2. f: [0,1] → ℝ, f(x)≥0 ∀ x ϵ [0,1]. f is continuous. f(x)≤ 1 if x ϵ [0, ] and f(x)≤3
2
1 1
x ϵ ( , 1]. What is the maximum value that ∫0 f(u)du
can attain?
2
3. Which is larger? 20172108 or 20182017
1
4. f: [1, ∞) is a differentiable function. f(1) =1 and f’(x)= 2 2
.Prove that
x +f(x)
π
f(x)≤ 1+ ∀ x≥1.
4
5. f: ℝ → ℝ is a continuous odd function. It is periodic with period T. Prove that
x
if a ϵ ℝ, then ∫a f(u)du is also periodic with period T.
b
6. f: ℝ+ → ℝ is a continuous function. For a, b ϵ ℝ+, the value of ∫a f(u)du
b
depends only on . If f(1) =1, find f(x).
a
1
7. f: [0,1] → ℝ is a continuous function. ∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 =0. Prove that  c ϵ (0,1)
𝑐
such that: (i) f(c) =∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑐
(ii) if f(0)=0, then c.f(c) =(1–c) ∫0 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢
𝑐
(iii) ∫0 𝑢(𝑓(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 =0
π
8. f(x) = x + sin x. Find ∫0 𝑓 −1 (𝑢)𝑑𝑢.
9. Does there exist a continuous function f such that f(x) is rational when x is
irrational and f(x) is irrational when x is rational?
1
10. f: [0,1] → ℝ is a differentiable function. Suppose f(1) =0, ∫0 (𝑓 ′ (𝑢))2 𝑑𝑢 = 7
1 1
and ∫0 𝑢2 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = . Find f(x).
3
11.Suppose f: [a, b] → ℝ is a differentiable function. Suppose f(a)=0.
𝑏 (𝑏−𝑎)2 𝑏
Prove that ∫𝑎 |𝑓(𝑢)|2 𝑑𝑢 ≤ 2
∫𝑎 |𝑓 ′ (𝑢)|2 𝑑𝑢
1 1 1 1
12. Prove that the sequence 1 + + + + ⋯ + − log 𝑛 is convergent.
2 3 4 𝑛
13. P is an integer polynomial of degree n having all roots real. Let the real
roots be x1, x2, …, xn. Suppose 0 < xi <3 ∀ i ϵ {1, 2, …, n}.
3±√5
Prove that xi ϵ { , 1, 2}
2
14. Suppose f is a function satisfying the property: given any a < b  x ϵ
(a, b) such that f(x) = 0. Does it imply f(x) is identically 0?
15. Prove that there does not exist a bijection between a set and its power set.
16. f, g: [0,1] → [0,1] are two continuous functions such that f(g(x)) = g(f(x))
∀ x ϵ [0,1]. Prove that  c ϵ [0,1] such that f(c) = g(c).
17. f: [a, b] → [a, b] be a differentiable function. Let (α, β) be a point on the line
joining the points (a, f(a)) and (b, f(b)) such that α ∉ [a, b]. Prove that  a
tangent to the curve of f which passes through (α, β).
18. f: ℝ → ℝ is a continuous function which satisfies f(n)= smallest prime
factor of n; n ϵ ℕ. Find (i) limn→∞ f(n); (ii) Number of solutions to the equation
f(x)=2018.
19. Prove that ∄ any differentiable function f: ℝ → ℝ+ such that f(f(x)) =f’(x).
1 1
1 1
20. Prove that ∫0 (1 𝑥 𝑝 )𝑞 𝑑𝑥
− =∫0 (1 −𝑥 𝑞 )𝑝 𝑑𝑥;p, q ϵ ℕ.
21. f: [a, b] → [a, b] is a differentiable function such that f(a)=a and f(b)=b.
Prove that  u, v ϵ (a, b), u<v such that: (i) f’(u) + f’(v) =2
1 1
(ii) + =2
𝑓′(𝑢) 𝑓′(𝑣)
𝑎
22. Let f: ℝ → ℝ be a function such that ∀ a ϵℝ, we have ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑢)𝑑𝑢=0. Does
this imply f is an odd function? If no, under what conditions will f be odd? If
instead of a ϵℝ, suppose a ϵ ℕ, will your answer change?
23. f: [0,1] → ℝ is a continuous function. Prove that  c ϵ [0,1] such that
1 1
∫0 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑐 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥.
24. Is sin(x) – ex a polynomial? Justify your answer.
𝑎
25. Prove that π is irrational. (Hint: Assume π= and consider the function
𝑏
𝑥 𝑛 .(𝑎−𝑏𝑥)𝑛
𝑓(𝑥) = . Take F(x) =f(x) – f(2)(x) +f(4)(x) – f(6)(x) +… +(-1) n f(2n)(x).)
𝑛!
26. f: [0,1] → ℝ is a continuous function such that f(0) =0 and f(1)=1. Let us
denote f ○ f ○ f ○ … ○ f (n times) by f(n)(x). Suppose  k ϵ ℕ such that f(k)(x) =x
∀ x ϵ [0,1]. Prove that f(x) = x ∀ x ϵ [0,1].
27. Consider a function f ∶ (0, 1) → ℝ, continuous and differentiable. Let {αn}n≥1
be a sequence of roots of f which converges to α ϵ (0, 1). Prove that
f ‘(α) = 0.
28. You are given a triangle ABC. Can you always find a line which divides ABC
into equal area as well as equal perimeter? Justify.
29. Let a>b>0 be real and n ϵ ℕ with n≥2. Prove that a1/n – b1/n < (a–b)1/n.
30. Let f, g: [a, b] → ℝ be two continuous functions. Also, g(x) >0 ∀ x ϵ [a, b].
𝑏 𝑏
Prove that  c ϵ [a, b] such that ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑢). 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢 = 𝑓(𝑐) ∫𝑎 𝑔(𝑢)𝑑𝑢. Will the
conclusion hold if we drop the condition that g(x)>0 ∀ x ϵ [a, b]?
31. f: [a, b] → ℝ is a differentiable function such that f(a)=f(b)=0. Prove that 
c ϵ (a, b) such that f(c) + f ’(c)= f(c).f ’(c).
32. Can ln(x) be expressed as ratio of two polynomials f(x) and g(x) ∀ x>0?
Justify.
 1 𝑥 7 −1
33. Compute: ∫0 𝑑𝑥
ln(𝑥)
34. Suppose M denotes the set of reals which are of the form 𝐴 + 𝐵√2. Prove
that any neighbourhood of a real number contains infinitely many elements of
M.
35. f: [0,1] → [0,1] is a continuous function such that f is one-one and
f(2x – f(x)) = x ∀ x ϵ [0,1]. Prove that f(x) = x ∀ x ϵ [0,1].
36. f: [0,n] → ℝ is continuous where n ϵ ℕ. Suppose f(0)=f(n). Prove that  c ϵ
[0,n] such that f(c)=f(c+1).
37. f:[a,b] → ℝ is a differentiable function with b – a >4. Prove that  c ϵ (a, b)
such that f’(c)< 1 +f(c)2.
38. f:[a,b] → ℝ is a differentiable function. Prove that  c ϵ [a,b] such that
𝑎𝑓(𝑏)−𝑏𝑓(𝑎)
f(c) – c.f ‘(c)=
𝑏−𝑎
39. Let S={√𝑚 − √𝑛 : m, n ϵ ℕ }. Prove that given any x ϵ ℝ,  a sequence
{xn}n≥1 such that xn ϵ S ∀ n ϵ ℕ and xn converges to x.