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o TATA Structura Designers' Manual - Version II
I

. CPWD Standard Specifications - - ZOLG

2009 & DSR
. Design Tables from Designed Houses for All - 2011
. Conservation of Heritage Buildings & Seismic Design of buildings
o Impoftant construction Chemicals + New Building materials

E eir-ut GUrflurront ocGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 GLoGa: gflur-5liL- gnotroofloflo$gi r-flor.6lo$ Ggano:unanooeu r-or-@rir - u&s g{6not
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7.2 fla:gGldiog gGtuq [Link]

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Glungturuuflggtoop, Getun6edr, Gboutroar - 600 OO5

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1. glururL6loifl gg$[Link]

2. Extracts from IS:456-2000 &

Design Tables

3. Detailing of Rebars in RC Members SP:34 (S&T) - 1987

4. Glurgrornan Gotnno afloru* gflfrqoon

5. CPWD Specification for Works

6. Design Tables for Steel Roof Trusses

(as per TATA Structura Designers' Manual - Version II)
7. Slanan r-flp goortroon

7.1 uamGengoorur gldltieoooon - lgropun@oon

7.2 An Eafthquake Preparedness Guide
7.3 Demolition Methods of Buildings
7.4 Construction Chemicals

aiur-t ourtrflunonrt ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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ol. Ourgcnl&orb u5a5ur
6rmt

1. gfiurL6lorfrdl gg$lGorrun ! 1-30

1
o-r-qp& onorooqgdg e-o5g [Link] gr-grolu5lL-L- urytq g@oGon !

(Interlocking Paver Blocks)

2. srlr-nioafloU comouroiroqgriig GLoGar giouul@ a5lur-niroon (cut lintels) 2
Gunl6a.ung1. 6r6ti?
3. eolr?griCletl alg6c allflcotoroen 3
GlcuSroo $-p.i, sal5g rE6u6urGU g:oLb gallfr6somb
4. of@ooflet uoopdt Gcerfluq6 ggnrtoonroil or-r-r- glgg56n6 unpfl6eriu@r-on? 3

5.
€$tugg oSonooryoou.r (Ready Mix Concrete) uuouru@$grirGunEr 4
Gu$6'lsroncn Gououdrgu or$lgroopoor
6. aoriooflot ailrflcoiroanon& crfl Glsfiu . . . Glen$pflu !trn6u6urg $lE$gilito6n ! 5

7. oflcnrbuotr Glcniooil or- @ Gotooodg unEniloat 6

8. q$lu ori @Lonomu Glunlgoneooon$ Clgrfl Dg1 OononG eunLon ?

E-lGan uuLanu@gigGounur? 7
Efron gu5l-gnn Glooe[ rilonnotru (Birla White Level Plast)
9. B
a$E1&aolt oon 6l6ri @'+fgl allgdlnnpnn?

10. [Link] 6lp64fngrb (Colou r) 10

gnFi(g $lpgd;grb ( Bea ri n g Ca pacity) Glgnr-frr-Slebooar

11 Goroocu$gon$pfl ctr oc6loor.o onrirgg onnirdlfrl guflfl g$L ...

10
12. ofr onoorJ ornfrdgrbGung1 $loor-uSlstr oniGo flg$giorgt ?

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13. glgg5on6 gfom a@dilgrbGung u6opu ClounrEreon,/

e-nnp 4louurEoon Sl6$,gnetl noutan Glariogt? 12
14.
sL-L-L-niroofloi: Glen@nirano Ognnilg groufroooonu (Floating Columns) 13
uuedru@ggoroogg goshtulfr .

15. LorJ emnirnrrug&a: eunriruflo| Garumr-nGLo :

r-& qL- (Touchwood) GluuSkunr- gqgdoonr-on? 15
16. afl enrbuoir e$oon (Flyash Bricks)& osonoory Glor-g6 or-@oon
(Precast solid concrete Blocks) Glonnni,@ oir-turit- of@ooflgen 16
s-6r Gl6uuu6 a.@gono Sl6iS;gronZ
"t7. G[-r;nGanriur g@eoooru uuefiu@$glGaLnrb 18

18. q$u sr-@Loran oun5loouoEiLGro oor-o6Grln o$oneory (Micro Concrete) 19

19. o5lflouoou $lanouuruq (Expansion Joint)- ri;1g 20

SlrL-couO g11oufr grloorotq Gorumr-nrb.

20. g&c Garoou5lei Ltdlu e-661 21

IX oir-ut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

21. FRP ogo4 $lnnouoon & ogqeroonu uuootu@$gniroon : 22
urJrLofltoou rop5gl oil@niroon
22. aorlfroaflrt 51ouria5lrfleotocoon$ g@tug1 auug? 23

23. 1goDDEg nonr efrenoorl orGtson (AAC BLOCKS) 24

24. aouriooflot g&ati; ooooouuSlconn (Plaster - Mortar) qrli g4qg66l ss6616 25

Ggtd;od; [Link] ?
25. a5lrfloun6sLir 5156l GlLnnr-ooL-$ g6lr9dl6b C.6ErE grouuioon 26
(Dummy Columns) gu6oL0$g6t - efluirfi,r olL-ooLouq org?
26. Oepio$ aoulgt o$onoory gff@lrir GcgLfl-$$lotr o6r-lleuooo ,/ Gon$lorro6u eL+ 27
Glo&orcror rrflun? Lonrhmr ltidl louuiL-n?

27. grlgp6DLur oi@Lonan Gouoooolqg - ori@Lonar Gorpflulluot GlurlgL-oon 28

soumguurou uueuru@$guuL- Gorufr @rb.

28. ggu5l6uq of@oon or-@LbGungt apg& aorfletr Cl6onnrir. cflun? 29

2. Extracts from IS:455-2OOO & 31-63

Design Tables
Extracts from IS: 456 - 2000 31-46

Column Tables 47-52

Footing Tables 53-60

Grade Beam Tables 61-62

Cantilever Roof Slab Table 63

3. Detailing of Rebars in RC Members 65-73

(SP:34 (S&r) - 1987)

One Way Slab & Two Way Slab 65

Cantilever Beam 66

Folded Toilet Slab 67

Balcony Slab 6B

Types of Compound Wall 69-70

x orl-r-t [Link] oeGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Bracket / Corbel 71

Types of Staircases & Concealed Beam 72-73

4. GlurEorrnn Goroo allorrti gfluqoon 75-120

aon6 gurnfruGt$g6t) 75-78

Glcootr-rflpir gnnirooororiqsmr ( Fo rm work) 79-81

z-E$ggr-gti; otuilson 82-84

o$oroory 85-91

or-@ Gouooo (Block Work) 92-95

g&a Gorcoar 96-97

gflurt Gorooa: (Gypsum work) 98-100

fr6 sClqgg@tq (Water Proofing) 101-105

ououurorou g&a ( Pa inti ng ) 106-108

eGt u6l6sdi (Tiling) 109-112

ogriroeir / uoflrirgort - dlGrnnnrr- upgrh Lnnrtr-llon (Granite & Marble) u6l6g6i) 113-115

aLL-t- g$91$ gnrufr - g{ggp6nt (Pile Foundation Work) 116-117

o6nirset o-oor-gflon : Gleqleryooon Loouui soooo 1:3 118-119

(Quarry Dust : gravel Mix 1:3 )
Gleufrooo Loennroou& uuflnu@$ptld eu@LonanLb 120
(Construction using M - Sand)

XI orlr-r-t [Link] moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

5. CPWD Specification for Works 121-152
Earth work 121

Mortar , Cement Concrete Precast 122

Reinforced cement concrete 123

Brick Work 126

Stone Work 128

Marble & Granite Work 128

Wood & PVC Work 129

Steel Work 131

Flooring 133

Roofing 135

Finishing 139

Repairs to Buildings 140

Dismantling and Demolishing 141

Road Work 143

Water Supply 148

Pile Work 149

Water Proofing 149

Conservation of Heritage Buildings 152

Building Engineers Hand Book

6. Design Tables for Steel Roof Trusses 153-162
(as per TATA Structura Designers' Manua! - Version II)

7. @otan flp goorcirooi 163-213

7.1 r-oariGcrgroalr g{dldjfineoolr-qeopun@oeir 1 63-1 80

7'2 An Earthquake Preparedness - Guide 181-189

7'3 Demolition Methods Of Buildings 191-200

7'4 Construction Chemicals 201-213

Dr. Fixit Chemicals 201

Cera Chem Chemicals 204

Fosroc Chemicals 208

UltraTech Chemicals 210

XIII [Link]-fr O-rdurnonfr moGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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gLgmr-ulilir- uyuq g@oGont (lnterlocking Paver Blocks)

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t. Water Bound Macadam onooosoh

2. gpfu r-dgr grnt& enrozusrh
3. dloollurirooflrfu ondrdlfi onoosuaoh.
gropcrlrsqfi - ggannd eurfrpnrir geopougrr-otr (4/5 ggarur@ooir
groiroFlrlain@ enroamqg&g&Glezuq
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GufrGlonomrGumir creirE ptanLo pnGLo Glpmj;g GlsneirdlGprnir.

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$l$prnsu o-iqp& cflrc'DilonD6n (lnternal Roads inside the Campuses) - glgeoL-ullanL-u5lir.- onrirdlfrl
uryq& ofromcn& GlonainL-eoro$pnfi GuSgSltEL-L- edrorrio"flotlgEgJ priCI&orumir.

0 gtooouin g4g$gornono..... geumfl L-eiuL: Oe@oyeosn Lonin (Gravel) 6'LO 1:3 rrrtrp
oildlp$$lefu -
dgeircn Loainoufletr pctrrouriGofru 450r.6L8 Up6n 600f50 dlL6 scm$$ldr 56u5gl
GunL-@ 6rd-Dru e-(06'D6rr (Road Roller) $turpStrl, Gloneuur@ Glarqfieiono$ perneuufri Glpoflpgr
eprtrU greop potrpno gUD66lL GorafurGlrir.

Q $gfrgGLo6fu 50 r.6116 ompSl$g gg$[Link] / [Link] meuureooGurn 6lru0r- GouamrGtrb.

s) $lturyiflctr rfgrr lnterlocking paver blocks & kerbstones - M40 Grade Concrete
80mm thickness - [Link].D6urDdD6n r-6ls Glp6&[Link] gugan-uflL-@ 94066l - $lprtr
'trgt
edlfq 6lrp5l,r, (Vibrator machine) Glonernn@ peirpro uoL-uriu@$$lL- Geueuur@ri.
o-iqp&enooo [Link] gg cunryonou$$leir . . . Glearq WTOI- egrrrrg4g6g6 lgeopGcu !
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Interlocking Paver Block - Pathway Interlocking Paver Block
- Approach Road to Office Building

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2. orlu-nirooflir eafrorrilroqgriig GuGo gf,rfr,@ o$lunirom (cut lintels)
Guru&uo-r-rE. epi?

t of@Bot [Link] uar?r-org6 ggu5l6uqoon oL-@rb gtu$gBorryioqqrir

or'ur- [Link]$lfloqgrir ennornotrorgqd;tq GLoGo o6rb ol[-r-$oogri
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ornilqgu$grrdlGpnrb. ry6lanoutpnotr....

* gour@ori[-r-6 Gun@rirGung eourourotr [Link]-r-$pflotr 6r6u@l6

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TYPICAL REINFORCEIIIENT DETAILING OF

CofiTlt{t OUg LINTEL BEAMS - ( 23O x lOO mm )

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3. cofr15ri$dr agrio oSlflctilroorn
OcurEmo O-UB EoEtr ooaDor gnlb goSlfrrioonri

a aorfr g&a oarcoort uuuflotr 6l6u$ltit a1q6o

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resist tensile stress) Gleur$ano 6anpB

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Glorofl&c$oogullctr ollfruronnrig6
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4lcurr6Clmirpm. gtordgUcn grurEOptical Fiber "Cq
Mesh r-ofiUrb Optical Fibres as Secondary
Micro Reinforcement in 6mm & 12mm ilH
sizes. c

Distributors:
Dugar & Company,
Glass Fiber Mesh & $lass Fibers
No.7, Peddunaicken Street. George Town,
Chennai - 600 079
Ph-044- 2520 8197 / 2520 OOO4

4. oflDooflilr umpfr Gcorflfrqt lgpniecnndr oilu g195g6rTrb ungflriotu@[Link]?

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all@argnct oriL-L-$$an gqg95616 un$riiotu@un ? ooutp Goonollanurd Goruni.

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uonriungf, cr$gornou5lgy6 [Link] ootuGg .

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1. eir-urh oiL-uu@og$g tgangrt oigur rSlongrrb 6lo5g+ fruir-rir siru etg5gongcogg

GlgnuGr- 6ltgdig6.

gt6ooggt Glor-gulnnngno (well compacted without any honey comb) Gunr-tuiglgdlgLonannotr

dloggg 6fr grcog Gcguu@$gng.
3. r06DS deoruGuno Enfr6uffi' G.E ngtolG SlooL-rungt. oronGor [Link] Slpnirgognetr oriru
gtggg6ng6D5 E6o6urggl $l$ugngrb onpirdlfi 94g996116 Goguoouungl.

4. arir-u gr1gu6rn6ur [Link] sgtqti; ooflurufromno (Black cotton clay) $lgu8out r-ooopff o-otoflpnngrb
Gung grlgeri Glorotrronq fldlgr *+ r-ilofianfi gt([Link] ll6ur6urlbg rSlcuianr? (after fully saturated)
eflu:nrur [Link] 6ltg6ltdlpg. (@gt grirGlarn15 r-oang Ourirq6 Gungrb Slc$ogrgnout) 6tEgB
ooflrnarmgtrb gl+gg6ng6ngu unpfl6ong.

5. gqrieiru@Gornfi Locoggfr orygprullooan siur- gf+6g6lrg$l6gtii #U (lriir-fr grg6b 2 rfrir-ri ggprb)

Oonrurn@ Occiroonrb- cranGor Lfrrue@rb e-E$uno& GlenctrgdlGprrb: uoopfrf Gearfltunril ot'ut-
glggg6rd cr$g euanoullgrir unpfl dotul-uniungl

3 crlr-uir Orrdurcnt cl{rcur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

S.q5upg q$onogeour (Ready Mix Concrete) uuotu@rigrrhGurE
GqfiOononon Gorafrgur ar$lgmpoofr

€$urgg ofronooryr'ou.t uutorilu@$guu@rir gonniroafletr

r,llonnotrgri a66o6 upE1rh allrflcciront 6l6u$tdl6utgnr
eranp gq&crir $loqdlpgr. Eonnotgd; oflrflcoitoon onFndrf[
uoenioofletr qgnironniGo onoumuu@Clanpgr.
Gragrrir 45o Goranr$$lctr uooniooflct erllflcctroat
6I$u@dl6rt9nn.

Gr-o$orufrr- Eonrotrgri cqg6c aflflecboot

(Plastic Shrinkage Cracks) oroumiu@eug$oncnr
[Link] onryoonrb uoc6 oSonanruilc[ e-6n6n
nrytugrb allooryoure Slpuugnstr g5196. [Link]
allrflccioot ogonanrJ olnfrgg L5l6ur 2 L06uufl Ggr646t, GgncutgCkotpan.

flmnetgr$ ollflcdr u60E cgsoniroo6rr$j goflftidl@n odCpoOoon.

1. [Link]$g o$onrory Gloigriuu egrrrifildigrb Gurgl

(gtgnorgt 1 romufl USGi) 2 [Link]) gou&amfanry
onnidlfi r.fg1 Ognurigg Glgofltiia Goroufi@fr.
Oungpme 6n5rrrJ6uur onnjrClfrl ufr}-llot onri$g
LoEpratEnour (18 glg6t 24 r-oarfl Ggrt')
g6uurdmfii6f[-6t €SmEuGor6. $lg6urn6t' r-llonnotg6
allfleotoon orrfr$g Ug6b 5 rooufl G5r66lcir
6l$u@Clst'p6r,r. cr6mGor, goufiouufr allooryorns gujrp
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2. [Link] (ggrln5 Slonou5lot prufaffi e-L6urgur6
fr JU,EE @uroorSlotrano oouflotr r+ryriugrir
ganpurnpflgd;s unr6lg$on (Plastic) gnat Gurr-@
L'ncotmlled concrcu strrinkege cnckJ
grgroa:Bo GoonnGlrb.
3. Gloruilotr rflaqrir g4$orlno 6ltU$gn5i, e$enoory eurfitugllg grout cnryuuoadrooron nryuu@$pflr
Geuouur@rb.

4. r-llonnotgri a1g6o ollflcotraroen$ gainria 6lgananan gnftororn osoranryuSlotr uuatu@$gonrir.

a1g6o ol[fleotroat ugg6 flonoqoooon gaflfrri;o o$onrory e1g6o or5Ifleeilaon oggtrir r-llrnqoanon
grrllfrria o$onans onfr$g glgott 2 uouofl Ggr1g6lpg6,t fr Glg6rflgg; r'[Link] gorgunrooir
unrtdsr6Glsronouar Clmfi asnradl.

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galltda Gatmi@fi. anri$lfi- Oatgwtra @AiEt utii @atw (ggurrp $loaauflo 6tASgr68 ep)gi
uwatu@gi;gti; €L L trgt (No rete m pe ri ng)
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6arwr@d. e-@gatra ggfltapat ptfti€*Ltrg.
o gottdan5 Ucagutti - urgflfl atnidlfi- nr@lgEt (3igEi lEaguruat) - f,rr661 7 gnt-aat / 28 Drn-aat
afiiEt Gengaotraai O*,ngt untgiiEt - gr(gpti anflaruryi lgaguruet @ryddlatgaratn aatuag o-ggfl
OeriEt Oanaton 6atmi@fi. qwgg am,i6hft- e-gugSpflwnoni gi6ri &onpawr gy$lCaaaanr gyiugHw
(yr(g6t)uwrru6 gfiu Gatowtgugfldoaa. @tdlgb 30/oti1g Guot oflerniuoi (Fly ash) aadatu-rud
@@dflggr mti'uagryit eflurngpfL 6atmt@il

4 cr1r-r-t [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

6.corfoefl6 dltncdroom& an Oairu . . . . Oon$fi Bcotop flgfi5ttirodrt
1/4 *rlr$J?tl$n
-1

c) Seatlrt$
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Glungtoro unry$pnrirgrh aeuriaoflgtril flruq& cruf/ r9rfluq& aorioaflgtrir uil sL0uri66rfl6i)
upglri (gEl{f,g oflflerirolgri opu@ougl [Link].r (Oernrod: oi@Lonrunir
Clp@tiigafltfleeiloeir
gfLons $ldronp Gung/ 6lrrtq6' aculioofloir r-frg ury6 aro$ptu@rirGung). guu$p&aryrioanrn6
onrrcuinrb Geiuneir gfo6u snpEt aflrfls6fuo6ir (Aircracks) gq6foogl [Link] oilflerfuoeir (Hairline
cracks) - st-r-$$$g 6rJpu u(gg!6 erSuung; g4&eriuL- GeuotrL-rnir eretrg eronpnrurd)
[Link]. $)onpiGunoGol dl0ueuirr-- 6$6D6u gl1gpgl ggp6l S6t ur'L- sorf urytqooflgrb
Sl$proeu oflrfledraoir o$u@ougtnin@.
. $lpfrGloeilorni Glunflu9uLdr Glpn$leirEL-u rf$uno [Link] onfeuurrarosh errtrcor rret'rueop
g{dlurnocilTg4d[hg G:lonohen gluronuglrir e-L6urgun.E 6l-p,i Gledrur gr$u@6lGpmir.
. oflflod:ug$lrou BLg Glon$$laf[-@ rSloi'rq dl6lLneuurr- .DfudlDcu 1:5 (uru [Link] oofliunom
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* rflfledrorir dlflgr Glurfluoocuuro $l<Uppnrfu Gluoirallu orbflocoen& Glonarur@ anp$grafh-GL-r/ g4drogr
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E6DL(y]6Dp o-$$leoir @Gpn !

o unajpnrrug6 cnrfooh rretrpnil, corflotr ocor$rop6

a.L-r-oumb / eotrcorir Lnil anraldkfi uoorb
(Window - Sill slab) Gunri@& Gleriruzurni.
\.r'v:lb s!$ li& rd
i'i&i !'&9 $ M@e.
s..ts:!.1 i. *tniblM ir lk
. $[Link]& aouri/r5lrfluq& eruri rrotrpnril -
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unrr$flcocm oll6totl$5L oeufletr GLncir LoL-L-$$kir

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. getuir- cruirlurrr}Jlcir c6&ooflfleri:osir (Shrinkage .j#*;' !d.e6$dirc@a
q6r, &9. Fri M *s

Cracks) rrotrpnril ug&o u6oLurp Gor$[Link]: flrruqn

61un6eir (Chemical crack filler) Gloneuur@ uLg unri$gt
Snuppril Glsfiu Gonnn@tb. e$nnpuSldr
CERA POLYCRACK Filler / DrFixit - CRACK -X PASTE/
Snow Filla / Sun Filla croirp Ouutoaflti: $l$peoou.r
$lutqt Qunlqeir 6leor-66lotrpg. SloilGoeoouuflenem A19
ei@r-onan Glon$peurrflL-rir prrnroeir $lpfrGlocoru uuflfrdl
Glrpp Chemical Applicator 0.,n pEgI erflGlsdrur&
Gleneilou Geuamr@tri. i:::. ri :rcli c; Yttirrc

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7. errflcnrbudl Gedrarfi oi@ Goroo&g ronEdrodr
s,Lbp 10 ggain@ornneGar oil ooflueuur Glerirofoooen fltlt@o5liGl rnflsmitu6il 6opp
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GluErirocir erstrg [Link] CIcrirg grr6not ofl$liqennriancu [email protected]. rretrpngrb 6trtnUd,
u5u Slrrfuooflofu oL-@prioqgri Glan$pcmnrtoqqrir nrflemiruoir ofrsmrsrn-r uuetru@SgeuWgb
pru&orir onL-@6lprniaeir. g6uiod-g dnin$lft E-rrpp grraSld Cpflafl&dlGprnn.
oorfl raain allu Ocrirofraofl d'r gopun@ecir

1. g$E GuSuryr"rqoqqt gqenqriug toit-t-oro $lciroozu

2. Glerfuodrnllsir e1gt&gp pnri(q Slprtn rCIorfi gropq (35kg /[Link])

3. gainoufri o-$l6arh g6nn{ gglsri (15% - 20W

4. e;beeir crerflpns o-roraprob a$lq dlg$l (107d

5. 6lslg$ peircoro @6Dp6r1; e-riqii;onfrSldl noflgno alleofrune Gepuoor-61ry1.

6. Garenroforeou r-oruir Glonrun@ Glefiutu@rugng16 Lorrrirasrrn6 Glonenn@

ouiu@opng16
u&6oro oiur.-fiorg&g rr$lrrnangir; qypprir r0g$lq6 Oeoeundlpgt. g$6und cnflcnrbuoir efrsofki:
$l&gropun@oeir Glugriungrb gcopGeu.
. @u4i$hr gii16il ggt*6lS pwtnfliailu@ary;ne$ 4Etud;adrcgfi suuit-una s-drilrnr.
. gt(gtii@p grniry 6lp**ot 6hr"fu6t ur,hg (70k9/[Link])
o gairruwfi e-fi16afi gnrq 7%, a$la1- 2%
. uaanuiai0tutrani Aqneireaaalgdg filaafii q;ppgl
. aJJooeuqtb aoutrargt / Agl@t gmpatrargt

Sl$geoour Gurbuiu pstrooLoocnnglrir uustru@$gGeurni r.6lg$[Link] rrtirzun e.nriooflg6 c$angufleir

Gorarurgu.r 9{6rer.1 6leol&6lpgt. rnflsmirufi o$oanon& GlonotrL- oiL-t-lfuooflgteir Gleutufr e'@gono
6l<g,irg,b ooirug prbgrrouu.r r-ocot0rrroroGu. edloflurlfu gfrur-ono Gorgrocnoofl6 6lgt
e-annanroriu@$ptuL-olkileoo. rranGcu Gpeooruncor Thermal comfort - g-t-ofu uruotru@$pzunrir.
CIri'rg,i, rreircor pu.r&o& ! Glpnflo$p [Link].r6eri?
. enflsntu6b ofoancnt [Link]'ru@$$lt uacnu6 olL-L-drolgiig or$loroo gqror-otGumb.

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8. qdur orl@ronanfr Oungonooorryb Ognfi$ OonortGolrnor?
o rGor uuaiu@dirSlGormon?
[Link] gull[gafr Ooorir rilonnetlr] (Birla White Level Plast)

di'6g@ur{.} cort [Link] /oigronb clflgon uriuun6gorg.

* LEI6I GluE ornirClrfu o Eruqeqg6g #l0roofrr- 6ru6r,ror $lsdfl geGoromrgru$lotloon;
allgnanniroqStirgrb (Floor Ceilings) Cl6lmrufr- EarooGU (Ceiling Plaster) SE [Link].
o*r.-oorrtoqgdrg (Oenno;fr oi@ Gouooou / onnirClfi ori@Gorroo) uug gL-CI{CIrgt Guno - 1 r-6l.r.f onrrir
grgrtr 2odl.r.f orrt uuanu@$pon6. e-dlfr$gt Gunan ClGh-oamu ooanod
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g&c urytqeoronqrb cfl Glcrtruorb. dlG[oofrr' ooooor 6lonom@ oliutur-r n;ig Gr.o6t uryu8gt rflo
poutpna [Link] Gononon6 s*gu{It. Gro@uotonniracoon& drt Glcrig grutgno aouir-ur&sd a*grug.
CIg6ur d$ 24 [Link] Gryri o$l$El euonnoarug&cgconrb.
* r-6leo1rir ore6lorou:rong; o Erpflunnrgtri c'r-
* $lgaflooc ar-@ grnirg$lprrr - 0.65 N/mm2 (28 org gniao,?)
* ggl{ig gnFngdlgd,r - 9.00 N/mm'128 rg gnioot)
a Oorigurngrir Ggryrb (Setting Time) - 40 grgct 60 6h.6lunison
* 5 ClGon upgtrrir 20 ClGon cn6gooflcil 6lorr-ti;6lpg.
Oalordr r-flarneit' [Link] glolour 10 a$lgmpocn :
1. 15etuu Goarrgu.r uryuq agigronBotuu Gooun@6.
2. uril9ornn g6npg1 o-onon GLo@ uonondoanor$ Glg6lflorro$ gdlgdlL Gorum@rb.

3. urfl9room diir f&fl rErJran6$h- Gomrr@rb.

4. Ooarrir Eonnotri e-flt6n ornoflu5lci) 25% lytgti: 27o/o go*cuufrory Gonqicrb Glonqlruno osli@ -
oooroullancng! guJnfl$$lL Gorun@rir.
5. tpgr,? UE66lfL uonenuono o-rnon ulgpElaaflctr g4g1r.6louflu.r roonfhuns crl-rb Glonrur@ g[tEL Gormr@ri.
6. tllp ug$laoflgrrb gfl 1Garofigur oan$$lgg) a"""tg uarflurrc cir-6 Glonruur@ crfltrro [Link]-tu@$$r-
Goromr@dr.

7. gctuir- ultq - 24 Gfr66l0rgofr o-ofr$g 6lougtur-@all@6.

r-oarfl

8. 500 oo&gryoton e-irqdi ondlg ggrimu Glorof@ Ggdrtrgt gr-r--ngo$mrp Gla.rafl0ru@$4r- GormrGldr.
9. r-flananri florporcm g&c (Finish Coat) ([Link])gdr- Garoun@rir.
10. 6l6Ou uuirqooflrut lfE Gorouryru oromrourug&Smrrurt gdlu Goomi,@rir.,

[Link] oiurumr.6loton 6lgnanoGud oouf. 1800-11-1717

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usurp Gluriulrir GunGlgoiorrb
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o oafluooolrumno S)gggndl ggclu15gg gtiigtggnnur o$l.

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toouuTarno Dust:Gravel Mix 1:3,
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o Glcqieryronr urmtr / aBonrb urfiDpuro (Gravelly Soil, Soft Disintegrated rock) $ltgEgnui)
EouflgE uryoctr gqg$gonrh.
gSltuno Trenched load bearing wall foundation without intermediate RC column at every 4.50m
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5. mftEtrioeurflai E-u:rrir 3.00 r-dir-i' e-ur[66l$g Groer5lg$gnoir (Say 4.50 m / 5.00 m/ 6.00m) Glgnr-ri
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Erdg dpgr,t'Orb (Bea ri ng Ca pac ity) Ogrufrr-flt$aoo

o t-oodT Gcnganco gr;S[irooooflgrir, gg5grn unnnouno1ld|otfr Gungrir uolgrb r-orunarflan $lp$ru,gqt

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Gcngan6ur glfldi6Do grurrt Glertuofoqgrir elrirurJbdl6dl-r.6loi$l nggri 19pu8g$fr196
$Lroofldonr-odr qfl$gt Oorcud,@ Glcuciruu Gocoft@dlGpnrir.

11. Gomo$gdrriidlit ordlqDo orurrg onnidlfL gunrflJiidu

. M20 gifii onnirdlff. t : 1.5: 3 (Volume Batching)
[Link] 350 ClGon B(g 66ur [Link]-6dig ; goufnnfr :22 o5lur-i x7 = 154 rfhlL-ri (915 g:r-oor-69)
. 6l(9 Glpdl$16 ooiunrui (Super Plasticiser 300 6l.6rtl)
g15 grL-6u,L [Link]-&qg goufrnuffi[n$t Ealggl (w/c ratio: 0.44)
o ua,uT6i) : 0.32 m3 (11.30cft) (838 ClGarn) (1206lGon : 96 g:ianr-ti1g)
o olgrirorir cdrofloot
: 12u6Ii : 0.3m3 (10.60 cft) (820 ClGon) ,/ 1t7 6lGor
: 20u6lf : 0.3m3 (10.60 cft) (822 ClGon) / t tg ClGon

r M25 g6ri arnirdlfl. 1 = 1.25:24 (Volume Batching)

Cl6lLoofrr- 375 ClGor e(S 6our ufrir-grig ;garurorrfrr :21 nflir-ir x7 = 147 a5lL-ufr (gqg gruror-tig)
. 619 Gl66l$ld; ooturrui (Super Plasticiser 350 L6l.66l)
B(U grLanL flGkaofiutiirg pcuri,arffirn@t 65r15gt. (w/c ratio: 0.42)
o roflET6U :0.35 m3 (12.36cft) (917 ClGor) (122$lGon : gg grianutig)

o algnireoU eotrc6laat
: 12dLfr: 0.283m3 (10 cft) (775 6lGon) / 103 6lGon
: 20r.6h.6: 0.283m3 (10 cft) (775 ClGon) / 104 6lGon

10 ctiur-ir GlnrdrrJndrn oe{hr@ Building Engineers Hand Book

12. o;fcnanry ornfrBgbGurE @aouuflc0 ernilGo dOfjiEoE?
[email protected] 6amin+ur gmfrOorri+rflrioo puorjtiiorc oaian?

o ou@uonan$ gonnirooflotr - aL-@grtaai u$Eri oi@Lonanu Glunflurncnfroofloor-Gru CIgt O15 Gluflur

r-llry&cooourrunot Gucuu@6lpg.

. g(D Glurflu ury$g or-@uonnn$gflof gcnalhir-nia6n 10fiU6 gonriuooriroooon gGry gnaflotr GunL-@
Ug{iE lgrgou$lc[ooo. Brorur@l / UrmOr / grafig gnr-aat aLL €S6iln6. GorE 6lo Slo$o{orflut, eO
anva / u$g gnL-oon ofl6g,i, s-r Gunr Goonng Ggrlonrb. (due to inadequate centering and
shuttering materials). $[iugtur-r $lo$qoofl6t' ogg glu$$lotr (Location) tpg6b gnon ofronanryanur

SlEgg,orErt

. gO Clort onirGo aflir-niroon orgdlgGgn glnirGo!

o ra$96 Clofi nnirGo orooonq$p6 (Bending Moment) u6lod gooporne $lqi;dlgflgr / rargdlpGgn
(From +ve to negative BM) e[dGo... GorE Clort onirGo o$gfluq allooc (Shear force) gooporntr
@griClpGEn gr1rirGa... ootE uoonpno& OcnotrglCbtripanrt.

i::r lder h rll Roadf,orm

'shuttering
Concrete placed
on Day I End

f,onstruction

f,oncrete plared
on Day 2
h*"-r-f,f*

$uh-bare l{embrane
ftrnnoefr 6enrdmrE...
. J4uug eroironrb g$lur-llur- 6r-gdlui 6lgrgg Goremnurrir.

o ndGc Gonrr@Gluoutpngld o$onrDrfiDur flEggrunrb. (6lcldn6rtpndi) (g6u,DEEgt 7 prioon ggoir

21 gnr-aon omrry [Link] (Formwork - Shuttering & Props) GlgnL-i$g @6tugnoi:)

. e15 grang o;fioronrJ Gur@ruoog 619166l a5li@ - Lfoue@t ofroncos Gun@oggg gromuro - grnnGu
Gunir odoncoruSlrm grnug$uSlotr $korumuq / gu@i gria (Bonding Agent) gdlalh-@
qdlur esorooryanu: $lrrum@t roarfl Gpnire$l$git Gunr-onrir. $luGung u6tD$ru ofronanryGu:n@
qpflu o$oroo[ panpno grgri;Glonatqgri. onnGol Bonding Agent - CERABOND, Dr Fixit - Epoxy
Bonding Agent, Ultratech - Fixo Block - Jointing Mortar G)urulganr-u.r oi@mnan Gopf,lu5hudr eL$lt
g&aoroonu uu:outu@$pfl annGo Gungtronargl.

11 o[r-r-i [Link],rn o6Gu{D Building Engineers Hand Book

13. g+Epcnri g$looi 6r@ti@liGurg uf,Dpur Smrgocn ,/
Lop Clmrg;oon OOBgn$ oairor Oetrog?

22-03-2016 g60rE ernnoqgd;g3i GlgrflEg er-@gfr ggorn-$ldlfb u$ur-ll$gronon gorfltur-3ioog ggunfl-

g15 ouur.- gf+gg6nS6l619 Goou&gu Erufl5g6ufl O$lom (For lsolated Footing Foundation)
er@6griGung OO g$u5ldi u6urpru o-cop Clarrg OmE Otguug [Link]. Sl$lctr cruug

glggg6n6 gtrolouugt oruiE GeL-r-nrt. ggp19 nniroaflcu? u$oir

1. gEE urutgur e-mp Cl*U (3'0"gtg ollr-r-grmrr-rugt)

ug$anru ootrgornr-$glot : Glcqicranon Loouri 1:3

&
(Stone Crusher Dust : Gravel Mix 1:3 / Clrnarir
-,#
dlolr-dengGurgt Cement: Stone Crushed Dust Mix

1:10 - semi dry) xsilEgl Glonqlurb Glonqieunot Gunr-@

gflr5lo' Gloncun@ 6louguu@$g Garoufi@rb.

2- [Link] ug$lu5lotr 1'0" g$Sg6l$grou@fr Plain Cement

Concrete [Link] ao$g Guni@ grgu Gonni,@rb.

3. $lg$gGuocir ertGlunlggrb
g9$p6rpdl$gflu PCC uggu6 RC
Guno lsolated Footing

lsolated Footing
ffi ffi ".cd

Gunrl@ g4g996lrg6ur5 gqonr.o3igflr-

Gorcnnn@6. Well

4. Gurflur 6lp$g Gloafl Clompno

CIrg5gn6b (10'x12' g6rotldt!; 6ltg5gn6tt

5gg g5g66lfi, 15'0"x15'0"x1'6"

Eccentric
gqonollctr RCC concrete Pedestal slab Footing

Glonoor@ Ug gtgofid$ ggpg6r6

gr;oom&oon6.

5. $lcsonaflgcir Clrum66l6g grmruno 6lra*51 $loocaoflglb 5'0'76'0" GlgnanoerllGoGur Eccentric Footing

Guni@ cantilever Beam (Designed) frig Gr-o$Glonom@ ori@[Link]$or53i 6lgnL[on6.

t2 crlu-t G}.ffdrumni oeGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 1 4. orl-r-nirooflilr 6on@nime Ogrrirg gumoanoni

(Floati n g Col u m ns) uurotu@rhgoog3b gollfrrh$.

o[r-ud ori@ronem$gf,lo[ ungtanuq (Safety), rilo& [Link] floopounan uruofrun@ (serviceability) r-0frg6
frmnr- orofr flou,o$gr$lrutg Gcanruun;iErir o EBfl (Durability)

6lor, (960tU6 $latfhuootourrgroru. $-eu qgranoopulrb , Erpfiltu@$gng ar-rupisot dloqrir

ggu$gnoroo.

1. gr;ru&oorau5lotr
Slqg eL-lurb or-@rir g-fl6,L0un6nf ou@grt errioofl-rir structural Design oi@rarcor
olgoroor-oiq Gor-@ o$5anrt. oit-u ronnourugrtr glatudio r-flotuti;o oncrlluSh-niroolr, (Front & Rear Set
Back) Ecrynr-Cl / g1go ofldlganpr*Clcunnio grornuBor; 1.50 [Link];
6lcoutorncurt Glulggorr euonrt&Cl

(59l+), u6eorigotr 1.00 r-fiL-ft (3'4") ono6lulh--rb ollu Gorcumg qgcoo$grooan (Corner column)
(Fig a) [Link] dtErgdl grgeir gonrir & $trrufir-n6 g6rgdl5b Lf6m,rGI6
ororryur-3ipflo[
glooo$grroeum Glooflrlqprb Esfr66l Glgnln@ir gryanioonna orgoroom$a Gourum@6 omig
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@6ur-flgrn Stggooeur
otgoucororiq groog gfhiuns ClanlLot-r- flog@6e ollaneonnongi gnnirgo:Bflc$ unglonuqBlgrl uniradr
rJfruu [Link]@ orurd oCIg,|dlGgnd.

Clo orgoorotq oSloryniroot :

230 x 300r-6hf - 6-16 # Gurgrannngt . - gnrarr (3)6f6i)

12-25# + 6-20#, Erptlggigoon - gn6ufr (1)

r6le gq$oono (525 KN-m) Stgtugnetr ouflur gqorq !ryr@rri, s*[Link] e-gpflggr-goegrn gggGo,ip
o:cfloouunnn 6lurflur gg656n(9dr Ggcooriu@dlDgu; oeocoord; a.r-@clpg1.

ur$E 6I$unLrrrf,.... , l'm

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ororJurrir (a) 6lotr $lt5rrgt Guno ggrdano Glen@nirooe ail_r_rir (2) (4)
( t)
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(2,
-1
@cirouanr-orir-5lot gnoui Glgnnirg6 gn6uufl6t ar15rb Ggrg unr6 360 KN. 1524
l

(3) t
I

Fig.(a)

13 oi.r-ut Olr&rnrorir ocGuJ(D Building Engineers Hand Book

dfigg6nggfi6un (1) [Link] $lgcrnnotr 6l$u6]rb 6ltg6l-" aranoneq$Erir KNm @oror a.@5ono @t5uugnott"'
dtlgg6n5g116on (1) ganE 450 x 900mm Gpcootu@org 12-25# + 6'16# e-E$gguqaon'

oraflrfir (Fig b) CIgrGo 6ttg Oon@nioro oiliuniraot

(7) & (9).. $lg GlEnnirgrb Enrufie6fi (8) & (10) [Link]}iqp
ollir-niaat 1'l & 12 $l$'letr OgnFngLb grourooflotr o66 d$flcoo tE)
Ggryg unrrrir -50% ganpq (180 KN rou@Gr-o) Glor@rieoo

afloi qrb pa (96u'D6{. @pcrnnotr S$Slon ru$ (s)

o![- unio Slnnr- Gl orofl ( s n )
(12)
gnouunfgt ogri Mx &Myganpq.

nomco glf6uufl6ri 9|6116}{ 300 x 600 Gungrnrnrgn6'oqrb e-6n6lr6ur. Fig.(b)

e-E$g5ugtii6it 6-25# + 4/16#

6[dLrnn o@6gucnr oorruuri (Fig c)

niGungrb Guno gnonn (1) nei:er:n$gonnirooflgrh 6lrg,ittgilh.

Ognnir1g grnesrooi 61916@imo. ereuflguri Brorm$t Oar@niroo 0)
ollir-nioat (2) & (3) @lroumGt erl alluL-niroon (Edge Beams)
{5)
(4) & (5) Slciroorr-otr-5'l5b O (2), (3), (4) & (5) riigr-uuL- utg$aat t3)

g[6op56rr]ro $lcitonroctl service verandah, corridor, balcony

(4) t4)

GunorEu oratflgsqguor (Hand rails) Gleruoilu@rn / uruanu@$5tu@6' Fag.(c)

Brug gcirGlornlg EonE$lgtff (First floor,

2nd Floor, etc) gqnnLotq $llguugnctt
Floatitg
Oon@nirnno olliu
unrygrb $ol$ptrott
RC Colurrn
rr$uGrrn arooono$ggfi rfloBlgnnporno
$guugnctr (2OYo glgi6[ 3Oo/o ooo[)
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g4rietuu$ [Link] @Oti1g,b.
oir-r-6oorotgri (Architect) Glrnctrdlpnri

cranugnGoGur o5'lugfrorg ,/ ggu$anE erilano Canlilcvcr Bcant

6or@3i;g1 onnianpfraot. Oplndt1g6

gne*aom Cgirdgrmo6 Edi0ifr. RC Cdwm

6r6lnrnfl6tr lrorii1g ungpntqrb L$6lul,ir
glricrfldont uurariun@Gr-o grdidlulb.'

Diilrnn dtorflru ndip cdum wth cantilevcr beam

L4 cr}-r-fi Orrftrcrf tl68l.@ Building Engineerc Hand Book

 15. ur ordorrflgrlc :

ornfianoi GoadrLrcu
r-& qri (Touchwood) Oudknfrrr: gngdeonGu?

1. ury$pflanrarnon ogqoon, rfltrn cgorloon uEEI6 $leopgg r0rl+

crmno*oon ,/
ocoo0 Ourqpr-o1gdg r.6lgr.6lguq uonuontq eorigu
gfiGun$ French Polish oontu@rb orrfofla[ orou&ountg&ancr1
Glugrburgl6 uruanu@$;gdlartpanf .

onfr'anoi orffiamr{+d$lafr gmgun@oofr

* flnnor oro6 g6DDo{, 5 gb6nir@oeDti;1g glggtcopgtia.

* [Link], g6u'i,nffi url-noir $lOflp$grt, und[]r{. aSHn
* [Link]@rb Gzuooalum'o* 6196l, o-@gonrur orolb. TotHilo{}0 *"L
!I
rffitrraFei
* orui'arrug&c o-@gonom Glcoq. W
ds
2. Ogp1gt u$onc Asian Paints flEornnrb egangiu@Jii$l noflgro&
dleou6grb Touchwood Paints orarmrurnug&e gcarrni. CIooot ;
5/6 orunanrniroofletr Dark Brown, Reddish Brown, Medium Brown,
Yellowish Brown, Light Brown Gunairp flpnnoofloir Clanu6dlanpom.

lqt llr lt lr r r \r Ft qF r *r}tBi I I\Nt

Ooffi eft' a-(D$nrnm uurotcat

* Grains in wood g4tugGru [Link] Gtg'flul&.

* flmamnorir 15 g6dnn@o€Eti(g GroGol

* Glzuullob, garroffi, r-oanpulrcU gfU dldlglrb flprb unpngeoor
i.i
,.,

I #t o"*'
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' (g6oD64.

l;l l.i tl'i .\!-! L{

* Glcoapb googGor, r.o;!lp ooui,eunfrg&ooeoilu
ollnno nl[-r-66g + 15o/o uor-@Gr-0.

3. onnGal uotDpur French Polish'Varnish g&ooe gt(Borgpono oilri@t afli$t - gdlo gnnnnro g6ri
darirL arod $loooggt 6lEgG crSlano g6u,Oorn6ur Touch wood Paintsgt uurairu@3figGor6.

r crjl-ut [Link]# 06&r$l Building Engineers Hand Book

16.6Trfl cnrbuir qloon (Flyash Bricks)&

ofiorang Oollgri oli@oon (Precast solid concrete Blocks)

6oncur@ f,r I l[tt I ol@-urflgron rofr Oofrurb o"-@aono @gtiigun?
-
orn0ou$luno - Eorpnrfi [Link] [Link]@dlpg [email protected]
$luugruno
uropu:omor$$k6ltUfg ronp alllgriung - qpf,lu-rnno$copti oanL-r-llg6a LoE66lp, afigu&GtranonocogGu
flEg$lalh-r- 4lo or-@grtolqgrb or-@unan Gro$urfreoorunnrfioqgrb - g$ltunod; oit-L- Gootr$lfloqgrb
gn6ur @uuguuL-r- e-oumroro6g orprofi o6$$huroo (gl5ttogt grlofooflour qgrugrbr-Sl6coemrru)
ollangBdlpnrtoot. grloogdiGor-grir Clo [Link] (g4riug ooutpnctr) erpiroot oir-unirooflet oTrflorrbuctl
Glcriro$clanrnGun ar$onoory ol@eooonGuln uurofu@$gd;a*r-ng crmrEr g@riidlpnfoot.

61fl cnriluotr apeicir/a,$ancory or-@oen - &rgnr6u6r

(gt5nogt Glcniro$ocoolror5ll ooot- rflg$gmrar
Ooig$grutooro Density & Stiffness e,@Eonarooar.) cranGru Ooofl0otu6 $lggonGon or-$g; Guno
Ggrdr L6lqdlurndlpg. glotalg; $torpdouf Gloruurh ou$grb 6lpom rgropdurorlgt ooutuorng& Gcngcoon
gr g646ot Glgon on$ Glgofl erln e3i Glgfl afkid o*pan.

nanGo orrflerrbuoil eSeon,/61oigtii of;oroorJ ori@oon Glsnoufi@ ot'L-tur'r- of@ooflgon

E-onGloturir *"@Eoro Og,irg,b noutug; g6upr6ur r-oantr-SlrJooro, o-annror-oullotrong qrflg6fu
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-
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gur-ll@rir

Gungt - lgnnporoGar 015dit196 omrugt grot truurooro.

ra. rt rtl (!.#Gt{r* d rblecl. ffi

Udat l frin I , I a a th !s6* F th*rill .1deir{._ f .{ b6h.*rrr it_r*
[Link] 0r,'o eilr {Wrt u*tq osrq {dLt0{ r{ . l1e*m.{ *[Link] E lM h & ar&-uB
fo
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ffi* 5* As*anfe 4n$.s I I f ii

Conversely, the thermal diffusivity of steel, 25 times greater than that of concreter,
combined with a low massivity of pieces, has a serious influence on the behavior of
steel pieces.

Fire Resistance

Concrete has history of good performance in fire

r Concrete is non-combustible and has low

thermal conductivity
r Concrete maintains cool inner core during
many fires which maintains load

L6 e[uufr Ornfruarori oc&t@ Building Engineers Hand Book

The fire resistance of composite cement (with addition of 35olo fly ash) - PPC cement
pastes was evaluated after firing at 25Oo ,45Oo,600o & B00oc with rate of firing 5oc /minute
with soaking time for 2 hours. From the test results it is concluded that PPC cement (with
flyash) can be used as fire resisting cement. (ref: Ceramic International - January 2012
pages 201-209)

Excellent Thermal Insulation The buildings using flyash bricks are cool in summer
and warm in winter. The high insulating property with low enbodied energy reduces the
energy consumption upto 50o/o.

Fire Resistance: Fire Resistance of flyash bricks is very high as these bricks are
composed of flyash as its major constituent (Ref: Info @ Puzzolana [Link]).

These bricks do not absorb heat; they reflect heat and gives maximum light reflection which
causes less heating of huge structures. Further these bricks good fire rating due to the
absence of fire catching materials.

-l-&lals t - agqu(vslent t la{c kn6ei { lra . } 16r- eienet6y., €&ner6te

(li(r€k wldtt*
Faam*n-l t}l€ck Fts€k Cral -tr1.*rtr1-.1Q

E F&rt lel ,r tll :f.>tt(t fill

4 2 -'7

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e{ll*rGg&e6 srss!,tra€ A*-t-^ra C-:}3 {r6t. 3) or.C;-3It {.,*f . ,t}
r_6rquar6ryt6na.*.

Thble 2. Minimum equlvalent th*ckness required {in.l far

standard ncrrttrrrrest btock
Firc Ratlng
1 Hr. ? Hr" 3 Ht: 4 Hr.
2.52 3-80 4.78 5.60
:r*ia:as p" l''lfe-f@tl*t&ara.s r6tt.t**ts <rf (,{!r!.iaBta€ tt.r6a{}[Link],

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tta3'€a lxrar$_x -

r [Link] Olrdunr6ni ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

17. OurrrGonriun g@oanonfr uurofru@3figGamb

a lgOO-1950 -ri;lgiuiu ononiroofloir siuluur- (Glugrbungprb @rflal uouirmfroot, glfcm 5nfioat

upErdr Glugdr Gleotor;iprioon) [Link] Gleottol roroflanoooflglrb OrrJnGsnrlun

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gloufioor.o6

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[Link] Bro. dlptunoGru uuoiu@3igtu@Clatpan. ollooo golpfunourf,Dor-

$lu$mraGu:rGt ggdl6u,cq e-6nLur6DEU.

ggfluuno...a*rory [email protected] B$laat

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18 oiuut [Link] oeGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

18. r+6lur ori@[Link] odorasl]@ro [Link] ogonor (Micro Concrete)
a eoLn&Grn onmrdlfi- ootrug S!(D or6rDorlrco ggu$p&
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a erdrorn6 oi@Loncm Go$luflu:oi: $lEeuounnroqqgrir ooLo&Gryn onrirdlfi-roL-$ punflpgl

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a 25 dlGcun rnLo&Grln onnrdlrfLgetr Gpmrnul sE6Dp ofleoo qg 550/= [Link]-@GLo.

er@6916oniuno

o CHRYSO EXCEM - MC MICRO CONCRETE

. CERACHEM - CERA MICRO CONCRETE
o PIDILITE/ Dr. FIXIT - MICRO CONCRETE
. TECHNY CHEMY - TEC Grout Mc & TEC MORTARX
o DON CONSTRUCTION CHEMICALS - CEMPATCH HM

19 ciuuir Oqdurmf rcGru@ Building Engineers Hand Eook

19. o5lflorcol @omnlq (Expansion Joint| rig
@ruaoudi $[d gqmrotq Goramrmi.

r g4oufioouuSlot gorfrufr glgo:rflat $l1groffi orryGor$q fla$r+Ckiq Ofr ett5$ gr-cg$lrI

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r Glurfhu fonLonan sr.-ur-rjrsoflcir (45 [Link]-gtirlg Groonorn) g1g [Link] $loromtq grriuu Goroun@6

crsu?ugt ou@r-ornnu [Link] o$enig Glg$l. uotronco&@oornaGo @gfrGlerur $lrruanuo gnofroot

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e-gpfllmru:t urururu@gpfl ogdlGgnth. $lganrotr S)$g otlflar6nu $lanrnntq $lanuGloroflullotr $tdioflormrg
gg$lgurorog g@6eglgor$cirano. Og*i (gtrpun@ ari@gri gqroo,ororlgriigt Opfl$gn$6 orlur.-6
oanolgfr gqdorir-r-$nng Twin columns Twin Beams geopulloU Eurnrfl$$qStugrotr g4uugGru

or$png ariur-$ang6 oL-@Ckutpanri.

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[Link] & Associates gunrflri;grb air-u

atgoooutqoaflctr S[bglorpoutur5 gofli'$gl gG6
gn6uuflotr [Link]-L-$$str r-ou@rb RC Bracket e-Epfl61uE Ennirdl gqorrouGun@ a-gu.r @rioor olllurjroroon
orgoorr-o6dlGgnrb. Supreme Dura Board HD 100 - (Bitumen free) orgtrb filler board expansion joint
4gorlr urflggrrorfidj$lGgnt. 0-. goSlry 6lmnr-ornr ronguSlot 616g Our-l nllur-nircoflan $lanuGlor6lflulloi)

Ultra Tech Seal & Dry - Two coats grJ[rur-Gouorf@rb oanErb urfl$grenryd;6lGpnrb. allflouror $)anarru8our
e[oo66l5[l' FRP Sheet / Polycarbonate sheet- 2mm to 3mm Oenofr@
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qgrL [Link]$rrir crnnErb GlcnsbdlGpnrb. Slgnnnotr frBodlorg, FrII6 prjt@orgt gr$$lgpr-ona$

g@ti;otu@Clgg1. urururu@$$n un6nneen.

20 ciur-i Orrduno# oeGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

20. 15ria Goroouilcb qdur s$dl
Slatropru gaolgroopullanug colrflsil uaflnirg g@sooon BigL (egflcurrp, goflurooop, rroourrouorDp opgJrir
orfiGrufr uooq Gunotproeuoofloil) d$Booufr L E6oL(yt6DE [Link]@6lpgt.
oiuturlL- Glorirooir aarrflotr 1261.10 eon$$otr GlenrJGlonrllunan g&a (Rough Cement Plastering)
Gotooo [Link]@6lpg.

Shigria urtflom dgu - rfoun@rir oofl]runan ClGlLsouuru soooouuSlooan (Rich Mix Cement
g[g$guLll60t,
Mortar t:2 I 7:3) gr-6fl - gg6rt rfgrt uoflnng glLEoLU (Ceramic Wall Tiles / Marble Tiles /
Granite Tiles) u6l6gr& aggt Ocdrornrtoot.
$kopuGunoGo [Link]$lurlluu gqropeofletr gpflltuno orryGorfruropulleir - e-rury& sourioofletr
(Vertical Walls - Bottom Skifting) - 150 L6l.d / 100 [Link] e-ur[661p@ Gorgl orrufirrmg$loir uaflnig
g@oooont u$irugrb orp6oLono 6ltU,i'Clpgl.
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GlouoflGudu+dt Glonof@ gouflGur o@uunogi Ogrflqrn. $llgot [Link] ugdlu$6b / uur-gpflotr orrlGurgrb
q1g6lqt gncrb ug;iGg glg,ig,b. tsgt aorgrq6Garinnr- e-ofrr-rtiigClgg ooutuorg g4ooourorlgrb
gnne1fllGonrir.

qdlur qiidUoo 6Gsr:

gofhuoeop, ogflarrurp mDU6 coorou:rir glourpii aaltaoflrtl
@nug$u9otr gtgrrrglgnllotr g&a GooooGru Oeriur GoromL-rrir
(No Plastering of Walls)
uoflnirg g@oroon qdlur g&adi eoolouSlcurar$ gr-cfil
(6rfl.d/106lLd ocur66l6g) gig or5L-onrb.
gg6rt [Link] GprygurnaGo
Ggorord;g Tile Adhesive & Bonding agent-ulrb
uruornu@$gonrb.

$luGlungg 15&a Gorrnou5letr (Plastered suface Level)

uaflnirg OL-g6rfr Groct roiugrrir gGr 6lp@d;ano,B
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d$lor-L-$$ot Skirting / Dadoing Glcriru - dgror-r-g$l6t [Link] Skirting Tile

/ 20 fitfr o-u.rr1$g$$gu 15&c GormroGur Oerirurr-oGo - Gogtonon

e-urryg$lotr [Link]-@rb 1tr*a Gorano Glerirgt - #U
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l2fifl [Link]

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r-floutrrrfi
g$6ur dgl u6l$gil allu Gououfi@,i,. Onng Tile Grout & bonding agent [Link]@gpflr- Gocun@rb.
Goreoo tggfg6qu6ur - [Link] r-o$grb Skirting Slot Gr-oetrgont CIrrnnn@tr gGry ror-ugipflotr
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Slgrnrc[ d$tiiooufr I uurrutoat ClnnL-d;Clanpnn.

. Gleoomlgd gd,a Gzuano g6urpdltrg1.

. @gourrctr griu'ri rf,alcocu Gcrfltqr--r*, Goroo Gfftgrb ungflu.rno6 196u,Ddlpgl
. gLLtuLl uaflnirg BLgour Graoi: ur;uqri - g&aGzuroou5lout gonglrir gGry uor-L-$$lotr grleor-odlrrrporn.
. 6lg6ur orllJsunron.E gndlqrir [Link] ugo.r$dooo, aangrryd Go@rir $lo$orpflrtreoo.
. 6lggt q$lu e-$$anu6 arurur-flgqrdroon, ro$porteqq5tiigrb or@$grn Genoiglniroot.

r orllut Atdumerrn r6ctr.@ Building Engineers Hand Book

21. FRP ogq Slmoooi & opopmorft uuaftu@g$nirorn :

urmarfl r}mu lop;[$ ofl @nnooi,

o gs0ungg; orir-r-niooflotr - g$hiuro hlrgllf,ltrr! EDI\E

tqt pd'l rtF
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l\
Fre

uonoflooflgrb, oci:gurflcoflgyG,
I

grlgloroanirooflglrb - [Link] &

o$loorpolg6qdi ogolsolrno
Flush Doors, PVC Doors SlarSooPu
Ou6rburgrb uruanu@l66l org$lGpnrb.
o $l$geoour g4ropoafletr - gofiarfrt e(gdi@6,
Fr[6 gniregprb, ggrisg $lpggt (gr.-[Link]
Gp;rfl@Clp$. $lgannotr 6l-t oofl$le$

GcEraooldlotpan. PVC - urnoi: €U6ur6oor

4-5 ggemr@oafletr Glarturir - g6lflf
@anor ronsp$gnctr tgrErd;Cl$ $l@tgdlomtrrur.
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set) Gtogrb @o$Slgenr-ur 6or-g$Sootanr-o

(Stiffness) (g6op6ur6 @15uugngdr

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3.I : {[Link]$egntdl.*s
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rr UDA?rtlrERO
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gr-@[Link]

FRP/GRP oang gr;onp6ouu@,b 6larp o-grg6lg5uuuur-r- Ogdl$ldr ogo{saDolr (Fibre / Glass

Reinforced Plastic Doors) ($loroaon + ogorqtuooniroon) a-unngurot uuanu@$gtuorE
GlgrflolltiidlGprtb. o"oolt €Sft Ltl ogqsoflai Grafiuiu Srurorr-ooot 0-.'
o S'lano nr$gnGor fr ggd;onGa:n B15 Cldlg1,b unpfltiiorlu@opf,lotrooo.

. Glotufleoo ron$p$gnct $l6oGollr,/grgudsGoln Glcriorpflotrano.

o $lgsGtoang goflGur ormrarrug*a (60 qgofi@o€grigri s*L) Ga[rur Goounqur$silmo.
grunrflBatui@ o6rbGunGg Goromrgu orsunouurniooflotr gonSlcoruur$g 6lmu66lpgr.
o uu:otum'@di onorir 60 qgofi@a0fr. Og6g gmrg Gloug$panroro o-ofrongnct 615, o Erltlu:na o-onongl.

. ElFfrofuDo (Boou{6 opqrb) 6.350/eOugt+'Egro{ tn-G[b 6.2W' egug9

. Oomfluqpdi ogqeqgd;gtb (Exterior Doors) uuromu@$5on6.

22 6[LLt Ol&rrr* roECu.O Building Engineers Hand Book

?2. uiolireioflc0 grmno$rfletilrooonfi g@uuE tnru+

airysE
a Glulgrbunonour .: t
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Ero

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cracks / mild cracks) I

6l$u@4l6urp6ur,/ 6lrnEd; ar-@rannn$ganp cnfr$Ggnfr Air cracks er6nE6 Hairline cracks rranEdl

orpBororo& Glenotrdlotgowfi. $lcoar e.-6un6or0u5lctt cqriio ol[flcrdtoot (Shrinkage cracks)

onnuGg 16lo& eflurnansrglb.
a cadr uryuq orgorptune Btg,i,* Gorouur@rb oanug$ono gq1996l ggg$ltr Ggrirlugrglrir '
opgtlit [Link]- urrDil roi@Lir arou#lu:no6 oanry$gt gcorgngpGu SlSiigooau: a1g6o
allflcotroon oy$u@Cloipom oofuorg pnrb g4nnanor@rb Clgrfl$gil Glanoton GarrufiGlrir.
a $luugiur-r- a1g6o orfloctroon eolriir uryuqooflcir [Link] gi@l661u dlo oi@unnn o-$$loat
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ugflono [Link] nanuu@rb oTrflsnrbuct Gal6g dlGhoorrL- orcooaanonGu: uuanu@3iipflr-
Goloufi@ri. 6l6l[ooumL- unnnot gcGo.r &LLrgt.

2. $ilururm-norgno #lGh-orumi: unrrcil Gal6)6u aflClgtt 'l:6 / 1:8 ggo Slgd;o Garufr@6.
orufrgiruro 'l.3 / 14 eilldlgrano S6rierir {f,LLrrgt. 6IQnr6rfl5[ @cnaflClg6 ooroarooflotr gnot
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r.6lori

Mortar [Link]... 8Gh-ooufu : +ofroumn6q : r-oonotr) 12 [Link] ormrb (Thermal comfort)

o-@gono6 dlanlriilgrb. e$ongooflotr glru?Gu [Link]- s*L6l ooooolaot.
(Ramco superplaster) ClnnL-ri;Clanpan.
4. Ooogg Eerllrr... a66e aflflcotroooon$ g@uug$ona Gleru$eoo Glou@ $kurgoon
(Synthetic cut fibres) - say Recron 35 Gunompano) oou$g Cl0Loomr- ooonoru5lcoant
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5. GLog;1rb J[oufimrr.o6 ononirooflotr Birla White - Level Plast aonp uig& ooooomot
[Link]

e-6u561 Glc0ruuui@ c$orgri u@$gtur-@otonan. $orgoop e-Lr-lEU g&* Gomnooqg6gu

uptlonot uuroutu@1j;$d' a1g6o oilflcotroooonu Ourflgrb g@d;aonrb.

23 crluuir [Link] o6Gtu@ Building Engineerc Hand Book

23. qonp$p 6TmL oSonory oi@oat
p6om6octr o$enory oi@ooli - So crflurnon gootciroot
(CLC Blocks / AAC Blocks / Light Weight Concrete Blocks)
t#t
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annGru $lor$angt uo grriur-u oi@r-onnn Goroooolg6qrb
uuanu@$gorfr. grJmrrur aariern 19ourp55 .r6ur(y06oLtu
griClcoon& Glcrlru.r - gg$g6rr66l6tg q;iypuu@fr GlranSlg
unry$pflotr lOYo ggstt 15Yo orofi g6opo1 - (g6u,p5g
Gotroarunonft Gpano - 6lgn$loeg$d[ Slug$lryniaonnctr
[Link]@[Link] 9[6 u6$6 gqonqaot mrEungorianr-o -
ar@aoflot gt6no.l (5% rigrb) g6op6q - a-@gonorn
afounrngrb
Glo[u6 oruq (Thermal Comfort) - anUr+ q51ggt6gs6gigt -
Oor0dlrut rroor- 600 ClGnrn/o.r.f grgft 1600 SlGon/o.r.f. oroury -
Sano 600x200x200r-6[.f ,/ 600x150x20061.1f. / 6ooxlOA/20061.d
gqonqoaflctr dlanr-Bdlofrpan. qgeurncir g15 gtgluarglrb oipdl$g
orcita:[Link] e-EUlLul ol-@uonaru Oun$lurnonfloui unirooarullotr
Ggrti;gri Gung... /
a @oddlour oflano r-6lo rflo gt$lorir. (6lcniraoi oLGl
Go:oooanu: ol[- 2.50 r-or-nig)
a
6l** rllitluq& sorrtaat (Partition Walts) opgrt
Filler Walls 6lutqr+ aarteqg6Go 6[i1p6u,or.
a od9turo ryfr,flntglb codrogdigl.r
ruenu@$gri eLrE; ollflcetr rllg,b. qgcuuflcour
a$$huctr Oononn@ ggggn5t Egtr-llananu Eo! 3ri1 ho i.

@15tiiengr. g$g g4pflrtallannGoGu: allflectraat !:a"/1'e'.e !:Aa

6r$u@6l6urp6ur- (et1yrdr1gg gnnng$ponn 35 ClGon/ F*4dgr 4cit

cgrr Glarf gnai - gnri@& Glenioaikut gqonqgnan)

Glenirootr ol@ Goanonnu olL gani,oufoory [Link]

o-$lqierb gotorraqoolurgt - rranGo: mr;rir aarflglat
Enirdl omSloor.o6 (gourgtooor 6r6u6l$Et6. OOg
CLC Blocks / AAC Blocks / Light Weight Concrete
Blocks or-@slgrig u$ono $l$g6,our
gotanuaGcnn@ / Guturu grurcoraoGonn@ urr6l *
allooouJloir POROTHERM 6196 [Link]? Gonruuir-
[Link] aiu OepircoU oi@oat c$ooguSloir
6lanud;6lnnpon. [Link] uurotu@$glnirooir.

rafrGlgn1g ronfrEri ori@[Link] Glungqgrb c$ooEuiletr Ckor-tiidlatgg. SttilEnour goom orrtgg ofranorJ
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Gcuanooou.t alL-ti gropGor. oroilon ailgr-onour orl@[Link] Goanoeqgdlgrb [Link]@$gonrb. ou@uonour&
Ocoqrb lgropqpnan.

24 erluu[t Olrflunmir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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24. s,aftoofloir g&crii ooeooufl6o6ur (Plaster - Mortar)
6rctu ggp$t grgbflb Gpu.r&o& o"-r-ng?
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gr}at urtrlletr [Link] dlGLoafuru ur6D6u e€E$dl g6opqft qe$61
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"unrunfrEpcil" netrpanprndGprnb. g4tGung1pnetr ooeoeutg&a

[Link] Gro;frurytq [Link] 6tCU,irtq,i,
motrg ggpl0n6 p6
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o-pi$l netrugr er$pcoem Gu66;1gt qfl$$l1566lpgl?

* @pannrir cretrem Glnnsonfin oflgriru$ponp ollooonqoon 6l$u@6lrtnp* creirE unririGurn-on?

. dlG[onruri - Loemnri] gtoeirooflrolGu GungLonan $leor-Glzuafl (voids) @[Link]
$rn;bfhu
,9prg trord'D6u dtdlgl ogruo&6lertqi). Gonanr-onzuruoofloil Glouu$osletr grrd;o$pnei: dtdlgt
oflflamnL-u1rir. g$6unr6t erup$l ggp$le Gprpppnrfu - @orr-Gler:ofl Slei:onanuounoil eaLriturytr5ld:
og&o a[lfle6ilo6lr 6I6u@dlfirpm. $loopp pnrtr prnil r-ouflrflcop oflfleeiloon /
onpEr oflfls6iloe;r
(Aircracks) nrtrE gfltrfl@dlGpmb.
* @rlrobrL-nerLprrs oeuflotr GLo$u6r-rq olporpriuna S)guupncfu g;p6trdg1 geuu@ri oruurmmtg&a
(Painting) u6lo& orflune gr-@ou$loUroo. ofloorro$leil E-dlpgt dp"l,i, oundrriqonrng. crorGer pnetr
azultooflrtr r.69r dlGlLoarorL oalanoru96r,6ur g{1gg$ ggg$lg Gpu6;od;o.L-ng ostrg GlenrirdlGpmir
onfunltuno dlGlroninL-undr g$pp{n eLL-rgt erotrErb euarqE$g1dlGpmi,. g{uug eroirproil $SluL
aeuituryrir9oil uuflrflcop oflfleeiloon/ elq6a aflrfle6fuo6ft eugemop$ gG)ri;o eu$lorotrrn? rrotrueopt
umitGunLon?

1. or$p& [Link]$$lgri dlGlLomurL- uneb q6nDlil - [Link]$ Gprir&o6 o.L-ng.

2. SlGluroim-: Lorm,r6b 6il6o6u 1:5deonrug&o Goroo&gt [email protected] porflfpgJ -
aninrrombq& a'L-@& [Link] (dlG[oamrL- :oobrruorrniq: Loffur5b 1I:6 oetrp g4oroglGa;n -
@ttrg,b eugorptuno Gouarm@Glmetrpndr [Link] rrrtrp ofl6lp$$leir oa4ip cnbrruinmbq6 er,L-@&
tral6D6'u (combination mortar) uglroan& aeurir-0g'l gceupDgt [Link]@$$lL- Geunfur@rb.
$lpconcfu ggp$l g41ge$le Gprr.r&[Link] eugougriunem oeuritu[tq SooL-66lpg. ofL-ggteir dl1llgt
goflri&dlqrb 6leoL-&6lpg. ag8o oflfleoi:oGenn rouflrfloop oflrfleoiloGeim 6lpuL-ngt. [Link]
6l-p-, uuotru@$pormb.

Ooncpt$ pioodr:
dl6lLoairn- trduroor (Cement mortar) pnrtr uurtruOp$tu Gouain@ri. e56rnr6il Louflrfleop/ o196o
[Link] opur-& eLLrgt netrE Gzuaror@Gami6g.....
. dlGlmairn- oororuqretr Fibermesh virgin poly propylene fibers @ 125gmlper 50kg weight of
cement - GleruSooo Slanp pmioooor6 oouEg aouitg&a Glsriu-rrunrb. Glomflri, e$eopugdr Reliance
Recron 35 erg6 [Link] 6lurp pmtoon 6laoL-66letrprm. 6l-pq,i, 66Dpgt S&a Gemoar
Gornpnoir 90% g4enq&19 aqg&ooflfledroeoen$ poflf$$h_ Ugnl6.
$ruoon oflongelg1 -
cobreurnrnbq& a,u@6oeuaneuu:n?
- [Link] Sbop oreoo o6upp SlGhoarurL- [Link]?

25 [Link]-t O-rdnnrdrfr ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

25. olilflorntorir og$l Ounior-$ Eorpdl6[)
Oodrg;ft gnamoon (Dummy Columns)gr;oto$pdr - crflulror [Link] og?

Glungtarro gaflrunrt grrirolgror-ru 19gu9l15uq of@oot ari@rbGung fl$ltu$Dn{i gropuSbut rrnr6uuTun6

gopeir erL-gdletr g6r,u$gon6,/ g4sUog; gruryggonrb upgJri' glgotr gongieog r-or-@rb oL-g-r-llsut 6l6lol"dl
GluErir Gung (5 ggoufi@ont,/ l0guouur@cdt c$lggu) Slrouun-nrir ar-ugipflotr grgotr gon$ooEl Elrrufiunrb
gonSlirogB or-@[Link] org6oLonad Glarrufr @otonnntt.

Sl$gooau $lo$qoofletr g6utrlgg6n GlLorioou r-ongu5lGon/ Ug6t g6n GluniooL- rangu5lGon O.6Eg
greufiocoonri (Dummy Columns) (g6r,ppggt 750/900/1000 6l,f) e-ur[66lpg figr- Gooumg Gpfrdlpg,r.
$)$g6oour OadELl$gfrrrfissoen6 or-@prtoon ([Link] g4anroiugfletrcoo [Link]? onryoroLono.

1. Eatannob E-ror-6oGoom@rn nooiugsono& dlofr Glcniroot s$eno'otJ (Brick jelly concrete) Glonerm@
fi gridlanpani/tgp$ldlcurpnrrn)
2. $langurb #lofi arailooro @6DpEg [Link] / [Link] alldlE (Lean concrete) o$onenrourut Gur@ldlcurgani'.
3. 6lggt6rr e-6r6n atfla1g6gg gt15$g@[q [Link] gaorgflotrooo. .

@gan arryorrLoro uongGlu0qrir Gung (5 g5firur@o1gri;gatGonGur) 6gg Oofrg[$gnoutrooflctr grufrorrfrt

sodl 6l6nE o-ggflggL-gosonr$ gr6tr-5lgd;a* Glcddlonpror. 6tg6ur GrIJGUntotttE olioreoryuSlglrir Glorguqsot
(aSlrflcotraat) oillgdlatpan. gg;r0r-@L6l6ndl dlgonor Slcopouanr$g g6r$6lgu6ft6lr gnofennonqdr
g[15dlgl6nflr allr]upiroooonulrb aroflooLo $lpd;oii' Oeridlanpnn.
ornnGeu 6l6lg*q a.Glg6t Glsoanort Glurflg u6l6gngt-0$gorcoe [Link]$grpumacoonqtb-dlgonon
o-gr$ OuE a1ionoory@Bgu [Link]@$$lu M20/M25 grrt o$onooryulnoU [email protected] gqooro6o Gcurum@6.
$[Link] gnd,!fl6n orb8oon GlaoflGur frigtiiGlanrnn@ $lotourLoct gngt&gonGonGu rooutpulurgl
gqanr-qi$[- GocrfrGrrir. 6tSpd; ono$$otr ofronrory e-6urLilun6lio6n (Concrete Breakers) c$oogullotr
eroflgna6 4lnnL-didlatpan. ori@uonan$ Ogn$lrt g1r-u$$lotr 6rSul-@ot6r grafrGan$prnltogEt Glgoflorron
qflg5tr g4guuoouu5lo$....
C*gEtE grrumooron
900 L6lLf/1000 L6ld e-urrr66l0g
nlguunrooir 250 fifi/ 300 6lLf
e-ur[S6f$g Lou@rb M20lM25
glv& o$onanryrou Glarani'@ tnu*lllt Mt
Cost
glor,rugg1 - rll$ero$$lotr GLoGo
p6n6 ar@rb Gurgt gBg HfiT

' Er$gr-goooon Glolofltu$l$$l &l*tUBilt kl*lHh.,t YttrltCkn

- glggtr-our [Link] CIrgtb tud*elHhfl$

grrmronflrni o-E$lg5r-96
orirSiloeoon$ OgrL-fr ufrponouq
(fillet weld) (150 6l'Lf
e-ur[fi6lp@ u$porort8an)
(g6uun6 eroflgno du+6gl
Ggano:urar rualkomoorut cR0$$ $icTt0tl
Ouponrb.

6f$gt r4flu Ogr$lcir EL-u$nnp - oi@rorour gD6urp6urur e-LGfl,r 6I0E{+ Glcu;il u$l64t uurur Glugofr

26 ciu-fr [Link] mocur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

26. Ocnnofi corgrb ofionanr Etr@E Gcgrflr-$$ldr
orbr-flocoo,/tor$looo gig Oqigogir aflun? uqftgt L66l r-odln?
crebon6 oiuunioqgri g$Gung; a-r-Gontq orgarror-ou8ol (e-E$lgr-gu"l sfrorroq uootb, alliL-niroen,
Enoutreon $lofrpnctr) or-utu@Clcufrporn. @anr-tur-r- $lanrGlolofhou Glcnireotr oi@Gruano
Oonourn@

6lfuq& aartsonro o$anoorJ greufreGonn@ri o$crrory allur-niraGonn@rb $looouotiClanparir.

o Sl&aortooflstr gs,aGorroo Oeruqrbgrnn, arulgrb 9lr@16 Gegrh $lanrnru8ei-r5ilrmq Loullflrog

ClEollfleetreon 6lgu@or6ogg (giuGlouuugignotr 6IEuGltb a1g6o ollflcetoon Shrinkage cracks)
g$lrigd Ggnrie$Ggn@ g$guugdlusl5t d$ltU$gl aarfr glg e-ury$$Sgrir aororyqrb gnonn
Gr.o;furytoouulrir, Oongpfl& Glcnr;GlcnrJuunddl - 50r.6[f + SOrflf gr;oo66l6tE* Glcnirootr [Link] gn6u0fl6ut
Grasr.fp66lg11rb Gon$[Link] gqoira:g G.l wire mesh-rou ooo.r$gt6or-9 eofltunan ooooar (1:3)
Glonrufi@ gcdlcnpanrt. $lgarro[ @rermGt SlooomqLir 6tr-di6lutr got]algt g:oooullotr orllrfleroogi
g@d;6loilpanfr. 6t$g e-3!$runang ori@ranan [Link] / c;LtL [Link]$floonnci
Ogrfla5hiioriuu@& 6lcru$u@$guur-@ o19dlpg1. uo ggoum@aonro.

. 6$ eflunangt gnrurn? oomngtuno $lctrano orcutugt nnirooflan [Link]....Ocniro$ aorlSrb

agsnanq g11@tt Gc6rtr[-g$etr orllflsst Gor@ [Link] $16$gng16, e6r-fkuooo/ Gon$l6u5oo: -
Oerira;flaoufloir grgaroL-u1rb Str-g$lctr unr?$gnrtr -Op@6ooeruno CIEclE allflceieot ailg$$l15uuangt
uniBsonrb. 6gr gr,ir(g 6[buL@ot6n S6uplrntr qrflgGo.

Glcnirootraoflan *196o / crilflorooL-u1ril goutanLo l6lodgoopq. gganreir grlcrur esarooryuSlot

o'lgtiio/crl}flooor-qrir gottmrra gdlo6 $l$g GorEunrlL-nob pnrui uoullrflang ailflcoirorn 6l6u@Slr0tpflrr.
[Link] Glcriroctr sori SGlLoofr- ooaoou Oar06lrm $[Link] / ptnnit196 pflpan (Tensile stress
resisting strength) [Link] (gffrpo{. $lgannglG g&aBoouooo aflfloroor-u1rb Gung r-ouSlfkog aflrflccUoon
6I$u@Slrurp6nr.

o ertugg g@tugt? [Link] e-$$oon mroor?

6lrrg $looournqrir 6tr-66lutr 6l6u$ltb allflcotoomong g@ldio....

a a-r-@6 6N6oEU - ClGloounr- 1 unitg : aomrrumnrbq 2 unirg : Looumob 6 unirg 6ilEg combination
mortar [Link] Oonruri,Glgria Garrno Glatgr - Gegr.6lL-$$loit GlonetrgEu / n&g&,trrtro6rn Gloneuf@
Glp@ti;roodGan@ (Vertical groove) ggggt ailL- Gocum@rir.
a {rrgntl6u0T dlc:lmruurrl oorooruSlsut oil$lggcog 1:5/1:6tiigir upf,lono 1:8 a5ldlg$$lo[ 66uEgl
gq6oooooruSlotr Slgollanrooru3ii gnnirgrb Gleufrooo
Rg C fO n' 3S {ir
$lourgorroo$grufi@oat (Synthetic Fibres, rvr,rxr,,s.i srroneer wartd Rellunce | (dtr,,f
Glass Fibres) - gdlu8uu gqonq6gri Gei'$gr 6rla For
l{'lx!tr,!

Gamno Gleurgnctr 6l6gsoout o5hfleotoot o1$uunootr

f0dbrltsa M c',/ntttffiir//t fiit0.?
pOgi6luon6. Satt lla I gtrb Ft Grld., bl'siltrrrl c&r Hr,
ghot
Wil*i 4{ilflkrrl ttrwtrm. EFlr
LItll I Flr{trE w*ur fiffitift* frHsliihH,
,rr'351 lHalrrLar

$lg$Ooon Ooroflic$angull6tt....

a Reliance Recron'3
Optical Fibres 6mm (From Dugar & Company)
6lcouBdlrutpor. ffi
@mgEEoSb Birla white - Level Plast Glenani,@6 aoi g&eocu gcrunrb. uurooiu@$$lu ungniraGrnan

27 crlrut A-qdunmn oeGu.@ Building Engineers Hand Book

27. $tym'-.ur oi@ronan Gorooorl1g - 6r:[Link] Gopflullulrilr Oungiooi
oafgtunoi uuotu@riig0ul Gomir@rh.
o-rua$ Efl.0n6ur oiur-droooonti ou@atg$g..

1. of;ananry o-ontorgrtqoon q-urft orniloouo (Inner Core Strength)

[Link] $llgBoGoucum@ri.

2. gropgnnirg 6lpg"t* gggg6n uoofroouo aailanLouu@$pfl

Grarbu@$g Goorfi@rb.

3. oi@Lon6ur Go$lu5luretr Glunlgioroonrir uruatu@$g Gorruf@rn... i,

{i)
nmrE Glgnr-fuig oo6lqErg$l o15$lGpnrb .

ori@r-onan Gopf,lu5huot Ounlgr-oot (Construction Chemicals)

oong GlcnoutrmqL-Gan Glulgrbunonan or-@pftoqpdig
frgg@luq$ gflrouriroon (Water Proofing compounds) rnr-@Gra -frt t
flmrano$q 6u(Ddl9g1. 6loog6 gofluoanp, ogflarrop, gtgggor
fr$Ognugaat $lorpdlpgu ururutu@gg Goroufr@rn oroutglrb
h.
OErfl;i$l<5d;Clpgt. 6loogg geflrr Superplasticizer, Water
Reducer, Concrete Accelerating & Retarding Agents,
Bonding Agents, Sealants, Grouts, Corrosion lnhibitors,
Crack filling compounds, Shrinkage Reducer, Repair Products, Protective Coatings, lndustrial floor
Treatments, Tile Adhesives, Micro Concrete nan eroufrcum$p (gnp$rigrb Gra$ur-r-ooar) ori@ronan
Gotpf,lu5Iuotr Glur6ioot c$nngusl5tr ClcoL-tuoogi GlulgriunGont' grgfl$$l<grioallotnno; gqolfranpu
uuanu@$gqrb gu6orb onri@Clpnfroon. $larpoop ofl$ucoan Glerirqd lssgdr Grofruir- gofhunft
$lEoranriroat 6l<g5gng6- $tcupdlut, arll$uooar Guononryno $lgtuarrtoafr uolgrir Gorpflu5ludr 51cop
enrtSgorrtocnno (Chemistry graduates) @qgtugnggrn oi@mncrr GunSlulhuoi uiu octroll
Ougngorrtoonnsqrb Sctronooraunotr Slgogrilgrir.6loouGru Gluflur $laor-Glorafl @6uueog pnnioat arigdi
enrigqonGrnnrb. ornnGat Slu6lun6on updlur urytqoory -gqooanorgrir qfl$E;Oonof@ ooouCIgr*grir
$lanodgdi Gllonoufi GlarrrrluL-afldcoo.
nniroofl-rb oit-t- ogoo'or-otq arnnryuudroot GluErdlourp ou@prtoqgtiig - allung Glgnr-rf$g
eSoran[u5l5t Superplasticizer, !}ria Goranou5lctr Shrinkage Reducer, o$lornnp, gof[uorop/
Glunianrurg, Glgnrigolqg$g IWP compounds, olfionoxJoou: $lanour$$lu Bonding Agents,
grunrruufrr$
Gcgraanu$g ot-r-lriooflctl Corrosion lnhibitor, Micro Concrete @olitoopGlurotronrb oruoigriunou
urunnu@$g Gocufi@rb ncufE Glgoflorno allon&61 araSlqEr$$ ogClGgrnrb. gryglorr--u on5lcoo r.6119
Sangrori ugu.r6 e-gru o$onanryBg Superplasticiser r.6lor.6lo$ Ggooar omtugt (for better workability,
honeycomb free, high strength dense concrete) @ang,i 90o ou@grtoqgdrgrb ou@r-onnnri
[Link]€Drigrb, argaror-otunonrioon & o[r.-L-6 eroolgiolggsgrir GlEflurnmGo SlgtuEr 6lg6g
eu@pggoutEGru g[nfkiClpg. g$lturo ori@rorfl,r Go$[Link] Glurqgrioanon eganguu@3ig6 $lEoanniraot
- 6t"ig,b u-@gonad oo:and O"etg6l - [Link] onrir$g [Link] oi@r-onant [Link]
6lur6lEg uryriqoory Glorirpflr- Goonn@rb. g6grooL-ur uurmiunig$ore grd;6lu ori@unan Gorgflu5lu:otr
Glunlgioon, ogSono orniGo [Link]@$g Go:ofr@rir, c$anguSlgrnon glgglaDLul Brand name
grgnSlurou$eop u&oril 201 tft piigi6irc6rmi. oranGru er@unour Go$lulluoil Glun6r-oofkot
uuodrun@ Sflorour otoflenounom our--urdreqgd;g glourdlur6uturrng Ggooar erouiurog e-arrri$g g[o$finprii
or]-r-nirsoflotr uuanu@$pfir- Lf6mrG;lri' d6uftGl6 CIorllqggEdlGpnrb.

28 crlr-uir [Link]' n6GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

28. ggruflqtq oflDooi ori@rirGurg ftOCIt.i oorflcil Srioonir. cfiurn?

[Link] @guSlt5uq of@oat

ol@rbGurgl e:fl6ol0un6mioon uolgrir + 1,651 1.8t m

60Er+ oort ariu - Glcalq goop5g k{t

Z30x150
#ld;onnronrmofranpGu.r Ggr?gQg@rijo
oilgrbqdlonpomf. 6tfg* epEt{+
1S mm &ick Prscasl eolid
aolfrGeuano tgr*ull@uq oncrc$ hlo* rnasoruryin
OT,, ;4
ou@ronan$$lotr oool6l Gorano. ll

gglbgi6n gsnr oiut- Glcoq taleio

ro$ltLfi@ri Gleororu alh- r-6loqrir

orClSlu$@tiig6. qgfltuna sEcnoil {q,tjiltr

{rflDuru5u6utp - Lflo[il cnganriroot
mm tii* k€cetsdld
e-6n gqonironry arcmrouni g&aoot
sunb t&* r*mrry
mpUG oryGo$ucop [Link] - h cn 1:{
GRIDE BEAT
ro$lur-fi@ri Glcooronfh- $troud'Gt / + 0.00 EGt aff:n0 + 0.00 EGI
qgtmtg [Link]-nig a*@gono
ggdlu5lgrig6. orurGru cooullet

$\gtuang oro$g& e$Ein earoryd

orir- Gorouurgu5l66g6.
gyofolig 6rnirc@0Lur qirgr
3 rra UrCc
oqomufqoori

1. g[gu06rD6n Lorufi oofluocdounna

@15Sgnft, 2O0rfld (8") ailir-glanL-u.r

/ Z.1O6tt-lr €SgUnDLur
2.4Or-fiL-rl
gg0u15g5 tEgEtE gnof
(Single Under Reamed Pile)
ggg56n6 3.60d 4.501f

$lanr-Glouaflu5lotr Gunr@ t2.5 cno$ sEcrrofl

r-llnnruoruq al[]r-rb fY*
(Grade beam at Ground level) lrascrtr4-Jl
IJ
Glonrufi @ Slooorarda Gorrm@rir.
nr
ggfrg GLoGo 1650L6lLf / 1800161d

(5'6" to 6'0") e-rurygipfldgt 10061d (4") oo'orgloor-u.r grcuiarnf$g Glorigri ennirdlfr- 400 x 200 x lO0r-6[-f
oi@ennond (Precast Solid Concrete Block Masony in CM 1:4 in between RC Columns placed at
4.5m c/c) Glonoum@ sort rrlgtuonrb. 6tg$g $&6 Gormro (Plastering) GgooouSlctrano.
Slcor-ri;Gon@ g[g$gnGo Gungrunorgl.

r ciur-ir Oqdurmf rcGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

2. glgt-o6ln6ur u6uur ltr.
anr
ls
GloL-g3i gnnryuro (Hard

strata) $lt5tignut
ITII
a--bd
granarnf$p onni4lfi ,5:-

groufioon
II' .li

6'0" $loor-Oooflu5loil III

6lors6l $lrofrr-g ggprir III
gtgEE6tr6
(lsolated Footing-
III IIIIII
L,fnrt
.-ta

450x450x150mm) r, ". .,

-I
o {Ut

gflul&@ Gr-oglonon
g
5'6'/6"0' o-urry$ang

256lLf 66iur(y6oLur

goit6lonourE6
300L6lLf erufr(g6tDlur
grnnonfi$g ornidlrfi
uosdmorn 6O
grnannoqg6rg $ooL-Gru s&.&$e&.3a
Glrngdl 6lun15$$l F=-
frr- J
g4coudsonrb. $tgptg6 gourCIEggl
'
M1O grrs orril$lrfrlrorGuln
;s
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+11i
:'*1r.., !

M15 grr{i, onnidlfrloor-Gurr 4;; tl

6l
uurcutu@$pfih- grmriornitunonoo[B

Gor@ti Gloncun@ gpggflur I,,*'*'":]

alloooanur& Gton@&o GoldGlrb.

@cironoflgan M5 / M7.5 gt {ii

snnirdlfisrr-t uurcutu@3frg1orfr.
glfinor amlloLouno o [Link]
$llgriang. ungunturnngno
%"l.

flgrgdl{i orgefl@ornfiocn. pu:6er-6lon$lt uurcutu@$9orrb.

l0 [Link] q{dtutrdrii naGu@ Buitding Engineers Hand Book

 orrporororiq ordlCpengloeir roEUrb
o[Polololiq @rl:l6u@)6Erooir

Extracts from IS:456-2000 &

Design Tables

I
E
7
6
@ { g45

[Link] Otdunrfr o60u.O Building Engineers Hand Book

ET
Table 2 Grades of Concrete
(Clause 6.L,9.2.2, 15.1.1 and 36.1 )

Group Grade Characteristic Group Grade Characteristic

Designation Compressive Designation Compressive
Strength Strength
N/mm2 N/mm2
M10 10 50
Ordinary M50
Concrete Standard
M15 15 Concrete 55
M55

M20 20 M60 60

M25 25 M65 65

Standard High
Concrete M30 30 M70 70
Strength
Concrete
M35 35 M75 75

M40 40 M80 80

M45 45

NOTES

1. In the designation of concrete mix M refers to the mix and the number to the
specified compressive strength of 150 mm size cube at 28 days, expressed in N/mm2

2. For concrete of compressive strength greater than M 55, design parameters given in
the standard may not be applicable and the values may be obtained from specialized
literatures and experimental results.

3L orl-ut Orrdurnmrt ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Tabte 5 Minimum Cement Content, Maximum Water-Cement Ratio and
Minimum Grade of Concrete for Different Exposures with Normal Weight
Aggregates of 2O mm Nominal Maximum Size
(Clauses 6. L .2, A.2.4.1 and 9. 1 2)

Plain Concrete Reinforced Concrete

[Link] Exposure Minimum Maximum Minimum Minimum Maximum Minimum
Cement Free Grade of Cement Free Grade of
Content water Concrete Content water Concrete
kg/m3 cement kglms cement
Ratio Ratio

i) 300 0.5s M20

Mild 220 0.60

ii) M15 300 0.50 M25

Moderate 240 0.60

iii)
250 0.50 M20 320 0.45 M30
Severe

iv) Very severe 260 0.45 M20 340 0.45 M35

v) 280 M25 360 0.40 M40

Extreme
0.40

NOTES

1. Cement content prescribed in thin table is irrespective of the grades of cement and
it is inclusive of additions mentioned in 5.2. The additions such as fly ash or ground
granulated blast furnace slag may be taken into account in the concrete composition
with respect to the cement content and water-cement ratio if the suitability is

established and as long as the maximum amounts taken into account do not excetd
the limit of pozzolona and slag specified in IS 1489 (Pat I) and IS 455 respectively. r.
# '-r:

2. Minimum grade for plain concrete under mild exposure condition is not specified. .nfip
,ii,

32 orluut [Link] oEGurO Building Engineers Hand Book

11 .3 Stripping Time
Type of Form work Minimum Period Before
Striking Formwork

a) Vertical formwork to columns,

walls, beams t6-24 h

b) Soffit formwork to slabs (Props to be refixed

immediately after removal of form work) 3 days

c) Soffit formwork to beams (Props to be refixed

7 days
immediately after removal of formwork)

d) Props to slabs:
7 days
1) Spanning up to 4.5 m
14 days
2) Spanning over 4.5 m

e) Props to beams and arches:

14 days
1) Spanning up to 6 m
21 days
2) Spanning over 6 m

15.2 Frequency of Sampling

15.2. I Sampling Procedure
A random sampling procedure shall be adopted to ensure that each concrete batch shall
have a reasonable chance of being tested that is, the sampling should be spread over
the entire period of concreting and cover all mixing units.

33 orir-ut Orrflrunonir ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

L5.2.2 Frequency
The minimum frequency of sampling of concrete of each grade shall be in accordance
with the following:

Quantity of Number of Samples

Concrete in the
Work, m

1-5 1

6- 1s 2

16-30 3

31-50 4

4 plus one additional sample for each

51 and above additional 50 m' or part thereof

NOTE
-At least one sample shall be taken from each shift, Where concrete is produced
at continuous production unit, such as ready-mixed concrete plant, frequency of
sampling may be agreed upon mutually by suppliers and purchasers.

Table 12 Bending Moment Coefficients

(Clause 22.5.L)

Type of Load Span Moments Support Moments

Near Middle At Middle of At support At other

of End Span Interior Span Next to the Interior
End suppod supports
Dead Load &
Imposed Load + ULz +Ut6 -ut0 -t/72
(fixed)
Imposed load (not -ue
+ 7/LO +UL2 -L/e
fixed)
Note : For obtaining the bending moment, the coefficient shall be multiplied by the total
design load & effective span

r orluui Gfurfurnmri oocur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Table 13 Shear Coefficients
(Clauses 22.5.t and 22.5.2)

At support Next to the End At a!! other

Type of Load At End support Interior
Support supports

outer side inner side

Dead Load & Imposed

0.4 0.6 0.55 0.5
Load (fixed)
Imposed load (not
0.45 0.6 0.6 0.6
fixed)
Note : For obtaining the shear force, the coefficient shall be multiplied by the total design load

23.L.2 Effective Width of Flange

In the absence of more accurate determination, the effective width of flange may be
taken as the following

(o) (b)

(cl

Fig,2 TYPICAL SUPPORT CONDITIONS FOR LOCATING FACTORED SHEAR FORCE

but in no case greater than the breadth of the web plus half the sum of the clear
distances to the adjacent beams on either side.

a) ForT-beams, br= lo76+ b*+ 6 Dr

b) For L-beams, br = lo /12 + bw + 3 Dr
c) For isolated beams, the effective flange width shall be obtained as below but in no
case greater than the actual width:

35 e[r-r-t O4frurmir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

T-beam, = lo / Klo/b) + q) * b*
br

L- beam, br = 0.5 lo / Klo/b) + 4) * b*

where

br = effective width of flange

lo = distance between points of zero moments in the beam
b* = breadth of the web
Dr= thickness of flange and
b = actual width of the flange
Note: For continuous beam frames, ' ls' may b€ assumed as O.7times of the effective
span.

23.2 Control of Deflection

The deflection of a structure or part thereof shall not adversely affect the appearance or
efficiency of the structure or finishes or partitions. The deflection shall generally be
limited to the following:

a) The final deflection due to all loads including the effects of temperature, creep and
shrinkage and measured from the as-cast level of the supports of floors, roofs and all
other horizontal members, should not normally exceed span/250.

b) The deflection including the effects of temperature, creep and shrinkage occurring
after erection of partitions and the application of finishes should not normally exceed
span / 350 or 20 mm whichever is less.

23.2.L The vertical deflection limits may. generally be assumed to be satisfied provided
that the span to depth ratios are not greater than th e values obtained as below:

a) Basic values of span to effective depth ratios for spans up to 1O m:

Cantilever 7
Simply supported 20
Continuous 26

b) For spans above 10 m, the values in (a) may be multiplied by 1O/span in metres,
except for cantilever in which case deflection calculations should be made.

c) Depending on the area and the stress of steel for tension reinforcement, the values
in (a) or (b) shall be modified by multiplying with the modification factor obtained as
per Fig. 4.

36 orluut Gl-rdu-rrcmir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 d) Depending on the area of compression reinforcement, the value of span to depth
ratio be further modified by multiplying with the modification factor obtained as per
Fig. 5.

26.2.L.1Design bond stress in limit state method for plain bars in tension shall
be as below

Grade of concrete M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 &

above
Design bond stress
( oo, N/mm2 t.2 L,4 1.5 7.7 1.9

Table 15 Clear Distance Between Bars

(Clause 26.3.3)

lv Percentage Redistribution to or from section considered

-30 -15 0 +15 +30
Clear Distance Between Bars
N/mm2 mm mm mm mm mm
250 275 260 300 300 300
475 725 155 180 270 235
500 105 130 150 L75 195
Note: The spacings given in the table are not applicable to members subjected to
particularly aggressive environments unless in the calculation of the moment of resistance,
fy has been limited to 300 N/mm2 in the limit state design and o,, limited to 165 N/mm2 in
working stress design.

Table 16 Nominal cover to Meet Durability Requirements (clause 26.4.2)

Exposure Nominal Concrete Cover

in mm not Less Than
Mitd 20
Moderate 30
Severe 45
Very Severe 50
Extreme 75
NOTES
1. For main reinforcement up to 12 mm 2. Unless specified otherwise, actual
diameter bar for mild exposure the nominal concrete cover should not deviate from the
cover may be reduced by 5 mm. required nominal cover by +10 mm.

3. For exposure condition 'severe' and 'very

severe', reduction of 5 mm may be made,
where concrete grade is M35 and above

r otur-t [Link] 06GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

[Link] Side face reinforcement

Where the depth of the web in a beam exceeds 750 mm, side face reinforcement shall
be provided along the two faces. The total area of such reinforcement shall be not less
than 0.1 percent of the web area and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a

spacing not exceeding 300 mm or web thickness whichever is less.

26.5.3 Columns
26.5.3. 1 Longitudinal Reinforcement

a) The cross-sectional area of longitudinal reinforcement, shall be not less than 0.8
percent nor more than 6 percent of the gross cross- sectional area of the column.

Note: The use of 6 percent reinforcement may involve practical difficulties in placing
and compacting of concrete; hence lower percentage is recommended. Where bars from
the columns below have to be lapped with those in the column under consideration, the
percentage of steel shall usually not exceed 4 percent.

b) In any column that has a larger cross-sectional area than that required to support
the load, the minimum percentage of steel shall be based upon the area of concrete
required to resist the direct stress and not upon the actual area.

c) The minimum number of longiludinal bars provided in a column shall be four in

rectangular columns and six in circular columns.

d) The bars shall not be less than 12 mm in diameter

e) A reinforced concrete column having helical reinforcement shall have at least six bars
of longitudinal reinforcement within the helical reinforcement .

38 oir-r-t Glnflurmti ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

32.5 Minimum Requirements for Reinforcement in Walls

The reinforcement for walls shall be provided as below:

a) the minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement to gross concrete area shall be

1) 0.0012 for deformed bars not larger than 16 mm in diameter and with a
characteristic strength of 415 N/mm2 or greater.
2) 0.0015 for other types of bars.
3) 0,0012 for welded wire fabric not larger than 16 mm in diameter.

b) Vertical reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than three times the wall
thickness nor 450 mm.

c) The minimum ratio of horizontal reinforcement to gross concrete area shall be:

1) 0.002 for deformed bars not larger than 16 mm in diameter and with a
characteristic strength of 415 N/mm2 or greater.

2) 0.002 5 for other types of bars

3) 0.002 for welded wire fabric not larger than 16 mm in diameter.

d) Horizontal reinforcement shall be spaced not farther apart than three times the wall
thickness nor 450 mm.

NOTE - The minimum reinforcement may not always be sufficient to provide adequate
resistance to the effects of shrinkage and temperature.

39 eir-ut Glrrflurncnri ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Staircase Design Tables:
[Link] [Link]

MAIN REBARS D!STRIBUTORS MAIN REBARS DISTRIBUTORS

2.40 115 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

3.00 125 8mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

3.50 125 8mm @ 125mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

4.00 135 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 10mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 250mm c/c

4.50 150 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

5.00 175 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

5.50 175 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

6.00 200 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 230mm c/c

6.s0 200 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c

7.00 230 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 12mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c

[Link]\DE [Link]

MAIN REBARS DISTRIBUTORS MAIN REBARS DISTR!BUTORS

2.40 115 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

3.00 125 8mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

3.50 125 8mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

4.00 135 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 10mm @ 125mmclc 8mm @ 250mm c/c

4.50 150 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

5.00 175 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

5.50 175 12mm @ 'l50mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c

6.00 200 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 230mm c/c

6.50 200 12mm @ 'l25mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c

7.00 230 12mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 200mm c/c

40 orl-ri Onrfurnonir oeGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 [Link] GRADE FE5OO

MAIN REBARS DISTRIBUTORS MAIN REBARS DISTRIBUTORS

2.40 115 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
3.00 125 8mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
3.50 125 8mm @ 125mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
4.00 135 8mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 10mm @ 125mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
4.50 150 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
5.00 175 12mm @ 200mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
5.s0 175 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm clc 12mm @ 150mm c/c 8mm @ 250mm c/c
6.00 200 12mm @ 180mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 125mmclc 8mm @ 230mm c/c
6.50 200 12mm @ 'l25mm c/c 8mm @ 230mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 230mm c/c

7.00 230 12mm @ 100mm c/c 8mm @ 200mm c/c 12mm @ 125mm clc 8mm @ 200mm c/c

Table l8 Values of Partial Safety Factor yr for Loads

(clause 18.2.3.L, 36.4.1 and B-4.3)

Load Limit state of Collapse Limit States of Serviceability

Combination
DL IL WL DL IL WL
DL+IL

1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0

DL+WL 1.5 or 1.5 1.0 1.0

DL+IL+WL 0.s (1)

L,2 1.0 0.8 0.8

Notes:
1. While considering eafthquake effects, substitute EL for WL
2. For the limit states of serviceability, the values of y6 given in this table are applicable for
short term effects. While assessing the long term effects due to creep the dead load and
that part of the live load likely to be permanent may only be considered.

(1) fhls value is to be considered when stability against overturning or stress reversal is
critical.

r oiur-t [Link] oEGurO Building Engineers Hand Book

39.7 Slender Compression Members

The design of slender compression members (see 25.1.1) shall be based on the forces
and the moments determined from an analysis of the structure, including the effect of
deflections on moments and forces. When the effect of deflections are not taken into
account in the analysis,, additional moment given in 39.7.1 shall be taken into account
in the appropriate direction.

39.7.1 The additional moments Mu, and Mu, shall be calculated by the following
formulae:

Ma, = PuDI2OOO (lex/D)2

May = P,b/2ooo (levlD)2

Where,

Pu = dxial load on the member,

le, = €ffective length in respect of the major axis,
l"v = €ffective length in respect of the minor axis,
D = depth of cross-section at right angles to the major axis and
b = width of the member

NOTES

1. A column may be considered braced in a given plane if lateral stability to the

structure as a whole is provided by walls or bracing or buttressing designed to resist all
lateral forces in that plane. It should otherwise be considered as unbraced.

2. In the case of a braced column without any transverse loads occurring in its height,
the additional moment shall be added to an initial moment equal to sum of 0.4 Mgl ord
0.6 Mrz where M,2 is the larger end moment and Mr1 is the smaller end moment
(assumed negative if the column is bent in double curvature). In no case shall the initial
moment be less than 0.4 Mu2 ooF the total moment including the initial moment be less
than Mr2. For unbraced columns, the additional moment shall be added to the end
moments.

3. Unbraced compression me m bars, at any given level or storey, subject to lateral

load are usually constrained to deflect equally. In such cases slenderness ratio for each
column may be taken as the average for all columns acting in the same direction.

42 orlur-t [Link] ooGuJO Building Engineers Hand Book

 [Link] The values given by equation39.7.1 may be multiplied by the following factor:

k =( P,. -P") I (P,,- Pu) < 1.

where,

P, = Axial load on compression member,

Pu.= ds defined in 39.6 and
Po = dxial load corresponding to the condition of maximum compressive strain of 0.0035
in concrete and tensile strain of 0.002 in outer most layer of tension steel.

Table 19 Design Shear Strength of Concrete , G, N/mm2

(clause 40.2.!, 40.2.2, 40.3, 40.4, 40.5.3, 47.3.2,41.3.3 and 41.4.3)

1OO A"/ bd Concrete Grade

M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 &
above
< 0.15 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.30
0.25 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 o.37 0.38
0.50 0.46 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.51
0.7s 0.54 0.56 o.57 0.59 0.59 0.60
1.00 0.60 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.68
1.25 0.64 0.67 0.70 0.77 0.73 0.74
1.50 0.68 0.72 0.74 o.76 0.78 0.79
7.75 o.7L 0.7s o.7B 0.80 0.82 0.84
2.00 0.77 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 [Link]
2.25 0.7L 0.81 0.8s [Link] 0.90 0.92
2.50 o.7t 0.82 [Link] 0.91 0.93 0.9s
2.75 0.77 0.82 0.90 0.94 0.96 0.98
3.00 &
above o.7t 0.82 0.92 0.96 0.99 1.01

NOTE: The term A. is the area of longitudinal tension reinforcement which continue at
least one effective depth beyond the section being considered except at support
where the full area of tension reinforcement may be used provided the detailing
conforms to 26.2.2 and 26.2.3.

Table 2O Maximum Shear Stress, G -",, N/mm2

(Clauses 40.2.3, 40.2.3.L, 40.5.7, 4L.3.L)

Concrete M15 M20 M25 M30 M35 M40 &

Grade above
4 max, 2.5 2.8 3.1 3.5 3.7 4.0
N/mm2

r orlr-ut [Link] m6Grr(D Building Engineers Hand Book

Table 21 Permissible Stresses in Concrete
(Clauses B-1.3,B-2.1,8-2.L.2, B-2.3 and B-4.2)

Allvatues in N/mm2 NOTES

Permissible Stress Permissible Stress 1. The value of

Grade of in Compression in Bond (Average) permissible shear
Concrete Bending Direct for Plain Bars in stress in concrete are
Tension given in Table 23.
Ocbc occ oua
M10 3,0 2.5 2. The bond stress in
M15 5.0 4.O 0.6 col.4 shall be
M20 7.0 5.0 0.8 increased by 25
M25 8.5 6.0 0.9 percent for bars in
10.0 8.0 1.0 compression
M30
M35 11.5 9.0 1.1
M40 13.0 10.0 t.2
M45 74.5 11.0 1.3
M50 16.0 t2.o 7.4

Table 27 Bending Moment Coefficients for Slabs Spanning in Two Directions at Right
Angles, Simply Supported on Four Sides.
(Clause D-2.1)

lY/l* 1.0 1.1 1..2 1.3 7.4 1.5 L.75 2.0 2.5 3.0
dx 0.062 0.o74 0.084 0.093 0.099 0.104 0.1 13 0.1 18 o.L22 o.t24
qy 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.055 0.051 0.046 0.037 0.029 0.020 0.014

44 orlur-t Glurflurncnfr ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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46 orluui Q-rnfurrcmrt dDcCurO Building Engineers Hand Book

 COLUMN CARRYING CAPACITY

Load carrying Capacity of Columns ("P "Loads in KN )

P= (?.rc05xp+8)bdrt500 il20 Grade of Concrete & Fe 415 TMT bars
Column siz€
in mm Percentage ot Sleel Reinforce$enU Loa{, canying Capacity

b d 0.80 r.00 1.25 r.50 r.75 2"00 2.8 2.50 ?.75 3.m 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
230 2n 358 3n 401 425 4{9 473 496 520 y4 588 (o,) &15 bJc 663
?30 300 407 492 523 554 616 6{8 679 710 741 772 803 834 865
230 400 623 656 698 739 781 822 863 905 s46 s88 10?9 1070 11't2 1153
230 450 701 738 785 832 878 935 971 1018 1064 1111 1 138 1204 12$1 1:97
230 600 s5 984 1047 1 109 1171 1233 1295 1357 14't9 't481 1 543 16ffi 1668 1730
230 7g 1168 'txl 't308 1386 1463 1541 1619 1636 1774 18S2 'ts2g 2007 2085 2182
230 900 1402 't477 1570 1863 1756 18{9 1S43 21?9 222 231 5 24W 2502 ?qoq
230 10m 1558 16{'l 1744 1848 1951 2055 2158 ?t6? zJo) 2/t69 2572 m76 2775 2883
230 1200 1870 1968 2093 n17 23/.2 2466 25S 2714 2838 2983 3087 4at a
3335 3460
230 1500 7i37 2461 2616 2772 ')t)7 308? 3238 3393 3548 3703 3859 4014 4169 4324
300 300 610 64? 683 723 7A 804 84S 88$ 946 966 't007 1047 1088 1128
300 400 813 856 910 s{ 1018 1072 1126 1 180 1234 1288 1342 1396 1450 1504
3@ 450 914 963 1024 1085 1 145 12m I 267 1328 1388 1449 1510 1571 'r631 1692
300 600 1219 1284 1365 1446 1527 1608 1689 1V70 1851 1982 2013 2094 2'175 2256
300 750 1524 1605 1706 1808 '1909 2010 21'.11 2213 xl4 2415 1510 2&18 ?719 2820
300 w 1829 1946 2048 2169 ,)a1 aAaa 2534 ?655 2777 2898 3020 3141 3263 3384
300 1W ?0.32 ?140 2275 2410 2545 2680 2815 2S50 3085 340 3355 3{m 3625 3760
400 4m 1084 1 1{1 1213 1285 1 357 1429 1501 1573 1645 1717 1?Q0 1ES? 1934 m06
400 450 1219 1284 1365 1446 1 5?7 1608 1S89 1774 1851 1S2 201 3 2094 2173 2256
400 600 1626 1712 1820 1928 2036 2t44 ?7t52 ?36S 2{68 2576 2684 2792 29m 3008
400 750 man 2140 2??5 ?410 2545 2680 2815 2950 3085 3220 335$ 3490 3625 3760
400 s0 2438 2568 27W 2892 3054 3216 3378 3540 3702 3864 4026 4188 {350 4512
400 1offi 27A9 28S3 3034 3214 3394 3574 3754 3334 {'.t't4 {294 447d 4654 4834 5014
450 450 1372 1445 153S 1617 1718 1809 1W 1991 2083 ?174 226$ 2356 2447 2538
450 6m 1829 1946 2048 2169 2291 ?41? 2534 265S n77 2898 3020 314'r 3263 3384
450 750 D&8 2408 2560 2711 2863 301 $ 3167 3319 x471 [Link] aaat 3927 4079 4230
450 9m 2743 2889 3071 325{ 3436 3618 380r 3983 4165 43/7 4530 4712 4894 i077
500 1693 1 783 1896 2m8 2121 2234 2346 ?45& 2571 t68{ 2796 2909 3A21 3134
600 600 2438 2568 2730 ?89? 3&tl 3216 3378 3540 3702 3864 4026 4188 43$0 4512
600 750 3048 3210 3413 3615 3818 4A?! 4223 4{t5 {628 4830 s33 5236 5438 5641
600 W 3658 3852 4095 4338 4581 4824 5067 5310 5553 5797 60{0 6283 6$26 6769
750 750 3810 4013 4266 4519 4n2 50?5 5?79 $532 578$ 0038 6291 6544 6798 7051
750 m 4572 4815 51 19 s{x 572? 6030 6334 6038 re42 7246 7549 78t3 81$7 8461
s00 s00 5487 5n8 6143 6507 ffi72 7737 7S0' 7S6 8330 8S5 9059 9424 9789 10153

47 oir-r-[r Olrflunonir oocur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Load carrying Gapacity of Columns ("P "Loads in KN )
p:12.6800xp+10rbrt t500 [Link] concre&e E Fe415TMT bam

Column size Per€enuge of $tsel Relnforcemenu Load carrylng Capaclty

ln mm
b d 0.80 r.00 ,t.20 1"50 t"?5 2.00 2.25 [Link] ?75 3.00 3.25 3.S0 175 4.00

ZN 230 428 &7 471 494 518 542 565 589 813 63$ 660 684 707 131

230 300 Aqo 583 614 645 676 7W 737 768 799 830 861 892 v)2 953

7* 400 745 778 slg 860 901 942 983 1024 1065 1 107 1 148 1180 1230 1271

7X 450 838 875 931 s67 1014 'ts0 1106 1 152 11SO 1245 12S1 1337 1384 't430

230 800 1117 1167 1n8 1290 1352 1413 1475 153? 1598 10s 1721 1783 1845 1908

7* 750 1397 1458 1535 1S12 1680 1787 1844 1921 'rs8 2o75 2152 ???9 2306 2383

z& 900 1676 1750 1842 1935 frn 21?o 2212 2305 2397 24S w2 fr75 2787 2860

m 1000 18E2 19{.1 m7 2150 ?253 2S5 2458 2561 26$4 2706 2869 ?972 3075 31n

?30 1200 2235 ?333 2457 2580 TIots 28C6 2t50 3073 3190 3320 u43 35S 3890 3813

15S 2791 2917 3071 3?2:3 3379 3633 3€87 3841 3Sg5 4150 4304 4458 4A12 4766
230

3m 3m 7X 761 801 841 881 92? 9d2 1ffiz 1042 1082 11?3 116 1203 1243

300 400 97? 101t| 1S8 1122 1'l?5 1m 1Ntz 1336 13SO 1443 1497 1551 1604 1058

300 450 109S 114'l 1?f,2 1?s.2 fin 1382 'r443 1503 1563 1624 1084 1744 1805 1865

300 b(.FJ 1457 152? 1m2 1682 1763 1843 1y)4 m4 2085 2185 7245 73?f 2406 w7
300 750 1822 1902 2m3 2108 au 2304 ?{05 256 2606 2706 2807 2S07 300s 3108

300 900 2't88 u.82 2{m 2324 2044 27ffi 2886 3006 3127 3247 3308 3it8g sm 3730

3& 10m 24?9 2$36 2670 2804 438 w2 3m 3340 u74 36m 3742 3876 4010 41M

400 400 1295 1353 1424 1496 1567 1Sg 1710 1 781 1853 1924 1996 ffil 2139 n1c
400 450 1457 1572 't002 1682 1783 1&13 1924 2m4 2085 2165 v245 23X 24c6 2487

400 600 1S43 :029 2136 n43 2351 2458 2565 2672 2779 2W7 2Sg4 3101 3208 3316

4m 750 2429 2536 2670 2804 2938 w72 3X6 33M 3474 3008 3742 3876 4010 4144

400 9m 2915 3043 3204 3365 3526 3687 wl 4m8 4189 4330 4{91 4652 4812 &73

4S 1000 3239 3381 3560 3739 3918 4096 4275 4454 {s32 4811 4990 5168 5347 5626

450 450 1639 1712 1802 1893 1983 N4 21&4 n53 ?345 24% 252f, 2?t17 2707 2757

450 600 2186 x82 2{03 2524 ?s,44 2745 2886 3ffi 3127 3247 3368 348S 3609 3730

450 750 2732 2853 3m4 3155 3305 3456 3607 3758 3900 4059 4210 4361 4512
'1882
450 900 3279 y,24 360S 3786 3967 4147 43,'8 4509 4{'90 4871 5052 5233 5414 5695

5@ 500 2424 2113 7?2'5 7337 2448 2560 2872 2V84 ?895 s07 31 19 3230 3342 3454

5m 2915 3043 3204 3365 36tr 3S7 38/.7 4m8 4169 4330 4491 405t 4612 &73
6m 750 3643 3804 4ffi 4ffi &07 4608 4809 m10 $211 5412 5613 5815 6016 6217

600 900 4372 4565 4& s47 5?89 s530 5n1 6012 8254 6495 6736 nls 74S0

750 750 4554 4?$5 5008 5?58 5609 5760 6012 6263 85r4 6766 7817 7268 7519 n71
751S 7817 8119 8420 87?l2 g023 s25
750 900 5465 s706 0m8 6309 m11 6912 72J.4

800 900 6558 6847 7S9 7571 7S33 8ffi 867 9019 9381 974? 10't04 10466 't0828 I 11gO

48 oiur-t Gunflurncnir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Load carrying Capacity of Columns ("P "Loads in KN )

P = (2.6605xp+12)bdl1500 M30 Grade of Concrete & Fe 415 TMT barc

Column size
Percentage of Steel Reinforcement/ Load carrying Capacity
in mm
b d 0.80 1.00 1.25 1,50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.s0 2,75 3.00 3.2s 3.s0 3.75 4.00

230 230 498 517 540 564 587 611 634 658 681 705 728 752 775 799

230 300 650 674 705 736 766 797 827 858 889 919 9s0 980 1011 1042

230 450 97s 1012 1057 1103 1149 1195 t24t 1287 1333 1379 1425 t47t 1516 1562

230 600 1300 1349 1410 L47t 1532 1594 1655 1716 1777 1838 1899 1961 2022 2083

230 75A 1625 1686 1762 1839 1915 1992 2068 2145 222t 2298 2374 2451 2527 2604

230 900 1950 2423 21 15 2247 2299 2390 2482 2574 2666 2757 2849 2947 3033 3125

230 1000 2166 2248 2350 2452 2554 2656 2758 2860 2962 3064 3166 3268 3370 3472

na 1200 2600 2698 2824 2942 3065 3187 3309 3432 3554 3677 3799 3921 4444 4166

230 1500 3250 3372 3525 3678 3831 3984 4t37 4290 4443 4596 4749 4902 5055 5208

300 300 848 880 920 959 999 1039 1079 1119 1 159 1 199 1239 1279 1319 1359

300 450 t272 1319 t379 1439 1499 1559 1619 1679 1738 1798 1858 1918 1978 2038

300 600 1695 1759 1839 1919 1999 2079 2158 2238 2318 2398 2478 2557 2637 2717

300 750 2119 2199 2299 2399 2498 2598 2698 2798 2897 2997 3097 3797 3297 3396

300 900 2543 2639 2759 2878 2998 3118 3238 3357 3477 3597 3716 3836 3956 4476

300 1000 2826 2932 3065 3198 3331 3464 3597 3730 3863 3996 4t29 4262 4395 4528

400 600 226t 2346 245? 2559 266s 277t 2878 2984 3091 3t97 3303 3410 3516 3623

400 750 2825 2932 3065 3198 3331 3464 3597 3734 3863 3996 4129 4262 4395 4528

400 1000 3768 3909 4087 4264 4442 4619 4796 4974 5151 5328 5506 5683 5861 6038

450 450 L9A7 1979 2069 2159 2249 2338 2428 2518 2608 2698 2787 2877 2967 3057
450 600 2543 2639 2759 2878 2998 31 18 3238 3357 3477 3597 3716 3836 3956 4076
450 750 3779 3299 3448 3598 3748 3897 4447 4197 4346 4496 4645 4795 4945 5094
450 900 3815 3958 4138 4318 4497 4677 4856 5036 5215 5395 s575 5754 5934 61 13
600 600 3391 3519 3678 3838 3997 4t57 4317 4476 4636 4796 4955 5115 5274 5434
600 750 4239 4398 4598 4797 4997 5196 5396 5595 5795 5994 6194 6394 6593 6793
600 900 5086 5278 5517 5757 5996 6236 6475 6714 6954 7t93 7433 7672 7912 8151
7s0 750 5298 5498 5747 5997 6246 6495 6745 6994 7244 7493 7742 7992 8241 8491
750 900 6358 6597 5897 7t96 7495 1794 8094 8393 8692 8992 9291 9590 9890 10189

900 900 7629 7917 8276 8635 8994 9353 9713 t0472 10431 10790 11149 1 1508 1 1868 t2227

49 oiuut Orrdunrnri oeGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Load can''ying Capacity of Columns ("P "Loads in l(l{ )

p = (3.27xp+8)bdi1500 M2O Grade ofConcrete & Fe 5OO TMT bans

Column size
Percentage of Steel Reinforcement/ Load carnying Capacity
in mm
b d 0.80 [Link] 1.25 [Link] L.75 [Link] 2.2s [Link] 2.75 [Link] 3.2s [Link] 3.75 [Link]

230 230 374 397 425 454 483 511 540 569 597 626 555 583 712 741

230 300 48B 518 555 s92 630 66V 704 742 779 817 854 891 929 965

230 450 73t 776 832 888 944 1001 1057 1113 1169 t225 128 1 1337 1393 t449

230 600 975 1035 1110 1185 1259 1334 1409 L484 1558 1633 1708 1783 1857 t932

230 750 12 19 1294 1387 1481 1574 1668 L76l 1854 1948 2041 2 135 2228 2372 24L5

230 900 1463 1553 1665 t777 1889 2001 2113 2225 2337 2450 2562 2674 2786 2898

230 1000 7625 L725 1850 t974 2099 2223 2348 2473 2597 2722 2846 297t 3095 3220

230 1200 1950 2070 2220 2369 2519 2668 28 1B 2967 31 17 3266 3416 3565 3715 3854

230 1500 2438 2588 2774 2961 3148 3335 3527 3709 3896 4083 4269 4456 4643 4830

300 300 635 675 724 773 821 870 919 958 1015 1065 1114 1 163 1211 1260

300 450 954 10 13 1086 1 159 L232 1305 1378 1451 1524 1598 L67t t744 1B 17 1890

300 600 1272 1350 t44B 1545 1643 1740 183 I 1935 2033 2 130 2228 2325 2423 2520

300 750 1590 16BB 1809 193 1 2053 2t75 2297 24t9 2541 2653 2t84 2906 3028 3150

300 900 1908 2025 2171 23 18 2464 2610 2756 2903 3049 3195 3341 348B 3634 3780

300 1000 2Lzo 2250 24t3 2575 2738 2900 3063 3225 3388 3550 37t3 3875 4038 4?00

400 600 1696 1800 1930 2050 2 190 73ZA 2450 2580 2tt0 2840 2970 3100 3230 3360

400 750 2na 2250 24t3 2575 2738 2900 3053 3225 3388 3550 3713 3B7s 4038 4200

400 1000 2827 3000 32t7 3433 3650 3867 4083 4300 4517 4733 4950 5 167 5383 5600
450 450 1431 15 19 1628 t738 IB48 1958 2467 2t77 2287 2396 2506 76'J.6 2725 2B 35

450 600 1908 2075 2t7l 23 1B 2464 2610 2756 2903 3049 3 195 3341 3488 3634 3780

450 750 2385 2531 2714 2897 3080 3263 3445 3628 38 11 3994 4177 4359 4542 4725
450 900 2862 3038 3257 3476 3696 39 15 4t34 4354 4573 4793 50 12 523 1 5451 5670
600 600 2544 2700 2895 3090 3285 3480 3675 3870 4065 4260 4455 4650 4845 5040

600 754 3180 3375 36 19 3863 4106 4350 4594 4838 508 1 5325 5s69 58 13 5056 6300

600 900 38 16 4050 4343 4635 4928 5274 551 3 5805 5098 6390 6683 6975 7268 7560

750 750 3975 4219 4523 4828 5133 5438 5742 6047 6352 6656 596 1 7266 7570 7875
750 900 4770 5063 5428 5794 6159 5525 689 1 7256 7622 7988 8353 8719 9084 9450

900 900 5724 6075 5514 6953 739L 7830 8269 8708 9t46 9585 10024 10463 10901 11340

50 oiuut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Load carrying Capacity of Columns ("P "Loads in KI{ )

P = (3.25xp+10)bdi 1500 M25 crade of Concrete & Fe 5OO [Link] bar$

Column size
Percentage of Steel Reinforcement/ Load carrying Capacity
in mm
b d o.80 [Link] 1.2s [Link] 1.7s [Link] 2.2s [Link] 2.75 [Link] 3.2s [Link] 3.75 [Link]

230 230 444 467 496 525 553 582 611 639 558 697 725 754 782 811

230 300 580 510 647 584 722 759 796 834 871 909 946 983 102 1 1058

230 450 869 9t4 970 1026 1082 1 139 1195 1251 t307 1363 1419 1475 153 1 1587

230 600 1 159 1219 t294 1369 L443 15 18 1593 1558 1742 1B 17 1892 1967 204t 21 16

230 750 t449 1524 L677 t7lL 1804 1898 199 1 2084 2L78 227L 2365 2458 2552 2645

230 900 t739 1829 1941 2053 2165 2277 2389 2501 26 13 2725 2B3B 2950 3062 3t74
230 1000 t932 2032 2L56 22BL 2405 2530 265s 2779 2944 3028 3153 3278 3402 3527

230 1200 2318 2438 25BB 2737 2887 JU JO 3 186 3335 3485 3634 3784 3933 4083 4232

230 1500 2898 3048 3234 347L 3508 3795 3982 4169 4356 4543 4729 4915 5 103 5290

300 300 756 795 844 893 94L 990 1039 lOBB 1 135 1 185 7234 1283 133 1 1380

300 450 tt34 1 193 1266 1339 L4L2 1485 1558 1631 t704 L778 185 1 1924 1997 2070

300 500 15 12 1590 1688 1785 1883 1980 2078 2175 2273 2370 2458 2555 2663 2760

300 750 1890 19BB 2 109 223t 2353 2473 2597 2779 284L 2963 3084 3205 3328 3450

300 900 2268 2385 253 1 2678 2824 2970 31 15 3263 3409 355s 3701 3B4B 3994 4t40

300 1000 2520 2650 2813 2975 3138 3300 3463 3625 37BB 3950 4tt3 4275 4438 4600

400 500 2016 2L20 2250 2 380 25 10 2640 7770 2900 3030 3 160 3290 3420 3550 3580

400 750 2520 2650 2813 2975 3138 3300 3463 3625 3788 3950 4tt3 4275 4438 4600

400 1000 3350 3533 3750 3967 4183 4440 4617 4833 5050 5267 5483 57AO 591.7 6133

450 450 170 1 1789 1898 2008 2 118 7228 2337 2447 2557 2666 2776 2BB5 2995 3105
450 600 2268 2385 2531 2678 2824 2970 3 116 3263 3409 355s 3707 3B48 3994 4144
450 750 2835 2981 3164 3347 J5JU 37t3 3895 4078 426t 4444 4627 4809 4992 5175
450 900 3402 3578 3797 4016 4236 4455 4674 4894 5113 5333 5552 577L 599 1 62t0
500 600 3024 3 180 3375 3570 3765 3960 4155 4350 4545 4740 4935 5130 5325 5520
600 750 3780 3975 42t9 4463 4706 4950 5194 5438 558 1 5925 6 169 64L3 6656 6900
600 900 4536 4770 5063 5355 5648 5940 6233 5525 6B 1B 7Ltl 7403 7695 7988 B2BO

750 750 4725 4969 5273 5578 5883 6 1BB 6492 6797 7t02 7406 7711 8016 8320 B625
750 900 5670 5963 6328 6694 7059 7425 7791 B 156 8522 SBBB 9253 96 19 9984 10350

900 900 6804 7155 7594 8033 B47t 8910 9349 978B t0226 10555 1 1104 1 1543 11981 t2424

r oir-r-i [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Load carrying Capacity of Columns ("P "Loads in KN )

P = (3.23xp+12)bdl1s00 M3O Grade of Concrete & Fe 5OO TMT bars

Column
size Perceirtage of Steel Reinforcement/ Load carrying Capacity
in mm
b d o.80 [Link] 1.2s 1.50 1.75 [Link] 2,25 2.50 2.75 [Link] 3.2s [Link] 3.75 [Link]

230 230 5L4 537 566 594 623 651 680 708 736 765 793 822 850 879

230 300 671 701 738 775 812 849 886 923 961 998 1035 to72 1109 Lt46

230 450 1006 1051 1107 tL52 12 18 L274 1329 1385 1441 L497 1552 1608 7664 t7t9
230 600 7342 1401 1475 1550 1624 1698 t773 1847 192 1 1995 2070 2144 2218 2293

230 750 7677 1751 1844 t937 2030 2t23 2216 2309 2401 2494 2587 2580 2?73 2866

230 900 2013 2102 22L3 2325 2436 2547 2659 2770 2B82 2993 3105 3216 3328 3439

230 1000 2236 2335 2459 2583 2707 2831 2954 3078 3202 3326 3450 3573 3697 3821

230 1200 2683 2802 295 1 3099 3248 3397 3545 3694 3842 3991 4L40 4288 4437 4585

230 1500 3354 3503 3689 3874 4060 4246 4432 4617 4803 4989 st74 5360 5545 s732

300 300 875 9t4 962 10 11 1059 1 108 1156 1205 1253 130 1 1350 1398 1447 1495

300 450 13 13 L37t 1443 15 16 1589 166 1 L734 LBOT L879 1952 2025 2097 2170 2243

300 600 1750 1828 1925 2021 2118 2215 23L2 2409 2506 2603 2700 2797 2894 2990

300 750 2188 2285 2406 2527 2648 2769 2890 3011 3132 3254 3375 3496 36L7 3738

300 900 2625 274t 2BB7 3032 3t77 3323 3468 3614 3759 3904 4050 4195 4340 4486

300 1000 2917 3046 3208 3369 353 1 3692 3854 4015 4177 4338 4500 466t 4823 4984

400 600 2333 2437 2566 2695 2824 2954 3083 3217 3341 3470 3600 3729 3858 3987

400 750 29t7 3046 3208 3369 Jf,J I 3692 3854 4015 4L77 4338 4500 4661 4823 4984

400 1000 3B89 4061 4277 4492 4707 4923 5138 s353 5569 5784 5999 6215 5430 6645

450 450 1969 2055 2165 2274 2383 2492 2601 2710 2819 2928 3037 3146 3255 3364

450 600 2625 274t 28B7 3032 3177 3323 3468 3674 3759 3904 4050 4L95 4344 4486
450 730 3281 3427 3508 3790 3972 4154 4335 4577 4699 4880 5062 5244 s425 5607
450 900 3938 4112 4330 4548 4766 4984 5202 5420 5538 5855 6074 6292 6510 6728

600 600 3500 3655 3849 4443 423? 4434 4524 481B 5012 5206 5399 5593 5787 5981

500 750 4375 4569 4811 s054 5296 5538 5780 6023 6265 6507 6749 6992 7234 7476
600 900 5250 5483 5774 6064 6355 6646 6936 7227 7518 7808 8099 8390 8681 8971

750 750 5469 5711 6014 6317 5620 6923 7225 7528 7831 8134 8437 8739 9042 9345

750 900 6553 6854 72t7 7580 7944 8307 8570 9034 9397 9767 10t24 to4B7 10851 It2L4
900 900 7875 8224 8650 9096 9532 9968 10404 10841 tt277 1 1713 12t49 12585 13021 L3457

52 oir-lfr [Link] 06GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

Foundation : Design Table of lsolated Footings
Grade of Concrete : M20 SBCofSoil=100KN/m2
Steel : Fe 500 TMT bars
Cover :50mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)
Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size dimension D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each Length available
"KN" LxB "m" of Column cm cm both Directions ,rcm,
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 1.50 x 1.50 30 30 20 5.57 8-10y 60
300 1.90 x 1.90 40 35 20 7.73 10-10y 75
400 [Link] 40 40 20 9.7 13-10y 85
500 2.4Ox2.4O 40 45 20 1L.9 15-10y 100
600 2.60x2.60 40 60 20 15.0 14-1,2y 110
800 3.00 x 3.00 40 65 20 19.7 78-72y 130
1000 3.40 x 3.40 50 70 20 23.5 t2-1,6y 1,45
L250 3.7O x 3.7O 50 80 20 30.3 16-16y 160
1500 [Link] x [Link] 60 80 20 32.9 17-76y L75
L750 4.40 x 4.40 60 90 30 38.4 20-t6y L90
2000 4.70 x 4.70 60 100 30 44.3 23-76y 205
2250 5.00 x 5.00 60 1L0 30 50.5 26-16y 220
2500 5.30 x 5.30 60 t20 30 56.2 27-16y 235
2750 5.50 x 5.50 70 L20 30 58.9 30-15y 240
3000 5.80 x 5.80 70 1,25 30 65.2 33-16y 255

Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars

Concrete : M20 SBCofSoit=150KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
ttm" Area in each Length available
"KN" Column cm cm both Directions ,rcm,
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 1.30 x 1.30 30 30 20 4.60 6-10 y 45
300 L.50 x 1.50 30 35 20 6.04 8-10 y 55
400 1.80 x 1.80 30 45 20 8.r7 LL-10 y 65
500 2.00 x 2.00 40 45 20 10.0 L3-10 y 75
600 2.!Ox2.70 40 50 20 10.80 74-L0y 85
800 2.50 x 2.50 40 60 20 L4.30 1,3-L2 y 105
1000 2.80 x 2.80 50 60 20 L8.10 L7-l2y 110
1250 3.00 x 3.00 50 70 20 20.5 L9-L2y 125
1-500 3.40 x 3.40 60 75 20 25.5 23-12y 140
7750 3.60 x 3.60 60 80 20 3L.60 28.I2y L50
2000 3.90 x 3.90 70 90 30 35.7 32-L2v 160
2250 4.10 x 4.L0 65 100 30 38.s 20-L6 v 170
2500 4.30 x 4.30 70 100 30 45.3 23-LG v t75
27sO 4.50 x 4.50 70 L05 30 46.9 24-L6y L90
3000 4.7O x 4.70 70 1L0 30 52.2 27-16y 200

Note : y - denotes Fe500TMT bars

r oiu-t Gtrulrflruronfi aoEGurG Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete : M20 SBCofSoil=200KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)
Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
,,KN" Area in each Length available
Column cm cm both Directions ttcln"
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
100 0.80 x 0.80 30 20 20 1.5 4-LOy 25

200 1.10 x 1.10 30 30 20 [Link] 6-10 y 40

300 1.30 x 1.30 30 35 20 5.40 7-7Oy 45

400 1.50 x 1.50 30 40 20 6.60 9-10 y 55

500 L.7O x L.70 40 40 20 7.6 L0-L0 y 65

600 1.90 x 1..90 40 45 20 9.L0 L2-10 y 75

800 2.70 [Link] 40 60 20 7L.7 15-10 y 85

1000 2.40 x2.4O 45 60 20 L4.8 19-10 y 95

7250 2.60 x 2.50 45 70 20 L8.8 t7-L2y L05

1500 2.90 x 2.90 50 75 20 22.70 2L-72y 115

1750 3.20 x 3.20 50 90 30 25.9 23-72y 130

2000 3.40 x 3.40 60 90 30 32.9 30-L2 y 135

2250 3.60 x 3.60 50 90 30 34.70 3t-t2y 145

2500 3.80 x 3.80 65 100 30 37.50 19-L6 y 160

2750 3.90 x 3.9 65 100 30 41.80 22-16 y 165

3000 4.10 x 4.L0 65 105 30 47.O 24-16 y 175

Note : y - denotes Fe500TMT bars.

Grade of Concrete : M20 SBCofSoil=250KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each Length available
"KN" 'fiu Column cm cm both Directions ,rcmD
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 1.00 x 1.00 30 30 20 3.9 5-10 y 35
300 L.20 x L.20 30 30 20 4.6 6-10 y 40
400 1.40 x L.40 30 35 20 6.5 9-10 y 50
500 1.50 x 1.50 40 40 20 7.6 10-10y 55

600 L.7O x 7.7O 40 45 20 9.4 L2-1.0 y 65

800 1.90 x 1.90 40 50 20 L7.4 Ll-L2y 75
1000 2.10 [Link] 45 60 20 13.9 t3-t2y 80
1250 2.40 x2.40 45 65 20 [Link] L6-12y 95
1500 2.60 x 2.60 45 75 20 20.3 18-72 y 100

1750 2.80 x 2.80 50 80 20 23.3 12-t6y 110

2000 3.00 x 3.00 60 80 20 29.80 15-L6 y 115
2250 3.20 x 3.20 60 90 30 30.80 16-16 y L25
2500 3.40 x 3.40 60 90 30 35.8 18-16 y 130
2750 3.50 x 3.50 65 100 30 37.4 19-16 y 135
3000 3.70 x 3.70 65 100 30 4L.4 27-76y L40

Note : y- denotes Fe500 TMT bars.

54 oir-lir O-rrflurnonir ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete : M25 SBC of Soil= 100 KN / m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size dimension D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each Length available
"KN" LxB "m" of Column cm cm both Directions
Direction "cm2" "cm"
Pedestal cm
200 1.50 x 1.50 30 30 20 5.6 7-10y 60
300 1.90 x 1.90 40 35 20 7.80 10-10y 75
400 [Link] 40 35 20 9.9 13-10y 85
500 2.4Ox2.4O 40 45 20 1L.9 15-10y 100
500 2.60 x 2.50 40 50 20 1,4.3 t3-L2y 110
800 3.00 x 3.00 40 60 20 18.9 t7-t2y L30
1000 3.40 x 3.40 50 60 20 23.s 2L-72y L45
L250 3.70 x 3.70 50 75 20 30.3 16-16y 160
1500 4.10 x 4.10 60 75 20 33.4 I7-76y L75
1750 4.40 x 4.40 60 90 30 37.4 19-16y 190
2000 4.70 x 4.70 60 90 30 44.7 23-L6y 205
2250 5.00 x 5.00 60 100 30 48.3 25-t5y 220
2500 5.30 x 5.30 65 105 30 52.9 27-1,6y 235
2750 5.50 x 5.50 65 110 30 59.2 30-16y 240
3000 5.80 x 5.80 70 t20 30 63.10 32-16y 255

Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars

Concrete M25 SBCofSoil=150KN/m2

Steel Fe [Link] bars

Cover 75mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
umu Area in each Length available
"KN" Column cm cm both Directions ,rcm,
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 1.30 x 1.30 30 30 20 4.60 6-10 y 45
300 1.50 x 1.50 40 35 20 6.1-0 9-10 y 55
400 1.80 x 1.80 40 40 20 7.80 10-10 y 65
500 2.0 x 2.0 40 40 20 9.40 t2-7Oy 75
600 2.1.O x 2.7O 40 45 20 11.0 15-L0 y 85
800 2.50 x 2.50 40 60 20 14.60 74-12y 105
1000 2.80 x 2.80 50 60 20 19.9 18-tZy 110
1250 3.00 x 3.00 50 65 20 21.90 20-12y L25
1500 3.40 x 3.40 60 70 20 30.6 16-16 y L40
t750 3.60 x 3.60 60 75 20 33.20 \7.I6y 150
2000 3.90 x 3.90 70 80 20 4L.6 27-76y 150
2250 4.10 x 4.10 65 90 30 43.7 22-L6 y L70
2s00 4.30 x 4.30 70 90 30 51.30 26-16 y 775
2750 4.50 x 4.50 70 100 30 52.1, 27-1,6y 190
3000 4.70 x 4.7O 70 100 30 59.6 30-15 y 200

Note : y - denotes Fe500TMT bars

55 oir-r-t [Link] aooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete M25 SBCofSoil=200KN/m2

Steel Fe 500 TMT Bars, Cover: 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each Length available
"KN" Column cm cm both Directions ttcmt'
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 L.L0 x 1.10 30 30 20 4.07 6-1.0 y 40

300 L.30 x 1.30 30 30 20 5.40 7-t0y 45

400 1.50 x 1.50 30 35 20 7.2 10-10 y 55

s00 1.70 x 1.70 40 40 20 10.10 13-10 y 65

600 1.90 x 1.90 40 45 20 10.7 L4-10 y 75

800 2.10 x 2.L0 45 50 20 14.10 L8-10 y 85

1000 2.40x2.4O 45 60 20 L6.25 L5-72y 95

1250 2.70x2.70 45 70 20 20.1,0 L8-1.2 y 110

1500 2.90 x 2.90 50 l0 20 27.3 25-t2y L1.5

1750 3.20 x 3.20 50 75 20 30.L0 27-L2y 130

2000 3.40 x 3.40 50 90 20 32.10 29-t2y 135

2750 3.60 x 3.60 50 90 30 37.4 33-t2y 145

2500 3.80 x 3.80 80 90 30 4L.20 2L-L6y I45

t
2750 3.90 x 3.9 60 100 30 45.5 23-16y 155

3000 4.10 x 4.10 60 100 30 50.90 26-16y L75

Note: y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars.

Grade of Concrete : M25 SBCofSoil=250KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each [ength available
"KN" Column cm cm both Directions
Direction "cm2" " cm"
Pedestal cm
200 1.00 x 1.00 30 30 20 3.9 5-L0 y 35

300 1.20 x 1.20 30 30 20 4.5 6-L0 y 40

400 1.40 x 1..40 30 35 20 6.2 8-10 y 50

500 1.50 x L.50 40 40 20 7.5 10-10y 55

600 L.70x1.70 40 45 20 9.0 L2-L0y 65

800 L.90 x 1.90 40 50 20 14.2 t3-L2y 75

1000 2.L0 x2.10 45 50 20 16.3 15-1,2y 80

L250 2.40x2.40 50 60 20 2t.t 79-L2y 95

1500 2.60 x 2.60 45 65 20 24.4 13-16 y 100

7750 2.80 x 2.80 50 70 20 27.40 15-16 y 1t0

2000 3.00 x 3.00 60 70 20 31.6 16-16 y 1L5

2250 3.20 x3.20 60 75 20 35.7 18-16 y 725

2500 3.40 x 3.40 60 80 20 4L.00 21,-16y 130

2750 3.50 x 3.50 65 90 30 42.4 22-LGy 135

3000 3.70 x 3.70 65 90 30 46.5 24-L6y 140

Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars.

56 orluut Gunflunonir meGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete : M30 SBCofSoil=100KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size dimension D Do Reinforcements on
.,KN, Area in each Length available
LxB "m" of Column cm cm both Directions
Direction "cm2" "cm"
Pedestal cm
200 1.50 x 1.50 30 30 20 5.6 8-10y 60
300 1.90 x 1.90 40 35 20 7.8 10-10y 75
400 2.1O x 2.L0 40 40 20 10.0 13-10y 85
500 2.4O x2.4O 40 45 20 L2.6 16-10y 100
600 2.60 x 2.60 40 50 20 1s.3 1,4-t2y 11-0
800 3.00 x 3.00 40 60 20 19.50 20-I2y 130
1000 3.40 x 3.40 50 60 20 25.8 13-16y L45
1,250 3.7O x3.7O 50 70 20 29.2 15-16y 160
1500 [Link] x 4.10 60 75 20 36.6 19-16y 775
1750 4.4O x 4.4O 60 80 30 43.6 22-L6y 190
2000 4.7O x 4.7O 60 90 30 47.7 24-16y 205
2250 5.00 x 5.00 60 90 30 55.6 28-16y 220
2500 5.30 x 5.30 65 100 30 59.8 30-16y 235
2750 5.50 x 5.50 65 105 30 66.90 34-16y 240
3000 5.80 x 5.80 70 1L0 30 70.7 36-16y 255
Note : y- denotes Fe500 TMT bars

Concrete M30 SBCofSoil=150KN/m2

Steel Fe 500 TMT bars

Cover 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (Sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size [xB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
,KN,, ttm" Area in each Length available
Column cm cm both Directions
Direction "cm2" "cm"
Pedestal cm
200 1.30 x 1.30 30 30 20 3.6 5-10 y 45
300 1.50 x L.50 40 30 20 6.40 9-10 y 55
400 t.7O x L,7O 40 35 20 9.L0 L2-70 y 65
500 1.90 x L.90 40 40 20 11.5 tt-I2 y 75
600 2.10x2.1,0 40 45 20 L2.0 1I-L2y 85
800 2.50 x 2.50 40 50 20 76.4 16-72y L05
1000 2.80 x 2.80 45 60 20 20.6 !9-l2y L10
1250 3.00 x 3.00 45 70 20 25.2 13-L6 y 125
1500 3.40 x 3.40 50 75 20 22.50 L5-16 y r40
t750 3.60 x 3.60 50 80 20 36.0 18.16y L50
2000 3.90 x 3,90 70 80 20 42.t 23-L6y 160
2250 4.10 x 4.10 70 80 20 48.8 25-t6 y t70
2500 4.30 x 4.30 70 90 30 51.6 26-76 y L75
2750 4.50 x 4.50 70 100 30 57.2 29-LGy 190
3000 4.7O x 4.7O 70 100 30 65.3 33-16 y 200

r
Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars

orlult Ourflurnonri ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of Isolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete : M30 SBCofSoil=200KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
,m, Area in each Length available
"KN" Column cm cm both Directions
Direction "cm2" "cm"
Pedestal cm
200 1.10 x 1.L0 30 30 20 4.L0 5-10 y 40
300 L.30 x 1.30 30 30 20 5.20 7-70 y 45

400 L.50 x 1.50 30 35 20 6.90 9-10 y 55

500 L.70 x 1.70 40 40 20 9.80 13-10 y 65

600 1.90 x 1.90 40 45 20 10.3 L4-L0 y 75

800 2.10 x2.L0 45 45 20 t5.7 L4-t2y 85

L000 2.40 x2.40 45 50 20 18.30 L7-t2 y 95

t250 2.70x2.70 50 60 20 23.40 2t-t2y 110

1500 2.90 x 2.90 50 60 20 32.2 15-15 y 115

1750 3.20 x 3.20 50 70 20 32.2 29-12y 130

2000 3.40 x 3.40 60 70 20 36.9 33-L2y 135

2250 3.60 x 3.60 60 75 30 42.3 22-76y L45

2500 3.80 x 3.80 60 80 20 47.8 24-76y L45

2750 3.90 x 3.9 65 90 30 49.2 25-16 y 165

3000 4.10 x 4.10 65 90 30 54.40 28-16y 175

Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars.

Grade of Concrete : M30 SBCofSoit=250KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars

Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

Least
Reinforcement Development
Load Footing Size LxB dimension of D Do Reinforcements on
Area in each Length available
"KN" 'mu Column cm cm both Directions t'cmt'
Direction "cm2"
Pedestal cm
200 1.00 x 1.00 30 30 20 3,9 4-10y 35

300 1.20 x t.20 30 30 20 4.5 6-10 y 40

400 1.40 x 7.40 30 35 20 7.5 10-10 y 50

s00 1.50 x 1.50 40 40 20 10.0 13-10y 55

600 L.70 x L.7O 40 45 20 10.5 14-L0 y 65

800 L.90 x 1.90 40 50 20 13.8 L3-12y 75

1000 2.70 x2.L0 50 50 20 20.0 18-12 y 80

1.250 2.40 x2.40 50 65 20 19.7 78-L2y 95

1500 2.60x2.60 45 6s 20 24.8 13-16 y 100

1150 2.80 x 2.80 45 75 20 28.3 L5-16 y 110

2000 3.00 x 3.00 50 70 20 31.8 16-L6 y 115

2250 3.20 x 3.20 50 80 20 35.4 18-L6 y 1,25

2500 3.40 x 3.40 50 80 20 42.3 22-L6y 1.30

2750 3.50 x 3.50 50 90 30 46.7 24-LGy 1.35

3000 3.70 x 3.70 60 90 30 51.9 26-1,6 y 140

Note : y - denotes Fe500 TMT bars.

58 o[ulfr Ourflurnonir oeGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

GradeofConcrete :M20 SBC of Soi!= 300 KN / m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars Cover : 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)
P ze FOOTING SIZE
LOAO
[Link] COLUUl{3 ADOPTED
(kN) a b h L B D Do
mm mm mm m m mm mm IX BOTH D'RECTIO}I
FOOTING:
Column Si:. - lAOx300
F1 330 400 150 0.90 0.90 300 200 5 Nos,10mm#
2 F2 300 330 400 15S 1.10 110 300 200 6 Nos.l0mm#
3 F3 {00 330 400 150 300 20{] 1? NG lt}mm#
4 F4 500 330 400 150 140 1.40 350 200 13 NG.1ornm*
Colrtmn $ire - ?3$IAOO
F5 600 330 15t) 15(} 150 :tOO 200 14 Nos.l0mm#
6 F6 700 330 150 1.65 1.65 450 2M 15 Nos lomm#
7 F7 800 330 500 150 175 175 500 ?oo 15 [Link]#
I F8 so0 330 500 150 185 195 500 2m 14 Nos.12mrn#
Column Sl:. - 30Ox400
F9 900 400 500 150 1.85 1.85 5m 2W 17 [Link]#
10 F10 1000 400 500 150 195 195 50{} 16 Nos.12mm*
11 Fl1 ,250 400 5{)0 150 215 ?15 600 300 16 Noa.12mm#
Column Sirr .300xS00
=12 400 600 150 2_15 2.15 6S 30,0 16 N6,12mm*
13 F13 r500 400 600 150 235 2?5 65{} 300 20 Nos.l2mnr$
14 F',l4 400 600 'r50 )55 )55 750 300 22 Nes.12mm#
:6lumn Siz. - 3OOX6OO
1 :t( 1750 400 700 150 2^55 2.55 750 3txl 22 NG.t2mm#
'16 F16 2000 400 700 150 2.75 2.75 8m 300 25 t$os.12mmf
17 F17 400 700 150 2.90 2.m 900 300 29 Nos-12mm#
lolumn Size - 4O0x5O0
'! :18 22fi 500 600 150 2.90 2.90 850 300 27 Nm 12mrnj
19 Fts 500 ano 150 [Link] 3,10 900 300 17 Nos,16mm0
r20 27W 500 600 150 3.20 3.20 1000 300 20 t'Is-l6mm#
21 F2'l 3000 500 600 150 3.35 3.35 1050 300 21 Nos.16mm#

Grade of Concrete :M25 SBCofSoil=300KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars Cover: 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)

FOOTlltlg SIZE
LOAO
3LL0 [Link] o b h L B &e
{rx}
mfir ri!m mfir rR m mm n?lr H 6qtHorRtcl&r
F(XlTllCii
:olt'rur S&r - 23lrxre
:t a xa lalrrtlt
l0* 3v) rl0
rtm I:S r.z5 r25
4 F.{ 33{t 13 !&e,l$rnll
:olurnn Sir* - l]0xlm$

F6 7m gx, 5m !65 t5N6-12ttrlrl

FI {s) --166- 'l,lt{06,rm
7
ro
t.75
1.85
-lE- --m'-
1_75 2{n
19 Nc,l2ilrt
:**unrn Srae, 3$0xrt00
-& :a* 150 r.85 1.85 45S an 17lrb.12nrr*
:t0 r05 d:rl
iit 1?5t) {& 590 2.r5 215 xn 2r ie,lM
ir3 i ?.!tl --ffi- --6rr- tt0 er5
rl3 1'r0l 600 tx)
r750 &&_ tt0 -llg_ 255 7(p *-199*
:drn3lx.3&d,!o -ssg_
rt5
rt6
't750 m rrc
l0&1 I'O
t7 Fl7 ,7lldr t6,rln,
Coaim 3lr.. a&$00
t arin (t1 ffi ?{r ?(rt 76n t t't t* *le lf,.firrl
t8 Fr9 2500 50c 1ii t8l'lc"l6ilr*
2t3t]
21 F21 5*t 150 3.35 3.35 300 [Link]*
t| Fr Foolhry .!i0& rmrc mm gqlmrq trwrde bp [Link] lffi O Xxkun C"C &o0r w'lrs

59 oir-ui Orrfluncnir mEGuO Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete : M 20 SBCofSoi!=440KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars, Cover: 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)
FOOTn.c sazf
ltLt{o {O(UT'NS AAOPTEO
LOAD
ofl,
, b h L a Oo
mm mm rnm m m ttt,Ir ,?s'n il aotH onEcltoat

crilurln $rre - 2fox:*{

9> rx) 33tl 150
f r3 330 dstl * [Link]*
{ F4 330 400 150 1-A] 't20 T3 NG.I2rI$l*
Cdl,rl': Si'o - 23OxitOO
51 1l$ t50
6 F6 11{) rq0 r36 r35 ,2HG,lM
7 FI r50 1.a5
a r50 ,O Nos. l6{!s!*
aalrlm Sire 30{ri&}0
F9 5{X} r50 r50
tro 140
tl Ffi 1}q{t "tty'l
11n rl(l tBa r80
aallrmn Sire 3tr)r5{}O
F'? 't50 l.l [Link],
13 Ft3 {os tx, 1,95 1-93 13 ilor.t6trfi*
F14 150 ?.t0 && t5 Nc6-l6rrr*
cdrrm sDe,3{Xlr6{t0 -:il-
! i t& r7tll t#} 7** ,t8 ? tfi lm
t6 ro0 r50 17 No6.16rm*
t7 7m 150 :.u tz ?Jc lorYfiil
:6ailm sits - aOor5OO
1 Ft8 ,rqt qnn 150 ato ,ro lm lTkl*,I1d
19 Frg t6{} ?5{} 2* 17 Nc.16nrn
r50 l9 Ns.l6{IrY*
It 3** 150 ,7 N€E.l6rffi!,
L0tt : r, 'tuj mm < |ir&!re ur lm
ffi mC/(

Design Table of lsolated Footings :

Grade of Concrete :M25 SBCofSoi!=440KN/m2

Steel : Fe 500 TMT Bars, Cover: 50mm (bottom) & 75mm (sides)
PEOESIAL SIZE
LOAO
sL.r{o COLUiSI$ ADOPTEO a b h L B o 0o
sx,
nvn mm mn m m aun llxn fi aorH oc€enoil
TSOTING:
Colrn$n 5116 - ?f0x}lxl
FI 3g] t :,rj o.75 6 itffi t6mr*
c1 1fi} 1Lt illfl 1.e 5 t{c*.l8mrnf
a F3 't50 '[Link] t.{){) iuu 6 t{os.10rnfi*
3 5(n r5{l t20 l2 ilo3.r2mnil
4 F{ 330 t.2{,
catumx Sir. - 2ylr4{l{l
F1 1
'd1 11 t{o3.l3mm'
I FA 150 {1 't? t{G {?mf,fl
7 17 r50 tt6 i !t5 .{-4n lO tb l6mmt
r8 330 500 45* ,o iaoE.t6mm,
Coalrnn 3116.l$0xtl0o
F9 150
---i6- 15,() rx) 200 l3 ib.1?mnnt
*-*-i6lto6,l6mn*
l(m , riq- ux)
Ft1 125, {00 500 r56 'l.g) :{x} 200 13 nbs l6mma
{..*rmn tit* - ltrhr!{Xl
1" F12 1?5iI 150 Id l&a t6mm,
F13 15{L tTtw t6mmt
i, Flil t 750 doo €0{] 154 ?.'lo 2. IU b(x, J{X,, tg tile tamf,tt
{:olum Slr0 - ](Xlr6O0
t5 r15 r750 'tg t{oe tGilrfi*
16 Fr6 .lic 71X' t50 2.25 2.25 510 ?8 tt{}E 16m{*
l7 r17 1.. ! tao 2.{O 218
Cdum Slre. amr5{Xl
rr8 )2$ r5{,
F1Q 150 >& 7q{} '{,,f1

2?50 6m J!C E3 t{6.16nrmt

I 3{S 150 810 3tx) 2? l{o'3. l6{nrtl

ii) For Foolrq dep& ntre tlwl 90&m; provire top r8hercsmsnt tryrrrl* & 20&nm CiC bo& ua),i

50 oiuut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Design Tables for Grade Beams

Grade Beam Details for storey height of 3.3om with 1.2om basement height
(with ful! wall)
Concrete Grade : M2O, Steel Grade : Fe 5OO

Spr|hlll Gf,lvtrY 0fst$x $rlsiltr ff$tcft Ffxrr(s

1 3-0O to {.0O rn 3r2t ar

T
3/r2t
I FmO-r ,trl

$lrJtr{ tt;qsr*n ce ,0Omncrt

2 It.00 t, a-00 rx *12t Lr,!l*

I
I Ht(FI Ilz $m t-#Ft
?12r

8ilt$-.tr {e:XX}r?r} o,u Jr{ & i!,!t clc

3 {.tOti}*.0Om *lx {$!trf

I I
I .u:e; I 1t1X
gtr':t*OrQmr?er SrP{Lt,l!'r&:B rr!| @

a *-00 to S"$S m an1,

I trtrt
$ arl2* I A16i*
trt2*
S?PrL#{C2gBtr*n d*

5 &fi&lo6-&lm trlff *J8*{

I I tr'!2*

I 316* I 2f!8*+
,t12t
[Link] ItP-&.*r lOSm crc

Ncc 1- 6ndr hrms *(*[Link],e{ ltosn {6*l lot6. .r I 16r, hqft a{ ,,f q & bisttrrs! !l}SM : ,S fr
j, $dr$ i! rilo* Gr.6. ,e b. :rbotr(
3 *ra{rt O{tb carahn, r| p$ ,5 t t{?$ b trdo$ *st']r!
a ?1u $ oc, tlslaua til, &l}tf btrt ha*s€ sr1 rs$l ffi A., .o ssdtry tnl$a
: aaad *rr g*rdtlrd
!a llrS tr $0t {sr$**tr{ rsr ,}ri*i!

61 otllut [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Grade Beam Details for storey height of 4.95m with 1.2Om basement height
(with full wall)
Concrete Grade : M2O, Steel Grade : Fe 5OO

Sffrh il! GfirYtrY ms&ilt 9fl3lt{ trlftil mHAS(3

yta
*mx
3.()obLIOrt

sl2' t-{ffF.

E [Link]?Srrrcrc SffrJOt*r{f}rrri*
ta{00 n iaj13*
2 tr$O
I $m:;
t r4flFl .I13* ffi
SfPJ[.*$]!]rxae CIPJL{ Orlp &0 c*
'!nr
t iL00b{t0m 2l*si 2r16*.
I 1fi:r I l,'lx
t ,ff8r*
tfia
I AIS+
111&
glltrt"aa0ffilr{ns Arl|il,{|}t&'tBr*ric|;

{ 3J1tl+ 3l&f*
{[Link]
I t,1rr
I ttlx
I ails+
,ttu I A10**
1fl2*
6'P.&,f el$r'r* 6|r?&{*[Link].
T t 2/iSr &,161
00u6.C0 m
I 1rt2* I
I 2rtsf
rlrx
I {J16*

STPrr* ll ?0 tr*t cr* llF,3l{l tts,m tlrt {!{

#101 itrl6f
6 A60bA00tti
I
#1*i I 'Ul6r

Itfrt-ll O ABrltiltcrc Si"JL* (rl$Xl6 il6 e8

k t. er"c. b.a{rr [Link] ien , ,&r,6 **1, l*tcjl {s t trotry f*{}{ {f a ti ,t I }rrltrr !t }'!'rr I f$
't1
! Lalo I k'm G!rd. ts h .doat*'d.
$*$6tl O{{dr ce{}lsq sr W 6 tl*?Str [Link]& **4t!
{ ?hll * a*r tspl{r}t* fsa stld* B*nt ,Fra{ rt&!t ?[Link] 6a** d{. to r*{sdarr b*ae
3 as.c 6d{ tr} :tr',[Link] d*} l* *e {e**f(fr, {*. Sitln

62 orluut O-rrdureni o6GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

 NGIDY RECXOTTR TOR CAilTILTVER NOOT SIAS LIYI LOl0 : l.5O Xll/mr
ROOF FIilISH r l.3O Kl$mr
Crntibr:r 6lir0 thiclncsr robl llu in llrin B*hforrnm*nt Dastdbgtion rhcl
Spro In m lo.d Xl*rn
incm l(lllmr
0.3 a, 1 4.00 0,3& s $ s 15 <m c/c $ s 20 cm clc
0.{ 1, I {.00 0,63 o $ l5 <m r1c a * !0 cm clc
0.t 5. a 4.13 0.96 I * s 13 cm clc I I ?0 cm elc
0.6 6.5, 1 4.31 1.39 o * s ll cm <.lc I t s *0 crn elc
0.7 7.t, 5 4.56 1.90 8 t 15 cm cle I ?0 cm c/r
0.8 ?.t, 5 4.16 2.{3 I lJ cm clc I I 30 crn clc
0.9 8.r, 3 4.69 3,19 8 , & l8 cm clc I f ?S sr c&
1.0 10, 5 rt.88 .t.04 I * 3l cm c/c I * 2O crn clc
1.1 10, I 4.88 3.03 I $ s ?? cm clc 8 2O crn clc
1,2 10, I 4.88 5.95 I * s tl cm </c o * s trO crn dc
1.3 11. 5 [Link] 7.O7 I * s ?O cm clc s 20 crn clc
1.4 11, t $.13 8,33 8 a 20 cm c/c o s s 20 mr clc
,..3 13 7.3 3.56 10.?3 10 * & t7 rm </< I t, s 20 crn c/c
1.6 ta. 7.3 5.69 tt,53 10 * 27 cm <tc I * & 20 crn clc
1.7 t5, 7.5 5.81 r3,55 to , & 25 cm c./c I , s 20 crn </<
1.8 15. 7.5 5.81 15.13 10 * s 22 crn c/c I , s 20 *tr clc
1.9 r6, 7.5 5.9.i t7.r5 lo , s 2O cn c/c * & lO cm c/c

2.0 17,3, 7.5 [Link] 19,a9 10 t s 20 cm <lc I a ?0 cm dc

2.1 r7.5, ?.5 6.r2 22,01 10 * & l8 <n elc o * & 20 <m clc
t, 20, 7.5 6,a{ t( aa 10 ; 18 cm c/c I * l0 crvr clc
?.3 3S v.J 6.4 2?,48 t: * s !{ cm clc I $ E1' t0 crr clc
2,1 20, 7.3 6.{a 29.84 12 , 22 <m c/c I * !$ <m c/r
2.' t2,t, 7.5 6"75 33.74 1e * s 33 cm clc 8 * 18 crn clc

1.6 a!.r, ?.5 6.75 36.41 12 S s !1 cm cJc s $ & l8 cm dc

2.7 22.5, 7.5 6.?5 3t,t7 l3 , 19 <m </c 3 * & 10 crn clc

e.8 I3" 7,3 7.06 4.?a te * 19 cm c/c n , & 15 cm c/c

:.9 25, 7.5 7.06 {6.97 1t * 18 cm <,/c I $ s 16 cnr clc

3,0 23, 7.3 7.A6 50,40 ta * (p 17 cm clc I * l&m cJ<

xo{c r o xild sttrl {fu = lso

* High Strcngth St..l {fy -5OO tllmmr} llotr : 1} Spar upto 1.0O m, frcie S .2 m high, jcrn ttrkt.
2) Sfrn upb 2.00 m, frcir 0.3 ra hi90r, 5 cm thrct,
3) lsrn upto 3,OO m, hcir 0.4 m high, 5 cm thi*.

r oir-r-t [Link] aDoGuJO Building Engineers Hand Book

:i,

I
!
I
t:
t
t

zg1d4Srpo6ir EIGD A@tg,,o6il

Detailing of Rebars in
RC Members (SP=34 (S&T) r 1987)

I
I
7
6
@ il 245
[Link] o6GuO Engineerc Hand
,l

t;

'1

I
 One way slab

0l
irii 3rlt t t8:rort il
I Jrt ,orc a,
sgcTtoil -BB

:
g tl
3
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lrl
6
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xg
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TilTTOTS IJ
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6

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Two way slab

a
r 8r
a
;
tt tg
lla

tt fl€
c
t aDt
PI
vt zl
tc 9t
6l
url
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0,r x'rrrlrm.. lrtl tt llt3 rx I

An

SCCIlOll-A^

55 oilut Ourflruronri moGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Cantilever Beam

Btr r lt$tf,hllt?

I
8rn8 IO rlArG
flrE BEqnnf,o
arclorAot
[Link] s t{ vtttlE or
tqrx $oqt.
$trl1

&lt A6l;il stSr[tr

18 Hil{}Wi lilolA*5

t rr! cAxTrlav€tmllt PlanEcflilG rrou r leAu oYIr A od'utt{

fte. E"l? Stpunto Cunr&$&t$ Eumr ra* ,l CrxRtnrr lr''tx

CAI{TLEI'ER BE*iIWM{
PONT IOAD
*rs..rr{ha{irIBm*d(lr

rT-r

I Shear rern.

INCSRRECT

a3d
d Ld

I
*ORRECT
Ld
li*s

66 ctiur-fr Orrrflurnonri ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Folded Toilet Slab

8Y @200c/c
2-l2Y
( Torr )
rO lr)
f\f N

8Y @200c/c

8Y@ r 2.I6Y 8Y @150c/c

8Y @200c/c
125

IYPICAL {X I.X I } . SECTION THROUGH FOLDED IOILEI SLAB

To be Reod with Structurol Slob - Rebors

Folded Toilet Slab

2.t2Y
8Y 8150c/c Ol50c/c
t) Toilet L)
r\l

ffic/c 8Y& 2tklc

orfelt Pcper 8Y S200clc 8Y O20c/c
k |loll 2.I 6Y &1Sc/c r6Y

8YQ20c/c
IJ
't25 IS

IYPICAL {X2.X2I. SECTION THROUGH FOIDED IOILEI SLAE

o be Reod with StructurolSlob -

r oir-r-[r [Link] ocGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Beam Varying Depth with Point load in Middle span

2-l6Y++20Y 2-20Y+ l-l 6Y

d
.L A3 I tO tl.
2-t6Y 2-t6
2-t6Y+2-20\ 2-l 2-nY

{mx{50} oti)
le600l
8Yl@c/c clc clc clc
2lJ ot 75

L.S OF FLOOR BEAM FBI -(230x4501/FB lq-1230x6001

Balcony Slab:

12Y @lOO clc

{extro rod ot top) 8Y @ 2OO clc
r$st0E FLooR sLAs

aa a 113fl
-lrzs*r,
VARIES I

STAB DETAILING FOR BALCONY

r2Y @loo
{exho rod ot topl
NSDE TLOOR

Betadl-A

68 erlur-t [Link] ooGut@ Buildirrg Engineers Hand Book

Compound Wall Type - I (Isolated Footing in other than Clayey Soil)

tIffi5 IA
f rrtArabo

ltlt IIII I

ll[l :*1X

II IT-T
tndf*Crso
f,G.l

lr *fnft&A
x
csp0$r0 rYlLL - Er,fvAllfi rc&drlI
IT
rl ol!!&In t6
tt! t, flol[tn*rlthlililEl
,.Oru!!16e*
rqjil0moil$rttlt [Link]('*ktl! -15m
mldrlrllhirt
t,r{tC6o&btrldlirtr
ie(colrLrrytili{liLld
On rr,
t,{0r'llrk2lml$U*

lt
I' +u

I te,t
I 0Mlc RaCdrnt
,w IilTUI

6f,I0[ *rr - t2i0 r ,m] lllfln&

stoun-r },.rmrrt*r&l.,f,r?rtt
k .rafrl|mKs0xlolt,
Olr{|.t{

59 o[r.-ut Olrflunonir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Compound Wall Type - 2 lunaer Reamed Pile in Clayey soil)

TIIIII
rIITIII II-IIII

*.
E
ryltcrro r*l- - F lrlrtlaat

r-l[-r
I
T
r,)x.&r
I r.&S.
arto vc
s?

I r,I
c.e

m,ll !J

:s
rlFrcltNTIIIB
plpfaoeSBrt$ATstPPffiI

r---e-t

? [Link]
s[fi ars0 rye

q
i6 - r;li

I !,
#unr
w.
ct
€ilra

\-|-1}l lrxl
OETI{TJ*S
gryrL0r"riulsQr
LSffRReATfiO pf.E
tr 'YPICALG,rfi r\l CE*TIt
GfiA0E

70 oir-ut Ounfurnonrt ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Brackets / Corbel:

Two column glittr&o lo bg

dacod n6.r ths co|bd top Otslanog botlrroon bearing edgg
and ingldo of bat to be a minimum
ot bor dla or o,75, qover, whlchever
iB graator

-1

--4
E(!
OQ
-o
8.66
3E
EF
E
o
I
5

Conrpreorion
anchorage

Scction BB
Flg. 21.4c Reinforcement drariag of corbels when uslng l$mm dlrmetcr or more * t-ll
whlch
tenritc reinforoement {i Main tensile barsi 2. Horlzontet llnks, totrl arca ol
should not br tess thrn O25 olares of mcln teusile relnforceocnt; 3. Compresslol
bens, total erer of which should not bc less than lfi)0 mu*/metre wldtb of corlel;
4. Extra binders).

7L ciur-t [Link] cocGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Slabless Staircase - Waist Slab Detailing

Main

Doglegged Staircase

o@
I ,L:U!
]-t
I

t1

st Ia SYe2OrC/C {s*.)
t t l2Yt lmC&(,rd tr..t}

?
! IL---+.rr*
I
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E
emcrct&rl)
O0C/C(''dr,ar)

0Ye20crc rtmk)
m-{2J0lS} irsE- ls2ull
nfrEAD- 30$t[

SIAIR CASS PLAN

RRST ftEHi AND SECOND FUGHT

72 eiu-i [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Helicoidal Staircase

.0r

s "fiY

riY

0Y0ss
{ [Link]{fisi$wATt,|0sPAt'l

i
I

CIrll{l
fi

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CS S IIAIST SI,A8 AI SUPPffiT

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PUfi 0r IHE tfiLrCAtSIilmSit

Concealed Beam within the FIoor slab

o
()
<,

CONCIALED BEAM * 1000 X 125mm

1000
TOP : 3-16Y
3-16Y
BOTTOii: 6-15Y
ta

L 8# @ 150 clc - SfiRRUPS

15Y
2L-8Y@1s0 gC

TYPICAL CR055 grfitor{ Or C&tCrALeO BEA}a

73 orlur-t [Link] f,DoGurO Building Engineers Hand Book

 6lungl6unor Gomou ofloUrii qidhiqo6il
Specifications for Works

o
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I
7
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to
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q-/

[Link] O{fiureft 16&l@ Building Engineers Hand Book

oon6 grumfu@JiEril)
g. ooanrfldr gmoloori tq06gd qiol6 Eulrnt Ga[r5t E6gd (Marking & Setting out)
amldonct Lorufr Gloli@ril Garrrro Glgnurirgrb Uan goS$lctr E-ntrn r]otr, g,oum@, G1eg, lgioru a,oniroat
lgge$[Link] g4tqptu@561 aBgG Gleriu Goann@rb. roqfr gl@di(gronrmno0 ooor&snot uuug$lgg
dtl 30 Gle.r.f ggpri arornrJ Gorlgr-fln 6r6lfiigt g4uqpuu@gg Garmr@rir.
Gr-ogurir udr,rpru silrdoot,
Goa5l, gamnffi (ggru, r-6lan orir-ll, o
loldfr (gpmir rlGgg1dr @15uCIorr
Glungur5lotl e-oton Glun$hunonrioaflot 4gGoncooaru5lafr ug g{tqpuu@ggGorn rang$l Gorgr u6orb (g)
Glanofi@ GlociroGorn Garcum@6. GlgrotrGlun6ai $lananol{i Clomanniroat 9ar65160 orufr-Slulrirulunotr
gqor$anpu unglan6lgrh Glun6i@ pr-zug*ore n@&o Gooufi@rn.

gal66l6ut [Link], Garoo Glgnr-nilgrb glair rauu g4onqooi 6r@fi$ gl6nq qgge$gucut a-@gono
t-otlt- gtolrdr.t qdigoSSloJt u6lo{ Glcrtrutur- Gorrurn@rb. o-pollt GlunSlunonfr (gil6 er@6ouur'u
r-oiu gqonoloat o-geflti Oeru;ft Oungflruronri grorb crflunfirq Ocrirurtuu Garsun@rir.
1. grl6lrof@o6r [Link] g6gct, 619rr-r? or-@ranan3g$frenor gggtuotLurrsur Glcurotr g6nofi@t
o1g;ollooflai [Link] Gurg o$u$lri gag;oroonrii qopgg 6lerirqrb glriugfiorp edl56l155Edt'
GarunGlrb.

2. Gornnou5lmr? gofanuoourri GlunE$g gcirallu gl6rrol Gomnn@rb. 'Ertrn5hu3lgtl$anfl,r [Link]@"

("Economy of Accuracy'') Goranou5lni guiiCluL3igtorg6u,gt OunEtggl 6l6E1diclono,ion Garou&@rb.

flrd,,a: gqanudo [Link] r-orur 150 [Link] er@6o 1gdlusl$lfr Gung; 5 ril.r-f armru gotrc6lulb unf6o6 {rLLrrgt.
3. glg lrDOIt uggflGo:anru efluno o-ononcog
Gpnr-r?gg ooumonouoflgElrh rllg Goanori@Ji f
'fr
pcrucUoon Glon@$g&6onarr@rb 0O6o t-
Goam@6. g6rro{di lgridoon poriggflqrir,
@<Urq urnDg6r,xr.I unfligl
(Sight rails) ran$$lu{6 ponpi$lqrh (traveller)
eflurnour gqonqoon Lf6er$t6 grytur-Gomfr@6.

4. arooryuugpflo5lg$gt g16n$g Gcndromrg Eo8rifigl

oilor g4onopoi uruanu@g$qd ooumrid@ t'
Gertgrb g$lur5h- Gooun@rir. [Link]$g glrnf,Dou
g6rJb$l6rt g4onqdg& erflunrtg$u Golofi@rn.

5. g16lrcl#16o0rr flrtcmruSkio 61rrljgl8 tgdluf@ (Bench Mark) Garooriugpfkiig OoraflGu gl6ur

a*igGu: tEdlEgt oru6o Gooum@ri. $lcitonaShiunctr o*@gonnn ollorniroot Lf66rGI6 $grbur+ Glerig
$ur-$$lrufr Gculdrunri@d snori gariofltGunglb.
6 goonnquugiang grgc6loir erflunir$E oli@rannn gporr-oiq ororytuuJiifiIdr o-otong Gunrtr gon$$otr
Gungi$grClpgn aont unfi*a Garnn@rb. g$Gurg g-ot6,r firfi,o, Guruiru@dr Effs)al, orl-r-ril uCIU6
6gr Slanotunor oi@[Link] @Edlur dpuurbcnicat gnnnangiglrb crflurn6otur- Gomi,@rir.
7 r-oiu ggonaflari'Gungrir On g$gdl6,"r5la5lOogt p,ort'$$lqfr ( Traverse) rorgg $orullrtr pflgrburi
Glonmi,@ofiSr tg+titg6 ugurrftr Oourtr efhunmrgt g$€[Link] Geriru:tu@rbGung 6lgu@6 EflDg
fllir8rdi6ononqgrb g[6,rrq{igon @19&o Gorarr@rb.

75 ctll.t-t Orrfirr* oc&r@ Building Engineers Hand Book

g,. Gue$umii q[g16 aox-enctr elom6gdt
'1. gogoog& c$dlgJd' gfronoSlo rar-r- g$luf@ (TBM) gloruBo Garmr@rb. $h-nirooron$ Ggfrq Gtrrua:g
gourlg Glgrflqrb ugqrb $lr1;!gr1r-onan p$ennsla uorlu6 @6luf@ (TBM) 6ttgggd[) Gonni,Grir. pfrenorSle
r-oiud gdluflst arun66h-@ orlg$lorori;aqrb. gfranaSlo rnrlld gdlufG ar5r[ouur [Link]- gdlufigSg
[Link] 6t$dl, $logqonoru (Survey of lndia)-ern gurrnfl$g amr[uupjroofldl<UfE
o@6otuL-r-gno Sl6ti;o Goarr@rir.

2. Gluflu g6na5l5tr Glour-uu@rir 6tr66lot 5 r-frluiSlorr-Gloraflullrtr air-rb (Grid) gqanr-odio Gorrfr6l6.

gooryloir-t endoraqt, Gro$l ueir6il6 e-onongnoa;rb $lgurllour 3 dir-i @anr-Gtaraflufld or-r-6 (Grid)
gl6ur$gst r-6lori erfhunongno @15riio arroa GlorirBfll Goram@rb.

3. Goann:g tral5dlft air-r- oreoryur-gpflcutug gt6rra.t gSluf@aat Uggglflrur ugdl ugdlurne ucuft
Glotug cr@&oiuu Gorcu*$t6.

4. 6loSg+ fanry argrbo urirq roorgg GloroflGuLfiErrb $lurn ooflgno ggu1gt oonouilcir 6l@gg6i)
Gamfi@rb. Ggooorulnrm olloruniroot 6logE+ frror}-rb, r.oenp0urirg ono6, Ooloinr r-oiu glonqeort
Gunru?panar ooo$$l6d;o Gorofi Orb.

5. 1.20 r-fiugrig Guotr [Link] GlofL-uu@rbGung u6ooni@ rflqoon(Shore Slopes) gqoiogl [Link]
uggfl erflurnraetr $l6ri;o o Or$ Glcrlrrutur Gormr@6.

G. [Link] @u.r$$uniroon uu:nnu$lSigrir GunE G'oronil 916l1et{, Gorroo$$lpan gtq Ggnriier}uu

Gootr@6.

7. rgfluran omp5p rflpg 6ll16fl6i, roomr OcuL-@rb Garmro gallidierlur Goani'@rn. ollon6g Gloraflicrir
6ttUti;pn$6 rfluno rarir-rb Ggrflunr-oc[ porCIt 6lfiuL.i e'O6. 6luq [Link]@rir Gorooo
unglonriunnnglrir g4oto.

8. g$anoslo rorlu& g$lufigaslg$,gd r-oriu gqonqoon grorb eflunor ggprir Gloug n@uuang e-Egfl
Glcrtur Goroufi@tb.

g. ururn Oolr-tu@otgrh $lriruuuL- Gormrgugrir truuns e-onongno$ p6ltiur-fh-uur- Goowr$rrb.

roeufi Glaroflu5l^Slfg$g1 6onani,@ or15ar$ s,Glget 6leoq ercutugnct u-@torruramnfi gotlrtdofruu
Gorrufr@tit.

[Link] Glun$luronfr GEorouulnem gsgdt Oaliutuir-grb €$rirq Ocriru Gormfi@rn. rllanorrrf

Oou@uugpf,lqd, o-ranguno 6lppg utgdlu+b Ecoonrumr-r? (blinder) Glonourn@ grgroo6o Gormn@6.

l [Link] unanpeorond 6r6E g1gSg arbr-orig (Compressed Air Jack-hammer) Ooncu*@

Glour-g or@6ouur- Gorum@6. Glon$pflrqrb, Glougulrb rr@*oonrir. Glog rntDEE morggt pofrtiugl
goBEE [Link] galliri;a[rur- Gorufi@rir.

[Link] o(Dggt g:orir gefrg0g@riotuu Gorrum@[Link], eilu enotEt Ou$p guu$gBonrfh-rir

gtuanr-$gt Ggorau:ncor gdnong$ Shiono Bullggtrb Glupuut- GocunrGlrir. ar-@uu@gfi5uuir- Ooug
6oarggt grai o&crfldroa guo:g*roo gqanan$g1ir er@tiauur Gorm&@6. 6lory roor6grb Goroo
ofionror Garroo Ogrunir1golgfrg U6fi Glerirutur- Gomfi@6.
13.g6ufi6uufii orguugfronan rlfrun@ooi uofi [Link]-L-riu@rir u@6lu5l6tt nrrirGtonirGo 6logg+ frrair-rb
o-onnrGgn gnn@ [Link] Gorun@6.

1a.$logggullci: 6ll16g[Lono Gunr--tui@onon Slour.-r-66l019 d$ Ocoirgurn orb0 oruniroot (UG Cable

OFC), Eani,affi, ogfloUfr gpn0aai ulDgltrir GlgnoroGudl ori8oon e-oton @r-nicon 1g$ldiotuu
Goru*@rb. S)ooorurno:$6ntrrqlir Glofuuuir- g$laooon qg@rborcon ungtondo Gooun@6.

76 crj.r-dr Ondrurarn oE&uO Buitding Engineers Hand Book

0. laali dufrqpid qiufib O6l-crr.r@6ga)
EF{n:qilfi#
1. guqg5t, g4afl6otuiu urniannrrGu douur$lf' 6lruu uuoutu6l6g ,ffi
Gormr@ui. Liquid Limit 65% rotrOttir Plasticity lndex 35% dirg
Gr-oglonon ucomrooror uunnu@$g6 slLrgl. ooflurum 6u6D6
r-ocuu?rooun6 Glonoufr@ Slrrtq*gr gollirBouur- Gocurn@rb. r i a
l"\
t T
2. 150 [Link]. 2-urrrg6lp19 r-6lenuclt g4@6e@tiionad; Glenr-gd +-;
Glor guu@gigett Goloufi @6. ,+
:
E
Oar-guu@$g [Link]:nffi 6lur66lrti r-oounouflat [Link];1g opo I
tj
Ggirq 6lcriru:tur- Gomw@6.

Ocr:+rr@i6lrn Ourffi&orarcecri Slgl,iiStflrrr tfid' ggunen uari f,tnrn urd,

gea?coir gorfroci
(Type of Compaction PIant)

G}aet c&or !D-(D6D6r

Glun6$gLorourgl Clunrm&sronrrrsr Glun6gigr.o$grgr

(Smooth wheeled roller)

orpp1g5tr ryriurt e-16oror 6lunOEgurang Glun6$gu$pg

Glur6$gmroog;
Pneumatic tyred roller
g$fretru@ri' e-Oourolr 6lurqsigrDtitpgl Ounlg$guonourgl Ourlg$gunorg
(Vibratory roller)

grdnesug Glougtu@$ggdt GlunO$gu$pgl Our@Jigmnangl Glunlg$gronangl

(Vibratory compact)

3. $lano gnnpsot e-6lr6lr mmi, ei@[Link] Oun6on

snlEg$t, c$Ggopi$lSgflur, gnourns di'f CIgd;grir
Glunlgot, Gluotmuunnn oafluomi, Gganotiiq [Link]
ggpfloranan fr e-$lqiarb nqgronon r-oourn 6la,p-p
L6'6u,r@f' Slr;tqorgp gt [Link]@$gd a*urgr.
4. go$615t! Oar-guu@$griurir- r-oomrouoflmr gLfrfi$l
(density) 95Yo a*ofr$lom etg$g6 glEfiloulatir €

Glur$luronrflour eldlalmrullourug. osrtu:nat ugEgt M

Gun@rb grot 10 [Link]-r? $lorr-Gooflullcir Gengooom Oertu.r
Gooun@rn. gogdl6rfr Oorig$goteou edlur uouureir
ron$fl uuntu@$gor6.
Gun@rb Gergooan groop
5. Glor-gurno @citong ug$ raourinneum Gtouig 61616gt Go:Et uormr Gganoruu@rb uu4$pflet 6I0q6DLugl
gn6nr ooutE Gcnganan gmrb cflunido Goomr@ri.
6. Gouano OgnurJrgfi grnr Slouro gotsor-o mDUt gcory roiurb (gq) oanuon5b gg Lorl-rb (gl) roouur
oaoruilnn Groct u[16, [Link] gg1{itg Oor-@ gl6n6U, u6aornir-rb (Slope) glgaSluan
sflunrtdstur Goour@rb.
7. r-oofrroom OotL-g ooorJ g4anu6lgrb Gungt, 6koog go?oor-odanan orrir-rb (Slope) Ent$dlfi, FluuL
Gocufr@6. c$GEorir q$urir-noir pflL-ru Glun$huncnri ggGonoooon GIuDE n@seturir- grganot u$q
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eSonorrullsut Eoiroru S)o$anpri GurglgGg [Link].
) g&6lur-ona unrtdo Goomrgu gShiqoni, orirrJloot
Ugoll6tt ror-nir1g dun,b (End bearing) Ggorotruror
[Link] fonrb (Development Length).
D q$ororry Gunr- qgrrrirrSiluug$1gc c0$ Uoiuno 196lcorr
erirr$llchair) morgg piutugnctr Grortrraiu e-gr$lggr-gd;
arbrlloon un$dotuunrodr $)g6e Gomi,@rn.
) GlooflGur friuuuug15&1grb orir-lloot, gpui, olhlurir
rrp4tri gonrb ggdlurarydlc0 rrflu:noqrir Gungpnargroo$r
ratongn oran& elflunf6ofrur- Goamr@b.
> gorJijdl$Enon o-g$lgSugri orb8oot orgamrouqt Gun1flhunonri sflunrt$g1 osonorry Gun@rb groi
goirGlarg Gororo6qgrir of,eirgl arpnio Gooufr@6.
) e-g6$gy-g6 arb8oot rflo 6g6riiomno qoton $r-nireanon& aig& onig orirr-ll g4orratmru ron$fl
ooflgnot qgrh oourounrh Gleriu: Gorod$lrb.

83 orl-ut [Link] aooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 l

,,1 rl

> g@Sg$rggt g-oron orb8oofleb Gcnntgsgit @nnr-Glorofl Cryro @rg,i- Sonu6oofli arbCIaot
i;,,;i
';,r ii
ll

(Spacer Bar) [Link]@$gtur- Gomfi@6.

) or-@rii orbr9oot orlg UgtrE L5l6ui glanouroot er:utouns [Link] allutuu Gorrmr@rb.

Ooofluqprb dri+dr Oornrr@ $l6tia6 [Link]

) Gorano a$granoqrir, oranr;tur.-p$louiugqrb, Ogoflqmrryuugqrb sflurno CIO,i,o Goam@dr.
c-gaflt Glunnflruronfr o-E$lggr-@ri orirr-S| Gooooanu GroSunioruullr- Golarr$trb.

gflo q6t6l Gcriru gldrol 6popoort:

1. arb8 [Link])unonrt grtQarrlg oryriigtigl o1$lGrunCki@rir Gung cnotEt opniro Garanr@rb.

2. arorryur-$gflorr ug " Ergflp5r-gri orbdloofr Eairu6prlur- GarounGlrir.

3. 6Enig gn1ilo;u ug$oot (Sunken)
4. gculaldli ollrl-rir (lnverted beam)
5. grarroat
6. @oouGlor#l ollctromooi (Cover block)
7. orbr-5| $ororru4Slurb arnrirtq o-onon @r-nioofldr orflunirioolb.
8. or-@ti orirr-fl erflunirioo;rir - S)ooourtq Cryne or}-tui@oiongn?
9. gdlorrdr orh8qrb gpE Gororo qgr-ecn gur-oniu$pf,lanrc$ pei$E o-cnongn nnilug16 crflumt*atuu
Gom;@rb.
.

10. girrrroai gnstgri [email protected],g crflurri6orluu Gorrun@rir, ryeur'rrb, g11.ig6 qgdnrT@ f,DorJilgt gnnirgtb
,i!
uoto)6 rarir-$pflannn uo $uniloaflfi eiflunrtriioqrb.
,; ti

11. c-tu'flnDo (Balcony) uggtb 6Er ugdlooflilr Oorofl pfrir-uur-g1g,it+n qgr$Urrig orir8ooi rcrniurir .1
x

olortrEt o$onro[*g grrurguro r-llatgrb Sannnrurna eflurn?*otur- Garcufi@rb. E]rnir(g glu@oon r'1

erflunrtdofrur- Gorcun@rir.

12. [Link] fir-turggrigrb (Dowels) orbr-llcot [Link] oannonfldanoqtir, ordlanu*lgrb,

ey$u o-otongn onn& crflunf&oqrb. EorLurf,rg (g) ug{isri@oon g4otrogl o-tufloro (Balconies)
Gclgrfh-nireon Clorofl fr:@ti orirr-lleon orgoenuotq Glun$[Link] grorb o1j;snanry Gun@orad1g glf,fr
€$titq [Link]- Garwr@6. :

ll

. ,!1
!
l

84 erir-tr Arrdure* oECnrGl Building Engineers Hand Book

o$onanl
gofrGhlngioort (l n g red ie nts)
g. S0ucrnr:
) Glurgflurnonri urfl$grorrl O6ug Glun@6pr-onrm Su6 e-6r6n fl
C|G}.oarrr- urur#u@gpflu Goarr@rn. 6EE Cl0locmrr-
lS: 456 - 2000 619 e-uurL-gro $)6riieGalrufi@6.
F gunfltun6ri cnatEr goir6'lo.rn6 Glgn1961 all$lGrunog$lsgrir
F$& erout$lg$ @ourrundorllur- Goann@rir,
gts rangg$lggort S0rorunoor-rl
gu-rnrfl$p Gg$lulalltEliigt
urururu@$$u Garom@rir.
F dr-pndcfi 96 orflaneuSlot 10 grianu o-urryg$frg Gurtr gstddl
ooo16o6 sLLrgt. aoSflor5l15ggir 1 r-frir-rt $larr-Glorofl oSlu@ nryrb
7;F
gn6anrr-octr ungun6o Gocrur$til nry$goflant allgorrir ooutuanp6 o6$l uno$l$an (Polythene) r-nrir
r.fg1 griroL-oanon 91@6o Gomfi@ril
F geirGarng ugpflune Glupturir- Cl6hoanir- acmrr-SlgE grgatl6b or5p6r,g glgatlfi) uruooru@3fipflu
Goru&@rir.
) goirGorg ugpflu:no Gluptuir- ClGlormrrorr- g6r66lft, Consistency, Setting time, strength
qygoflurallbE1ri;g& Gengroan Glc0pflr- Gocun@rn.

€b. odronor cddoori

F e-Ergflg5ur-tuir- o$anoory (RCC) Goanodg Glurfhu cetrc6l lS: 383 DOU6 tS: 2386-cui u9 g4$ouic
gt6lrot 20 [Link] g5,i1g{i q6opolrrrr 6ltg,ir* Gorrmr@ri.
) Slanor glitonndouir- o$orn, gGrrl, uenobri, quarry-a5lg$g Oupuuu Gcuoun@rh. Gar$u5husir
Ounlgr-oot oor*ormgtri, e-(D6D6IT (g{) g}dGonowrroron gryorb rofrEtr Oaroflu Qunlgioot [Link]
[Link] Gorofi@6. sl$ $onllniront o-oouu:Enoq6, [Link], grimrr-unoqrb $lg6etio,unEl
> ClEr gtaatccnnon uoumstr 2.6 - 3.2 [Link] [Link] e-ot6rr FM (Finest Modulus) oramuotr r-oom 5%
rgofpSdlD€i Gr-ootr $lrtronroglrir, o-riq ugotb [Link] EttU6gri, Gooum@rir. gfltr-!I-r- nritq
oilroe(Specific Gravity) 2.6d;q d$ o-onrnrogu uruanu@3gg& a*rng1
> gndl $l6ur5kui m6un6oal gcmrmfr oI[-@ gl;odlur-llsfr [Link]$l$gi Garoufi@rb. raouurdr, @nnar goryoat
6lgitr6l6talru5t 6ltf .ir* Goofr @rn.

[Link]
> Oarraffi' a$Eronoqrir, ercun6arnir uale, gr;dlorir onfi Oun6ioai um$fr $ooo gang Stc$onr.og4ir
[Link] Gonnn@6.
) gguuggtg L6!58 gcurcmfoory ogonmrq&gt [Link]@gpflr- Ga:eun@ti, $t €gppq6 (curing)
uruotu@Jigomb.
> lS 456-2000 -6tt g$lur5ih-r- orflblllfrtgoft Glorigt Glunglioot (TDS) e-6r6rfl,rorn ercurtunft*eqfr.

r. Admixtures (Golflrflurdr so-[@$ oeroor6ai)

) onnidlfi- gu.rnrflu8ot Ggomru:nnn Gor$u5lu:dl a-r-@6 5al6)5u66ut6nri uu:otu@gfp Gooft@rir.
F uuemu@$grlrb gtonol @r.-dr, Gcngornn allorurir ggdluor$rogg Ogoflolnos CtEflp$lfgdia Gorourn@rb.
) Accelerators, Retarders, Plasticizer, lntegral-water proofing compound are the additives
commonly used.

orl-r-fr q{drffirri lECtlCt Building Engineers Hand Book

F Gorpflu5luotr Glunlgrieon, uurouiu@$gri tgot etpefr ononorpf'l (Expiry Date) g$@tb Gp$lu5lanrm&
eiflunrt$g dloirrurGr [Link]@$g Gotowt@6.
olionoor gurrrfltgril tgm gtg6ur grruu Ounlgrioonnrur [Link]], uoourcit, agnirodr ectrsr5|, " @r6lUSLGl{i
o66l , gflRnflnfr glgs6huan urflGengaaan e,L$dlp1g ggltfl gry urflGenganour Glcrirg enai$lg$ G'luptuu
Goamr@trh. o$onoou gl56lir on5loruo gsurcor-odg 6I0u U6ur$ allplono r5ilfl6euu@6lpg. gl6ulor

) crgnqmur o$oronry M10 gryot M20 orrory

F [Link] cfitonolfi M25 gtgotr M50 a:ootl

) ercflorofloom ril&o o$onany M60 glSot M80 oror
s$onourr ran$tfloat 150 6ld 66uregt[Edl5b er@ti;oturi@ 28-ogt pnoflotr gg6ur omlloou Gergroon
grgo{56o6n Glancurn@ aroootu@$puu@4lpgr.

spqqmlIE ff)apq[
g. go6ddr [Link]
) Ggrmarurnnr glcrrt Ounqioot Clupidloil e-aronang Lgtdl 6lelrurqrb. gr;gnogrt, dlG[aorr[, srU56l,
uourcU, glrurorrfr D0Ei6 Ga$ullu:rilr {Bcrtf,noi Gunnirgroor e@ EIr6Ir Gatano&€i$ GgmarurnorE.
) gfln:tug$@ grc$allu: g6nof@ (Calibration) [Link] efrUoop [Link] onirugrb gftnlgl
oorr-ul[-@6 oo6grb 6tu.Ui6lrrb uurcoiu@$gdkltplgn?
F cfrgurn rftumrSildr Ggororunnn g6'nr6trfifl6tt 25o/o [Link] rqbd 3- grorp a$pri'Oculuq6.
) Glurgtorne, 2U25 cfluur? pi6urarfrT 1 gdoou dG[orunu6g urfl$gmrriouu@tir. cciroil, raoorallot
rdrugrb gqotoltGun5; clflunli$gr8 Glononon Gonnn@tit.
D ggtuir (Hopper) otr Z unirg cotrcrSlqri % uwtg r-oarrgd Gunr- Gocnn@rb. OgGfi rfg Gpoournor i

[Link]- Gtanigt urrtrllalh-qrb. flar?rmfr Yz uwg roorrgpir 66 V, unirg ectrdlqrir [Link]@rb.

l:

,,,,1
,ri
@grGunotg oarEgt fuunuflsir(Drum) Glonr-gurqunfr rf$l$ sdrmfror smflp Goom@6. :,li
iil
F rltunrir (Drum) 1goDDDSgt 1 % - 2 $tflunimon a$9 Gomfrr@rb. rltunrir cggtorgt Srir $hfludi$lfbg ,1

15-20 qbg e$96.

D r.6lroor$igu.r Gopfl Glgo$l @on8dl (Superplasticizer) Geliriupno $15ggn,ilr, Snrld'rfr gg c6lur-i
g6rryrolrr6 oo$p Ga:nm@rb. Gpaoorunan GorgflGlungon parrasfrflclr potg ao$gofluo$r. rftun0 grt
:'l

fhllurh apdlu.r CIodrccnfipqrir. GopflGlunOat oogst ro6dlul5loi rftun0 1gEUtCIESSl gO 6hft-6 adrdl
g6drg ao$$oflir-ang' Or$lGleGruo$.

e@ o6rr rfir-ri ogonaDrlrt@ Ggruroriu@rir lgrop;iguuc [Link]- #p Glon@&oturi@oironar.

fft! odmo grprq odouflrfr grpq geplhu-c tfl6lnft]

ZpnCcg6q: rffi Apr[aqD61Elit ctroo
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) 'fai 616 anf-ug&rg
Mro 7 10 220 dlGon

Mrs 10 15 280 ClGon

Mzo 13.s 20 320 ClGon

Mzs 17 25 360 dlGon

Mso 20 30 390 SlGon

F rgr$lg5r-utuiu osenrog (RCC) Goano619 5ryrir M20 ttO #p [email protected] sLLrE . :;:
) o$onnry oo$gr5lair % uloffl Gprfid$rgoi uuratuGlliidl 6sugiu@$5dt Gotd@6.

86 or}-ut Orrflurcrn oGCurO Building Engineers Hand Book

> O19 Gra$unioooulnflroor ertGungfr 5al6oor oorigrf[-$$lctr
Slgrio& Oedru [Link]@rb.
noru @u$p6lr osornnry$ purnrflBo $lu:ong @uniroofleb g6no{ alldlgncnr orpBoranan gmnpullstr
oponrorr gurnfl$E uunru@$gonrb. gcir0orn15 Umpu+b gu:rfL*;otu@rb ofonangullotr uruouiu$lliigrir
qgrorlGlurlgiooflctr 6l$qmr-u.r gr;pfl ouic GorEun@oon

* [Link]- 8% ogofgrb

* r-oomrotr6%cgofgril

* algniootr cctrall 5% cgofgrb

gollrtBo (ggurrg g$Slooou5lotr ms6 oalamrurno grunrfl6orlu@rb o$enorryu5ldr lOYo egalg
ClGluani,r- a-@gone GcfrBotur- Gocmr@rir.

q. Surrho qicrclut 6o10o Batching Plant Mix (RMG)

) gryrmcur $lEuorang$lailg,fr,g grmflu:nirdl ofronanry
I
oorigrflu$$kflrgligt (Batching Plant)-ggurgg o$cnoorr
GluEog$g gotgurfloora g4ofl6o Gormr@6. genpgguirrir
30 o.r-f / e@ omfl Gg[66109 gunft Gleurgrrrb Gun$ur
€{6rro{6urLul 65no}du Glonorr@ 6crilg1rir eflfrd;l H
}
(Transit Mixer ) 6Cry,i- Goamr@rb.
a$onorry allflGuurorir Gcriru4ir urlgu.ro6lctr g1ttti, glffio{,
gurnftioriurir- G5rrir, Gor$i Glungon uuotu@$pflu glflro{,
E
uurcou@$pflur gl$ Glungioat rrf,DL ollarut [Link]
lgSlu8utur-O 6l15{io Goarr@rir.
) e$onorry Ear$gt 3 raarfl Cfrr66l$19 Guonan ofrornnryooru
61066 oLLrr51
F o$onnnr gumfldiotu@rir @ug$ailgggr Gun@,b Or-56lfitg
gggfloflcurryzuno Glonoum@ Gefr6otur- Gonni,@rb.
Ogrrtgrorir
afienanryuSlot grou6ungrleof CIrflEg; erll$t6 6l-ar
pollisouu@rb.
F gont Glur$lunonflrm 91191r!61 $[Link] gowroruffifir, #sA
dlGhorurnGun, Got$tGlungGcnn 66rffr$tt Gcir$Erri oo6o6
sLLII,$|.
&e:
> e-Etdlgiuuurir-(RMC) ofroranryullaf urfl$,gorryriorlrurir-
urflq $lpiiorir (Slump) 10 [Link] - 12S [Link].
>
>
@aopt8ullctr [Link]$lroo dl6}-oani,u unet (Rich Cement Slurry)
1 gnlanu 6lrgrgdl ggnuflon e-iqprir mryiucme or$u$tJbgo{rb.
gGliig trcuf'Dol orlgriroranry gpnrireoflcir glmLULl qduunuctr OO.i* gSGung
b
g@rir aoanar Glonnnfr,@
Oedgrb oor?pfl (transit mixer) Glgrurt$g; Glsucituu Gorann@rn. glenr-ioou golliriia pflryor Sloooulletr
o-otcn foo6 GloroflGurgfl pfrq onrunqrb.
) o$onoory Gun@rb GurE lgpnullot lyooanoru.r 135o riilg [Link] oranorBo Gorarrunrir.
) oig grgtiotuir- u1g$utldtr Ggugune 19gnd, grotb Oonur--nraob gri@ racmr0al-grout uunnu@$pfl
Guni@ ogonorry Gunuiur- Gord@rb.
[Link]
F gqrutanpu.r Gonno tp+ggEtb ggnrirdgot o-onon .$!bor6u)l16our cggrir Gcurut Ocg$grb
6ltU,b,{ u$gl
r.6kiiooarnn$gltur GcA$griur- [Link]@rb. ggoriClurrano Sl6ggrc[ urlrrrargl gtguL Gpfl@rb.
> ggdlcludp uarflunoroory ggrdroanon $loomr6o [Link]$gqrb. gqarrioon Gomuonoolt,
a$[Link], ungortuneqrb Glcurctru@ofr.
F o$onanryorur Gun@rb / 6lonr-@rb Goono glgfigqu6ui @orgtqti; gprntoat oDotggt ofioranry
Glonrigu.r Or-prog cggt Gcuruqrir.

87 ariuir Oqftrs* 06Cn@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 I
0. eionou Gur@g0dt O6L.c0u@j,g,Et[b
il

> 4.50 d dsn66l6g Gr-oonoqri 45o riig Gr-octr enriolnoolb

endraflq (Chutes) o$onanq Gunr uuotu$tdipd &LLrg1 !l ..: l
I
F Ggrooruncnr e-urryrb /
a$cnrory Gunr-@ gdlfrey-r*
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uuariu@$$l E-onGon 6lfU,irrg,i, enlbE; OooflGurErirug il

GlerIlurq6.

> Ugdldt' orll-ug$lc[r o1ftonanu Gunr'u r5iloft gonriuoo$dl,il)

GunutulGoG,uIOtit.
) gaiGu Guniu osonorytiilglir qdlono Gur@rb a1fioneory

9LOG otourarrrb GlerirurGorowr@t.

F oSonory Glenir-iu@ogt 44pflouia g-urllrir

1.50 r-friulgriig e-otcnnoqrb,'ErdU,[O erirrSlooflgtrb,

gnnirqguooroooflair floroqrb E6rtE$ [Link] urlt6$r*i
Gonotcn Gorni,@rb. o6onory Gunrirquor g$tiefLgf,Dur
(vibrator) uurruriu@$$ Glougiru@$g (compact) Gomfr@ti'.
Ggorortiig gg$oona gdlfre$ugdlan eruggfi EII tLLrE
gor56l6it Gunutulil- o$snror Er6urr6 OgrOorfli1g1grftn
(lnitial Setting)edlielL+ grorir Oguoii Gedrur Goam@6.
.i

D @orouurdigr6I-rb gft [Link]$$l$grb [Link][ ggClullg$grctr

il:,
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,ri,
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gunrfhiunonrflair Glcu:rirglanptug 6euruo$. .

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F elfiaarGo Gurr-tuit- o$onoryqurui gfiGurgr Gun@rb :. ;

o$onoog $orounqdL$$lcil dGlraoni,i unctr 2 6lGon /[Link]

crofp afE$$lotr uoryru o$enang [Link] *lbdl o$onoryour
ii
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2 gl$ltiono Gurltuu Gonnn@6.

) grrum, al[1u6, gonirunta ror]r-piooflc[ o$ananryullo,? [Link]-rir ofrororg Gototo GgrLnn€,dgDafr

gfkiiotuu Gomnn@6.

> ger66l6rt r-or}-rb o$onorrJ Gun@rir GurE rarlr-t or-@rb orEE (Line dori) grcogu$grn r.o[t-
gqonqriiogoll grorir crf'lunirr*oqrir.
! olgniodr edralluSlnfr gldrol g,El6lE]L+6 orb8ooflor @nnu0oofl, c;bonanr Gun@rb ug$orurt
GlungrgiE gdhe|'-@6 e-flu arbril (Vibrator Needle) uruatu@sg God@rb. gnruroaflorn gggL0
(Footing) 60 6h.f gdlfiesr-g needle, p6n66lp19 40 L6h.f needle, starter, dldutiltslggr$lg 25mm
needle. gngflrieiugoon Gomir 1O0OO RPM Ggoruurran gn$lfqooi rou@6 GunErb g4pf,lofrugurnan
efffl fr qo6lr gallfi riiatur- Gorun@6.

88 dr-ut [Link] oaGu(D Building Engineers Hand Book

D raudiououn*oooond Oonrun@ uurb gig o$onanr [Link]-flcil [Link]- unotr r.6lg;!E oglirug Glerirur

Gorrmr@rir.

) Ocatr-rfldir rf$ Cgdlg$ dUfE af;onroq gtoonoooon o$onory Garom tp+Egg1tr cggrb Glerirur

Gamni,@rb.

) [Link] 196ltL5lu@onrnarg Genn1g$gr E-ut66l5i) oi@[Link] Seoourtq (Construction Joint)

oilu Gorarr@l6.
> gdlfteiLg @uL6quodolu+b, Oon$gannroryqrb g15nirCla,ramggt ogarorq oriBlgrb Gorcg$lSg
Gleur$uu& Glcriu.r Goomr@rb.

F noilon Glemtr-flpi urtrld;oon ofianmrry Gun@rbgran mrtu@64 gru&cuufr e-frlqlcororg lgorp6e

GolofiG[b.

) Oariru flano g$eule Oolturir 380C rig Grogurb , goop$guict 4.50 C rig dlgrb o-aton giu
6llortu $lanoullcir +lbsnorq Gun@org1 q$qmr-ug g6tar. g6uur6r#(5ritg ggutlctr Gurutu@rb oDonanr
e-rfhu o15ollsanon uu:mtuGr$d [Link] gorg$puL-erir 350 SlGon/[Link](g 6r6urp ofg5dlri, Gurriul-
Go:oufr@6.

F or-ct [Link] #p o$onroq Gunltul- Gooun@rnn6'0rrob M35 orglor-o6g Grnrir gr6rt

Gunr-tur-Gor6un@ft. Slag or Pozzolana Cl6hooni,u ururutu@$gorgt [Link] Gunatp ar-dr flgdg
dti.i, oi@Llnand oriltul $luanpoanr glcufr onri$g osoranry orilanmtqeanon Ooofluqprb
grfgd,c (gX) silico - fluoride $6a g+ggt uuranu@$Eonrb.
F adenory Gamro Ognr-nirgrir grot ooor-enct ug$ Looum ro$Errb gefln6wfml1 urflGcn$l$g1 Sulphate

topgtb Chloride g4g1r-opfl6otuL-r- gl6no{ e-onongn 6TGUr ocumr-fluriur- Goom@rir. gtug

$lctrmro0uoflstr, ururutu@$gpb CIG[-oofr- oroooulloran Sulphate 6rdn Oonotqgrb $lpmfr rfldio
dG[aomr- [Link]@$g Ga:rofi@rir. qgr$lsr-Gl [Link] a$snrouullotr ururutu@ggfr Gung gong$guierir
M25 prr$org Ggrtol Ocdrur Gorufr@rb . OPC Cl0rooungrir g4gflouicrano 35% cgofgrh enrbuctr sal5gl

uurodrr-r$)$gorrb. qgdlgy-61 fi6l$Emtanr.o (Elongation) 5.65VI 0<UEg6ir E6rt@.

orbrllu5leufr

A- orir8u5loui 19$rit19 Glor@uuqtq. TMT o6r-floaflan fidl$goilorw 14.5% tiig Guctr ts<gggot,
Gourufr@rb.

F ofronory Gunr@ 3 GgBi' oSl$E Cl$gnoui (hessian) garfhunot ep+ gdffifrr 6g6rfldio
r-oouufl

Gormr@rb. grunaruflr un$pfi olg flEggtrir 016o[ Hessian gouff nryiugr-oneGo, S6uug o-g$
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) ofionroryuSlotr e;@l$g gnaflnSl15$g1 ungipfloL-g g5un6nfii 25 [Link] Lrrr;fi$lp1g 7 $lonniroon Glgnuri;ig
g6u0Imfit 616or+ Glerllu Gruourn@rir.

) un$$ orir cunrttq $lctrano nmipnoir Hessian grlnrfl Gunf$pfl Glgnr-i$g srrtu$t66l GerrufrGr-
6Cg,i* Geuamr@dr.
F Guet orgdonnn gncumooron gdl{i,o Gorrmr@6 nrltup$eno$ g6r5dl6t, gdoofr 6lErgg@-p
, Endaruu@$grii a.r-ng.
> ofluu$$ldut gg rarlr-rb e-urri gqg$gri Ooromr@ gcunomfr? euS$lc$gd Ge0urtuu Golcur@6.

89 air-li O{[Link] 06GnO Building Engineers Hand Book

 I

r. gref,
I
1
q1qtn lqiutlq€lertel
) GleodrL-flnir .fl'flEg g@EE En6n Frr1urrur Cl$gndn gmuflrour gnounooocn& ep6l fr emfidl

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F gnrmrolg6lgrb, ao4gtiigrb goop$Egil 7 gniotq9ri;tE fit oor$puur- Gomft@6.
) Starters rig 3 $lannno(g619 fr gUee Goam@rb.

r. qircnanrra{t uflGcnd6lid

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) Slump Gengorom Gerirorg Gomro Glgnr-nirlgrb Gung; gartErb, @oor-Gu.r Ocutgrh, gtfg fn6n Gotano
Ugqt Gurg gmtErb Glc0uriur- Gamfi@6.
F o$onorry Gon@ o;frGgcuu@6 ugur6 @1gr:r8an LfouftGltb 96 Slump Grrgrnour GlerirurtuL- [Link]@6.

odcnof omcgf orlncoi Gcngioor (Cube Test)

) ooanou 66u5gt Gur@rir CItpdlrb o$onanry uonpflfleot er@6otur-

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) 3 unpflfloon 7 gnrialgd;grb 3 ronpflfloat 28 gnrioqgti;grb oofloor.o

g4$lu.r o@d;o GoroufrGlrb.

l
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aofr Gunanp gon6olnc*Slfrgrb e6riE1 nnrgrb oouurri;dletl afronrorJ I

Lonpflrfloai or@6oriuu Goonn@n.

) afionoor t5lr1 oL-goon Gcnpooan (Cube) (ygo{66lr Ggirr}Cl

i
:
6lupa5lctrano oanpnctr g4riug$[Link] orufi r-fl$gu ( non-d istructive ..*
r lE i*- t
test) (NDT) Gegiu@JiEn Gerganrm Glcu"r$L- Gooufi@rn- _*i
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gU6 l-odOcunr qrirq oooOodn
[Link]
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(gumboots) uggutb rytuf ernoqanp g[6uufl$61@uuEl '*{ It
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, Erpfl Gler[ru-riruu Goouft@rb.

k
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Gur@rb Gungl (g) ougu$gfl6r,t 6louofltqprir Garuo
^-l
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Sf cuoflE$l15{io Goroft @rb.

2. o6oror GurG[i ttlf,il

> gg$ gu@ odig6 Glerirg uianr- gug [Link] uncil GoroflGrupnrod O@6dr- Gorann@rh.

) erdlon e-g$glug6 cflurnn Or-gdl6tt 66lourr orbCI ororgg6 totongrr.

orbCIoqgrb
) @crrr-Qorofl ollctrorooot e-gr$lgr-@ri orir8ooflotr qGggud ron-gSg4ig,rd rargslorodoriur-
Gooufi@rn.

D erctram Opnig ,/ uotcnronan ug$l 1gnliolnnn olliudr, o$lolorp opgu6 6lp6g ugd) gg$luran 6yno
gna, oonn6anrd: uane 6l6ed [Link] gqg3igrb Garani,@ gflri,flrfr rii4 gg$$ egg6 Ocriurtur-
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3.6!idr.[ Gur(iln Gur!fl

> guu6g$6l$rnon ug crfluran 9ry6 e-ofron o$onorry rotonEr oor a-gu$lGlcrir$u Goam@rb.
F ollflororr-qrb $)coonur{ (Expansion joint) olan[ur-$!6l6rug o-atonorg e-El$l Oorirgt6 ungprgErir
an@6h- Gorun@rb.
F o$ananr Gun@rb Uotqrb Gunir- Eotq6 ryer-oriudt Glonarr@ @anarrurro gartb udrgnir olltir-rb
eflunrt6a Gocufi@rb.
F ofroncnq Guniu g-u6ur Gu6tr uoir-6 dryro o-clrorgn orar& crflunfrto [Link],.
D aflurnrur gdlnqtrLr+ Ennontunot 6loro*@ a$onanry Gurgtormr gprq Oor-gtu0riigturi@otsngr
ernnugt o Er!61 Glerirurtur- Goomr@rb.

4. qil6ro[ Guruu Ocfr

) or$lonig Op$looflari ug po&offi' "cndrpuu@Clp5n?

F grrr#aofr Gonarfltoru / ewrds gIr;ufl 7 pnriaot ag$l mryuu@gguuu@ ory Gamrr$lrh.
F gonrir - fr [Link]-r-rb un$$ or-g [Link]&euuu Gooun@ri.

) Oeortr-flnjr rilflEclgGtdj5trb onountu@G ectraSl gioruoot (Honey combing) o I nn*rrr6 6r Gcriurfrur-

Gor6nfr,@6.

D Cube urflGcngnnan glgqaoflnn gdldioro glgloroqji$ldr anogpf,I- Gararr@rb.

r or}-ufr qrfiurent oo&O Building Engineers Hand Book

oi@ Goloo (Block Work)
gl. Goroo OgtrLniGlit ttlf,fr orfl uniBoful Goronigursror

1. srllud eorogrndt msGlu:niurflir- Gororrr6g 6I0D

gqasimusono orcoflut-ti rSilmiu$puuu Goonn@6.

2. a[gr-d; ocoo{g[nct griuoflBaturiu c8rur

oonryur-$pflotr 6rGggJ6 GorEunGun / orElurGr.-n
o-otongn crant unlt6eqrb,

3. crcbon aflir-riocn rapEltb grcmrooflot u[ut{

n
gq
\
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a$erigu Gorouroqr.-nn Gt15rflu$$rit
tr
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gcirGorg 6on$gtrb 1 Gle.d 6.U,b BO,i*
Gornfrr@rh)
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4. 6lon$g1uGurrir- urtq Ocnr Glanrrtun6dh-
Sl0mnmr- uncir 1=2 afgtr6l6i) E6uEg1 dryna
BL$lorgp1gt tS, Golmn@6. e;fiari@unom
3 gnr-o1g6rg lyranGu 6mg,i Glcriur
Gomno6lg 4L*
Goann@rb. GerrJGlcnrfrunar udq6(g
3 pnr-oqqgri(96 Eomroffi' Glgofl6o Goourn$lrb. I
5. qgggnnirorg ooll? oi@rman$$l$g [Link] /
rongFronqanru.r (gttpritgS grni(g g6D66q
4N/.6lLf 21 orc6lmrrn Glonrmrronrooron gtu$5gdl6t)
argomnoriq Glunflurnoni gdlqErgdlurur*
uuanu@$gqrb. ur[rb Snnirgrb satrt l

o[6}-onnnfu6l619 Solid / Hollow o$aot

7N / c.r.6l.r.f ggr{i'(gg Enrn(gp tr6o6o{ onSlnnu Ooronfiroroomron gtu$ggdlci) gdlo{USdluru+
uuanu@$9q6.

6. oa;ono.r&g ocwrr-ctr sotuuu6lsirarng (5% rig qcopzuno) CE qlaon friieriurir- $)orr-tur--u

gt6rrolooLur roomrob (med i u m sa nd) uuanu@gipq6.

7. o-;bug$l Gcrtg 30 pnr--algtig Gr-o$ur-ng Glgfl$6lEGtBE S[6lnro SG}aomru uruatu@$9qrb.

dGtroomu grirou [Link] e-Su$dl Glefi u"ruut-u Ggi6l 19dn$L-g15ti;o Goomr@6'

8. ori@ronrm Ea:gdl6[ grgq Gleriruriuriu gon [Link]-$rop alle[coo gdlut@ (Button mark) 6ctiuq6.
eotanotr Grodlr-oilrb, dfti uor-lrb. oootr5lg&aoli g[olfltr$9il6 J[ortouJ [Link].t gonr-oir-$eog
gqgtuanuuno Gtoroft @[Link].

9. ou@ Garcrro o;ioneors g11@]L6rt rSlgroncur$glr-rur $orarru, gtirerdaoflan Oenn19$6lott 500 [Link]
@coL-Gloofltiig rflorr-orir *orri Slonoumuq (Wall tie) Clcouror-Lgdlft, eoomrt ulot (band) quan
Gcgrirug Gleriruq6.

92 [Link] Orrfftrrrfr oc€tl@ Building Engineers Hand Book

,l
.9r. 6l:ril Goroo ranu0umdr Gurol crfl unrirtio Gomfu eulooJ

1. oir-r- gdlufi@l olfl (grgc[r oflanc) Oenng6$rn 6louuriugr6 unrigg Gpri Qerirurqrb.

2. ganonulliL gnddr ornriSig o$oranrJ o$aoi uurmriu@$E$ GunE; (ggrdr [Link] g4g [Link]-r-rb ofronenrJ
[Link] qgrori 12 L6ld gciro6loon uuratu@gpfl $lryur5ki Oan3igri Gurg o Erpflruro $1g6a& Gtoriluqd.
3. S6}.ocmrL- oalm)Gu 1:5ertifg cgofg$$Git BtU,bq gougmri rf5; gqonolu Gluig grorb rmrro0 gqonolLiu
tf,a)tr)6u so5gl naflgro 6luEdug gnnncffi g6lIof$l $hinrrulir Ocu:urqrh. oorf,ouu@ril 5at6)ot
uarfl Ggryg$lgg6 qoogaro6 mrounqgrb g[6no5lg(g oo6oqrir.

4. eoomt c,wrrh '12 r"6hfrig r-6lonrortr Ocrir(geigr uDOJrir $lorurar-r-g$ctr $6rio Gard@rir. gguL6lrrflurt
oil Gonctr (Aluminium straight edge) gyotrog (German pointing trowel) grorb aocoor oorrrb
grttalhulono $lE1$l [Link].

5. efr gnonon&tg 1 r-fr]-fr e-ull6dlDg [Link] oil Goromrr-nrb.

6. 100 rfh.f oar colrtor-@dr Gurg 1 [Link] e-urry3idl$rg Org ornirClfi ur'orr- 12:4 grorir I 6ld
ollir-grcouu.r 2 orbdlson onr3figri Gleururqril.

7. o[@Gamo6 aafi ou@pctt Gocir [Link]-rb oroo[ offloeU onor6srucir aflur-$pflai g4glorir-6 omr6
ar'uq6, Graon Eong$lctr soll? or-@ri ooofi $lgdlou]ou5lotr @gri;o Gord@dr.
8. eanr--4 g6nJgdl5tr meri8gri [Link]-g Lllmr aarrflan Grootrafl ff odcu
g@uquot goon coircfl (ch i ps) of;onorry Glonorft @ $lryuuqrir.

9. out-r& ccur? atfloat Slrro or[ Grootr [Link]-3$$dl(gi$git 6lrr*51 o:rfldg 8g 't=2:+ osonoury grorir
oflOcuru:qfr.

10.615ui Smrnrrtq ogdlL-$$loir gtm6nu{a,tLur o$onan6 ani@oancni [Link]@$$ or-gu$$ctr 19pn&

Glgnur?gg ugflrioqrb.

[Link]-rt oa:i Garano6g e$oon Clotrolnf ol[-@ frir-uur- Gorruri,@rb.

'l2.6lonu rorir-$$cir Opnr-ri$g Gle0orgl gallrtsgrt, mir-6 olgoll [Link]@661.i' oi@ Gorooo [Link]+ir.

13.o[@Gororo Ocrirg 21 pnrioon o$lSgt Chasing Gororo Glgnr-niroorrir.

l a.e@tudlqfr aorfletr GrmrGlcnrtunnn 15&a 15Cl 2 1 gnrieat o$lEgr [Link].

[Link]&oqpdilg g19Go o-onon 4g$lg Gr"o@oon / 20 r6hftig (golpolro e-6fi6roro.r,

uononpirorn
M20 prfr Gloromtr- RCC c$oranq Guni@ $lryuLll 7 grrioqgdig Gonouflg g1rmft Guni3!61 fr
qfdPq6.
[Link] aanrb 12 rflrftirg g4$[Link] e-onon $lL-$d;loi) 6l6oi @anarruqd; (g$rd, $lorarrriq Ourlg
ggdluoro qgrr- PCC [Link],12rfh.f ectail uuranu@g$ $lrall ganp6pgr 3 ErLorg9tiitg fr gtqga{O.
[Link]@unan cort ufg orrtnrrrb glorb Gg$l 6r(udlfr -qhriroromngd ocuionenfl6oolb.

[Link]$gg1 7 6rnioqgtiitg aarfl,rfu Soromrtqoqgrig gdnnmffr Ogorfltrg1 orro{rir.

19.g[flnir@ cfloufruoir, d$rar-urir rlggurir Gradrr-or]r-rb (gmDEEgt, grrlirrg fsnrb 200 rfh.f S1g&grbugqri
Bed block 6 Gcft$gd,Glcriruolrir.

r orj.r-r-fi &rtfturfii n6em Building Engineers Hand Book

 'rl

[Link] u1g$[Link] @g,rigu6lu$$ril aSlarrudr ofiilt-16,

$lpuqt Sills and Chajjas g[6ta,r$$fi
ofrananryurnonar Glgrr-fr olhlurb ooLclomnrl Gunuogh.

5rrdg fonrb gorporno $6digrflLgdl5i, gnannoqgti;tg ron

[Link]-rilr a5leumr-ailof arg45L-@tii orbr-lloat

ad egp66l6s 6cg$Po$.

[Link][mrr-cir, Chajjas mggr6 Sill rllrcnfr'@ ollpnrarilr CIO.n* npflfiollorc OarGriigl cflannr-ct, Chaijas o0Eu6
SillGuruqfi.
[Link] oant
Gcnirg6gno Ognr-f$g Gecirororg Loqlflurorr.o&o Gorrun@rn. P r.6ir-g6g
gft Gcnirrgggl @orrmrtq corf gqmoano glguu!6ldi(9ungu oiut]tuu GorwrGln'

CI. eoxn oigurfiafr oolordp6lir Oononon Gonrfrn*urmot

1. gryfilatugurna e$$6 Glolig er@uuor5$ goSili&o Gamm@6- onrgang ur$lggl

flEr ollfleiroofr ramundl carortr[l uoofortu@$gtrb.

2. d'fld, gDgfl [Link] a.Lrg1 Bgl ou$r cari g4gfla forr rflqifl rllofr o5lrfl$$ agnigoroncit
oltfleoitooi 6r6u@6.

3. colgtirgrir agonou u1gdl6gd gofl ooranrb Glard@ Spuq o$lgorpoon g&c Gamodilg
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gair Gcfiuruur- God@rb (g&c Goron ug$luflctr 5ofluno
4. 7 griaqf6tE di' g$Ddl, dil6i oars,or $ananrnCItilr qSmR oosrolflart rE$orurri'
Gcnpflr$oolrir 6aro)or @ormrir-Ilctr flprn rar$prir crGggurir c-oncngn uri6$ r$u&eocuru{aton

ug,$lmurii oamufluro$r.
gCgnilopp orgolrb Glonamu oq5nfuorilr gl6lrq 300 L6ltf ormru{rir 1 s0fhf ororqu5lgluonan

gr;onapot, [Link] r-oulBciul:@ gtgsur gloroooli 6O-9,b. $gan Opngpngtit

gcg$s ora5lem t00odl$l/[Link] crorqrb gffiI5ilfr Ldlq}66 SYo cEo!g$d$1g Grodr

Guno&aung. @riognfuoir ai@rororrir olflcot 300 6hf dggig

urlur-on&etru@6. @omrtqoot (Bond stoneElorat600 r-8r"f osr ro1669 1.51f-1.8d don66lpg

gnirE uurafiu@$ptu@rir. $anarrnqrn afrootr Claou4ang u[c$$r$ (Precast) a$onory 1:36 grolh

flonorcrimrt OcE;&ouu@rb. (Coursed Rubble masonry) B4grng oryor ognirair r-ofl c$fluil6
6egrrii4l er@&1grhGungr gplnn ganonooflctr gqpflouicb uatonrb Gr@oon l0 tfl'Lf oor$$l$g Gudt
@griiorii e-Lrgt. o[@rarorrir dGluomu ooorou4-air oiltuli,srrir
gtpm ofl @ormmq uoimir
srfhf qggrir OO-grbu'* Gcurur Gord@rn. gnnp$ggl 7 g;ruoqSdig dft' gSPe Gord@rn.

94 .flrLir Alffrmf .6elr@ Building Engineers Hand Book

flir rfld OcrirdL gutq orryE f:
1. Oon@&otuiu gorb omrytur-$gpot crflu:ro lotcngn
raiuorg glf,rpgt urfBoqrb.
2. or-@ Gororo c$gronoolb unirirug;i1g& dynoafir
#r
glgnionoalb 6O,i,o Gotd@b.
3. carflcut glgotr arrfl rllo griChlunangnlgrb.6cur-r-rb grorir J
origu.r cofr cfluno rotonolg crflmirrioqrir. Gro$l uotcn6, &
e$gt - GluqBg @[Link]{r OO5g6[, Gorun@rn.

4. gnano ulurir crflurro e-otongn nor g1on$g unridoqrb

5. 3 r.f[r-ri rycurr-ril oOU6 ggr6lf,,flu{+ clurb sr'ltuu #p.

urtq @anmrurno (Parallel) roiongt orurugrh. 69cr{ tr:
.q
ootorcir 6lgfE u19dl grd,g gd@tiiono ratcnEn
oanuangqri crflunli&oqrb.

6. 6lpgg ug$loat (openings) f,1no e-atonnnorrr frilr ua)

@r-niraot g6n6g1 c$Ggorlu@rir $r-nnooflcir grnral -
of[]urb Gond@ crflunmt*oa$r. q-*tl-
7. gmroeoi eflurno 90o Gercmr$pfloir roionotg goono* t*.or
e[LFioori uuranu@di$l crflurfrtioqrb.

8. ogq oofnnctr glg11r.6lofhr6 glol crl--niroot

[Link]
o-qgugolrb eniGungrb gunflro e-oionorg o Erp$ Glcriruqrb.

9. ofrcrn Sorrwrulr-6lurb &nan eorgigr-odr 6O,ir Gocur@rir. 7 gniooi cfgg1 Sorarrqflr-,b gUmfl
StggEt " Erpf,lu5lamr crfl unfr riioqrir.

[Link] [Link] ugEph g6na{ e-oion ei-@Goffi,tal g[d,troriiooqrir.

95 E-iLir ar1ffrrmt rlaGtr$ Building Engineers Hand Book

r+6e Gomo
grt. Garoo Oflrutti(q6 tuai crfl urrr?riouur- Gotdguroor.
o oi@uncur Goterro ggni8anamr$gr
crflunri&otuLLfiip LEdl Glniruqrh (ori@[Link]
Go:roo a5lory$org unr?6o )
o o[@unan Gotoro 7 pnioon dn +fir6lq,b, g5&c
Gomrodg glofi a-axri;igr0 $156o Goruur@6.
. g&c uutrllctr ollstrmroorn (qctgoat) fitolg5t, ,

@6tp$gg1 12 r.0r.f oourrb ano$gtdi lg$Li;eqrb,

ollciranoooflmr $116 g[gL6l6ilflu6 r-oir-BGonallot
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o g&a uru8ctr 2 [Link]-fr $loor-Glaofluflstr ,t
fl

1SGc.r-f x [Link] EatflDoJ S{+e J[6Ir6466Ir]rE

morgt t dlrnan uur$$00 grna Goroa: porr-Oup
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6rI6ung 6r@ggt [Link]- unoit Glgofl$g nflln6dl
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ororBsiurlr- grFi(g grr-@oqgr*annn gtmoneon,
grgatl6fi 15*a Gororo Glgnr-nirgrb glott g[nDl-$g;
ollr- Go:ouur@rn.

. guu$gi$ptl{r ratonug 15&a Gomro, ormrnnrndq

!S&s, Er6ni,g !$&{fr, Sponge Finish,
Gler[Gcnrtunrur !S{i'e Guncu?pcoor updlu
aflurrioat Gluptuu GorrunGlt.
. [Link]-1p g*cna @6n8ai' allfluotonri (Grooves)
glotanpru gnoi Garoromru$ goflurno r-llfl6grbug
BO,i- Sluug& Glcdrcugt unrtdo
Gonnn@rb.
-tr ffi
ryr
gqponorgnoqrh ougr-6 oorogfi q$ugnoqrir
$tg{i,o Gomnn@6.
o g&a oomir 15 r-6hftig [Link] $l6riod o.L-ngl e.6lgf[ aanrh Ggmrurirugot BrlcumG gq@6ono 5e
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. dlGluomri orons 43 (grade) OPC grunrfl$gt 90 gnuaqgdigonlErir, urmrot FM 2 to 2.2 gba G}.octro5hu
oeml-otr 5% riig gourparnoqrb, gguugpg 616!r grufourffiDrJ e,armdu oouuplilgt urunru@3i5q6.
o g&c Goroo6g grcu?una agonorry uilq U1g6xgtt Glon$$ qoft'ofl (80 qoftotrl / c.g4g) Gunr-
GolarrGl6.

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a g&c Garmrou Glar[rrutu@rir urtq U1gorgtrit nnrytu@$gtiul
Gocnn@rb. gria ooanoullnil16$gt goufrmrforry e-$[Link]
@Otiro Goru*Glfr.
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' .f,o)6D,6)r6ttu.t $ltgdtq6 Eor-gnn dgt gtonq 6luig (Farma) ullc[l g6n6g1 Guni@ aodlgrir garianr-oqr-oi
@ond[u $lorouSlrtr @Odr* Goofi@d.
. drynan 6ar6ut6u Oug ganpned oo6oo1ir, 6ilEg C|G[oanfir_ 5o6o6u % affi Ug6i) I [Link] Ggry$$];fgot
uunnu@$gtul Gorouri,@ril.
(glairoput gria 1yogrio Gorrufrg Gpf[-r-nctr) cotnn6b, 6got 6lpd;g ug$]eaflat
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goorouroqqi*g 15 [Link] EnrIEdlE(g Grocir E-otonorng gngriia Gorrmr@ri.
U9o{Pp g*c Gamnoeoron 2.5ri forgtoton uir uoroo Oonoufi@rb [Link] 1g6er51d Glonm*@
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3. ffrBedlqgE@uq Garoo Ocriur Gorrufrgur

ugpflooru gqonoSh-@ ryeior'r-rir uni$g (gdlufGl

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gLg Lllp ugdlu5l66loEgil gouflnnr-ouu@6gqd'. €

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103 c[lr-ir [Link],rfr ooGu$ Building Engineers Hand Book

5. glgroLr- ${+& e-al(gtaffiu, Srowr@
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7. Glp,[Link] Geu$ gqornuuq(sealing) 66uanor 6r.6[f -uctoronng g:orb 61619$ lrih-f ennrir drro
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8. 24 roeuoflGgllrb e-artl6rtli@, Glcryn Glerb (Cera Chem Fibroflex) uoocBooooal 6r.6lr.f uotr oryofig uurcuru@$$l
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9. azurt B@laon oe$onrb BLg Ug$ggrrb, BGg grorgullotr goDrl3ii gon g@oon griuuur-Go6mr@6.
Gr-oGo allarff$g 1-8 or6orr g-6t6n Ocruotruni@ goopsot F6n BO upf,luugs(gt rtlouru$Sl
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6t$dl, pry Slirunur erour IS: 12200-airug OOri,grb fr g@ruq ar-@[Link] $ilancunuq / alhflomrr-qrir

ugdldldt' Oun1g3iig Garoufi@rir. Go:ooo Glcurgourp lS: 15058-car u+ OtUggf[, Garofr@rn.

104 olrrir Glrfurnmi oo{tr.@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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6[ciLrni o[luno [Link] unotr g$lur urur-lkfi r-fgt o-uomgruno Fibre glass glorflu5lot r-oguq olglrb

6l$uunugt6 E-onGon snpg1 qon arodromr1grrb el(gggrb 6lsn@3$g Gluno6g Goroufr@rb. mraur-llgri

aolrflgrb 3OO 6lLf e-ur56lDg Gun(D6puur-rtr GruorurGlrb. 6ggr6urfl urtrSilcit $lrurcmruq al6rb $lunirooflrtr
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3. d'rtiiodlqgg@luq Gamno6onorr ollorfl-onar g$lqooroot gonri Our$[Link] otoG-luntugiglr-ot

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frriodlot$g@tunrur ( PVC water stopper) g4odurir omttuorg o-Eptl Oairo.

105 crj.r-r-t [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

oldarrtgdo (Paintino)
am&ounnrbq Glomtonrn gg{i1gt grrf gctur-rr aanr? urytq goop$Eur-arb 48 roruuflGgfri e-ofuiggno
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acurnarrnrhq Gloonooon ggdio Glganannn uoianuu:nonom r-9lrotr Glorann@ Groot @15$9 dgnoqdr d$l15$gl
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endlgrh Glonoufi @ Ggrt$p8rur glaoooonpi gtourLggt n@d;oqrir.

106 oiuuir [Link] o6Gnr@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 omimr cmfiermriq ggi$pd

cofrruonrbq BillEE GofrorufL- grropullctr gunrfl6oiur-l ooanoruilctr Ggonrarunnn ouomi,omrrh Glonarrr--

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g&a uryuq u$Ed [Link](grit g&a granpaot Gr.o$ a*Slurug Glcriru.riur_ Garrunr@d.

omn0amfr rSlatllcLrq cnoircoi (Oit bound washable Distembering)

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[Link] gSltr-5lr-@ononug Ocrirur Garu*@rb. Oouofltqp oorfraqg6g Texured Exterior Gluullou&r-
Acrylic Smooth Ooofluqp Gluu5lermi, Outtg5t Guptuiugrs @156o Gorum@fr.
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grft.ii1gt 200 dlrrnrir fr glpdl, aouiarrrrhcou ooggr pnn19 Glondl6g6 amnry gGL-pp Gooum@rb.
flotanrt 6lg15n8a5l6$g Glomfl6lu@$g Lo6ufclororodmnrranu ddl$ Clflgne 6-ctr grn unng,dg eogfl
fafrg eBSEt oodoqrir. 6lCqd'q Garooounigotl, Eour@ agg6 Glerig Ean gni 6luu5kufrr- g4gtieqtb ;
$lymfrr-norg g&c' grpdr gria ganlg e-or1$g8flf glgrijoqfr. gnrt glrnoqod (Ulgrtr opOJ6 $trouurr-nargl
5&cailfr@ lgrop$gur-c6 0.16 rlpEutb 0.12ai[-r-rt grt egrr-fur-i uryur-flS1g uuLanu@g$r- [Link]@rn.

E alur-[r Olrdtrmn ocGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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Cl$Clggri rTanrLocil Gluu5lofiu lS: ugqrb glnirdorflBouur-r- [Link]-rtr16;lgr

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ufr uooioourur upEI6 alnfr ouflctr Gcfr$gr rooi g gt+gE ooBoqrir.

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gtdurr.-ggt glorourp$ ug$luSlglrrn drre urrtflaflL-qrb. grpotr Gpnriq en0$gqumt @rowrunrir Ggnurq
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aorfr oolr, urrl8oir textured fi n ish Glcriluorldr.

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50-75 Glc.r.d glrr$dldtt Gunr- Goruw@th'
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5. erflurrtBo Halogen ollonBrg GlorofLiab uuroutu@gigqfi.
t cofi urlu8oir o-nton Gro@ucnonniroon / oeoonq Glpoflqoon.
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* 6luuSlemrgat Gloug3igouiooLo mrEut-@atongr nanu uni6oq6

108 orju-fr Orrffmmf ocGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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e@aom g@idloodigdr
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'1.
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11, r-ugooflat gporb upgln rurfrb gGq crororan gtflra{ oeE;rb oarrb @6io Gomi@rb.

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Glgngrlune Gun@rb Gung goirGlorn19 e51!$anon6lgunrur gnlng$p6ufl6t 10% cgofgrir gorpggti
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Table 2- Compressive Strength mortars

[Link] Proportion Water - Cement ratio

(by volume 28 days Compressive strength (l{pa)
Cement:Sand
River Sand M-Sand
River Sand M-Sand 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

1:6 1.75 L.34 1.96 3.82 4.88 8.19

l:4 1.18 0.88 2.77 6.O4 1 1.89 15.50
: CP 659 201 1

Table S - Characteristics of concrete U2O & MSO Grade using River Sand and M-Sand
tlix wlc River Sand M-Sand
propoftion ratio li
(by weight) Slump Compressive Flexural Slump Compresslve Flexural
([Link])r' (mm) Strength (MPa) Strength (mm) Suength (MPa) Strength
@ 28 days (MPa) @28davs (MPa) l

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(M30 grade)
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CPWD SPECIFICATIONS FOR WORKS

I
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@ fl 234
rr'r r fr oe&rO Building Engi neers Hand Book
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2. Earth work
Earth Work in Excavation:
2.7 Earth work in excavation by mechanical means (Hydraulic excavator)/ manual
means over areas (exceeding 30 cm in depth, 1.5 m in width as well as 10 sqm on
plan) including getting out and disposal of excavated eafth lead upto 50 m and lift upto
1.5 m, as directed by Engineer-incharge.

2.7.L Ordinary rock

2.7.2 Hard rock (requiring blasting)
2.7.3 Hard rock (blasting prohibited)

Excavating trenches
2.10 Excavating trenches of required width for pipes, cables, etc including excavation
for sockets, and dressing of sides, ramming of bottoms, depth upto 1.5 m, including
getting out the excavated soil, and then returning the soil as required, in layers not
exceeding 20 cm in depth, including consolidating each deposited layer by ramming,
watering, etc. and disposing of surplus excavated soil as directed, within a lead of 50 m.

2.10.1A11 kinds of soil

[Link] Pipes, cables etc, not exceeding B0 mm dia.
2.L0.r.2 Pipes, cables etc. exceeding 80 mm dia. but not exceeding 300 mm dia
2.t0.L.3 Pipes, cables etc. exceeding 300 mm dia but not exceeding 600 mm

Close timbering in trenches

2.16 Close timbering in trenches including strutting, shoring and packing cavities
(wherever required) complete. (Measurements to be taken of the face area timbered).

2.16.1Depth not exceeding 1.5 m

2.L6.2 Depth exceeding 1.5 m but not exceeding 3 m
2.16.3 Depth exceeding 3 m but not exceeding 4.5 m

Treatment of soil

2.35.3 Treatment of soil under existing floors using chemical emulsion @ one litre per
hole, 300 mm apart including drilling 12 mm diameter holes and plugging with cement
mortar 1 :2 (1 cement: 2 Coarse sand) to match the existing floor:

[Link] with chlorpyriphos/Lindane E.c. 20olo with 1olo coflcentration

E orlur-t Glrfrunonri ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Filling the trenches with earth
2.38 Filling with available (excluding rock) in trenches or
fly ash and earth
embankment in layers (each layer should not exceed 15 cm), with intermediate layer of
compacted earth (Soil density of 98o/o) after every four layers of compacted depth of fly
ash, sides & top layer of filling shall be done with earth having total minimum
compacted thickness 30cm or as decided by Engineer -in-charge, including compacting
each layer by rolling/ ramming and watering, all complete aS per drawing and
direction of Engineer -in - charge.

3. Mortar
3.16 White cement mortar 1:3 (1 white cement 3 marble dust)

3.17 White cement mortar 1:5 (1 white cement 5 marble dust)

3.18 Mud mortar

4. Precast Cement Concrete

Precast Cement Concrete Solid Block Masonry

4.7 Providing and fixing up to floor five level precast cement concrete solid block,
including hoisting and setting in position with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement: 3 coarse
sand), cost of required centering, shuttering complete :

4.7.L 7:L1/z:3 (1 Cement: 172 coarse sand(zone-Ill) : 3 graded stone aggregate

20 mm nominal size).

[Link] COURSE

4.10 Providing and laying damp-proof course 40mm thick with cement concrete
L:2:4 (1 cement: 2 coarse sand (zone-III): 4 graded stone aggregate
12.5mm nominal size)

4.73 providing & applying a coat of residual petroleum bitumen of grade of VG-10 of
approved quality using l.7kg per square metre on damp proof course after
cleaning the surface with brushes and finally with a piece of cloth lightly soaked
in kerosene oil,

t22 or1-r-[r [Link] cncGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Plinth Protection with Cement Concrete
4.17 Making plinth protection 50mm thick of cement concrete [Link] (1 cement: 3
coarse sand : 6 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) over 75mm thick bed of
dry brick ballast 40 mm nominal size, well rammed and consolidated and grouted with
fine sand, including necessary excavation, levelling & dressing & finishing the top
smooth.

Ready Mixed Concrete (plain cement concrete)

4.20 Providing and laying in position ready mixed plain cement concrete, with
cement content as per approved design mix and manufactured in fully automatic
batching plant and transported to site of work in transit mixer for all leads, having
continuous agitated mixer, manufactured as per mix design of specified grade for plain
cement concrete work, including pumping of R.M.C. from transit mixer to site of laying
and curing, excluding the cost of centering, shuttering and finishing, including cost of
curing, admixtures in recommended proportions as per IS : 9103 to accelerate/retard
setting of concrete, improve workability without impairing strength and durability as per
direction of the Eng ineer-in-charge. "

Note : Excess/less cement used than specified in this item is payable/recoverable

separately.

5. Reinforced cement concrete

Reinforced cement concrete in arches & domes

5.5 Reinforced cement concrete work in arches, arch ribs, domes, vaults, shells,
folded plate and roofs having slope more than 150 up to floor five level, excluding the
cost of centering, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement, with 1:1.5:3 (1 cement : 1.5
coarse sand (zone-III) :
3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

5'6 Reinforced cement concrete work in chimneys, shafts, up to floor five level ,
excluding the cost of centering, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement with 1:1.5:3
(1 cement: 1.5 coarse sand (zone-III):3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal
size).

5.7 Reinforced cement concrete work in well-steining, excluding the cost of centering,
shuttering, finishing and reinforcement with 1:1.5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 coarse sand
(zone-III) : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

E oir-r-ir Gtrrfuncnir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

FORM WORK
5.9 Centering and shuttering including strutting, propping etc. and removal
of form for all heights :

5.9.1 Foundations, footings, bases of columns, etc. for mass concrete

5.9.2 Walls (any thickness) including attached pilasters, butteresses, plinth and string
courses etc.
5.9.3 Suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and access platform
5.9.4 Shelves (Cast in situ)
5.9.5 Lintels, beams, plinth beams, girders, bressumers and cantilevers
5.9.6 Columns, Pillars, Piers, Abutments, Posts and Struts
5.9.7 Stairs, (excluding landings) except spiral-staircases
5.9.8 Spiral staircases (including landing)
5.9.9 Arches, domes, vaults up to 6 m span
5.9.10 Extra for arches, domes, vaults exceeding 6 m span
5.9.11 Chimneys and shafts
5.9.12 Well steining
5.9.13 Vertical and horizontal fins individually or forming box louvers band, facias and
eaves boards
5.9.14 Extra for shuttering in circular work (20olo of respective centering
and shuttering items)
5.9.15 Small lintels not exceeding 1.5 m clear span, moulding as in
cornices, window sills, string courses, bands, copings, bed plates, anchor blocks
and the like
5.9.16 Edges of slabs and breaks in floors and walls
[Link] Under 20 cm wide
[Link] Above 20 cm wide
5.9.17 Cornices and mouldings
5.9.18 Small surfaces such as cantilever ends, brackets and ends of steps, caps and
bases to pilasters and columns and the like
5.9.19 Weather shade, Chajjas, corbels etc., including edges
5.g.20 Suspended floors, roofs, landings, balconies and access platform. with water
proof ply L2 mm thick
5.g.21 Lintels, beams, plinth beams, girders, bressumers and cantilevers. with water
proof ply 12 mm thick

Precast Reinforced Cement Concrete with Strings & Bands

5.12 providing, hoisting and fixing above plinth level up to floor five level precast
reinforced cement concrete work in string Gourses, bands, copings, bed plates,
anchor blocks, plain window sills and the like, including the cost of required
centering, shuttering but, excluding cost of reinforcement, with 1:1.5:3 (1 cement : 1.5
coarse sand (zone-III) : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

L24 oilut [Link] ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Precast RCC in Lintels & Beams

5.15 Providing, hoisting and fixing above plinth level up to floor five level precast
reinforced cement concrete in lintels, beams and bressumers, including setting in
cement moftar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand), cost of required centering and
shuttering but, excluding the cost of reinforcement, with 1:1.5:3 (1 cement: 1.5
coarse sand (zone-III) : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size)

5.16 Providing, hoisting and fixing above plinth level up to floor five level precast
reinforced cement concrete in shelves, including setting in cement mortar 1:3 (lcement
: 3 coarse sand), cost of required centering, shuttering and finishing with neat cement
punning on exposed sufaces but, excluding the cost of reinforcement, with 1:1,5:3 (1
cement: 1.5 coarse sand (zone-III) : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size).

Precast RCC Jalli

5.18 Providing precast cement concrete Jali [Link] (L cement : 2 coarse sand(zone-Ill)
: 4 graded stone aggregate 6mm nominal size), reinforced with 1.6 mm dia mild steel
wire, including centering and shuttering, roughening cleaning, fixing and finishing with
cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement: 3 fine sand) etc. complete, excluding plastering of the
jambs, sills and soffits.

5.18.1 50 mm thick/ 5.18.2 40 mm thick/ 5.18.3 25 mm thick

ENCASING ROLLED STEEL SECTION

5.19 Encasing rolled steel sections, in beams and columns, with cement concrete
1:1.5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 coarse sand (zone-III) : 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm
nominal size including centering and shuttering complete but, excluding cost of
reinforcement.

5.20 Encasing rolled steel section in grillages with cement concrete 1:1.5:3 (1 cement :
1.5 coarse sand (zone-III): 3 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size, including
centering and shuttering but, excluding cost of expanded metal and hangers.

Precast RCC for suspended floors, landings and staircases :

5.24 Extra for rendering smooth the top of suspended floors, landings and staircases
(treads and risers) with cement mortar l:2 (l cement : 2 coarse sand), including a
floating coat of neat cement and protecting the surface with a layer of 7.5 cm of earth
laid over 15 mm of fine sand in case of suspended floor and bricks laid in mud mortar in
case of landings and steps, including subsequent removal and cleaning of the same.

DESIGN MIX CONCRETE

5.33 Providing and laying in position machine batched and machine mixed design mix
M-25 grade cement concrete for reinforced cement concrete work, using cement
content as per approved design mix, including pumping of concrete to site of laying but
L25 eir-r-t [Link] moGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book
excluding the cost of centering, shuttering, finishing and reinforcement, including
admixtures in recommended proportions as per IS: 9103 to accelerate, retard setting
of concrete, improve workability without impairing strength and durability as per
direction of Engineer-in-charge."(Note :- Cement content considered in this item is @
330 kglcum."Excess/ less cement used as per design mix is payable/recoverable
separately).

5.33.1 All works upto plinth level cum 6446.45

5.33.2 All works above plinth level upto floor V level

Expansion Joint
5.46 Providing and fixing of expansion joint system of approved make and manufacture
for various roof locations as per approved drawings and direction of Engineer-In-
Charge. The joints shall be of extruded aluminium base members with, self aligning and
self centering arrangement support plates as per ASTM B22L-02. The system shall be
such that it provides water tight roof to roof /roof to corner joint cover expansion
control system that is capable of accommodating multidirectional seismic movement
without stress to its components. System shall consist of metal profile that incorporates
a universal aluminum base member designed to accommodate various project
conditions and roof treatments. The cover plate shall be designed of width and
thickness required to satisfy movement and loading requirements and secured to base
members by utilizing manufacturer's pre-engineered self-centering arrangement that
freely rotates / moves in all directions. The Self centering arrangement shall exhibit
circular sphere ends that lock and slide inside the corresponding aluminum extrusion
cavity to allow freedom of movement and flexure in all directions including vertical
displacement. The Joint System shall resists damage or deterioration from the impact of
falling ice, exposure to UV, airborne contaminants and occasional foot traffic from
maintenance personnel. Provision of Moisture Barrier Membrane in the Joint System to
have water tight joint is mandatory requirement. (Material shall confirm to ASTM 6063.)

5.46.1Roof Joint of 100 mm gap / 5.46.2 Roof Joint of 150 mm gap /

5.46.3 Roof Joint of 200 mm gap

6. Brick Work

6.7 Providing half brick masonry with common burnt clay F.P.S, (non modular)
bricks of class designation 7.5 in cement mortar 1:3 (1 Cement : 3 coarse sand) in
superstructure for closing cavity 5 to 7.5 cm wide in cavity wall complete with 10 cm /
11.4 cm wide bitumen felt type 3 grade 1.

6.9 Brick work in plain arches in superstructure above plinth level and upto floor five
level including centering and shuttering complete for span up to 6 metres with common
burnt clay F.P.S. (non modular) bricks of class designation 7.5 in cement mortar 1:3
(1 cement : 3 coarse sand).

126 eiuut [Link] ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

HALF BRICK MASONRY

6.12 Half brick masonry with common burnt clay F.p.s. (non modular) bricks
of class designation 7.5 in foundations and plinth in :

6.12.t Cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand)

6.12.2 cement moftar L:4 (t cement : 4 coarse sand)

6.18 Tile brick masonry with common burnt clay F.P.S. (non modular) tile bricks of class
designation 10 in superstructure above plinth level up to floor V level in cement mortar
1:6 (1 cement : 6 coarse sand).

Honey-comb brick work

6.23 Honey-comb brick work l0 / 71.4 cm thick with common burnt clay bricks of class
designation 7.5 in super structure above plinth level upto floor V level with cement
mortar 1:4 (1 cement : 4 coarse sand).

EXPOSED BRICK WORK

6.26 Brick work with common burnt clay selected F.P.S. (non modular) bricks
of class designation 7.5 in exposed brick work including making horizontal and vertical
grooves 10 mm wide 12 mm deep complete in cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement: 6 coarse
sand)

6.26.L From ground level upto plinth level

6.26.2 Above plinth level upto floor V level

6.29 Brick work with common burnt clay machine moulded F.P.S. (non modular) bricks
of class designation 12.5 in exposed brick work including making horizontal and vertical
grooves 10 mm wide 12 mm deep complete in cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement: 6 coarse
sand).

6.29.L From ground level upto plinth level cum 5066.00

6.29.2 Above plinth level upto floor V level

AAC Blocks Masonry

6.38 Providing and laying autoclaved aerated cement blocks masonry with 100 mm
thick AAC blocks in super structure above plinth level up to floor V level in cement
mortar 7:4 (l cement : 4 coarse sand). The rate includes providing and placing in
position 2 Nos 6 mm dia M.S. bars at every third course of masonry work.

6.40 Providing and laying Gypsum panel partitions 100 mm thick with water proof
Gypsum panels of size 666x500x100 mm, made of calcite phosphor Gypsum fixed with
tongue and groove, jointed with bonding plaster as per manufacturer's specifications in
superstructure above plinth level up to floor V level. Gypsum blocks will have a
minimum compressive strength of 9.3 kg/cm2

oiur-fr [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

6.41 Providing and laying autoclaved aerated cement blocks masonry with
150mm/230mm/300 mm thick AAC blocks in super structure above plinth level up to
floor V level with RCC band at sill level and lintel level with approved block laying
polymer modified adhesive moftar all complete as per direction of Engineerin-Charge.

7. Stone Work

Random rubble masonry

7.1 Random rubble masonry with hard stone in foundation and plinth including
levelling up with cement concrete L:6:12 (1 cement : 6 coarse sand : 12 graded stone
aggregate 20 mm nominal size) upto plinth level with :

7,1.1 Cement moftar 1:6 (1 cement : 6 coarse sand)

7.2 Random rubble masonry with hard stone in superstructure above plinth level
and upto floor five level, including leveling up with cement concrete L:6:t2 (1 cement :
6 coarse sand : 12 graded stone aggregate 20 mm nominal size) at window sills, ceiling
level and the like.
Stone work for wall lining
7.23 Stone work (machine cut edges) for wall lining etc. (veneer work) upto 10 metre
height, backing filled with a grout of average 12 mm thick cement mortar 1:3
(1 cement:3 coarse sand) including pointing in white cement mortar L:2
(1 white cement: 2 stone dust) with an admixture of pigment matching the stone
shade :(To be secured to the backing and the sides by means of cramps and pins which
shall be paid for separatelY) :

Wal! Lining with Red Sand Stone

7.23.1Red sand stone - Exposed face fine dressed with rough backing.
7.23.1.t 70 mm thick / 7.23.t.2 60 mm thick / 7.23.L.3 50 mm thick /
7.23.L.4 40 mm thick / 7.23.t.5 30 mm thick I 7.23.2 Red sand stone -
Exposed face machine cut and table rubbed with rough backing. I 7.23-2.1 70 mm
thick / [Link] 60 mm thick

Stone work in Copings, Cornices

7.32 Stone work, plain in copings, cornices, string courses and plinth courses, upto
75 mm thick in Cement mortar 1:6 (1 cement: 6 coarse sand), including pointing with
white cement mortar t:2 (t white cement : 2 stone dust) with an admixture of pigment
matching the stone shade.
7.32.7 Red sand stone I 7.32.2 White sand stone

[Link] & Granite Work

Marble work for wall lining (Polished)
8.1 Marble work gang saw cut (polished and machine cut) of thickness lBmm for wall
lining (veneer work), backing filled with a grout of average 12mm thick in cement
mortar 1:3 (1 cement: 3 coarse sand), including pointing with white cement mortar

L28 orlu-fr Orflurncnfr ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

1:2 (L white cement : 2 marble dust) with an admixture of pigment to match the
marble shade (To be secured to the backing by means of cramps, which shall be paid
for separately).
Kitchen Platform - (Pre moulded and pre potished)
8.2 Providing and fixing 18 mm thick gang saw cut, mirror polished, premoulded and
prepolished, machine cut for kitchen platforms, vanity counters, window sills, facias and
similar locations of required size, approved shade, colour and texture laid over 20 mm
thick base cement mortar 1:4 (1 cement: 4 coarse sand), joints treated with white
cement, mixed with matching pigment, epoxy touch ups, including rubbing, curing,
moulding and polishing to edges to give high gloss finish etc. complete at all levels.
Providing and fixing Stone Slab
8.10 Providing and fixing stone slab with table rubbed, edges rounded and polished, of
size 75x50 cm deep and 1.8 cm thick, fixed in urinal partitions by cutting a chase of
appropriate width with chase cutter and embedding the stone in the chase with epoxy
grout or with cement concrete t:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone
aggregate 6mm nominal size) as per direction of Engineer-in-charge and finished
smooth.

Granite stone flooring

8.13 Providing and laying Polished Granite stone flooring in required design and
patterns, in linear as well as curvilinear portions of the building, all complete as per the
architectural drawings, with 1B mm thick stone slab over 20 mm (average) thick base
of cement mortar t:4 (t cement : 4 coarse sand), laid and jointed with cement slurry
and pointing with white cement slurry admixed with pigment of matching shade,
including rubbing, curing and polishing etc. all complete as specified and as directed by
the Engineer-in-Charge.

8.13.1 Polished Granite stone slab jet Black, Cherry Red, Elite Brown, Cat Eye or
equivalent.

9. Wood & PVC Work

Providing and fixing panelling or panelling and glazing in panelled or panelted
and glazed shutters for doors, windows

9.7 Providing and fixing panelling or panelling and glazing in panelled or panelled and
glazed shutters for doors, windows and clerestory windows (Area of opening for panel
insefts excluding portion inside grooves or rebates to be measured). Panelling for
panelled or panelled and glazed shutters 25 mm to 40 mm thick :

9.7.1 Second class teak wood

9.7.2 Kiln seasoned and chemically treated hollock wood

9.7.3 Ply wood 5 ply, 9 mm thick

L29 oir-r-t [Link] o6cur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

[Link] Decorative plywood both side decorative veneer (Type - I) conforming to IS
1328 BWR type

[Link] Decorative plywood one side decorative veneer and commercial veneer on
other face (Type 1) conforming to IS 1328 BWR Type

9.7.4 Ply wood 7 ply, 9 mm thick

[Link] Decorative plywood one side decorative veneer and commercial veneer on
other face (Type 1) conforming to IS 1328 BWR Type
i

9.7.5 Particle Board 12 mm thick

[Link] Plain particle board flat pressed, 3 layer or graded wood particle board medium
density Grade I, IS : 3087 marked

Providing and fixing glazed shutters for doors, windows

9.9 Providing and fixing glazed shutters for doors, windows and clerestory windows
using 4 mm thick float glass panes, including ISI marked M.S. pressed butt hinges
bright finished of required size with necessary screws.

9.9.1 Second class teak wood

[Link] 35 mm thick / 9.9.L.2 30 mm thick /

9.9.2 Kiln seasoned and chemically treated hollock wood / [Link] 35 mm thick /
[Link] 30 mm thick /
9.9.3 Kiln seasoned selected planks of sheesham wood / [Link] 35 mm thick /
[Link] 30 mm thick
providing and fixing factory made laminated veneer lumber glazed shutter

9.10 Providing and fixing factory made laminated veneer lumber glazed shutter
conforming to IS: 74676 and TADS 15:2001 (Part B), using 4 mm thick float glass
panes for doors, windows and clerestory windows, including ISI marked M.S. pressed
butt hinges bright finished of required size with necessary screws, all as per directions
of Eng ineer-in-charge.

9.10.1 30 mm thick shutters

Providing and fixing fly proof galvanized M.S. wire gauge to windows
9.51 Providing and fixing fly proof galvanized M.S. wire gauge to windows and
clerestory windows using wire gauge with average width of aperture 7.4 mm in both
directions with wire of dia 0.63 mm all complete.

9.51.1 With 2nd class teak wood beading 62X19 mm

9.51.2 With 12 mm mild steel U beading

130 orluut Glunfrlurnorui ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) door shutter
9.118.2 30 mm thick factory made Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) door shutter made of
styles and rails of a UPVC hollow section of size 60x30 mm and wall thickness 2 mm
(+ 0.2 mm), with inbuilt decorative moulding edging on one side. The styles and rails
mitred and joint at the corners by means of M.S. galvanised/ plastic brackets of size
75x220 mm having wall thickness 1.0 mm and stainless steel screws. The styles of the
shutter reinforced by inserting galvanised M.S. tube of size 25x20 mm and 1mm
(+ 0.f mm) wall thickness. The lock rail made up of 'H'section, a UPVC hollow section
of size 100x30 mm and 2 mm (+ O.Z mm) wall thickness fixed to the shutter styles by
means of plastic/ galvanised M.S. 'U' cleats. The shutter frame filled with a UPVC multi-
chambered single panel of size not less than 620 mm, having over all thickness of 20
mm and 1 mm (+ O.f mm) wall thickness . The panels filled vertically and tie bar at two
places by inserting horizontally 6 mm galvanised M.S. rod and fastened with nuts and
washers, complete as per manufacturer's specification and direction of Engineer-in-
charge.

PVC flush door shutters

9.118.3 25 mm thick PVC flush door shutters made out of a one piece Multichamber
extruded PVC section of the size of 762 mm X 25 mm or less as per requirement with
an average wall thickness of 1 mm (+ 0.3 mm). pVC foam end cap of size 23x10 mm
are provided on both vertical edges to ensure the overall thickness of 25 mm. M.S. tube
having dimensions 19 mm x 19 mm and 1.0 mm (+ 0.1 mm) is inserted along the
hinge side of the door. Core of the door shutter should be filled with High Density
Polyurethane foam. The Top & Bottom edges of the shutter are covered with an end-cap
of the size 25 mm X 11 mm. Door shutter shall be reinforced with special polymeric
reinforcements as per manufacturer's specification and direction of Engineer-in-charge
to take up necessary hardware and fixtures. Stickers indicating the locations of
hardware will be pasted at appropriate places.

1O.O Steel Work

10.1 Structural steel work in single section, fixed with or without connecting plate,
including cutting, hoisting, fixing in position and applying a priming coat of approved
steel primer all complete.

Providing and fixing lmm thick M.S. sheet door with frame
10.5 Providing and fixing 1mm thick M.S. sheet door with frame of 4Ox4Ox6mm angle
iron and 3 mm M.S. gusset plates at the junctions and corners, all necessary fittings
complete, including applying a priming coat of approved steel primer.

10,5.1 Using M.S. angles 40x40x6 mm for diagonal braces

10.5.2 Using flats 30x6mm for diagonal braces and central cross piece

E oir-ut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Supplying and fixing rolling shutters
10.6 Supplying and fixing rolling shutters of approved make, made of required size M.S.
laths, interlocked together through their entire length and jointed together at the end
by end locks, mounted on specially designed pipe shaft with brackets, side guides and
arrangements for inside and outside locking with push and pull operation complete,
including the cost of providing and fixing necessary 27.5 cm long wire springs
manufactured from high tensile steel wire of adequate strength conforming to IS: 4454
- part 1 and M.S. top cover of required thickness for rolling shutters.

10.6.1 80x1.25 mm M.S. laths with 1.25 mm thick top cover

70.6.2 80x1,20 mm M.S. laths with 1.20 mm thick top cover
10.6.3 80x0.90 mm M,S. laths with 0.90 mm thick top cover

providing and fixing factory made ISI marked steel glazed doors, windows

10.11 providing and fixing factory made ISI marked steel glazed doors, windows
and ventilators, side /top /centre hung, with beading and all members such as F7D,
F4B, KL1 B and K72 B etc. complete of standard rolled steel sections, joints mitred and
flash butt welded and sash bars tenoned and riveted, including providing and fixing of
hinges, pivots, including priming coat of approved steel primer, but excluding the cost
of other fittings, complete all as per approved design, (sectional weight of only
steel members shall be measured for payment).

10.11.1 Fixing with 15x3 mm lugs 10 cm long embedded in cement concrete block
15x10x10 cm of c.c. [Link] (1 Cement : 3 coarse sand : 6 graded stone
aggregate 20 mm nominal size)
10.11.2 Fixing with carbon steel galvanised dash fastener of required
dia and size (to be paid for separately)

providing and fixing M.S. Tubular frames for doors, windows, ventilators
10.15 providing and fixing M.S. Tubular frames for doors, windows, ventilators and
cupboard with rectangularl L-Type sections, made of 1.60 mm thick M.S. Sheet, joints
mitred, welded and grinded finish, with profiles of required size, including fixing of
necessary butt hinges and screws and applying a priming coat of approved steel primer.

10.15.1 Fixing with 15x3 mm lugs 10 cm long embedded in cement concrete block
15x10x10 cm of c.c. [Link] (1 Cement: 3 coarse sand : 6 graded stone
aggregate 20 mm nominal size)
10.15.2 Fixing with carbon steel galvanised dash fastener of required dia and size (to be
paid for separatelY)

Providing and fixing M.S' Fan clamp

LO.L7 providing and fixing M.S. fan clamp type I or II of 16 mm dia M.S. bar, bent to
shape with hooked ends in R.C.C. slabs or beams during laying, including painting the
exposed portion of loop, all as per standard design complete.

E orlr-u[r Gurflurnonir ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Providing and fixing angle iron frames for doors, windows and ventilators
10.31 Providing and fixing angle iron frames for doors, windows and ventilators of mild
steel Angle sections of size 35x35x5 mm, joints mitred and welded by angle iron
35x35x5 mm or 35x 5 mm flat pieces to the existing T-iron frame or to the wall with
dash fastener, including fixing of necessary butt hinges and screws and applying a
priming coat of approved steel primer, all complete as per the direction of
Engineer-In-charge.

11. Flooring
Cement Concrete Flooring
IL.4 52 mm thick cement concrete flooring with concrete hardener topping, under
layer 40 mm thick cement concrete L:2:4 (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded stone
aggregate 20 mm nominal size) and top layer 12 mm thick cement hardener consisting
of mix 1:2 (1 cement hardener mix : 2 graded stone aggregate 6 mm nominal size) by
volume, hardening compound mixed @ 2 litre per 50 kg of cement or as per
manufacturer's specifications. This includes cost of cement slurry, but excluding the
cost of nosing of steps etc. complete.

Marble Chips Flooring

11.10 40 mm thick marble chips flooring, rubbed and polished to granolithic finish,
under layer 31 mm thick cement concrete \:2:4 (1 cement : 2coarse sand : 4 graded
stone aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size) and top layer 9 mm thick with white, black,
chocolate, grey, yellow or green marble chips of sizes from 4 mm to 7 mm nominal
size, laid in cement marble powder mix 3:1 (3 cement: l marble powder) by weight in
proportion of 4:7 (4 cement marble powder : 7 marble chips) by volume, including
cement slurry etc. complete.

11.10.1 Dark shade pigment with Ordinary cement

11.10.2 Light shade pigment with white cement
11.10.3 Medium shade pigment with 50o/o white cement and 50o/o ordinary cement
11.10.4 White cement without any pigment
11,10.5 Light shade pigment with ordinary cement
11.10.6 Ordinary cement without any pigment

11.11 40 mm thick marble chips flooring, rubbed and polished to granolithic finish,
under layer 28 mm thick cement concrete [Link] (1 cement : 2 coarse sand : 4 graded
stone aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size) and top layer 12 mm thick with white, black,
chocolate, grey yellow or green marble chips of sizes from 7 mm to 10 mm nominal
size, laid in cement marble powder mix 3:1 (3 cement : 1 marble powder) by weight in
proportion of 2:3 (2 cement marble powder mix : 3 marble chips) by
volume, including cement slurry etc. complete :

11.11.1 Dark shade pigment with ordinary cement

[Link].2 Light shade pigment with white cement
11.11.3 Medium shade pigment with 50o/o white cement and 50o/o ordinary cement

133 eiu-t [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

11.11.4 White cement without any pigment
11.11.5 Light shade pigment with ordinary cement
11,11.6 Ordinary cement without any pigment

Marble chips skirting

It.l2 Marble chips skirting up to 30 cm height, rubbed and polished to granolithic
finish, top layer 6 mm thick with white, black, chocolate, grey, yellow or green marble
chips of sizes from smallest to 4 mm nominal size, laid in cement marble powder mix
3:1 (3 cement : 1 marble powder) by weight in proportion of 4:7 (4 cement marble
powder mix : 7 marble chips) by volume :

LL.L2.1 18 mm thick with under layer 12 mm thick in cement plaster 1:3 (1 cement :

3 coarse sand):
Lt.12.1.1 Dark shade pigment with ordinary cement
71.L2.1.2 Light shade pigment with white cement
L1.12.1.3 Medium shade pigment with 50o/o white cement and 50% ordinary cement
LL.72.7.4 White cement without any pigment
LL.L2.1.5 Light shade pigment with ordinary cement
11.L2.1.6 Ordinary cement without any pigment

Marble stone flooring

LL.23 Marble stone flooring with 18 mm thick marble stone, as per sample of marble
approved by Engineer-in-charge, over 20 mm (average) thick base of cement mortar
t:4 (L cement : 4 coarse sand) laid and jointed with grey cement slurry, including
rubbing and polishing complete with :

Ceramic Glazed Wal! Tiles

11.36 Providing and fixing Ist quality ceramic glazed wall tiles conforming to IS: L5622
(thickness to be specified by the manufacturer), of approved make, in all colours,
shades except burgundy, bottle green, black of any size as approved by Engineer-in-
Charge, in skirting, risers of steps and dados, over 12 mm thick bed of cement mortar
1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand) and jointing with grey cement slurry @ 3.3k9 per sqm,
including pointing in white cement mixed with pigment of matching shade
complete.

11.37A Providing and fixing 1st quality ceramic glazed floor tiles conforming to
IS : L5622 (thickness to be specified by the manufacturer ) of approved make in all
colours, shades except burgundy, bottle green, black of any size as approved by
Engineer-in-Charge in skirting, risers of steps and dados over 12 mm thick bed of
cement Mortar 1:3 (lcement: 3 coarse sand) and jointing with grey cement slurry @
3.3kg per sqm including pointing in white cement mixed with pigment of matching
shade complete.

11.38 Providing and laying Ceramic glazed floor tiles of size 300x300 mm (thickness to
be specified by the manufacturer), of 1st quality conforming to IS : 15622, of approved
make, in all colours, shades, except White,Ivory, Grey, Fume Red Brown, laid on

L34 oiu-t Gurflunonfr ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

20 mm thick bed of cement mortar L:4 (7 Cement : 4 Coarse sand), jointing with grey
cement slurry @ 3.3k9/sqm including pointing the joints with white cement and
matching pigments etc., complete.

Vitrified tiles flooring

11.47 Providing and laying Vitrified tiles in different sizes (thickness to be specified by
the manufacturer), with water absorption less than 0.08o/o and conforming to IS:
75622, of approved brand & manufacturer, in all colours and shade, in skifting, riser of
steps, laid with cement based high polymer modified quick set tile adhesive (water
based) conforming to IS: t5477, in average 6 mm thickness, including grouting of
joints (Payment for grouting of joints to be made separately).

11.47 .1 Size of Tile 500x500 mm / 7t.47.2 Size of Tile 600x600 mm

L7.47.3 size of Tile 800x800 mm / tL.47.4 size of Tite 1000x1000 mm

12. Roofing

Sheet Roofing
12.1 Providing corrugated G.S. sheet roofing including veftical / curved surface fixed
with polymer coated J or L hooks, bolts and nuts B mm diameter with bitumen and G.I.
limpet washers or with G.L limpet washers filled with white lead, including a coat of
approved steel primer and two coats of approved paint on overlapping of sheets
complete (up to any pitch in horizontal/ vertical or curved surfaces), excluding the cost
of purlins, rafters and trusses and including cutting to size and shape wherever
req u ired.
72.1.L 1.00 mm thick with zinc coating not less than 275 gm/m2
12.7.2 0.80 mm thick with zinc coating not less than 275 gm/mz
12.L.3 0.63 mm thick with zinc coating not less than 275 gm/ m2

12.3 Extra for circular cutting in C,G.S sheet roofing for making opening of area
exceeding 40 sq. decimeter:

72.3.1 1.00 mm thick

t2.3.2 0.80 mm thick
72.3.3 0.63 mm thick

12.8 Providing high impact Polypropylene reinforced cement 6 mm thick corrugated

sheets (as per IS: 14871) roofing up to any pitch and fixing with polymer coated J, or L
hooks, bolts and nuts B mm dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers or with self drilling
fastener and EPDM washers etc. complete (excluding the cost of purlins, rafters and
trusses), including cutting sheets to size and shape wherever required.

135 orl-ufr [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Ceiling

12.24 Providing and fixing insulating board ceiling of approved quality with
necessary nails etc. complete (frame work to be paid separately) :

L2.24.1 Natural colour insulating board

L2.24.1.1 12 mm thick
12.24.2 White face insulating board
[Link] 12 mm thick
12.24.3 Flame retardant face insulating board
[Link] 12 mm thick

Wall Face Unplasticised Rigid PVC Rain Water Pipes

t2.4L Providing and fixing on wall face unplasticised Rigid PVC rain water pipes
conforming to IS : 13592 Type A, including jointing with seal ring conforming to
IS : 5382, leaving 10 mm gap for thermal expansion, (i) Single socketed pipes.
L2.4l.t 75 mm diameter / L2.47.2 110 mm diameter
Providing and Fixing False Ceiling
t2.45 providing and fixing false ceiling at all height including providing and fixing of
frame work made of special sections, power pressed from M.S. sheets and galvanized
with zinc coating of 120 gms/sqm (both side inclusive) as per IS : 277 and consisting of
angle cleats of size 25 mm wide x 1.6 mm thick with flanges of 27 mm and 37mm,
at 1200 mm centre to centre, one flange fixed to the ceiling with dash fastener 12.5
mm dia x 50mm long with 6mm dia bolts, other flange of cleat fixed to the angle
hangers of 25x10x0.50 mm of required length with nuts & bolts of required size and
other end of angle hanger fixed with intermediate G.I. channels 45x15x0.9 mm running
at the spacing of 1200 mm centre to centre, to which the ceiling section 0.5 mm thick
bottom wedge of B0 mm with tapered flanges of 26 mm each having lips of 10.5 mm,
at 450 mm centre to centre, shall be fixed in a direction perpendicular to G.I.
intermediate channel with connecting clips made out of 2.64 mm dia x 230 mm long
G.I. wire at every junction, including fixing perimeter channels 0.5 mm thick 27 mm
high having flanges of 20 mm and 30 mm long, the perimeter of ceiling fixed to
wall/partition with the help of rawl plugs at 450 mm centre, with 25mm long dry wall
screws @ 230 mm interval, including fixing of gypsum board to ceiling section and
perimeter channel with the help of dry wall screws of size 3.5 x 25mm at 230 mm c/c,
including jointing and finishing to a flush finish of tapered and square edges of the
board with recommended jointing compound , jointing tapes , finishing with jointing
compound in 3 layers covering upto 150 mm on both sides of joint and two coats of
primer suitable for board, all as per manufacturer's specification and also including the
cost of making openings for light fittings, grills, diffusers, cutouts made with frame of
perimeter channels suitably fixed, all complete as per drawings, specification and
direction of the Engineer in Charge but excluding the cost of painting with :

L2.45.1 L2.5 mm thick taPered edge gypsum plain board conforming

to IS: 2095- Part I

136 oiult Grrfluncnfr oeGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 t2.45.2 12.5 mm thick tapered edge gypsum fire resistant board conforming to
IS: 2095- Part I
t2.45.3 12'5 mm thick tapered edge gypsum moisture resistant board
L2.45.4 Fully Perforated Gypsum plaster Board of size 1200 x 24ooxl2.5 mm having
approx. 15 o/o perforated area with perforation size and pattern as approved
by the Engineer-in-charge and as per manufacturer's specification, with all 4
side tapered and backed by acoustical tissue with NRC value not less than 0.60

t2.46 Providing and fixing to the inlet mouth of rain water pipe pTMT (an Engineering
Thermoplastic) grating square (Slit) 150 mm square with a height of B mm
and
weighing not less than 100 gms.

Providing and fixing tiled false ceiling

12.52 Providing and fixing tiled false ceiling of specified materials of size 595x595
mm
in true horizontal level, suspended on inter locking metal grid of hot dipped galvanized
steel sections ( galvanized @ L2O grams/ sqm, both side inclusive) consisting of
main
"T" runner with suitably spaced joints to get required length and of size 24x38mm
made from 0.30 mm thick (minimum) sheet, spaced at 1200mm center to center
and
cross "T" of size 24x25 mm made of 0.30mm thick (minimum) sheet, 1200 mm long
spaced between main "T" at 600 mm center to center to form a grid of 1200x600
mm
and secondary cross "T" of length 600 mm and size 24x25 mm made of 0.30 mm thick
(minimum) sheet to be interlocked at middle of the 1200x600 mm panel to
form grids
of 600x600 mm and wall angle of size 24x24x0.3 mm and laying false ceiling tiles of
approved texture in the grid including, required cutting/making, opening for services
like diffusers, grills, light fittings, fixtures, smoke detectors etc. Main ,,T,,runners
to be
suspended from ceiling using GI slotted cleats of size 27 x 37 x 25 x1.6 mm
fixed to
ceiling with 12.5 mm dia and 50mm long dash fasteners, 4 mm GI adjustable rods
with
galvanised butterfly level clips of size 85 x 30 x 0.8 mm spaced at 1200
mm center to
center along main T, bottom exposed width of 24 mm of all T-sections shall be
pre-painted with polyester paint, all complete for all heights as per specifications,
drawings and as directed by Engineer-in-charge.

Gf Metal Ceiling
72'52.1 GI Metal Ceiling Lay in plain regular edge Global white color tiles of size
595x595 mm, and 0.5 mm thick with Bmm drop; made of G I sheet having galvanizing
of lOOgms/sqm (both sides inclusive) and electro statically polyester powder coated of
thickness 60 microns (minimum), including factory painted after bending.

t2.52.2 GI Metal Ceiling Lay in perforated regular edge global white color tiles of size
595x595 mm and 0.5 mm thick with B mm drop; made of GI sheet having galvanizing
of 100 gms/sqm (both sides inclusive) and 2Oo/o pertoration area with 1.8 mm dia holes
and having NRC (Noise Reduction Coefficient ) of 0.5, electro statically polyester powder
coated of thickness 60 microns (minimum), including factory painted after bending
and
perforation, and backed with a black Glass fiber acoustical fleece.

L37 orir-u[r GLrflunonrt orcGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 PVC Laminated GYPsum Tile
L2.52.312.5 mm thick square edge PVC Laminated Gypsum Tile of size 595x595 mm,
made of Gypsum plasterboard, manufactured from natural gypsum as per IS 2095
part I and laminated with white 0.16mm thick fire retardant PVC film on the face side
and l2micron metalized polyester on the back side with all edges sealed with the face
side pVC film which goes around and wraps the edges and is bonded to the edges and
the back side metalized polyester film so as to make the tile a completely sealed unit.

Perforated GyPsum Board tile

t2.52.4 12.5 mm thick fully Perforated Gypsum Board tile made from plasterboard
having glass fibre conforming to IS: 2095 part I, of size 595x595 ffiffi, having
perforation of 9.7x9.7 mm at 19.4 mm c/c with center borders of 48mm and the side
borders of 30 mm, backed with non woven tissue on the back side, having an NRC
( Noise Reduction Coefficient) of 0.79, with 50 mm resin bonded glass wool backing.
L2.53 providing and Fixing 15 mm thick densified tegular edged eco friendly light
weight calcium silicate false ceiting tiles of approved texture of size 595 x 595 mm
in true horizontal level, suspended on inter locking metal grid of hot dipped galvanised
steel sections (galvanising @ 120 grams per sqm including both side) consisting of main
.T, runner suitably spaced at joints to get required length and of size 24x38 mm made

from 0.33 mm thick (minimum) sheet, spaced 1200 mm centre to centre, and cross "T"
of size 24x28 mm made out of 0.33 mm (Minimum) sheet, 1200 mm long spaced
between mainT' at 600 mm centre to centre to form a grid of 1200x600 mm and
secondary cross 'T' of length 600 mm and size 24 x2B mm made of 0.33 mm thick
(Minimum) sheet to be inter locked at middle of the 1200x 600 mm panel to from grid
of size 600x600 mm, resting on periphery walls /partitions on a Perimeter wall angle
pre-coated steel of size(24x24X3OOO mm made of 0.40 mm thick (minimum) sheet with
the help of rawl plugs at 450 mm centre to centre with 25 mm long dry wall screws @
230 mm interval and laying 15 mm thick densified edges calicum silicate ceiling tiles of
approved texture in the grid, including, cutting/ making opening"for services like
diffusers, grills, light fittings, fixtures, smoke detectors etc., wherever required. Main'T'
runners to be suspended from ceiling using G.I. slotted cleats of size 25x35x1.6 mm
fixed to ceiling with 12.5 mm dia and 50 mm long dash fasteners, 4 mm G.I. adjustable
rods with galvanised steel level clips of size 85 x 30 x 0.8 mm, spaced at 1200 mm
centre to centre along main 'T', bottom exposed with 24 mm of all Tsections shall be
p, re-painted with polyster baked paint, for all heights, as per specifications, drawings
un.1 as directed lry Engineer-in-Charge.
oi-ur-[r ourfurnonir eooGuro Building Engineers Hand Book
!fl
 13. Finishing

Pebble Dash Plaster

13.20 Pebble dash plaster upto 10 m height above ground level with a mixture of
washed pebble or crushed stone 6 mm to 12.5 mm nominal size, dashed
over and
including fresh plaster in two layers under layer 12 mm cement plaster L:4
(1 cement : 4 coarse sand) and top layer 10 mm cement plaster with cement
moftar
1:3 (1 cement: 3 fine sand) mixed with 10% finely grounded hydrated lime by volume
of cement.
Plain Cement Moftar Bands
73'28 72 mm thick plain cement mortar bands in cement mortar l:4
(lcement:4finesand):
13.28.1 Flush Band / 13.28.2 sunk Band / t3.28.3 Raised Band /
t3.28.4 Moulded Band
Pointing on stone work
13.33 Pointing on stone work with cement moftar 1:3 (1 cement: 3 fine sand) :
13.33.1 Flush/ Ruled pointing
L3.33.2 Raised and cut pointing
Deluxe Multi surface paint system
13'48 Finishing with Deluxe Multi surface paint system for interiors and exteriors
using
Primer as per manufacturers specifications :

13.48.1 Two or more coats applied on walls @ 1.25 ltrllO sqm over and including one
coat of Special primer applied @ 0.75 ltr /10 sqm
Painting with wood work
73.48.2 Painting wood work with Deluxe Multi Surface Paint of required shade.
Two or
more coat applied @ 0.90 ltrl10 sqm over an under coat of primer applied
@0.75 ltrl10
sqm of approved brand and manufacture
Painting with Steel work
13.48.3 Painting Steel work with Deluxe Multi Surface Paint to give an even shade.
Two
or more coat applied @ 0.90 ltrl 10 sqm over an under coat of primer applied [Link]
@
Itr/ l0 sqm of approved brand and manufacture
Floor polishing on mason ry / concrete floors
73.70 Floor polishing on masonry or concrete floors with wax polish of approved
brand
and manufacture.

Plaster on cement concrete

13'86 6 mm plaster on cement concrete or reinforced cement concrete work with
white cement based polymer modified self curing mortar of approved make as per
the
direction of Engineer-In-Charge.

139 eiudr Olrflrunmfr cooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

14. Repairs to Building

Repairs to Plaster
14.1 Repairs to plaster of thickness 12 mm to 20 mm in patches of area 2.5 sq. meters
and under, including cutting the patch in proper shape, raking out
joints and preparing
and plastering the surface of the walls complete, including disposal of rubbish to the
dumping ground, all complete as per directions of Engineer-In-Charge.
14.L.l With cement moftar 1:4 (1 cement : 4 fine sand)
14.1.2 With cement mortar 1:4 (lcement: 4 coarse sand)

Making the opening in brick masonry

14.4 Making the opening in brick masonry including dismantling in floor or walls by
jambs complete,
cutting masonry and making good the damages to walls, flooring and
to match existing surface i/c disposal of mulba/ rubbish to the nearest municipal
dumping ground, all complete as per directions of Engineer-In-Charge.

Terracing of Mud Phaska with tiles or brick

14.L3 Re grading terracing of mud phaska covered with tiles or brick, in cement by
dismaniling tiles or bricks, removing mud plaster, preparing the surface of mud
phaska
to proper slope, relaying mud plaster gobri leaping and tiles or bricks, grouted in
cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement: 3 fine sand), including replacing unserviceable tiles or
ground (the
bricks with new ones and disposal of unserviceable material to the dumping
cost of the new tiles or brick excluded), all complete as per directions of Engineer-In-
Charge.

Removing dry or oil bound distemper

14.46 Removing dry or oil bound distemper, water proofing cement paint and the like
by scrapping, sand papering and preparing the surface smooth including necessary
repairs to scratches etc. complete.

14.57 painting with black anti-corrosive bitumastic paint of approved brand and
manufacture to give an even shade :

L4.57.1 One or more coats on old work

Providing and fixing double scaffolding system

14.72 Providing and fixing double scaffolding system (cup lock type) on the exterior
side, up to seven story height made with 40 mm dia M'S. tube 1'5 m centre to centre'
horizontal & vertical tubes joining with cup & lock system with M.s. tubes, M.s' tube
platform
challies, M.S. clamps and M.S. staircase system in the scaffolding for working
etc. and maintaining it in a serviceable condition for the required duration as approved
and removing it there after .The scaffolding system shall be stiffened with bracings,
runnersr connection with the building etc wherever required for inspection of work at
per
required locations with essential safety features for the workmen etc' complete as
directions and approval of Engineering- charge .The elevational area of the scaffolding
shall be measured for payment purpose .The payment will be made once irrespective of
duration of scaffolding.

L40 oir-uir [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Routine Maintenance Work
14.75A Cleaning of terrace/loft water storage tank (inside suface area) upto 2000 litre
capacity at all heights with coconut brushes, duster etc., removal of silt, rubbish from
the tank and cleaning the tank with fresh water disinfecting with bleaching powder
@ 0.59m per litre capacity of tank, including marking the date of cleaning on the side of
tank body with the help of stencil and paint and disposing of malba, all complete as per
direction of Engineer-in-Charge. (The old date already written on tank should be
removed with paint remover or black paint and if date is not written with the stencil or
old date is not removed deduction will be made @ Rs. 0.10 per litre if during cleaning
any GI fittings or ball cock is damaged that is to be repaired by contractor at his own
cost and nothing extra will be paid on this account)

74.84 Dismantling 15 to 40 mm dia G.I. pipe including stacking of dismantled pipes

within 50 metres lead as per direction of Engineer- in-Charge. (a) Internal Work -
Exposed on wall.

14.85 Taking out existing wooden door shutter, repair by cutting, painting etc. and
refixing of repaired door shutters to existing door frames, including replacement of
hinges with screws, etc. as required, all complete as per the direction of the
Eng ineer-in-charge.

15. Dismantling and Demolishing

15.2 Demolishing cement concrete manually/ by mechanical means including disposal

of material within 50 metres lead as per direction of Engineer - in - charge.

75.2.L Nominal concrete [Link] or richer mix (i/c equivalent design mix)
t5.2.2 Nominal concrete l:4:B or leaner mix (i/c equivalent design mix)
15.3 Demolishing R.C.C. work manually/ by mechanical means including stacking of
steel bars and disposal of unserviceable material within 50 metres lead as per direction
of Engineer - in- charge.

15.7 Demolishing brick work manually/ by mechanical means including stacking of

serviceable material and disposal of unserviceable material within 50 metres lead as per
direction of Eng ineer-in-charge.

L5.7.L In mud mortar

15.7.2In lime mortar with old mughal bricks
15.7.3In lime mortar
t5.7.4In cement mortar

15.72 Dismantling doors, windows and clerestory windows (steel or wood) shutter
including chowkhats, architrave, holdfasts etc. complete and stacking within 50 metres
lead :

L4L orl-r-t Glrfluncnri moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

15.12.1 Of area 3 sq. metres and below
L5.12.2 Of area beyond 3 sq. metres

15.14 Dismantling wood work in frames, trusses, purlins and rafters up to 10 metres
span and 5 metres height including stacking the material within 50 metres lead :

t5.L4.1 Of sectional area 40 square centimetres and above

15.L4.2 Of sectional area below 40 square centimetres

15.17 Dismantling steel work in single sections including dismembering and stacking
within 50 metres lead in:

L5.L7.1 R.S. Joists

L5.L7.2 Channels, angles, tees and flats

15.28 Dismantling roofing including ridges, hips, valleys and gutters etc., and stacking
the material within 50 metres lead of:

15.28.1 G.S. Sheet

75.28.2 Asbestos sheet

15.36 Dismantling barbed wire or flexible wire rope in fencing including making rolls
and stacking within 50 metres lead.

15.40 Dismantling precast concrete or stone slabs in walls, paftition walls etc. including
stacking within 50 metres lead :

15.40.1 Thickness up to 40 mm
15.40.2 Thickness above 40 mm up to 75 mm

L5.42 Dismantling C.I. or asbestos rain water pipe with fittings and clamps including
stacking the material within 50 metres lead :

L5.42.1 75 to B0 mm dia pipe

75.42.2100 mm dia pipe
15.42.3 150 mm dia pipe

15.55 Dismantling of cement concrete platform along with curtain walls and base
concrete etc. including stacking of useful materials near the site and disposal of
unserviceable materials within 50 metres lead :

15.55.1 120 x 120 cm (outside to outside)

15.55.2 210 x 120 cm (outside to outside)

t42 oiuu[r Glrrfluncnr? ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 15.55.3 320 x 120 cm (outside to outside)

15.58 Demolishing R.C.C. work by mechanical means and stockpiling at designated

locations and disposal of dismantled materials up to a lead of 1 kilometre, stacking
serviceable and unserviceable material separately including cutting reinforcement bars.

15.60 Disposal of building rubbish / malba / similar unserviceable, dismantled or waste

materials by mechanical means, including loading, transporting, unloading to approved
municipal dumping ground or as approved by Engineer-in-charge, beyond 50 m initial
lead, for all leads including all lifts involved.

16. Road Work

16.1 Preparation and consolidation of sub grade with power road roller of B to 12 tonne
capacity after excavating earth to an average of 22.5 cm depth, dressing to camber and
consolidating with road roller including making good the undulations etc. and re-rolling
the sub grade and disposal of surplus earth with lead upto 50 metres.

16.3 Supplying and stacking at site.

16.3.1 90 mm to 45 mm size stone aggregate
76.3.2 63 mm to 45 mm size stone aggregate
16.3.3 53 mm to 22.4 mm size stone aggregate
76.3.4 Over burnt (Jhama) brick aggregate 120 mm to 40 mm
16.3.5 Over burnt (Jhama) brick aggregate 90 mm to 45 mm
16.3.6 Stone screening 13.2 mm nominal size (Type A)
16.3.7 Stone screening 11.2 mm nominal size (Type B)
16.3.8 Red bajri
16.3.9 Good earth
16.3.10 Moorum

16.4 Laying, spreading and compacting stone aggregate of specified sizes to WBM
specifications in uniform thickness, hand picking, rolling with 3 wheeled road / vibratory
roller B-10 tonne capacity in stages to proper grade and camber, applying and
brooming requisite type of screening / binding material to fill up interstices of coarse
aggregate, watering and compacting to the required density .

16'9 Scarifying metalled (water-bound) road surface including disposal of rubbish, lead
upto 50 m and consolidation of the aggregate received from scarifying with power road
roller of B to 10 tonne capacity.
Fencing
16.15 Supplying at site :

16.15'1 R.C.C. Standards post/ struts/rails/ pales of mix 1:1.5:3 (1 cement : 1.5 coarse
sand : 3 graded stone aggregate 12.5 mm nominal size) with wooden plugs or 6mm bar

143 oiuulr Olrflurnorir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

nibs wherever required as per direction of Engineer-incharge (cost of earth works in
excavation, concrete works in foundation to be paid separately).

L6.15.2 Welded steel wire fabric of required width having rectangular mesh painted
with two or more coats of enamel paint of approved shade over a coat of primer
(Priming & Painting to be paid for separately).

L6.t7 Fencing with R.C.C. post placed at required distance, embedded in cement
concrete blocks, every 15th post, last but one end post and corner post shall be
strutted on both sides and end post one side only, provided with horizontal lines and
two diagonals of barbed wire weighing 9.38 kg per 100 metres (minimum), between the
two posts fitted and fixed with G.I. staples on wooden plugs or G.I. binding wire tied to
6 mm bar nibs fixed while casting the post. (cost of R.C.C. posts, struts, earth work and
concrete to be paid for separately) :- Payment to be made per metre cost of total
length of barbed wire used.

16.L7.1 With G.I. barbed wire metre

16.18 Fencing with angle iron post placed at required distance embedded in cement
concrete blocks, every 15th post, last but one end post and corner post shall be
strutted on both sides and end post on one side only and provided with horizontal lines
and two diagonals interwoven with horizontal wires, of barbed wire weighing 9.38 kg
per 100 m (minimum), between the two posts fitted and fixed with G,I. staples, turn
buckles etc. complete. (Cost of posts, struts, earth work and concrete work to be paid
for separately). Payment to be made per metre cost of total length of barbed wire used.

16.18.1 With G.I. barbed wire

t6.20 Welded steel wire fabric fencing with posts of specified material and of standard
design placed and embedded in cement concrete blocks 45x45x 60 cm of mix [Link]
(1 cement:5 fine sand : 10 graded stone aggregate 40 mm nominal size), every 15th
post, last but one end post and corner post shall be strutted on both sides and end post
on one side only and struts embedded in cement concrete blocks 70x45x50 cm of the
same mix, provided with welded steel wire fabric fixed between the posts fitted and
fixed with G.I. staples on wooden plugs or tied to 6 mm bar nibs with G.I. binding wire
(cost of posts, welded steel wire fabric, painting, earth work in excavation and concrete
to be paid for separately).

Road Signs

t6.23 Providing and fixing 15 cm dia at top, 20 cm at bottom and 90 cm high precast
reinforced cement concrete 1:1.5:3 (1 cement: 1.5 coarse sand : 3 graded stone
aggregate 20 mm nominal size) boundary stone as per standard design, including
finishing smooth with cement mortar 1:3 (1 cement : 3 fine sand) (cost of excavation,
refilling and concreting to be paid for separately).

t44 oir-r-t [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Surface Dressing
t6.26 Surface dressing on new surface in two coats with bitumen of grade VG -10 of
approved quality using 1.8 kg of bitumen per sqm with 1.5 cum of stone chippings 13.2
mm nominal size per 100 sqm of road suface for first coat and 1.1 kg. of bitumen per
sqm with 1.00 [Link] of stone chippings 11.2 mm nominal size per 100 sqm of
road surface for second coat, including consolidation of each coat separately with road
roller of 6 to B tonne capacity etc. complete.

Premix Carpet
16.30 Providing and applying tack coat using hot straight run bitumen of grade VG - 10,
including heating the bitumen, spraying the bitumen with mechanically operated spray
unit fitted on bitumen boiler, cleaning and preparing the existing road surface as per
specifications :

16.30.1 On W.B.M. @ 0.75 Kg / sqm

16.30.2 On bituminous surface @ 0.50 Kg / sqm
16.36 Providing and laying Bitumen Penetration Macadam with hard stone aggregate of
quality, size and grading as specified, with bitumen of suitable penetration grade,
including required key aggregate as specified, spreading coarse aggregate with the help
of self propelled/tipper tail mounted aggregate spreader and applying bitumen by a
pressure distributor and then spreading key aggregate with the help of aggregate
spreader complete, including consolidation with road roller of minimum B to 10 tonne
capacity to achieve specified values of compaction and surface accuracy :

16.36.1 For 50mm compacted thickness using coarse aggregate of size 50-20 mm
graded @ 0.60 cum per 10 sqm key aggregate of size 12.5 mm graded @ 0.15 cum per
10 sqm. With paving asphalt grade VG - 10 @ 50 kgl 10sqm.

76.36.2 For 75 mm compacted thickness in two layers using stone aggregate of size
63-41 mm graded @ 0.90 cum per 10 sqm key aggregate of size 20.0 mm graded
@ 0.18 cum per 10 sqm. With paving asphalt grade VG - 10 @ 68 kgl10 sqm.

Sea! Coat
16.40 Providing and laying seal coat of premixed fine aggregate ( passing 2.36 mm and
retained on 180 micron sieve) with bitumen using 128 kg of bitumen of grade VG - 10
bitumen per cum of fine aggregate and 0.60 cum of fine aggregate per 100 sqm of road
surface, including rolling and finishing with road roller all complete.

Concrete Pavements
76.43 "Providing and laying design mix cement concrete of M-30 grade, in roads/ taxi
tracks/ runways, using cement content as per design mix, using coarse sand and
graded stone aggregate of 40 mm nominal size in appropriate proportions as per
approved & specified design criteria, providing dowel bars with sleeve/ tie bars
wherever required, laying at site, spreading and compacting mechanically by using
needle and surface vibrators, levelling to required slope/ camber, finishing with required

L45 oiur-t Gl-urflurnonir moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

texture, including steel form work with sturdy M.S. channel sections, curing, making
provision for contraction/ expansion, construction & longitudinal joints ( 10 mm wide x
50 mm deep) by groove cutting machine, providing and filling joints with approved joint
filler and sealants, complete all as per direction of Engineer-in-charge (Item of joint
fillers, sealants, dowel bars with sleeve/ tie bars to be paid separately)'
Note:- Cement content considered in M-30 is @ 340 kglcum. Excess/
less cement used as per design mix is payable/ recoverable
separately. I

16.43.1 Cement concrete prepared with batch mixing machine cum 6893.25
t6.43.2 Cement concrete manufactured in automatic batching
plant (RMC plant) i/c transportation to site in transit mixer

Miscellaneous
16.50 Providing and fixing Glow studs of size 100x20 mm made of heavy duty body
shall be moulded ASA (Acrylic styrene Acryloretrite ) or HIP (High impact polystyrene)
or ABS having electronically welded micro- prismatic lens with abrasion resistant
coating as approved by Engineer in charge. The glow stud shall support a load of
13635 kg tested in accordance with ASTM D4280. The slope of retro- reflective surface
shall be 35 (+/-5) degress to base .The reflective panels on both sides with at least
12 cm of reflective area up each side. The luminance intensity should be as per the
specification and shall be tested as described in ASTM I: 809 as recommended in
BS: 873 part 4 : 1973. The studs shall be fixed to the Road surface using the adhesive
conforming to IS, as per procedure recommended by the manufacturer complete and as
per direction of Engineer-in-charge.

16.59 Manufacturing, supplying and fixing retro reflective sign boards made up of 2 mm
thick aluminium sheet, face to be fully covered with high intensity encapsulated type
heat activated retro reflective sheeting conforming to type - IV of ASTM-D 4956-01 in
blue and silver white or other colour combination including subject matter, message
(bilingual), symbols and borders etc. as per IRC ; 67:200L, pasted on substrate by an
adhesive backing which shall be activated by applying heat and pressure conforming to
class -2 of ASTM-D-4956-01 and fixing the same with suitable sized aluminium alloy
rivets @ 20 cm c/c to back support frame of M.S. angle iron of size 25x25x3 mm
along with theft resistant measures, mounted and fixed with 2 Nos. M.S. angles of size
35x35x5 mm to a vertical post made up to M.S. Tee section ISMT 50x50x6 mm welded
with base plate of size 100x100x5 mm at the bottom end and including making holes in
pipes, angles flats, providing & fixing M.S. message plate of required size, steel work to
be painted with two or more coats of synthetic enamel paint of required shade and of
approved brand & manufacture over priming coat of zinc chromate yellow primer
(vertical MS-Tee support to be painted in black and white colours). Backside of
aluminium sheet to be painted with two or more coats of epoxy paint over and including
appropriate priming coat including all leads and lifts etc. complete as per drawing,
specification and direction of Engineer--in-charge.

L46 oir-ut G[.rnflunorri oEGurO Building Engineers Hand Book

 16.59.1 Mandatory/ Regulatory sign boards of 900 mm diameter with support
length of 3750 mm
16.59.2 Cautionary /warning sign boards of equilateral triangular shape having
each side of 900 mm with support length of 3650mm
16.63 Providing, laying and making kerb channel 30 cm wide and 50 mm thick with
cement concrete [Link] (1 cement: 3 coarse sand:6 graded stone aggregate 20 mm
nominal size) over 75mm bed of dry brick ballast 40 mm nominal size, well rammed
and consolidated and grouted with fine sand, including finishing the top smooth etc.
complete and as per direction of Engineer-in-charge.
16.68 Providing and laying 60mm thick factory made cement concrete interlocking
paver block of M -30 grade made by block making machine with strong vibratory
compaction, of approved size, design & shape, laid in required colour and pattern
over
and including 50mm thick compacted bed of coarse sand, filling the joints with line sand
etc. all complete as per the direction of Engineer-in-charge.
L6.75 Providing and laying C.C. pavement of mix M-25 with ready mixed concrete from
batching plant. The ready mixed concrete shall be laid and finished with screed board
vibrator , vacuum dewatering process and finally finished by floating, brooming with
wire brush etc. complete as per specifications and directions of Engineer-incharge.
(The panel shuttering work shall be paid for separately).
16.81 Providing and erecting 2.00 metre high temporary barricading at site as per
drawing/ direction of Engineer-in-Charge which includes writing and painting,
arrangement for traffic diversion such as traffic signals during construction at site for
day and night, glow lamps, reflective signs, marking, flags, caution tape as directed by
the Engineer-in- Charge. The barricading provided shall be retained in position at site
continuously i/c shifting of barricading from one location to another location as many
times as required during the execution of the entire work till its completion. Rate
include its maintenance for damages, painting, all incidentals, labour materials,
equipments and works required to execute the job. The barricading shall not be
removed without prior approval of Engineer-in-Charge.
16.89 Providing and laying matt finished vitrified tile of size 300x300x9.8mm having
water absorption less than O.5o/o and conforming to IS: 15622 of approved make in
all
colours and shades in outdoor floors such as footpath, couft yard, multi modals location
etc., laid on 20mm thick base of cement mortar L:4 (l cement : 4 coarse sand) in all
shapes & patterns including grouting the joints with white cement mixed with matching
pigments etc. complete as per direction of Engineer-in-charge.
16.91 Providing and laying factory made chamfered edge Cement Concrete paver
blocks In foot path, park & lawns driveway or light & traffic parking etc. of required
strength, thickness & sizel shape, made by table vibratory method using pU mould, laid
in required colour & pattern over 50mm thick compacted bed of course sand,
compacting and proper embedding/laying of inter locking paver blocks into the sand
bedding layer through vibratory compaction by using plate vibrator, filling the joints
with sand and cutting of paver blocks as per required size and pattern, finishing and

L47 oir-u[r [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

sweeping extra sand, all complete as per manufacturer's specifications & direction of
Engineerin- Charge.

16.91,1 60mm thick Cement concrete paver block of M-35 grade with approved colour,
design & Pattern.
[Link].2 Bomm thick Cement concrete paver block of M-30 grade with approved colour,
design & Pattern.

16.96 providing & making Gabion structure with Mechanically Woven Double Twisted
Hexagonal Shaped Wire mesh Gabion Boxes as per IS 16014:2012,MORTH Clause
2500, of required size, Mesh Type 10x12(D= 100 mm with tolerance of t2o/o),
Zinc+LOo/o Al alloy+PVC coated, Mesh wire diameter 2.713.7mm
(IDIOD), mechanically
edged/selvedged with partitions at every 1m interval and shall have minimum 10
numbers of openings per meter of mesh perpendicular to twist, tying with lacing wire of
diameter 2.2/3.2mm(IDlOD), supplied @3% by weight of Gabion boxes, filled with
per directions
boulders with least dimension of 200 mm, as per drawing, all complete as
of Engineer- incharge.

18, Water SUPPIY

[Link]-PE COMPOSITE PRESSORE PIPES

18.1 providing and fixing Polyethelene-Aluminium-Polyethelene (PE-AL-PE) Composite
pressure pipes conforming to IS - 15450, U.V. stabilized with carbon black having
thermal stability for hot & cold water supply, capable to withstand temperature up to
BO.C, including all special fittings of composite material (engineering plastic blend
and
brass inserts wherever required) e.9. elbows, tees, reducers, couplers & connectors
etc., with clamps at 1.00 metre spacing. This includes testing of joints complete as
per
direction of the Engineer in charge.

INTERNAL WORK . EXPOSED ON WALL

18.1.1 1216 (16 mm OD) pipe / LB.t.21620 (20 mm OD) pipe
18.1.3 2025 (25 mm OD) pipe I 18.1.4 2s32 (32 mm OD) pipe
18.1.5 3240 (4O mm OD) pipe / 18.1.6 4050 (50 mm OD) pipe

18.7 Providing and fixing chlorinated Polyvinyl chloride (cPVc) pipes, having thermal
stability for hot & cold water supply, including all CPVC plain & brass threaded fittings,
jointing of pipes &
including fixing the pipe with clamps at 1.00 m spacing. This includes
fittings with one step GPVC solvent cement and testing of joints complete as per
direction of Engineer in Charge'

Internal work - ExPosed on wall

18.7.1 15 mm nominal outerdia Pipes 1t8.7.2 20 mm nominal outerdia Pipes
LB.7 .3 25 mm nominal outer dia Pipes I L8.7.4 32 mm nominal outer dia
Pipes
18,7.5 40 mm nominal outerdia Pipes I L8.7.6 50 mm nominal outerdia Pipes

L48 oir-ut [Link]-nmfr moGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

2O. Pile Work
Bored Cast-In-Situ Reinforced Cement Concrete Piles
20.2 Boring, providing and installation bored cast-in-situ reinforced cement concrete
piles of grade M-25 of specified diameter and length below the pile cap, to carry a safe
working load not less than specified, excluding the cost of steel reinforcement but
including the cost of boring with bentonite solution and temporary casing of appropriate
length for setting out and removal of same and the length of the pile to be embedded in
the pile cap etc. by percussion drilling using Direct mud circulation (DMC) or Bailer and
chisel technique by tripod and mechanical Winch Machine all complete, including
removal of excavated earth with all its lifts and leads (length of pile for payment
shall be measured up to bottom of pile cap),

20.2A Boring, providing and installation bored cast-in-situ reinforced cement concrete
piles of grade M-25 of specified diameter and length below pile cap, to carry a safe
working load not less than specified, excluding the cost of steel reinforcement but
including the cost of boring with bentonite solution and temporary casing of appropriate
length for setting out and removal of same and the length of the pile to be embedded in
the pile cap etc. by Crawler mounted, telescopic boom hydraulic pilling Rig all complete,
including removal of excavated earth with all its lifts and leads (length of pile for
payment shall be measured up to bottom of pile cap).

Providing and installing cast in situ single under reamed piles

20.3 Boring with hydraulic piling rigs with power units, Providing and installing cast in
situ single under reamed piles of specified diameter and length below pile cap in M-25
cement concrete, to carry a safe working load not less than specified, excluding the cost
of steel reinforcement but including the cost of boring with bentonite solution and the
length of the pile to be embedded in pile cap etc. all complete. (Length of pile for
payment shall be measured upto to the bottom of pile cap) :

20.3.7 300 mm dia piles / 20.3.2 400 mm dia piles 120.3.3 450 mm dia piles
20.3.4 550 mm dia piles

22. Water Proofing

Providing and laying water proofing treatment
22.3 Providing and laying water proofing treatment to vertical and horizontal surfaces of
depressed portions of W.C., kitchen and the like consisting of :

(i) Ist course of applying cement slurry @ 4.4 kglsqm mixed with water proofing
compound conforming to IS 2645 in recommended proportions including rounding off
junction of vertical and horizontal surface.
(ii) IInd course of 20 mm cement plaster 1:3 (1 cement : 3 coarse sand) mixed with
water proofing compound in recommended proportion including rounding off junction of
vertical and horizontal surface.

E orluut GLrrflurnenir moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

(iii) IIIrd course of applying blown or residual bitumen applied hot at L.7 kg. per sqm of
area.
(iv) IVth course of 400 micron thick PVC sheet. (Overlaps at joints of PVC sheet should
be 100 mm wide and pasted to each other with bitumen @ 1.7 kgl sqm),

Providing and laying water proofing treatment on roof slabs

22.6 Providing and laying water proofing treatment on roofs of slabs by applying
cement slurry mixed with water proofing cement compound consisting of applying:
(a) after surface preparation, first layer of slurry of cement @ 0.488 kglsqm mixed with
water proofing cement compound @ 0.253 kglsqm.
(b) laying second layer of Fibre glass cloth when the first layer is still green. Overlaps of
joints of fibre cloth should not be less than 10 cm.
(c) third layer of 1.5 mm thickness consisting of slurry of cement @ 1.289 kglsqm
mixed with water proofing cement compound @ 0,670 kglsqm and coarse sand @
1.289 kglsqm. This will be allowed to air cure for 4 hours followed by water curing for
48 hours. The entire treatment will be taken upto 30 cm on parapet wall and tucked
into groove in parapet all around.
(d) fourth and final layer of brick tiling with cement mortar (which will be paid for
[Link] purpose of measurement the entire treated surface will be measured.

22.7 Providing and laying integral cement based water proofing treatment including
preparation of surface as required for treatment of roofs, balconies, terraces etc
consisting of following operations:
(a) Applying a slurry coat of neat cement using 2.75 kglsqm of cement admixed with
water proofing compound conforming to IS. 2645 and approved by Engineer-in-charge
over the RCC slab including adjoining walls upto 300 mm height including cleaning the
surface before treatment.
(b) Laying brick bats with mortar using broken bricks/brick bats 25 mm to 115 mm size
with 50o/o of cement mortar 1:5 (1 cement: 5 coarse sand) admixed with water
proofing compound conforming to IS : 2645 and approved by Engineer-in-charge over
20 mm thick layer of cement mortar of mix 1:5 (1 cement :5 coarse sand) admixed
with water proofing compound conforming to IS : 2645 and approved by Engineer-in-
charge to required slope and treating similarly the adjoining walls upto 300 mm height
including rounding of junctions of walls and slabs.

150 ciuufr Gbrflurnonfr ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 (c) After two days of proper curing applying a second coat of cement slurry using 2,75
kgl sqm of cement admixed with water proofing compound conforming to IS : 2645 and
approved by Engineerin-charge.
(d) Finishing the surface with 20 mm thick jointless cement mortar of mix t:4 (l
cement:4 coarse sand) admixed with water proofing compound conforming to IS :
2645 and approved by Engineering-charge including laying glass fibre cloth of approved
quality in top layer of plaster and finally finishing the surface with trowel with neat
cement slurry and making pattern of 300x300 mm square 3 mm deep.
(e) The whole terrace so finished shall be flooded with water for a minimum period of
two weeks for curing and for final test. All above operations to be done in order and as
directed and specified by the Engineer-in-Charge :

Providing waterproofing treatment to RCC structures

22.22 Providing and mixing integral crystalline admixture for waterproofing treatment
to RCC structures like basement raft, retaining walls, reservior, sewage & water
treatment plant, tunnels / subway and bridge deck etc. at the time of transporting of
concrete into the drum of the ready-mix truck, using integral crystalline admixture
@0.80o/o (minimum) to the weight of cement content per cubic meter of concrete) or
higher as recommended by the manufacturer's specification in reinforced cement
concrete at site of work. The material shall meet the requirements as specified in
ACI-272-3R-2010 i.e. by reducing permeability of concrete by more than 9Oo/o,
compared with control concrete as per DIN 1O4B and resistant to 16 bar hydrostatic
pressure. The crystalline admixture shall be capable of self-healing of cracks up to a
width of 0.50mm. The work shall be carried out all complete as per specification and the
direction of the Engineer-in-charge. The product performance shall carry guarantee for
10 years against any leakage.

Providing waterproofing treatment to Foundation System

22.24 Providing and applying integral crystalline dry shake of hydrophilic in nature for
waterproofing treatment to the RCC structures like basement raft, foundation slab,
sewage & water treatment plant slab, warehouses floor, parking structures and water
tank base slab etc. sprinkled @ 0.60kg per sqm or higher as recommended by the
manufacturer's specification over the lean concrete of above cited structures. The
material shall meet the requirements as specified in ACI-212-3R-2010 i.e. by reducing

151 oir-r-t G[.rrflurnonft anoGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

permeability of concrete by more than 85o/o, compared control concrete as per DIN
1048 and resistant to 16 bar hydrostatic pressure on negative side. The crystalline dry-
shake shall be capable of self-healing of cracks up to a width of 0.50mm' The work shall
be carried out all complete as per specification and the direction of the engineer-
incharge. The product performance shall carry guarantee for 10 years against any
leakage.

[Link] of Heritage Buildings

providing and fixing double scaffolding system upto 25m height
24.2 providing and fixing double scaffolding system (cup lock type) on the exterior side
of building/structure, upto 25 metre height, above ground level, including additional
rows of scaffolding in stepped manner as per requirement of site, made with 40mm dia
M.S. tube, placed 1.5 metre centre to centre, horizontal & vertical tubes joint with cup
& lock system with M.S. Tubes, M.S. tube challis, M.S. clamps and staircase system in
the scaffolding for working platform etc. and maintaining it in a serviceable condition for
execution of work of cleaning and/ or pointing and/ or applying chemical and removing
it thereafter. The scaffolding system shall be stiffened with bracings, runners,
connecting with the building etc, wherever required, if feasible, for inspection of work at
required locations with essential safety features for the workmen etc., complete as per
directions and approval of Engineer-in-charge.

Antifunga! Wash Treatment

24.4 providing and applying antifungal wash treatment using 3o/o solution of sodium
pentachlorophenate, of reputed brand and manufacturer, on cleaned sand stone sufface
at desired locations as per direction of Engineer-in-charge (The rate is inclusive of all
materials & labours involved except scaffolding).

Applying Ethyl Silicate

24.7 Applying two or more coat of Ethyl Silicate chemical as approved by Archaeological
Survey of India/ Engineer-in-charge, of approved brand and manufacturer, with brush
or spray on the existing stone masonry surface till there is no further absorption of
chemical by stone surface, including protecting the applied surface from direct sunlight
by suitable means during application, all complete as per direction of the Engineer-in-
Charge (The rate is inclusive of all materials & labours involved except scaffolding).

Applying antifungal, and water repellent chemical

24.8 Applying breathable, non-reactive, antifungal, and water repellent Silane/ Siloxane
chemical as approved by Archaeological Survey of India/ Engineer-in-charge, of
approved brand and manufacture, diluted with solvent mineral Turpentine oil in the
ratio of 1:12 (One part of approved chemical :12 Part of Turpentine oil), on the existing
sand stone masonry surface with two or more coats to give uniform application of
chemical on the surface, all complete as per direction of Engineer-In-charge (The rate is
inclusive of all materials & labours involved except scaffolding).

L52 oir-r-t Glrrfrunmir ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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Span 3Om, Roof SloPe : 1 in 4

SUPPORT CONDITION : ONE PINNED OTHER ROLLER

T: TIE RUNNER

S'EED,t4 SPEED 47 SPEED 50 SPEED 55

SPEED 33 SPEED 39

srcnoil IOTAL SECIt0ll TOTAL sEcnoil TOTAL sEcTr0il TOTAL sEfitox TOTAL sEfioll TOTAL UI{IT
uEu r{0
433.33 'n3x113X4.8 492.41 132X,l 32X5.4 64532 KG
1 s1x91X4.5 367.45 91X91X4.5 367.45 91XSlX4.5 367t5 9'rxgtx5.4

145x82X5.4 532.20 172XS2X4.8 561.30 200x100x5 66?30 KG

2 122X61X3.6 290.'10 122X61X5.4 420.30 145X82X4.8 477.60

0.39 25X25X2.6 0.39 25X25X2.6 0.30 KG

3 25X25X2-6 0.39 25X25X2.6 0.39 25X25X2.6 0.39 2$O5X2.6

32X32X2.6 6.78 32X32X2.6 6.78 32X32X2.6 6.78 38X38X2.6 825 KG

25X25X2.6 5.07 32X32X2.6 6.78

( 32X32X2.6 2.22 32X32X2.S 2,22 3X32X2.6 222 32X32X2.6 222 KG

32X3U2.6 2.22 ux32x2.6 2.22

7.U 32X32X2.6 7.84 32X32X2.6 7.84 32X32X2.6 7.U 32X32x2.6 7.U KG

o 32X32X2.6 7.84 3X32X2.6

7 25X25X2.6 2.94 25X25yC..6 2.94 25X25X2_6 2.4 25X25X2.6 2.* 25X25X2.6 2.94 25X25X2.6 2g KG

1.4 38X38X2.6 9.54 38X38X2.6 9.54 38X38X2.6 9.54 KG

a 3U32X2.6 7.U 32X32X2.6 7.84 32X32X2.6
32X32X2.6 EA1 32X32X2.6 5.63 KG
I 32X32X2.6 5.63 3fi32X2.6 5.63 32X32X2.6 5.63 32X32X2.6 5.S3

12.13 38X38X2.6 12.t3 38X38X2.6 12.13 KG

10 38X38X2.6 't2.{3 38X38X2.5 12.13 38X38X2.6 12.13 38X38X2.6

25X25X2.6
(aR 25X25X2.6 5.48 25X25X2.6 5.48 KG
11 25X25X2.6 5,48 25X25X2.6 5,48 2sx25x2.6 5.48

50x50x2.6 16.49 50x50x2.6 16.49 50x50x2.6 16.49 KG

12 32X32X2.6 s.97 38X38X2.6 12.13 40x40x2.6 12.88

9.02 32X32y4.6 9.02 32X32X2.6 9.02 KG

{1 32X32X2.6 s.02 32fi2n.6 9.02 x2x32x2.6 9.02 32X32X2.6

50x50x2.6 20.98 5CX50X2.6 20.98 50x50x2.6 20.98 50x50x2.6 20.98 KG

14 50x50x2.6 20.98 50x50x2.6 20.08

{3.84 40x40x2.6 13.84 40x40x2.6 't3.84 KG

15 40x40x2.6 13.84 40x40x2.6 13.84 40x40x2.6 13.84 40x40/c.6

60x60x2.6 25.53 60x60x2.6 25.53 60x60x2.6 25.53 KG

ID 40x40x2.6 15.38 50x50x2.6 20.98 50x50x2.6 20.98

20.53 50x50x2.6 20.53 50x50)2.6 20.53 50x50x2.6 20.53 KG

17 50x50x2.5 20.53 50x50x2.6 20.53 50x50x2.6

38X38X2.6 13.04 38X38X2.6 13.04 38X38X2.6 13.04 KG

18 32X32X2.6 10.71 3U32X2.6 10.7r 32X32X2.6 10.71

6.19 25X25X2.6 6.19 25X25X2.6 6.19 25X25X2.6 6.'t9 KG

1S 25X25X2.6 6.19 25X25X2 6 6.1S 25X25X2.6
,l0.69
10.69 32X32X2.6 10.69 32X32X2.6 10.69 32X32X2.6 KG
20 32X32X2.6 10.69 32X32X2.6 10.69 32X32X2.6

25X25X2.6 3.09 25X25X2.6 30s 25X25X2.6 3.09 KG

21 25X25X2.6 3.0s 25X25X2.6 3.09 25X25X2 0 3.C9

12?X61X3.6 101.92 122X01X3.6 101.92 122X61X3.6 101.92 122X61X4.5 l?5.22 KG

22 80x40x4 96X48X4 86.64

25X25X2.6 6,34 25X25X2.6 6.34 KG

,1 25X25X2.6 6.34 25X25X2.6 b.J4 25X25X2.6 6.34 25X25X2.6 6.34
"TOTAL TOTAL 1638.97 XG
90s.54 TOTAI I 060.12 TOTAL 1133.46 TOTAL 12tt.12 1354.30
TOTAL

FX FY FY :,\ FY
EY FY ti FY I
REACTION FY
,t70t( 18305 1gtt80 19442
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41 3C7 N
LI 41397 4is7 413S7 4139?

4AO(l' 12113 .140t44 i-r l' N

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0,6740 1.5462 1.5462 1.2337

5.0000

SUPPORTCONDITION : ONE PINNED OTHCR ROLLER

T:TIE RUNNER

SPEED 3: SPEED 39 SPEED lr{ SPEED d7 SPEED 50 SPEEO 55

rEil,IO sEclr0t{ T0rd. SEfiM* TOTAT 3ECn0!r TOIAT 3em0|l IO?AI. sEc?toil 3teroil
TOTAL IOTAI UilN
I 32X32X3"2 r3.86 32X32X3.2 r3.86 32X3?rc,2 t3.86 32X32X3.2 ,3.86 3?y.3?X3.2 r336 3?X32X3.? 13.80 X6
2 t0x25x2.6 r3^55 50x2$€.6 13.55 66X33n.S t835 ffix33x?.6 ,8.45 66X33X?.6 18.15 6E)33X2.S 20.35 KG
3 25X25X2.6 0"?8 25X25X?.6 0.28 25X25X2.6 0.28 25X25X2,6 0.28 25X25Xr.6 $.?8 25x?5X2.6 0.28 KG
I 25X25X3.? 2,S9 25X25A.2 2.99 3rx3zxr.6 331 3tx32x2.6 331 32X32X?.6 3.4, 32X32X?.6 3.4'l KG
5 25X?5X2.6 0,gr 25X2$A.6 0.9'l fix25x2.6 0.9r 25X25Xt.6 0.91 25X25X2 6 0.9t 25)25X2.6 091 KG
6 25n5n.2 3.48 2$X?5X3.2 3.48 32X32X2.s 3.97 ux32x?,6 10, 3fi32x2.6 3.97 3r02x!.6 3.97 KG
7 25X25X2.5 r.54 25X2$0.6 1.54 2txr5x2,6 [Link] 25X25X2.S
,l.54
25X25n.6 I.54 25X25X2.6 t,54 KG
8 25X?5X3.2 3,{8 32X32X2.6 3.97 32X32X2.6 3.91 3rx32x?.6 3.97 3?132X3.? 38X38X2.6 433 XG
g 25X25X2.6 2.11 ?5XfiX2.6 211 25X25X2 6 2.11 25vC5X26 2tt 25X25X2.6 [Link] ?5X2tX2.S 2.11 KC
TO?AL 42r0 IOl]AL 42.69 TOTAT 48.11 TO?AI aE.51 ]OIAL 49.26 IOTAL 51.2? ,(8

REAOTIOI FX FY rx FY FX FY rx FY FX FY rx FY
fr" 84t &{0 67& 678 6S5 ffi !,
LL 5t75 5175 5t75 5I75 5t75 5t75 H
[Link] 1412 -93?1 6r63 .13ffi ,8{* .r066i esx "isr9 t0ra -t{aryl l&6r "?60$0 N
0{- ?IE ztn ,ttt 2t5s 2159 2160 N
LL sl16 8175 5175 51i6 5175 5175 N
IIILiPRE -8r7r -11554
'r4r07 8?& "r&0,t .?2S5 N

1s5 oiur-t Glurflurnonri ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Span: 9m, SloPe 1 in 4

f .iCI00

92110
t.*oo
r.d B
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1"5tt62 1.5462 1.5464 2.5298

s.0000

SUPPORTCONOITION: ONE PINNED OTHER ROLLER

T: TIE RUNNER

SPEED 39 spEEo 44 SPEEO 47 SPEEO 50 SPEEO 55

$PEEO 33
srcn0il TOIAL sEcnoil lOTAL sEcrlotl TTIIAL UT]T
ffir xo SEfiIOil TOTAL s8c1t0x TOTIL TOIAL SECTIOH

t( sx5cx2.6 5rx50x?.6 3{.70 $0x50x?.6 34.70 50x50x2.6 34.70 50x50x3.6 16.20 x6

I 38X38X2.6 4,1 34.7C

40.95 g6x48X3-? 6$,39 sx{8x3.2 80.39 96X{SX3.2 60 39 95X48X1 73.S KG

2 66X33x?,S 36,$3 &!x40x2.6
A1? 2fi25x2,6 0,37 XG
25X?5X2.6 0.3? 2SX25X2.6 25X25X1.6 c.37 25XfiX2,5 0.37 25X?S,X2.6
3

t a5x?sx?.S 1.s ?5X2sX?.6 r.55 ?5n5x2.6 {t( 25x?5X?.6 r6E 25X25X2.6 ri5 32X32x2.6 2.01 KG

( 4?a i7r 25)05X1.6 nra ?5XXX!.6 0.75 25X2SX2.6 0.75 25X25X2,$ 0.r$ xs
2tx25X?$ ?5X25X2.6

o 32X32X2.6 1e* t?x32x?.s Itt 32x3U2.6 3.86 32X32X2.6 3.86 3?X32X2"6 J-UO 32X32X2.S 3.80 KG

, ?5X2Sx2.6 1.38 25X?5X2.6 r.38 25X?5X2.6 1,38 fix?5x2.6 r.38 2SX25X2.6 r.38 25X?5x2,6 r,34 KG

4,t0 x0
I ?5X25x2.6 ?.89 32x32X2 6 3,86 32$?X2.6 3,86 32X32X2.6 3.86 38X38X2.6 3SX3SX?"S

2.U, KE
I 25X25X?.6 2.C2 ?$x?5x?.6 2.C7 2$C5X2.6 2.02 2$C5x2.6 2.C2 25X?$x?.S 2.*2 ?5x25X1.6

{.91 49.| 4,91 32X3?x?.6 4.9t 3?X32x2.6 4.91 32X3DC.S r,9t t(G
3?mla.E 32X3?X2 6 32X3?X2.6

25p5X?.6 ,AT 25X25x2,S 2.S5 ?5X25X2.6 ?.s x6

It ?5X?5X?.6 265 25X2SX2.6 2.65 25X?5X2 6 2.65

[Link] 4,91 3?X32I2.6 4,gl XG

12 32x3?x?.6 {9j 32X3?x2 6 491 32n2x2.6 [Link] 3?X3?x2.6 31x32x2"6

133 25X?tX2.6 r.33 25$5X2.6 1,33 2*Xr5x?.6 1"33 25x25x2.6 r.33 ?5X25X?.6 r,B x6
IJ 25X2SX2.6
't?3Q 15.40 8CX10X?.6 t5,10 8CX4'X3.2 1862 XG
't1 66X33x2.6 l?.19 t6x33X2.6 80x40x2.$ 15.40 8$X4CX?.S

6,19 38X38X2.6 6rs 3SX38X2.$ 6.t! 3&X38X2.6 6.19 38X38X2 6 6,t9 XG

t5 38X38X2.S $,r9 30x38X2"6

[Link] TOTAT 121.11 ?o?At 1a{27 TOTAL ur&1 TOTAL 1tl5.1l TOTAL i?t 9a XG
TOIAL

ntAcri6il FX FY FX rY rx FY rX FY FX FY rx *
332 33!s 3$21 3521 3525 lt
Dt
gltS 8r5 N
t! 93t{ 93rt clt5 $3r5

7444 .,68?2 fi0s .xsf? 14tt5 'rsgs rSttl -$219 t8fi0 .3874'l 2S60 4a7' it
Yl,t+Pfif
&rt 37{5 381S 3849 3854 TB' !t
OL

LL s31? u16 g]16 93r0 s]li 6r3 ll

tlllipfl[ .r48gl '20805 '?64?0

.304m .34tts .tl3l1 l

156 orlur-t Glurflurnonri enoGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Square Hollow Sections
E
Y

{ t
Spcifrcation:
o x
lS:4923
Section Properties Y
Proporties of Tatr Slruclura lSquare Hollow Saclionsl YST 310 6rade
i{omsnl ol Radius ol E{a$lie Toni*nrl 0ule r
sltt Tri{}nsrs S?e A re3 u0al lmi!ia
BrB ,nm A w 6yidliofi ilodalus Clost nl* S$d_tre_
mm 0m (qlm l* t,, rs t,, ?* 1" J,8 Arer per m
cm' gnr' (m cm erd cm' crn' . cm m
't.36
L7,{ 1.48 L48 0.u 0.9? 1.t9 '1. tg 2.25 ,.68 0^030
2iI2s 2.60 2.r6 r.6s 1.72 1.72 c.89 0"89 r.38 r.38 2.6$ r.92 0.087
2 ,<2 toa r.$, r.8tl 3.S I (r 1n? n noa
'n 0.86 1.51 ?.ss
?r^ ,.80 't,2'l t.2t
3.3S 3.36 f,.Jti 3.C5 0.ll8
32rfi. 2.60 2.88 2.26 4.e 1.02 r.r8 LrI ?.5, 2.5r 6.45 [Link] 0.rt5
,3 2! 3142 2"60 {.5{ 4.54 r.t5 r.1 5 ?.8{ 2,M r.4r ,1.$7 0.r r2
2.60 3"5r 2.78 7. r{ 7.14 r.{3 r.{3 3.76 3"78 r r .5r 5^,l9 0. r31l
33d8 3.2C 4.19 3.29 8.r8 8.r8 r.{c [Link] .t"30 4.3C 13.45 6.38 0. t36
{.00 5.03 3.95 0.2f 9.36 t.36 r.36 {.8? 4.87 r$.6? 7.12 0.131

loll*8
2.60 3"?2 a,g2 8.,1$ 8.{5 r ^5't 1.$1 4.?2 4.22 13.63 6.e0 0.r{7
3.20 4.{5 3.{9 9,72 [Link] r "{8 r.48 4"86 d.86 16.& , la
0.r4{
{.00 5.35 {.20 tr"c? |l"07 I "d{ t.4{ 5.5{ 5.5d 18.75 8.r2 0. r3s
?.6C 4"76 3.74 17.47 r.92 t.9? 6.9S 6.9S ?$.53 an ?7 0.r87
2.90 5.25 1.'i? '?"47
18.99 t8.S t.s0 t.90 7.6C 7.6C 3r.15 1 1.?3 0.186
58I50
3-60 6.35 4.98 22j* 22.15 r.8r r.87 8.86 8.86 36"58 1?.98 0. t8r
,1.5C 7.67 6.02 23.50 25.50 r.8? t.8? rn rl1 10.?0 {t.s0 1,t.68
^ln
[Link] t.8$ 1.55 3r.33 3t;}, 2"3X 1_J.' rc.14 10.{1 50.c8 1 S.5a 0,427
!UIbI'
J,f U 7.0'r 5.50 36.9{ 36.9{ 2.30 224 r2.31 12.31 O{J.rJ1 18.31 0.22,{
[Link] 8.$5 [Link] {3.s5 {3.55 7.26 nac 1t k1 r4.$? ??.ill 21.62 c.?19
4.80 10"sr 7.85 49.22 49.?2 2.22 r6.{1 t$.{1 83.S6 ?{.51 0.215
3.20 8.5{ 6.71 66.32 66.32 2.79 ?.7$ 18.42 't&.{2 r0e.81 27.17 t.272
72t12 {.00 10.d7 8"2? 7C.03 7S.S3 2.75 ?..75 2r.95 ?r.c, r29.8$ ,a aa *.25t
1.80 ,2.31 9.66 S0.31 90.3r 2.71 2.71 25.09 ?5.0s 15r.55 3?.55 0.263
)aa s.57 7.5r 92.11 92"7, 3.1r 3.11 23.18 ?3.1S ,{8.55 3{.6S i 1n,
80r80 {.00 1!.75 9.22 lll.M r I r.s.t J.U 3.07 2.7.76 .76 r8r.3? 27 41.{9 0.299
4.8C 13.85 ,0.s7 ra7.58 127.58 3.0{' 3.C4 31.S9 31.89 21?.?6 Aan 0.295
3.60 l?.3? 9.61 t56.49 156.4' 3.56 3.56 34.?1 34.2r ?51.17 51.1{ c^347
fis6r"' 4.50 1 5.14 r t.88 ,87.57 18?.5? 3.52 3.$2 {r.00 11.& 3S6.78 61.40 &.fi3
5.{0 1 7.85 t {.01 ?r5"68 ?r 5.6S 3.{8 3.48 .14 47.14 3$9.76
47 7i 77 1 1lt
{.00 t4.s 1t.73 pr6.35 22S.35 3.99 3.89 45.27 45.27 364.75 D/ XJ 0.373
t00rt00 r8.36 rd.4t 271.r c ?7I,I8 ,ot , o, 54.2? 54.72 {{r.3d o^ rl d 1ra
aa4 2r.63 t6.98 311.{7 1.47 3.7S 3.?S 62.3S
31 62.29 511 .8C 9?.06 0.36S
d.80 20.28 r 5.s? 393.30 393.30 4.,r0 4.{0 69.30 69.30 637.{5 03.s0 e.{29
113-idt3.s r
5.40 22.60 r 7.7{ 432.t8 43;.58 ,1,3S {.38 76.23 76.23 708.69 I r4.{1 0.4?6

ttm& d,8$
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23.83
26.60
r 8.71 63{.*0 63{.39 {i.16
t3
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96.1 2 96.r2 l0r 8.3t r 44.1 1 u.3u
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L57 oir.-r-t Gtrurpflrunonri arcGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 Rertanlgular Hollnrv S*ct iturs Srdllafirr
6:{&l
Section Pro ertles
Froperli*r of Tala Structura lReclrngrdrr Hollox $tclloml YST 3I0 Grrdr
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158 oir-l-[r Orrflunonri ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 oo
Y

t..irctrl:rr Holl;u' [tipcr swirhdion;

x lS: 1161
Seetion Properties
Y
Properlias oI Ta]a Structurr lCircular Holtow Ssciionsl YST 310 Grada
ta*min&N Osltil* Tnr*m$ Tr8*l *nr ** lSl*.t Serk llort*d $sclras Rrdi0r sl
6rc 0ramsts! &ux Srtior lrdjil sl lltrla &*{!krr Eynl*r
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E oir-u[r [Link] moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

SECTIONAL PROPERTIES OF LIP CHANNEL
(METCO ROOF PRTVATE LrMrrED)

sl. w H L Thick Weight Area rvv Itt zYY 2,, Rvv R*

No mm Kglm cm2 cma cm4 cm3 cm3 cm cm

1 50 50 10 1.6 1.99 2.53 8.22 Lt.2t 2.78 4.48 1.8 2.L

2 50 50 10 2 2.44 3.1 9.8 13.48 3,31 5.59 t.78 2.08
3 75 50 15 1.6 2.43 3.09 1 1.05 29.99 3.61 7.73 1.89 3.06
4 75 50 15 2 2,99 3.8 13.28 35.16 4.33 9.38 t.87 3.04
5 100 50 20 1.6 2.87 3.65 13.84 57.86 4.4L LL,57 1.95 3.98
6. 100 50 20 2 3.53 4.5 t6.7 70.52 5.32 t4.L 1.93 3.96
7 100 50 20 2.5 4.37 s.56 20.t3 B6 6.4t 17.2 1.9 3.93
B. t25 50 20 1.6 3.18 4.05 14.98 97.5 4.52 15.6 t.92 4.9r
9 r25 50 20 2 3.93 5 18.1 1 19.15 5.46 19.06 1.9 4.88
10 r25 50 20 2.5 4.86 6.19 2L.83 t45.72 6.58 23.32 1.88 4.85
11 150 50 20 2 4.32 6.5 t9.24 183.41 5.56 24.45 1.87 5.77
L2 150 50 20 2.5 5.35 6.81 23.2t 224.77 6.7L 29.97 1.85 5.74
13 150 50 20 3 6.3 8.03 26.42 260.9t 7.62 34.79 1 .81 5.7
t4 t75 60 20 2 5.03 6.4 3t.24 294.7 7.4 33.69 2.2r 6.79
15 t75 60 20 2.5 5.74 7.3r 36.01 25L.97 8.82 33.6 2.22 5.87
16 175 60 20 3 7.36 9.38 43.4 422.66 10.26 48.3 2.t5 6.7L
t7 200 60 20 2 5.42 6.9 32.55 404.28 7.49 40.43 2.t7 7.65
18. 200 60 20 2.5 6.7 8.54 39.L7 494.8 9.01 49.44 2.L4 7.61
19. 200 60 20 2 7.95 10.13 45.23 58 1.31 10.4 58.13 [Link] 7.57
20 200 75 20 2 5.89 7.5 55.81 463.09 10.52 46.3t 2.73 7.86
2t 200 75 20 2.5 7.29 9.29 67.56 568 t2.72 46.61 2.7 7.82
11 200 75 20 J 8.66 11.03 78.47 668.63 L4.76 66.86 2.67 7.79
23 225 60 20 2 5.81 7.4 33.68 535.3 7.57 47.59 2.L3 8.5
24 225 60 20 2.5 6.66 B.48 38.58 489.43 8.86 48.94 [Link] 7.6
25 225 60 20 J 7.95 10.95 45.53 58 1.31 to.4 58.13 [Link] 7.57
26 225 75 20 2 6.28 B 57.86 609.94 r0.64 54.22 2.96 8.73
27 225 75 20 2.5 7.78 9.91 70.05 748.99 t2.84 66.57 2.66 8.69
28. 225 75 20 3 9.25 LL,78 81.38 882.5 1 t4.94 78.44 2.63 8.65
29 250 60 20 2 6.2 7.9 34.66 689.54 7.63 55.16 2.O9 9.34
30. 250 60 20 2.5 7.68 9.79 4L.72 845.89 9.19 67.67 2.06 9.3
31 250 60 20 3 9.13 11.63 48.18 99s.92 10.6 79.67 2.04 9.25
32 250 75 20 2 6.67 8.5 59.68 781.8 ro.75 62.54 2.65 9.29
33 250 75 20 2.5 8.27 10.54 72.25 960.75 13 76.86 2.62 9.55
34 250 75 20 3 9.84 12.53 83.94 tt33.2 15. 1 90.66 2.59 9.51
35 275 60 20 2 6.6 8.4 35.53 868.43 7,69 63.16 2.06 70.t7
36 275 60 20 2.5 B,L7 10.41 42.77 1066.2 9.25 77.54 2.03 10.12
37 275 60 20 3 12.38 9.72 49.39 1256.6 10.68 91.39 2 10.07
3B 275 75 20 2 7.07 9 6t.29 980.22 10.84 7t.29 2.6L t0.44
39 275 75 20 2.5 8.76 11.16 74.2r 1205.5 13.1 1 87.68 2.58 10.39
40. 275 75 20 3 13.28 L0.43 86.21 L423.1 t5.23 103.49 2.55 10.35
41 300 60 20 2 6.99 8.9 36.31 1073,6 7.73 7 t.57 2.02 10.98
42 300 60 20 2.5 8.66 11.04 43.7 t3t9.2 9.31 87.95 1.99 10.93
43 300 60 20 3 10.31 13.13 50.46 1555.9 10.75 103.73 1.96 10.89
44 300 75 20 2 7.46 9.5 62.73 1206.8 10.91 80.45 2.57 tt.27
45 300 75 20 2.5 9.25 LL.79 75.96 t485.2 t3.2t 99.01 2.54 LL.23
46 300 75 20 3 1 1.01 14.03 88.24 t754.4 15.34 116.96 2.5t 11.18

160 eiur-i [Link] oEGUJO Building Engineers Hand Book

DESIGN TABLE OF PURLIN,GIRT, EAVES BEAM, TIE RUNNER

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 PURLIN TABLE FOR $INGLE SEENOH

tmil $ms tE0t sln{r SPEBT? Spfxls SpErDtc

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6n nHS turerx30 RHS 122X$1X3 6 RHS ra$113.6 RHS 1&X5rn.6 RHSra$lr.6 RHSlax6rn6
,.tr ni{s 14x0fi5.4 RHS r2X61)(5.{ RHS rUX$rXs{ Rr{s1&m1m.{ RHS1m6rre.4 Rt6 rux6txtr4

[Link]{
3S RXSSK3I2 0 RHS06X3X2.6 RHS8U40p.0 RIBS)({006 RHSSX{0X2.6 RH$S)({}C.6
L5r Rlrssx{s)(3 2 RHS 96X{8X3"? RHSW{8n.2 Rr$$x1fr3' Rlrssx{8n"1 nlssx4ffi!, ,t

6[ RHS 1AK1)(30 RHS 1A(i1X3.6 RHS'1&X01X3.6 RH$ r8x6rn.0 RHS rAX61)0.0 Rirs12x6r8.6
[Link] RHS r{5$k{8 RHS ,{{tlh{ I RIS 145d2x18 Rirs r15fh{.8 nHS il5$2x{.8 ails'r{5#d.8
s-0t[ { H t0

3I RH$66X33X2 6 RXSmXrX2.6 m$6fr33x26 RHS66X3Ul.0 nHs66x33pi nHsmxs(26

t5x RXSSX4EX3.2 RHS 90X{8X3} RH$S({8)fi.? Rr$$x100, [Link]{Er2 ft|s96)({8(u
6I RHs 1&X61X30 RHS laml$.$ Rlrs rux61)(35 RHS't22Srm.6 m$1m61K.$ R$1AS1)0.0
,.5r RXS r{5d}{.8 RHS 1{fi8&{.8 Rl{$ 115t&x{.8 Rr6l{5&{.8 Rt{s r{5d&{.8 nHsl{5&{8
fiHQflH!&&& ,,,,,,,

$[Link]$6 .18T{l{ r"""':' sf,Yrffiffitr,mffiucsiliD

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lilEtT mu0
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ffiffit1uctrI&oB{r} ,l
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[Link] : u& :''
$nrss ce iX,

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f roon"rnrcro I
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IttAl{ colr,al

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Iorm*rooooc,trn
e0(mr'lt ll

boonJrst
kJ$r*rL! car.r couet
I [Link]

L62 oir-ut [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 I
I
GEcfirellt fl4n o,oioll&odr
MISCELLANEOUS
I

7.1 uaftrGclrpolnr gd}iimoocir - gorpuffitocir

7.2 Ai Eafthquake Preparedness Guide
l 7.3 Methods of Demolition of Buildings
7.4 Construction Chemicals

i
c
I
,

t.
I.
I
I

I
I
6
5
I

I
i

@ fl 234

Englneers Hand Book

EiLLt Or&rmf .cet$
t
I

'1
 L

7.1 rocumGengaDfir gdltiooooon - g6urpun@oon

SOIL TEST REPORTS & DEFIGIENGIES

l'
crluuir Cfurfirnrf,rn oe{&r.@ Building Engineers Hand Bool
 : glfiurtur0oon ,/ oflon6oniroon Ggn-frdlanpan
gflricooocn eniug @O.i,- Gooun@rb?

1 Gengroan gqfldanoeen (Medical clinicalrest Reports) Glgrflalluugr Guno slufr, 6r[6g6,

urdteon, *.41.d1, Oaflgl6l@qt ur-pjrson (Scan reports) $lasfleur [Link] u$fl
goGlounrtt$1g16 gdluL5ilur-enoooflout gqenqcon (tgoop - 6lg gt*q alooryruropelgr-cut)
Lnr-@Gu Glgflall,*ouuGtdlomp 6fgg gdlBou,oolggon - Ggnunonrfloui / Gengmccrunonlg6gonon
crotar oofrug1 u$SlGtrn ggpg cr$g oroerunenr dldlBroe Gro$Gloroton Garom@6 rrrotp
SI-rb GluEo$otreoo. 6lchn60tprr5L 6tteoar gEg flElonnnireoflooi Goeoar gl6uigt,
g[oforlg oreboooLoqrb (Expertise) 6lanr-u.rnE1. 6lEg o(gitrgteu Gengooan ggfl6eoooroent
ul[]r GpnunorqSdg / Gergmewu.rnonqg6lg oouian Ggnur creotucogulrir ggp1gflur 6ldl&nne
5T6lDol (uoBgiloon, Eoqdl [Link]$gtoot, gllgt6u,6rl Cldl&nneoon crrotuoozu ufr$lGlurstromb
oDpdlrg GgnrirorotonGu. (lvledical Expert / physician / specialist Doctor) grgq
; Slg1 euroryruE1$lgriur-r-,/ gtgtL06k;otur-r- gror- granp.
2. Looufr GcnSooem gr;$kianoufl6tt gg Looufieuoflan gootrouaot. gnnilgrir olnSloou, 6lo6g+ fr
o'roireuonq e$pgdl6[ o-onongil, gg6g6n6 Elgguoi orlgunonroir gnnigLb dlpgti,tEg
GoLrufrgu $l6ggt(Water Table correction) ociouorq, Loouficouflnn o'uroo orfran (Cohesive or
non or a mixture) elalpdlour goon gqonqoon (grain sizes) crciouonq, unrydreot gfg6g;6
6IEuOd' eflq
@[Link]' (20 L6ld / 40 L6lLf) oroieuonq, Gengeoernu5lotr matr.tr5l.r-g
ard Penetration Test) oerirqt Gung Glupiu@tr N grlonqeot ([Link]) [Link] orgGlgfr,g
(Say 1.50m, 2.00m, 2.50m, 3.00m, 4.00m depths) 6lanr-6at Gtugrb Gtron$gg
ocirouonq, grlgfroonuu Loofrouuflan ontq grnig$pnn (Safe bearing capacity)
allrflaernuqrir ooflurufiournno Sl15$gn6t Liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, plasticity
index, swelling index, moisture context Guranp s"-6lgfi ollouryr'iaanonqrir gryGorufrOri. 6lo9g+
& cri@mnnn$pflotr [Link]@$garnLon / Goruurlrmr rreutugt Gunootp @roargnrir
eldl6ooouSlot gryuur--Gouorfi gurr'urou / orgfl fi unrtti;[Link].

3. Cgn rndt) Lfdil"'

i. ErEg GudtDrf,rur6ur gggg6n66u,g (Specific Foundation type) afrg g$ggdl6i, glooragpfL Gcuann@rir
urfl$gooryGun@, gr; ooeu gnni 196 unrynironfl rm eournd;d@eqgrir grytu@dlrmpcrn.

I r-on$pflryLb g6u?dl, 616g 6urD6ur6ur gqg$geoon$copi [Link] ocutgLb Clarrt

@ooaGlu:starn6 Beyond their purview / outside their jurisdiction / they are not
qualifled / to suggest a particular type of foundation since they have no expertise /
exposure further they are neither qualified construction engineers / soil mechanics engineers nor
structural e neers. @eoou r-oofr Grrgroom $looarunireofloui gEfllou Lllrepidl$ Fffin / gorpn6n
grgqcooon$ oanGp OcnstoG euouur@rb.

a r-6lotGlurflu gu6g6 oruianooouignet -

Borehole depth - soil classificationdgrb
sPT N-Values - 6gt goflouruur- goouctroooonulrir goprnr Ultimate Bearing
Logf,lirrf@ocoonulrir g@dl6rtp6uni. (glomoor-ouflotr g(D dlgtounn r-ooum Gcngoonn
Ultimate Bearing Capacity 98 tons / sq.m nrttgutr SBC 18 tons / sq.m oruiErb

oiur-t Ounflurronri moGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

]l!
 19Slu8L-tuig195ggt. B*gr,b Gr.o$g$ltr5lL-L- gaiEri;g GrofruuL- geirEugson... ocurGo 7
Goonollocoonri Geu@g Glpoflqcory (Clarification) Ger-@ 6rg619 $guCIGorneur' 48 Snioon
qgdlorSlur-oor. (g{+n Gu&roeGu.r orGonnr6. $lnug$gnco un:uooum Gcrgcoan gqfl6ooooofletr

lgleufruL-u - gorpncur gooretoeir noiror6 giluGdlourp6ur. Btt

gd[iioDouSl6t r-6lo gl6Churanrur
Soil's SBC-Gu pfiuuuGo $lotanru. (ornirGs Gunri grigtiGlononotgt?)

go8rrqt Rocky types of soils, especially hard gravelly Soils (HGS), soft disintegrated rocks
(SDR), Soft rock (SR), Hard Rock (HR) Gunrfrpooo 1.50 d / [Link] d / [Link] ggg66lpg|6r
dleou$ouGluErb Gung; 1960,DEgg1 1or.f ggg$$lfronougt Soil Bore Hole / Soil profile Ggeoor onr gqL-rb
rjlgrigfr CMDA, Chennai Corporation, DT&CP GlunSlunrnrtocctnn / $r-r- ouoorJononrtooo6lrt urfr$gt
glgogn / dlrfluugn ormrg ernirorg$ Ogrflura5lotroo/ oeiarooouSlonougt oruofleLorrm Glgreosullroan
Cutting-oro GluSEorlL Golrrm@rn ncurugfrsnoGar gcir0ar6 U6opu.l6 GleuciGopnco gfluqeGonn@
gflguuuu@rb ei@unour ouro[uL-risnr eeufiouufrrall-@ g[Udl6rtp6ur. $l$ganeul Gseuzuuonon
q1g$gluGunruT E6IDL(yr6npoqpddlooL-uSlotl gnrb ErJrorI6ur o-oo$ Efllnour sri@ronnnnilscuron otGung
eir-uGundlGpnrb?

29.07.2014 g6ng oL-@ronan$ Glgr$loroniooflan Logdlu cnirsrir ([Link]

gLonfr gqcurioooon$ ganocorori GlunEturonrJro GlsnrumL-g1) oL-@r-onon$ Glgn$ononriri;g$
gryirurGzuouigru urgton[rq puorgBooooon gdlgrgi g1g;Er6lr o(g;ggunirooe ELgdlugt. Engrb g$6i)
GdDEgl GlonodrGuan Glunslu5lus$ Gurn8rflufr r-n6rrt [Link]$[Link] grloftooflan Srooamou5leil
goouGtufrpgr. ClgrrtrcflEdlu si@gri enire$oog& Gci$p Glunfltgfr.$lrrngn Clt5oieumnn, $[Link].Ufrg6l,
pflg.Seu6gronri GuncurGpnl5rir lnspectorate of Factories g[E6lenrflc(Drir oa:$gGlsrrufi@ o6$gt6orJ.f,6D6r
ognirdlanfr. g$5t gn6ur $lnug$gnrur GudGn r6n:
oL-@Lonoar$ Glgn$lononfrrig$ pr;uuL-Goruri,gur Personal Protective Equipments ocornoill,
ei@Loran$$rot - su@r-onanri Glunqgreoflan on5koLoulrir gnnirg 6lpgt,b, Sryniroqgifr (Strength, Quality &
Durability) Ug66l6[ o-Eptl Gleururriur-GoLrufi@i. 1:2=4 gry6 Gloneirononq o$onnn[ a'6uri'9661o$g GlaroflGru
eur$ooufiGtrb: lvl25, M30 grgrcoL-ur oooL-urnrqti; a$onoory grynireqqgd;g LonpGorufr@rb. 6lgtpn*
[Link] Ggooo arfruoog r-6loqrir o:o6lqE6$$lGannfi. oofran erflgrGan? oanE fniroen glooancu156
gur-lij Glononffioon 6r6urgi gp(grororuns prbqdlGpan. grgrGlegrbq, o1g$Glggllrbq, sncil
rooCIugtLbqororni uillru@$[Link] GlorEnir rooorSlrloilsooer / anrglacoor Lor-@rb uouu@$glorgnoil
cr$rtunrtd;grb uuruioon oruug6 6lror-tigrb.

a glfig6 Gle,nonooocoru / @fig Cl$grn$pi$Eurg notron6 oi@[Link] 6luffiunon15rb erfluno /

Glgafl orot qfl 691 Loour$rU CItU$dt oi@mr6ur$ Cpnfln5loir r+@ur-Gorufr @rir

"When we build, let us think we build for ever;

Let it not be for the preset delight nor for the present use alone;

Let it be such work as our descendants will thank us for"

'John Ruskin

L64 erluut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

(goEtErnng dDguor-ur ggtrE6r odgriq ordour$l]r-tuir- Eoor gBEE6n6 gqoflulb Gtrmo:
. glggg6ngrogn GunE$gouror @eot0annqg
o-oufrooLou5looarqrb qrfl$glGlonouur@
fl&crur.ona6 ocou0g6o Gomm@rir. ggj
$tg1gn6u+: Cohessive Soils upgIrb poor
bearing soil $loi: - crriug 9{g996rr uooufrooflotr .l
gSltr-flr-r ebSJD6l5t (7 el+ / e e+ / .!
."
10 gXguflot) Cloor-66lpG9r / 6lCiti;6lpGgr
E-"5GdS6e#r .v.

gGg roeumourfloil Slgggong6urg gqanLoriugl

eflurn6ur q$$cno6l$g6urur6ur [Link] tli:

notugt grir goGleungoutUtigrit o-oog&e

Goofi@rb. Soil stabilisation / Soit
strengthening / Ground improvement
reinforced earth nanE urtrGouEt Ouurteonneir
gycop6euu@orang - 6kor-ti;grb gg
r-oeumorfloi - gt6o6u0r 9lggg6n6 (Subbase - no
sand filling or mere PCC [Link]) ganropd
oouurguune aryoooro$gtu qgg$lr- Gouru&@rn.

ggfig gnniroot 6159gt o_oorytugl 6tgrgn6ur.

egniroet o-anL-gIot: Glcqicryanon [Link] 1:3
ooirqd trol6D5u (Quary Dust:Gravel Mix 1:3, Semidry, Well compacted in 150mm / 200mm
layers)- uSloonn 150 [Link] / 200 fi..fi oan$$Sgd; Glonqlerb g6uur6uufr sopgt - goirGlang g@66Dsq6
Sanpne6 Oer-gtu@$gflu Erufrq 6lg6ri GlLon$gti; oanLb 450 r.6l.r.f grgotr 15OO r-61.r-f ornnr
SBC 100 kN/sq.m 69 GLoGo -100 kN/sq.m .i@ #p e-onon oetrooa:oqg61gor @qgd;oonLb.
10 g[g6grij dgrb lgourpS5 gnnir1g $pgloor-u Or-oan sofluouurrumrs ,/ allflooor-u1rb eoflr-oeufrouurno

6l196gnui - eppgtii #p 1.00 [Link] z-urrygr6 1OO rfl.r.6 ai[-r-gorb GlennfiL- Glerg& cqdgti;
Glordrqeroon 2'0" @anr0oofluflot Zig Zag - Staggered groopuSletr E-onGon 6fpr;61 ggnidg1 ennE /

6lroufr5leg Looufru@ [Link] 5'u6rDcur66o6n (Geo - Synthetics - Geogrids / Geonets / Geotextiles)

u[u8 - gg6urdgt 600 [Link] grgot 900 r-61.r-foooU Quary Dust:Gravel Mix 1:3 in 150mm layers -
semidy - well compacted Oonugd Glor-gtu@$61 - gg6ut r-fgrr - 100 [Link]
PCC [Link] t [Link]
56ur65l6g eunr?$gr - [Link] gnan gtgggongn)g g4roLog$L- Gonfi@rb. Ogl gtggg6n
g[fl&s'og - ur6t! unL-Lb aootuoog r-oanpflot $lE1$g1nire6n. gqtGunggran $)$g6uroru lganpgrnirlg
dlpgueor-u uoufiourosoofleU psto Glunqg$gLonnn glg$gornieanon gq&erflaidl el6u,,0f56lL Ugu.l6.

E oir-r-t [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

rod urflGcrproor gfl6oooofr Ogfi o5|{tgdr qcngugoeii

1. ei@Lonanri Glunpflunonfr 6tg0O Ognui$g eri@r-onan gqg$gonniraon rofrEti [Link]

gq$ld;rooaon $fopdlom SlanslunnLourncor.o g$l$g; ag$l ru15dlGpnrir. uo $lo$qoafloir uom Gcngcoan
gqfl6roooon Gganoruran eflulnar goeueilooron$ Glgrfloiluu$otrcoo. torpro GSourotru$p gqofr5tb
ggtggcooti;giurng ua: Gleri$sroon - gfliunc gflufl@Lb ouuu$$$1g orru?rur 5u5o5un5
grlgggonnieooonu ugflqrb Glungggr.6lotourmcir gflnrfl@Clpnfrson ormrEdr tgfln8i$r org$lu5lg$Ggn6.
6tnng1i 6lo Slc$qanfletr Gergeonn$ gryqooflnn (Data) grlguuror-ulleir Lorufiruuflan sntq Snnirg$lprm
r-6lo& 6rffiuno6 o6gm6dh-@ Lo$luflri@g gruu@6u$6icoa: erotErb gflu8r-gg$Ggnrb. SrirgrooL-ur
s6$g1eoryoon eflunnnronlGru nairE e-E$tu@$g1ri orcooulleir 6ltg ,ttr Gengroar g[fl6roeeeoon
gJurq Gleriqrb arnriuq glcudroomu5let Emdig 6leou$pg. glroil eflurno - raofiruufhudeu GlunSlu5lur[, .Sl
crotugt [Link]@Looirou - uo gfuprrur @ofrgugoroonulrb Glenrufigg$gom oouruGg
gunrflBouur-crSlotrroou
Gzugooar 9156 Sle$ono groo5gg1 6r6urgl g$ltrl[- Goruur@rb. $leogt updl{+ dl$lgi olhflarno
gqocGoun6, ggurriGounLb.

Z. The main and important contents of the soil test report are summarised below
for better understanding.
Soil tests are done in the sub urban of Chennai city for G+1 Duplex Villa Type Buildings.

B Boreholes are driven upto 19.00 m below GL and Tested.

Summary of B Borehole logs is reproduced in this issue.

Soil 0.00m to 4.00m depth depicts the same type of soil brownish silty sand

- poorly graded - silt mixture (sm)

- brownish clay with low to medium swelling & plasticity (CH)

SPT values vary 4 to 8 for the above 4.00m depth.

4.00m to 19.00m.. indicates different varying soils

@ 4.50m to 7.50m... SPT values 15 to 24'

@ 13.50m to 15.00m - SPT Values... 4, 6, &7

@ 17.00m - SPT values.. 47 to 53.

@ 19.00m - SPT values 65,70, & 95.

Bed rock /hard strata was not encountered upto 19m depth (only very dense silty sand
mixture, verydense poorly graded gravelly sand with little fines was available upto
19.00m)

GroundwaterTable is met at 1.50m, 2.7Om & 2.00m depth from GL.

Report recommends a SBC of 150 kN / m2 at a depth of 4.00m from GL.

165 oiul-ir Orrfuncnir ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

SUMMARY OF BORE HOLE

Report also suggested two types of Foundation.

i) Under reamed piles with pile cap - 300 mm / 400mm / 500mm dia upto 6m depth it
also furnishes allowable Pile load (with Factor of safety of 3) for various dia of
underreamed piles (Table reproduced).

a}}{
r,1 6l&1
r , [Link]'lilr},l3rBr -
tl{-a Bx{ 8lt{ Elt t 8lt{
ttt rrrr 6,Pt
ad os
arl l.o
1,
t-ol r r / 1 6 I
r-rl r o
zal rr
rsl r.a 7
a 0 v
rnl rq
rrl ro
[Link] r r ,/ ,3 30
r.d ro
ral rr
r-al eo ,7
27 2A
i

adrrr ";
[Link] r.o
[Link] rs t0
7 2'l
[Link] eo
[Link] rc
rsl ro ?
t I
gol rr
lrl ma
9 2A
ra-ol rar ta
ro al rr.o
lolrrr
ttcl uo ,1 !'
n,ol ur i
rlcl reo !

[Link] rer I
trd to
[Link] lrr J

[Link] rso a

ts-olr.s
rs.d tao I
re ol rss
rosl rzo q:
[Link] r:-s
rr,rl rlo
rsol ilr
rcsel rso d
rgmln,s *l
ro rol roo

oiur-fr [Link] anoGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 . REAMEO PILE ITY HT!{DATION
Factor of
SafetY = Lateral
Pile Pile Bulb C,orrect eapacity
3.0 Load Uplift
Dept Diarnet Diamete 85 per
Allowable Bearing Resistanc
h er r I5r2911 * PB* 3 capacit e (kN)
Pile Load
(m) (mm) (mm) tby [Link])
Capacity v (kN)
KN
6.0 300 700 100 150 $ 80
6.0 400 800 150 350 12 110
6.0 500 900 210 600 17 140

ii) Alternatively Bored in situ pile foundation upto 17m depth of 400rnrn dia I 500rnm
dia 1 600mm dia with pile caps along with pile capaci$r calculations (Table
reproduced).

TNICTION PILT CAPACITY CALCUI-ATIONS

Lateral
Pile laad Upift
Pile Factor of SafetY =
Diamet bearing Resistanc
Depth 2.5 Allawable Pile
er capacity e (kN)
{rn} Load Capacity tkN)
(rnm) {bv Er"IilIA )
17.0 400 950 6t2 76 640
17.0 500 1300 520 104 760
17.0 600 1800 528 144 900

In addition to these, corrected values of SPT values due to overburden and again load
calculation for the SBC and capacity of underreamed piles & Bores insitu piles etc are
also furnished.

Depth (m) Field "N" 0var Over burdan Over burden Dilatancy Comcted
SPT burden corrcction Ccrrectlon correction N Vrlues
Values pre$5ure factor (C"l (N) (N")
(tlm2)
BH.T
1.50 50 3 1-4 70 42"5 43

3.00 50
( 1.2"1 80.5 37.75 38

4.$o ?4 65 1.15 27.4 2r.3 21

6.00 23 8 1"08 24.8{ 1S.t' 2A

7.50 1g 9.5 1,Ol 19.t9 17.0s5 17

Average of Corrected N values 28

These corrected SPT values - where and when adopted - is not at all indicated.

168 oir-r-t [Link] o6GuO Buitding Engineers Hand Book

3. EL06(gu qrflur5 - grbnnLo gptu$$on el1ilgg16 - g6nE1ugurnrur goeuriroouron $triGungt
unrt6sar6. Loorfi Gcngcoereot B,r"-51 gnL-ooflGoGu gO oL-@uonnn g6n66l6t)
(1 6'I6of uryuuorallot) Glcururtur-@ononan. gtug $ltUBtg,b Gungl floggg frt Lour-Lir 1.50 Lf gng6t 2.70 Lf
oueor ailg6lurnctr @66e orril]r-ilobeoou - (0.10 6 / [Link] r.d) Geugur@ Stori;oonGu gotlfi 1.20d (4"0")
(2.70 6- 1.50 O GouEun@ 6lO,i- ounrirt8ctrroar.

Glul5tiunonnn gflo6rfl6b - 4 r-fir-f (oout 3

r-fiL-fr) 4gpLir euory euoumr-et GilEE Glgnri LoeuurGor
Slgti;eoou5loi - oruug 6.00 r-frlL-rt gbpgt6oLur gqguoanp rg$grtp gnrurioon (Single under reamed pile
foundation) GunL- grgulLb (Unless otherwise if they use bentonite clay solution while boring /
auguring) @6gdJ sruupirsaflo[ o-nton gnru&ont (GF + 1 Floor Duplex Villa) - 1OO KN (10t) grgr6t)
400 kN (40t) cuooryuSlouno-m urrydroooorGu.r gg$g6nL06uf@iB19 rorfiE1dlanpor. 2x 3OO [Link]

oilL-L-1georu.t gqgu.roanpg6gi6 gnrufroGor 4.50d g5prir Glenouuuroo (4OO KN) unrygcogg gnpio
euoiroooorurns Oo.r;gt Gungt - ngDone - orgorilg gqgturoL-u1rb
@etondr 2x4oo firfr / 2x500 [Link].
oilL-rgteoru.t 6.00rf g5g$6lpgi, Gun@og$gt ufl$grrry g66lpnrtoai. IS : 2911 - part 3 - 1980 -

Table 1 Code of Practice for Design and Construction of Pile Foundations emm6digmt ,,* -
glrnnr 990 KN mDEI6 1156 KN unry$rogd gnrJro ousira:romulonon Gungr - $louidlai unry$gnnirgt
6fp-om2 x 100 KN/ Zx 150 KN /
2 x 120 KN ncur$goupnod;goopggroggl4lpnrisoneroutE
qfluailstano. (6tgluDdl SlouriooflL-rir runlgrb Gsrorg Gurgr - Glungggrfletong gtg6g6ng6og
urfl$g1oo[$g Ggnr-oironuooir g6uDfl60+ gnnirg$pooour G.u (gaDDggt{ij orumdd@rir g6,6lpnioon.
$looouGluebarrrh ol@grtoon / sr-@r-onart 6lunpflunonrioofloor-Gu.r Glugrir gpuu$oogGur
qfru@$$qotong1.

ur$pno-.. Bored in situ pile foundation upto a depth of 17.00m...400 mm / 500 mm /

600mm dia E-rnon gg5g6ngnt)gqrb urfl$g1rory$glononnrtson. 19 rfiL-rt ggpri ourory GleL-gri uranpGun

(Hard rock ) / [Link] OoL-g$ georyGun (Hard Strata - Mostly stoney) @otoung Gungr
SnnireGououfrgu urryGun (r-6lo8 a,-@gors) 40t $l6rijgri, Gung ergfreno 95t / t3}t/ 1B0t gnnirgrb
aflrrgoooL-u.r Bored Insitu Pile Foundations with group of piles (say 2 or 3 or 4l
ggg56rg6ogu urfl$ganryBdlpnrtoon. g6uD6op Friction Piles ggo orgouoorotionLootr End bearing Piles

on Hard strata g5o mtug orgourom5gt - eeuur6dlL-@ Btrrdlour gnnig$pan 95t / 13Ot/ 1B0t ann$
g64lpnfooi. $lorpoop Friction piles - 17m depth ggo org6uouru5g16 oom66lL-L-not $rarfrflan
Snnirgpflpnn; 612 kN (61t) / 625 kN (62.5t) / 630 kN (63t) ornnGp eflurrs ou66lpg. gorurq
Glgfloil6gg:i Guro r-6lo8 a.@gonan gfi6uufl6ur un[Lb - 400 kN (40t) toL-@GLo Sllgrigrb Gung
4 uuirg / 10 touirg gnlig ptlpgrooL-ur Bored Insitu Piles el+gg6n66u'g - gtgtolt Isolated
footing g[g$gon$Ggn@ gtfl@rb Gungr - 5 LoL-nirg a"-@gono& Glczuq rllgriilgrir $lggooour
etggg6lrg6u,g - [Link] Glunq,$Stofrgoop - ufl$goory Gleurgt ai@gfsanonqrb or@ronant
Glur$lunonfreooorqd o@eouuro$ g6u&gdClpnfont. $lou$cop orotondr Glgfl$Gg Glcurdlpnrioonn gqetrzug
[Link] Glenoi:dlpnfronrn 6r6urp gquruLb Emrij(g q$uL-Gcu Gleur6lpg,t.

159 or1-r-[r Gulrfrlurnonrt 06GuJ@ Building Engineers Hand Book

roeufrouuflur$o Glunflullurt - SPT r-oomGcngroouru5l6i) SPT u$uq 50ri;g GLoGo SIO$gn5t GloL-g$ gonrl

(Ha rd Strata ) $l6uugne GlsnononGoeufi@rb oanugl 9l99g6n gqfld'aoug.

As per the following correlation Table between SPT N-Values and Corresponding SBC of
Soils

Granular Soils Cohesive Soils

Type of Soil SPT Value SBC in Type of SPT SBC in

kN/m2 Soil Value kN/m2

Very Loose <4 < 100 Very soft <2 <50

Loose 4-10 100 - 200 Soft 2-4 50 -100

Medium 10-30 200 - 500 Medium 4-B 100 -200

dense soft

Dense 30-s0 > 500 stiff B -15 200 - 400

Hard >30 > 800

4.51f - [Link] e5p66lGoGu SPT N- Value 24 Clror-$goton5. 17rf ggp$$ldt SPT N- Value 53

euSgotrorg.

ggpg$loi SPT N- Value 65nO/95 Glupuur-@onong. $luug SPT N- Value 50d;g GLoeir
19r-f

@gtugns Ogrfloilti;grir r-oooui urflGengcoan gXflBros 1gLf alro[ ogarturourp/Gi,e;t-9$5cary

ClourL-dstGlupoilotnna: 6rrurg 6ruu9

Glenetdlprrioon ?

4.616g Slooou5lotr gLbr-6lurb sggg;oor Gor-o o$p

si@unom,/ ougolooLouqu Glunflunonrtaofl-fr
d$6oruurL- [Link] oooL- r-il
96o& OcnanGcmnLb.

oi@Lonco g6n66l6t - SleouGlouctflor5li@

gqniGlenanErb @nirGlenanEmno 4- Gengronr6
gfonr - 4'0" x 6'0" x ,, ,
1O'0" g4nrqoofloir 5119 JCB eunuSlcune$
GgnouurL-& Gleneta5lL- 3"0" / 6"0" / 10"0"
.i-eI

ggpnnaoflet uooudr sugoooon o@$gl& Genpeoan *K,

Glcurg$dt - 0-* Glgrflu: 6u5g6ur.

t70 oir-ut Glunfluronri ocGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

U56t 3gl9 el16lr,[ - ooun-etr Lonni, oosg (Filled up) 4gg or6u,l1 -
Gun@urufi Glpnur r-orumcil - 1gg
g$p66l$tE 5 tggui 10 gg orrrDrl - GloL-gtur-ng urunob oo6org ooflr-ocufr.

6logg+ fi uL-L-Lb 1.80 Lf (6"6") g$Sg$GoGu 6ttgrggi (a g$looflglrb) @dgSloafleut goflriuL-nioon

S)niGo Glouafl uIL uur- @ononom.

lirs I # CI2000/c

Oofidct gggtuor-uiltfi oniroqganr-ur column

,
ufl$gcos @Gpn : H"6,1 L J
GlSebeam
&deslal
- gl+gg6n ggprb 2.00 16" (6"6")
crc
- Utr6t EtrmurGl gFBg (600 [Link]) -
4 g$ldigooflet ClGlLoouuir- :
P.C.C l:i:'10
ootgeor$gron (Cement : Stone Sax,$avgmil 1:3/
$rily tust Savd mr 13
Crusher dust) 1:10 aildlggdl6t Bar5gt - hbellkd h l5(Inm
lrys&rdcffpacle(
gou0arng g[@rii6oou.l6 150 [Link] (6") SECTION A.A

Erur66l6g Glonr-g - gatpno6

GloL-griu@$g Gamui@rn. Earth
Rammer uuanu@$$ ggpg GuGou
[dumn
100 L6lLf o6n66l6g (4")
t A
[Link]-PCC gg6urdg1 onuq gnnirg$peut \
^}
2OO KN / m2 1ZOt1m') gt*ol Glenruri@ Pedestal

Isolated Footings - M20 Concrete /

Fe500 Glsnrrfr@ Gunir-ncir 400KN
?!ffn Sirc
unr66lp(g ' .,Cdn,(Ir$

1.35 m x 1.50m x 400

/ 20O mm -
9 Nos of 10mm # rebars 75 75

Gurguorourgre o-otongt. @gannoit Plan

d$lp6oGror/erflGzun (Settlement) IYPICAL ISOLATEO FOOTINO
allfleetoGonn qSuug cromg e-EJ6l nrk SP ia ($ll). tlSt i,irrt 8or qr Csrory &ra6.d rta [Link].l0 gls

[Link]. @rbgranpunetr gggg6n.i

Gleoq 40 7o gy onqd; gd geopClpgl [Link] gdltlilL- @& Gt+netglClGpndr.

E arj.r-ut [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

raad uflGerg6utor glfLiienooon : uofr6t0ur@ g6IIOluF

oi@Lonnnrrieotflon gryEgonrioonon atgororotug$g glanunoGat - pntb et-r-t GunlSrb gon$$lrtr e-onen

r-ooumruuflan gr;ourLntq -
Lnouui Gengroo-m elfld;ooouSletr Glgrflo5l$gilolr6lrorrg $l15BdlglSn ooiucog
1.206x1.20x3.00 r-firrt g5p66ldt, $trruwGr/ qg:601Et @L-nnoaflet Ggd[f Glonoufi@ g$oon Ggnotrgt}
rrflunfr6o oangrb or-@grioqgri;tqti; stOggtorn[ GlgfloilSgt 6]OBGgnLb, eJGlanrutpnoU uo
Goueufr@rn
cLournilooflet /fls$qooflet rooum Gcrgoooor g[6ki6uto g6rir goolotrson 9olDno @O65ror-ounoil,
GoGlgng r-oofrGcngroan
$ttcungrLb $tguugnotr. $lcog GLogtr o-E$nu@$g1rb zueufteumrb @rbr.or5$$ot
gdA-L tegq,b grt gtrra oi@roncur flEcrrurg$l$g g4oflri;otuL-r-gt) pLbglror-u oeuanS$$gri
GlonrufiGloruuLLgl.

@$g LorufrGerrgooour eldlsooeuilcur "Bore log" el$l$g uti;o$$lctr upfltL5ild;otur-Oonon$.

$lO Glgfl osltgt geouotreen Glgng$5afl6otu@Clootprur'

. B(D oiut-Lir GF + 2 Sennioon. gfr6uofl6ur [Link] g4$ounrt : 600KN

. rofrGlpnonE GF uu@Gu. gfrmfl6ut rfgr gEtlsunrrb:2OOKN
. oilEgl oof[orufi
1.50 grgetr 4.50 r-friL-h gggrb aourrJ, Omomeoulwnw/ rfloGlLocutooLou:nan oruuit-ot Lnrufi
r.o$uf[-r- ontq gnrirgpflpcor (SBC)' 2.5Orf g5p$616b.. 33KN/Sq.m (3.30Usq.m) Gcngannnu5lctr

Glupuur-r- S PT gr; onq.. .3 /3 /O /O /O

a urfl$g1eorydoturL- grlg$g6n6u6Do... Bored cast in situ concrete pile foundation 5O0mm / 6OOmm /
75Omm/ 900mm dia - 24 r-dir-ir gggrb. gJtigtooon uoofiruuranLotr.t (Bore log) u9, 16.00 r-fir-ft
gggg$lcoGur Gleuggganr (Hard strata with SPT - N value 40 - Hard - very dense) 6lonL-619rb
Gung ngS g,na 24 r-fir-fr qgprb oueor Bored insitu concrete pile g9gg6lT55u,gu urfl$glanfi
[Link].

a Gug6 rflo g4pflounnn gnruoflnn unUrir 60OKN ror@Grn 6t<[Link],b Gung crgfrsne 90Or-61d" o5lriugloouu-r

26OOKN gtlic gtgggri g Lo$ur-ll-@u ulfl$grror6dlpnioon.

gnnigdlpgr6rDr-ru Pile Foundation
E-ruurnnmu5lotr 16r6"ir-fr ebsgdl6t Glcr-g$goory (Hard Strata) Clcourigrb Gung pile Foundation -
minimum M25 Grade concrete Strucural column gg5 6ug6!6oLouq Gterirgnsil 600flLf ailur-grcor-ugt
- 25OO KN unrygeogqrir 900 r-6lf oi[-ugrrDLrugt - GOOOKN unrl$oogqrb (600t) gnniroortironnu
uooL-gggne 6fO,irg,b Gung onn g6ufidl6ur grnirlg$gcur gtropGu 1074KN nanErb 2600KN natrEit
Glgrflailti;dlrmpnr?aor. gtug Hard Strata Slgtucog6 56ufiGl GloncnonnLoGo Friction Pile
cranpnotr

So 6lgoffinr.o$g gricoLoGluoila:nrb gliL-ronoonnd;gdlpnfroon. lt is clearly a technical fraud -

professional misconduct (not merely a engg deficiency)

a Steoou nniroeDrDLru unriroou6g eu$gGung

g$g{i oi@unanu Oun$lu-rnonrflurb 10919 q596 [Link]
GgClr-f Gtensufi@ 1.20 x 1.20 x r-f x [Link] Lf gbpgrooLu $trrunGt Gcrgcoror6 g$lom Gunr-&
6
GlcnrmGernnrb. 1r-fir-fr gsgdlD(g Gr-ootr 3r-diL-rt ggp6 ooor - 440KN/m2 SBC Glonotuir- Soito (Coarse
sand) ulgr-oeunob u@oooGur Slool$gg. nanGou g[616t SBC 300KN/m2 oryounnr-otfletr 2.40 r-fir-fr,
gbgsdl6t - 3OOL6lLd cl6ur66l619 QD: gravel mix 1:3 gt6D6uul gtgpg6lr6 Ggn@ u*gru prufl5g6ufl g0
ggggonniroon (lsotated Footings) grlooLo$g1t Glan@$Ggnrb (6lg6ri Glcoq 1 Lor-nirg - Bored insitu
pile - 8 Lor-nir1g crnnGo Lf6ufrGf' o&erfld;SlGpnrir / edlotgt$gdlGpnrir. Beware of Faulty / bogus soil
Test Reports.

L72 oir-ut [Link] oEGurG Building Engineers Hand Book

a g6rr66l6il [Link]
Gcngnnan6 g$lson
Guntl@u unrt$gGungt 8Hb I ildr D {
6 glgdjgrii #p E6t'o) .tli
t
m hd..
ulgr-oournoir ClooL-6dlpg. ryt t-
kn [Link] [Link]
@ggoor-u.t ulgLorfgrlonq
(Grain Size) goDDptrgt
(f,, ,artr
!I lryr I It l| IT ,iaart5r!irtarE
o tooir&ioo
3.00 Ug6t 4.50 dlLf [Link] [Link] {, r -so
gt6rr6q6(g 95% gtg$ggl. 20

@ggtcor-u SPT-N u6ltq I8 J. I

a.s u-
1grurp5gt 20-25i
e..r 3a, .a,
o
,r,
I

@ggtoouu SBC
[Link]
Lo$luq t.r{, o 0
3OO KN/m2 E'
@g6t' ,6 ,_6 , t
450 KN/m2 oucor 6l0iti;(gLir
a ggnnnotl Gcngconn X.c* Clryrr rld t0
g[6ktj6ureu5l6il 2.00 r-fir-r? - ta.!o
2.50 r-fiuf ebpgdl6i) it s
L{4, !.or.i|*r.y r-s
It
6lcor-d;grir gl6no.l gOYo &xrlctryry 2.00
It.$
-:l to 21'

ia,!d
Fines - Grain Size t3no
(0.425 L6ld - 0.075 rf[.f #p
L,tlrainr.r! caFy ta& tn rl tt ,,
e-onrngne) Lab Tests n t.m

grgqoat Ogfloiltugno& rao

lrait fai Ea,*,
GlcnoUgldlpnnscn. gog$lglrb tr.& * r.@

e[6umlre5 g-6n6not.
a sggit-nn CIrg [Link]!,
tld !s It B' {-
e$p5dl6i) t-(x,
(2.00 glg5t 3.00 e,
,o,ro lr- tl t{ at
'f)
6loouri;1grb [Link] Very Soft
2?.(xt
- Silty Clay ernnqrb gdlggl
teoa$ i:t,
6lg6rfr SBC udluq Clrtry alr* 2.(p

33KN/m2 (3.3t / m2 at ,ad

al
2.50 m depth) oanqrb
gg uggLono6 gfltr-fL @ononanri'.

OgldlCBS griu+8gnai ggdlde Gonnig p-aicng.

1. g6n$6lft r.6le& eflurns SPT - N gqonqoon er@6otur-olloteoar.
2. g6draro$$lgtrir efluro Gengoonnoot 6lcrirurtur- olloilooar.
3. $ltpErd,g GLoons 6lgp19" Glungrtr-ilgrononofoqqtg r-ooufrouufludct Glun$lu5lug1rn
(Soil Mechanics Engg) gggg6nd; or-@Lonango6 grrurpurno$ Glgflurcr5letrooou.

4. ci@r-oran gggg6r cueosooti, aniGo o$g [Link] glgggonrir Glgfl$Og@6otur-GaLouf@rir,

g or$dl6ur Gleul or$s& Oea:q updlqrb UD(g6Du0u n.B$ Glgflu oiletcoo.

@tugiuriL- LooufiGcngooan gqflBanoeroon anor$gdGlorani@ acuflot

Ur-grij Glononomng$ ga5lry GorE
ar$l rrrutan?

@ orluufr [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

@tugqrh gg r.oamGerp6o6ur [Link]
rnfr$g si@Lonar flEotnnrb eqgfr LonoriL-rir Clournngnrll[SSl5b gqgorooB
grleuuioouujlot gdl1i;gn$t g4r1a
oir-L-Lb (GF+2 Floors) sL-r- $6&dlroul$ goozuooLou5luuoroB Glonrudru gg [Link] rooumGcngcoan
gJurq Slornoug$lo6ltUfg gdldnne Glu$E ori@Lonnn orgouror-ofrq (Structural Designs & Drawings)
Oeurglr- gLb $lglormgdltt gpgourfr. g{gg unfr$5$on ErlB@
r06ufrG&r56orur gqfl6ooeeoruu ug$gir
[Link] Gengooour glou,rl1gcopunsqt o-onongt Glgflu or$gonongu. gdl66lt5Egl Gengcocur

elflti;roouflnn Bore Log Details for Bore Hole 1 & 2 gluugGu.r 5ryuu@6lnnpan.
@onofl 6ansu5lan goopun@oon
1. g;anonBg$loot 10 r-fir-fr cunnrJ gtooonBorluuuocit 2.60 Lf otror LouGlGLn onr-r-tut-@oronmn.

2. gcuron gggrir 1.0 6/ 1.50 Ld / 1.80 6/ [Link] r-f $lL-nnaoflot ClooL-$g SPT-N grlnrqeqqLb g5p(Oflur

SBC Lo$ltr-f@eqgri Srtur-orSlotroo'

3. ggrireuog$le$ GluppSBC Lo$tr-f@eon (SBC Values obtained from Lab Tests) roi@GLo
gruur6tononem. gqgtqrir a.L- 1.80 m /2.A0 m g$p$Slgtonon SDR/SR-gl6ur SBC mdltr-b)son
(as per lS: 1904-1978) ug 440 kN/m2 (45ttm2) ggggns Sleireoo. rfls r-6lod (g6DD6un6 LabTests
grouLoro$ Erlrlul Gt rn onar.

4. urfl$[Link] Shallow Foundation Guruonth. 6159 qgp$$oi Gunu Gourun@6 orfin$ 8*L$
Glgrflo5ld;saik$ouro. (@g$g q0.50000,/- Gergooan$ Glgnanou:ne arqSoil6otur-@onong).

. @iuguuL-r- moufr Grrgooan g4pflBoooscoon roor$glBGlonruri@ ntug or-@Lonrm$oog

gr6urcln r@$gt& GleetzuS ?

r E-oudrnnuufleir GleuL-@ g$l Ggncofrg (Trial Pit) unri$g$16tr [Link] [Link]-fr qgp$$GoGu atierrui uncop

(Soft Disintegrated Rock-SDR) orOClDg1. cranGo 1.50 r-fr-rfr g5p1ttdl6t, lsolated Footings
gggg6ng6og 400 kN/m2 - SBC g5o eoou$gt zugoern$gr$ 5$Ggr6.

norGo ddOG orlcrfl riidlGpmn.

o LooufrGcngeoangq$l6ons eurrird'lnnngLb, gon$ptlpg gq5 JCB 6lonoum@ GlerurE 4'0" x 4'O" x 10'0" /
12'0" asmv S)q5 Gengeonnt uoronrjlson or@$gld; Cleor-&grb e-6uurool-0uln60r (Real Soil) Loruftrurflcur
gancoro66ofiu g[9$g6ndr gqroro$gGo q$pflenoSl$grmrn oar6 c6gdlGprth. fniroon orutnn

fl cor an ri;dlfr o on nefr u eo g oni s qSri; g& Glcncb o aru r ?

L74 oiuut [Link] ocGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Bore Log Details for Bore Hole - 1

Stratiticallon Dete SPT Dat ?ypr ot ernple

Doptfi bolow cl.L. Prcfile 'N' v8luos oap{ri o, Typo ol
(m) Soal r)[Link] [Link] o, [Link]
O-l 5cm 15-3ocm 3O-45cm {m} Semple
SPT
O - O.6m Filled up soil
1,.,.,,',,.

O.6m - 1.5 m Sand witr day mixed 1.5m 2 2 2 1 .5rn

E
1.5m - 2.6m R6d soil e

B€lw2-6m Dirsintegraled rcck

particles 2.6m Rebound 2.6m

Bore terminated at 2.5m depth from the existing ground level

Bore Log Details for Bore Hole - 2

[Link] O.t SPT f,.t olsmplQ
[Link]! [Link], cl.L. .l{. ealua,
(m) Profile Soal DG&rlpton r ot Typo ot
f,lapt
Depth o,
o-,r&m 15-3arcm
[Link]. Srmple
SF? 3O-45cm (mt

O - [Link] Filled up soi,

I
I

B
c
O-gn - 1.5m Sand with ctay mixed 1m Rebound 1m
#

1-5m t0 L8m Dis,ntegrated r*k L8m

[Link] Rebound 1.8m

Bore teminated at [Link] d€pth from lhe gxisting ground tevel

E o[r-lt Ounflurnonrt aocGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

r-ooufi Gcngooan gqfl&oooson

ou@gfrriig dToutot Glpflur Goour@rb?

. E6 eu@Lonaru Glunflulnonrflsb [Link] r-orufrGer5ooour g1$l&ooaooflrt s-6lr6[ lganpun@aon

rotrglrir gonEugoon uS$lu uouL- oqgdlor$gonGonnLb. 6tor6dlDtgg gmilurtu on[rro6: Glulgturonrur
r-oom Gcngooon SlEoannioconr Guoroufieou Glcuruortoon - GlurgriGlunflulluotr (Civil Engg) /

ou@unant Gtunslujluoslotr 6lp-, - Glgrfl$goryno $lobonoornGu. $topdloir uofr sdrgriflu

Gurln4lflurno6 ggdlclugpormu $ltUggngJ,b grlorrieig$ goriurr-Slq (Field Experience)
$lotlzurr-oot- oppdlq Lor@Gro L6DLru5urJnrb 6Onrgr.
GloErb ggrio:o& Gerngooan$ ErJo1o6D6Ir
gorgl6ugil;
(Ur66pun.r [Link] Ln$nLf@ (Engg judgement - inference) Gl+rirou$lct

. u6n [Link] grlSldrooeafloir oL-@Efr uDutb g99g|6n orqrueouriq curbgpfroqryiig$

Gr-og1rb

Ggeoeutu@rb pooroirsroon6 grrneor-0. 6l*g,b Clo g[dl66u,oooflot Gr-oet ogrb su@r-oncrn$gfldkU6gl

Gl6.g11$gtu@rb Our$g unrynioot (Total loads) meiroronq orernuoog$ [Link]-oGo 1500kN gtgstt
-
- 15Lf U56i) 251 fongrroL-ur g,ranonuSl5t
SOOOkN grnirs$u,-gu.r 750l60OL6lLf o5liL-gooor-u
eunfruqBgggg gneufison (Bored - insitu piles) g+pgongfiangr) urfl$grorytugrir g[9frornn uo$nrfi@
o-rgaroLotq r-6loq6 unnLor-nirg Glcoo48g&gti, qgti gqg$Srnniroanon$ (Deep Foundation)
EOorg1G
Gtgflailiugtri gncor. o-oufieouuSlet G+1 afGr OtU glrnrfl6t' 3OOkN,/400kN GI-on$5 unrlrir.

o oilL-r-gt6or-u 3.50d/4.5OLf g$9(96u'Lur el+ Glu(DEg gtrg||6

1or-fiur? zunnU oofh-oom, 6lgEg 3OOL6lLf

gnoufroon (under reamed piles) GunglurrouToo6ururrr $lguuoog6 erunr$pfleb Glonrlronnr-oGo 500rflf ,/

6OOL6lLdgspfi$ldt a6onLhurrop (Soft Disintegrated Rock-SDR) dleor-Bgrb Gurg gr19g6lrg6Dp

g$lo6tfl5i:)
[Link]-f gggg$et g[6oug$r-u urflggrooryuuglrb qg.1000/- Glcoorl Glcrirgrt SlgGloru@ri;
gdlurgrg6166g O 30000/qg40OO0 mruwGcngrosur gqfl6rooeqS6ono Glcoq Glcr[rur Ggt5dltrgl
nanug6 o-orirror-ognrfr. gnonGgnErb putuooorgnrb. Gr-ogril uo flo5[rqoaflrtr - [Link] Seorotreon
-

Glurg$groSp g+g56nrieroonir urfl$glcoryriugt - uot-ourilg e"6lg5i Gleoq oooltugil, onn uoouft

Gcrgoonn g[6l666es6r srdroL-riroooon 6l$u@$gt6u6urorsGol @1griuoog oniroaflern 45 g5oufr@6ono

g[ gru6u$61 6i) unfr $$ 6ri;ClGpnrb.

o gr;riug rrnnpnetl pofan sr-@ronanniroqS6g uofr Gcngcoan gldldj6u,ooon Ggooaru5loilroouln?

oeumgriuna$ Ggroo. or$grocau.r oi@r-onfinrieonno $16$gngurir gt+ggon$cog& erflulns g16D$ur5
elgzuoouo6s - (most appropriate type of foundation system) uruur Gcngronn grlfl6oooorlr oeufrguuno$
Ggrozu. oiur-rh oL-L-riGurgrb Lneonnu5lnn dlgonon uormaroo (Uan flo1lqeoflorn g:orono) s-6lg5tl
unry$gnnirgLb ourotrrunrf, (good bearing soils - Gravel, Gravel mixed sand, soft disintegrated rock,

soft rock Gunnnpooot) 6ro&,g,i, ur-e$$str - Lncu& GcnSomnocn GSoooltuuuoob GunoonLb. g$9)lrb e'L
emrE / $rrleufiGr / U*Er GleuL-@6 g$oon - [Link] r-firfr g5g$$lfrg Glor-g - uofiouuflrm Oor-9$

Loru& Gongoonnuilmr ouoooGu-r oanugl

g6.0rfiDr0ujl6ur6.0r ' Elpfl Glrtirg Glclnonon Geurum@Lb. @oooqril 915
sr-@uonruu Glunflulluo5let OeneUo6l$gryuu@dlpg cro?ueogri qrflfgl Glsnenon Go6ui'@6'

L76 orlr-r-t [Link] ooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Dnclu(Dtb Gonu5letoot, [Link], uofrr-ong E-rrmotorioot, urfrrong lgguSlgtqont,
Glugtil oruuflo aronnodeon o[gl, uorufrGengourar grlflBeoooon r.6lsqrb $lai$luernr.orurg6o6x. $lorscopt
GuroGo GlugLb grlrorrur6eu@oot, g@riucoomeon, fr$Ggd;onnoot Ugcflu unsan6
oL-@unonrdre€Dti;gtb 616g Loouur Gengoonn g4$l6ooseot Ggroru. ocmGou $lanoopur onal our-$pfloir -

[Link] oi@r-onanLono @l1gfgngirb Loour Gcngeonn gqfldanseon Ggcoou; Ggooo; [Link]

Ggernor.

r moufGengronr gdkicosusldt 6r6o6u [Link] gryriuL-Gourum@rir crrurg g16DD cnfr$Ggnri

orpflftuniri4lpnioot?

oL-@prteon, [Link] Glungflunonfroon Slosrop$ gnri rr$frunfrddlgnrteon.

1. gguaotrulloat uowtanaa - @6aq4ggt l0 dr-ti qg$61OO

2. aafluazt ar@)6urtrcl 6)Aigrat - eprydlnt uoniowflatiagii grapat (Afterberg limits, % of swelling,
aggressiveness)
3. 6lcuig9 gfi utttit Clauigfi 4gti
4. gd@attry7 qg66lgi'(l.1fut L504 2.0Ot... l%f oueort)dloatdg,rit uowiowftat ariq pnriqEpflgat
5. ar-@unargggflat ouaadGagfr4 aSp qgi$lil e4gpffifi g4oou6a Gatont@tit?
6. Oar-@uaniooowr - $lrnqggqiOn uuLaiu@gfigorun ?
7. 3 dt-ui 4gtrit ouay $latilEtit eryof,rt - @6aE gndlgti ar6u6wr6 @rynflat g4ag ouofuatuiu@1Sg1tit,/
Gudu@gElit Agngfioiglt-uti oatoar ?

8. allypgani 6la 4gutra @ASgoou - 6tatL@urnt ertlunuob @1gdaa4i - gcA&ut goatGu aLtiuLt-
atttritaat @gfiprot gfiaa! afigcfilqn urpfltqi gyat-utnuafl1giaaqi o@da Goumtgw goottGloordarffuiaa
gat-goagaai wnooat?
9. 6lagpr* $ftut-t-ti 6latL@ 4ggfipflggaiGonfiw @6ti1gunanra, glag aanftGwgg oeatal @6aDDg
E;6aLgo6ag e-$gflaat 6r6Dar ?
l0- umi atooaui)gnt - gfilnq e-iqaal (atkaline) Gunofig Ga@ aflaardryfii
(corrosiveness), gingt
&atpflndurrygLaat (aggressive chemicals) aafipflgfignon gatE6l6ti afrflwgagd goag66d/ o6t67fi
ungga Scatgdooaaat oaat? @*Ddlgfi a,t aoot-dluilgnier 89,10 figoaatiu0ili fila$apat g(D AN
ui@Gu. uggug lgopot 7 gaouatalryri erflwnagfi gviut- Gatowt@ti aottHg agfliuriddlgnrtaat.

oiuut [Link] o6&JO Building Engineers Hand Book

gsirGlorg gUpg$lgif' Glupiurr- SPT- N g6nof@oon. (Bore Log)

McdturI)*r IFTT}- [Link].*

hrlt rfrel. M.
If rlr t md Tpr .a
ttillho?ficn d &t&il t'&t
lhrth l{lr 3Aa.
F' tFr illicln tst

t-irr ? 3 3 1.5m

a'-lll t]Lt

3t!t 3 3 { 3n

t
3

4.$m T 7 s a.5m
r
tir-&t O?[Link]

0.n 1 I I trt

Bm :uirrrd i ta [Link] tlm $tr rx&&g Imnt lur*

Correlation Table between SPT N-Values & SBG of Soils

GranularSoils GohesiveSoils

Type of SPT. N SBC Type of SPT. N SBC in

Soil Value in kN/m2 Soil Value kN/m2

very <4 < 100 Verysoft <2 <50

Loose

Loose 4-10 100 - Soft 2-4 50 -1 00

200

Medium 10-30 200 Medium 4-8 1 00 -200

dense 500 soft

Dense 30-50 > 500 stiff 8 -15 200 - 400

Hard >30 > 800

L78 air-ut Ourflurncnir cnoGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

Glulgtunoron Lonmr uflGergeonn g4flBeoosaflct g$Glurggl gfltu@offur nan6u?

Slanou Gunglron?

1. rrnirGo LoofrGcngour6ur - run(DnDLru Gamn@Gonafleurug og|grooru or-@Lonrur$pfl;fiono& [Link]-lgt.

cr$geoan Guooorurr6ur Gcnpnnanoen [Link] @on onan.

2. Glouu@$gooon (Borehole log) ouooryur--$gluout (qCIidj1gGlor@) goirGbung gUpg$lgj6 Cloor-6ot

GluErb roruficuoflmr oucoe, gq$g ggpniroaflet Glupuuir- SpT - N gonopon.
3. Lorutrouoflcn aaruq oll4lgSi geoeiroon (Grain size distribution)

4. 6la:59+ frrair-rir 6loor-6grir e5p6.

5. GoE Gengnnanoon (qgriolo$$loir Oeriganar) grg6qo6r.

6. goirGleunlS gUp66lg)t6 r-oeufrouflan onuq gnnirg$lpan (Safe Bearing Capacity / Ultimate Bearing
Capacity etc.,) $koo Glgnrfruran orumrid@oon.

7. $lroar g6fl[ n$g gspgdl6[ - er$gooou: g+gg6ng6Dg gqcor-oBoonrb orruiugr rg6lgg urflEgourrr.
(@l$g6Doru etg6g6nt urflggrory / o<Dggtoor - r.ocufiurflGcrgnD6ur $lElonng$ot gtdlonr
ooUanzu6gL-urir-goiro. 6lbb ebpgdl6b o$groou.r Clgggonpoog g[6oD$$L Geuoum@rn ncutugt
orgarooratqt [Link] ori@unanu Glun16lunon15ri eo$g GuCl n@tio Goruurgrug ootueog gnrb
u6u(yr6rDp cL-@r-orcort [Link] or@ooryoaflstr 6l*g GlgafloreGou Glgrfla5l$gorGonnrb ocuiugt
6tgg1g,6nr56l6t 1fr6',ui@ri' flananqgr-L-tuGrdlpgr)

. g[giuol(grb oi@[Link] Glunflullu:a5loil ouoUonnmqrir G1u$p argarorntqri Gluffirunonlgdg Gganourunour

ailo:rniroon unaoor?

"1. Glaru@6 Ofom ggu{i(g G1o.l-@t ur-rb rofiCItLb gorfidlour goirGleurg gUpg$lg1f' [Link]

ar6on - g6u66l6n ontq gnnirg$lpat.

2. Gcngoorur$ Erlo{66r - gar0dl6ut gqgtucor-uSletr gnnirg$lpail / e,trll'q g]rFigdlp6rfr Lo$ltrf@oot' -

oonr6d@oot.

3' 6logg+ frroir- g5p6, ooflurudrcumne Slg$gnctr e-tqrb ailgti;on@ (Percentage of swelling)
Lo$trf@aqgtiig$ Gllgnr-rtunan BIS FT q@coflan [Link], lgsltuna or@6e Gououfigur
grnnGlnn&crfl6eoa gr-arg6coooon gr$aSluancu Gurgtuonananor.

L79 oiur-ir Ourflurnmir aocGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 urflGcngman grgfl6mo: o$lfrun?tumo / GlonGl6otu@ucoot
[Link]

uamGerponn g!fikiaoouflir d$riiodu goorctroon ErytuuGarcmr@rir; o$frunfr6otu@dlotpan

1. Loofrruoflrur o'u6tDrb... 1Lf, 21fr, 3d, ..... 10 ufir-ri
6u6D[ oo[rq oildlg6. rffi]
ebp6 rooudrruoflorn lElnrxl N

4'lryreuoil, ulgLoomoit, @oolt-oournril, GlSrdt

ro6uoctl, onfl-oeu& oildlgniroclr goirG:lorg

+
gUp66lgu6 Sieve analysis, Shear test,
mltlli[rnBl
Atterburg limit - Moisture content, Shear a
*t1
strength
2. Loani,euuflot gnnnnLooon - Dry density, nflar
t lrlr6 uofs
}GIB
Percentage of Swelling etc., a
Sll
3. 6125g+ fr Lour6... Correction factor I
t( lm
Corrosiveness of the soil - with precautions
aEtsrmr
I
to be taken ailEttr IIt
I
I SITE PtJAI'l
!a
4. SPT - N Values at every metre dePth I
rtLlSDf,cli

Different settlement characteristics - Hard strata availability within 10m depth.

5. Corresponding ultimate bearing capacity & SBC at those depths as per soil mech table

- Factor of Safety safe adopted (2.50)

6. Presumptive Bearing Capacity of the soil as per lS : 1904 - 1978

7. Assessed SBC value as per lab test parameters. (Bore log data)

8. ngg €Spgdlctt gtgggdr56u'5 gqooLo6oor6.

9. gt+gg6r Glor-@ Loruficoruor Slryuq r-oofrcumnot uuaiu@$gonLor?

10. g[g$g6n rnoufiemos Poor bearing soilggo 6ltU$gn6t, gqeog nrirgreopulloil Grarbu@pgzunrh.

11. cr$lrtuni6gd GlLnn$g unrynirolgsgrir, r-oormeuuflmr geurror.o6gt 6[bp gg6g6lTor6rD6

up$hu e<g6glernr.

12. gg$56n6 grlrorosgdr Gung n@So Goeufiguj grofiOanriorfl6roo EL-ogBcoooon

Such as dewatering while earth work excavation. - Shoring, Strutting/ Seismic Zone.

@eoal gor5lr Excessive & additional lab results & computation / tables
etc. are not at all

required since they confuse clients and also give contradictory results.

180 orlur-t [Link] ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 i

i
t
/
I

7.2 6lof$l6og g$luq r$tpnnpoon

AN EARTHQUAKE PREPAREDNESS. GUIDE

o[uut Arr&tnenf oeGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

i

i
t

\
 Excerpts from:
An Earthquake
An Earthquake Preparedness Guide
Preparedness Guide
A ready reckonerfor Home Dwellers
Past earthquakes in our country brought home the harsh reality that earthquakes
)
don't kill people, unsafe buildings do. About 600/o of the land area of our country is
susceptible to damaging levels of seismic hazard. We can't avoid future earthquakes,
but preparedness and safe building construction practices can certainly reduce the
extent of damage and loss. To take necessary action it is mandatory for every
citizen to have elementary knowledge of what is an earthquake, forces acting on
structures, remedial measures to be taken for structural safety and knowledge of
what to do before, during and after an eafthquake.

This guide will serve as a reference tool to sensitize citizens about the issues
concerning preparedness measures for an earthquake.

1. What is an earth quake?

Oue to this movement of plates fhe energy

Ihe surface of earth is These plates move
stored is suddenly released when rocks get
made of several lates all thr tirne crushed under stress and streads in the form of
waves inside the ground creating earthquakes

I 3

(o$tlEitrl rbb
Plit

[Link] of Plates BulHlng of shres nelome of rnryy

At the Joint of two lnteractlng plates the rocks get crushed under great stress
causing earthquake waves ln all dlrecfions.

181 erlr-ut Onflurncnri 06Gur(D Building Engineers Hand Book

 2. What causes damage to the building?

Estfi bttlldlqg end & rry

II
hwc dtktrt wln*mbll*Y
II
II I (
II I
II I I I i

m
w
generally
It rprcodr

Grurnd rlnklng *rcrc

in roilt *dl

$uddcn fault nm*murt trciltw

ground riltrklng

I I
I
lrnrEnr a rheet of elot*. Sy rtrakng rt !t qnr Becaus* of tfit wrvc, honrontal iorcr act* on the
qnd,i *n,r* rs fg1fiad. Ihrs'rr *hat happ*r* rn hurt**g" for Sri* rld*xayx t$&fm*&t ttr btil*ng
aneart}}Euake,hartobtrp*clficgllydel*gncd'

-a

i{orma$y Srt nxgrht of th* btlrldrng trs*{c f,rxl, and rn rorrr{ cases farlurer, ocrur if the
vrrtierly dowo to *re ground. AII buil*np;r* :haBe" rntt*rral a{rd &t&rk gf tie mnstrucsm art
dtxl{**d for thrs ureight. not &uate to Hdlstand xdcv*ys rhakrng,

t82 oir-r-t G}.nrdruncnri ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 3. Oifferent structural sy*temsl a Bacic Guide

Load Bsadng Strueturc Fclnforccd ConcrctG (RC,, Sarm *trrrcttnr

rr ..
.:
ir
f
tr
;
,: .

(generally ground floor + 1 storey)

TanGmGnt t{id-ri* fhts

,-li
u il u ,i '-'

[: tt
lt ittl
il

I
il l1
:-l T
il l't.; t':
l: I r:
Simf,e B,C. frame R.C. fuame structure
structure with Podium
llid-rke Flata Towcnr

4. What happens during an earthquake?

t" [Link] hearlng Struchre

, :,
t";

t."i

:'l

:.

ilid ris firtt

nu lotd b*rring rrll* xt ar r rtiffhor. Tha ma}c{

point in lltAx box ic ti* *3*ltings fur &ors and xindsm
and tfrc iunctifi bGtrcn $* *nr* rnd r**b,
Singh Sbruy rcriderdd tku*

183 eiuut [Link] ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

[Link] Structure

Open Ground Stolty/Bulldlngr on Stlt&

The RC frame $ttt{[Link] $*rere $te gtgarnd stor€ry b ltft open wltfreut any
partttbn Yrslls {of el$rer l,lasonry or, RC) bdrveen the erfumns ffie callsd Op€n
glurmA Serey buildlngs gr, buildings on stilk. In thls fia6e ll b rela$vdy flex6le
mdweak in tle groutd Srcy.
The plesence of w* ln Srt Wper stqrry makes Utan nuch sfffier thm
ttre open ground sbrcy. Thus ttxty move almost tog$rer s a sing1|e block. A$
U1g c13lumns l;t the open storey are rpt strong enoqgh ln reslafing sid€ways
ttra&irq from the earthq*tke, Srey *et teverery &*"S*d, st&sequg!1fy leadlrE
to couap6e of the super stnEttlre.
txperlencr fls shsl{n &at buiHtngs on $lb do rpt perfwrn well tn
earttquaker unlffi the cokrirm and bearn connectiom on tfe glound fioor have
becn sp€clally d$Igrred to rlthstand fe shakir$ bd. A *w cp8ons tre shown
ln the ltgrure below.

l!il8!l
EN
BM ,Lc, rlr,etr*r a
gg r{fr
Opoa
Sbtlf
Omrod
8rrrding an r€dtr
l?ll?l

o
dortary ut Proritljry k*ryi; t'* olsrr*r P?ovr&r1gertd i*tk
.rt le.r.*r C 56rlr"$t# cfry*n5noundSry [Link] a*flitrr

a. Mid rise framed Structures without open ground storey

[] )
l) ll

n
I
-l il
u li
x,,..) i-l
tl
i:l
; n
x
l"*

RCC frames bend due to horizontal forces.

Mid rise framed Structures, G + 4 This affects the joints of the columns and
beams. They may crack.

L84 orir-ut Gilurflruronir ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 b. Mid rise Frame Structures with projected balcony and with open ground storey

t
I

T 0uring thr e*rtlrquake it ts *re

il I colurnns that carry tlre upper port

of thr building. Iherc cclumns are

il r *ffecttd Sre m*rt during thr

shaking.

In thrs ca*e thr *ame ab*v* the .) I

ground fl**r k
projected ft'om the {.

eolumns and cndmed wi$r walls.

C. Tower Block with open ground storey

('

Sue to the hcight, dre horizontal

form during an rarthquake rnay
causc the buildrngs to sway in
hoth dircctions.

I t

t'
Eeysndgrcund+{floors

d. Tower Block with Podium

?ha podiurn tm& ta msvr

qL{ hari:oatally during rn car*rguakc.
At the same tirne thr tsrrcr will
-a, -1l- -; bsnd due ta Sre horizontal forer.
Thr most rffc*cd arca is thr Boor
absve the @ium, This lcvel
*hou*d bc ck*ad carafully,
rl rl

, t ta
ln sudr clres thc Fodium reducrs
the height of $e tovrsr.

185 eiuut Oqdurnoni o6GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

 5. Inspec,t your Building
If you live in a multistoried bullding you ara not sure it has been
and if
deslgned to resist ear$rquake forces, the first step that needs to be taken ls to
sensitizE your fellow residents and the neighbourhood about the damages and
losses they may face in an ear$tquake.
The next step would be to get your building revlewed fior ear*rquake sofety by a
cornpetent and experienced structu ra I eng ineer.
Who is a Structural Engineer?
A structural englneer is ona who is tralned and experlenced to understand 1

how bulldings are constructed and how they behave and be able to recognlze
weaknesses whlch may cause them to collapse ln an ea*hquake event. They will be
abls to survey your building and advise you on whe*rer strengthening is neeessary
and lf so how it can be done. Structural englnaens will be abla to supervlse or, get a l
competent psrcon for supervision of repair work on your behalf to make sure that it
I

is done properly. Select a structural engineer registered with the Local Au$ority.
1

$equence in which Structural Elem€nts tre to be checksd \

A. Corner Columns rnd beams I
l

B. Peripheral Columns and beams

C. Crntllevered beams { for Balcony covered framed bulldlngs} I
D, Stair walls and colurnns and lift walls
E. Columns at uppar lovels,
F. Water tanks I

G. Infill and partition Walls

H. As a precautionary m€.sure the beams and columns as well as their Junctlons
at all levels must be checked.

(
,

I
I

I
i
I
I

l'

to cau6a Elements recur€d to avoid dam*gc

185 oiur-t Glrflurnarfr cDcGulO Building Engineers Hand Book

 7, Strengthen lRetrofit your buildins

ilil
I
w

rrails
I

Gttvrtrr**d pr*Id;d
steel wfre medi

o '- Horizontal s*isrnlc Be lts just abov* tho hnte ls of soor and window opening

o- Hsrlzontal bslts Just balow th* rocf

o' Vertlcal Seismic 3*lts at walt Junctlons {L & T Junctians}

o Seisrnic belt around doors and windows conteining galvenised wolded stsel
wire mesh es relnfiorrc€rnent
I

I
I
s- Seiernic belts around the gabl* wall
I

STEPS TO I3Y ?}IE SEIS}iIC STLTS IH YOUR H(}USE

Step -I - Ramove plester in th€ height of the bett"
Stap *3 - Rake out nnortar jaints to L2 - 15 rnm depth.
- Clean the surfac* and w*t tt with *tatar,
I
$tap * 4 - Apply neat cement slurry and thereafter apply the first coat of 13 mm
I thickness c*rnent mortar. Roughen tha surface of the plaster befsre
I initial hardening.

ffi
I

- Flx the mesh with 150 mm long nails at abgut 300 mrnr apart while
the first caat of plaster is tn its infilrl harder*tng stags,
St*p - 6 - Apply second csat of piaster of 16 rnrn thickn*ss.

L87 or}-ut [Link] ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 8. lilhat to do SEFORE an
Always remember: ,!

"Earthquakea don't kill people, uruafc buildin$E do." 1

I
t
Reinfsrced bne{* Flaso,ary Crackr b*ing developed over the openings

trc esrt Ot* Urc psptr s$uduml Sval$rtc ttrc rtrucUrd roundncrc of
dcd*n an{ cry&rcrlng practlm* arc [ultdrytrl riraftgrhcn/ ru*rofit tf
bllwcd rlrllc mn*tnrcling r hnurc" nCc't3tarY.

7hr;e Poinfs ta rememler.'

1" tA/hile buildinE your house rnake sure lt
is dasignad for your safaty. 5e* tfiat your
bulHing ls deslgned and built as por the
norrns laid by the BIS codcc. l*etu*imd
lurelu of fndlan $tandardc (BlS) CnurfuEr6ry&truru
has published tha following sslsmlc Dcrtl cf Stmcorct ,I
codes: kfSilaralnr
ffr.E
IS. l&'3 (f*l lL IOO2, trdlat Standard Crtt€ri8 for
[Link] &€$rxt&t* Dcalgn d Stftnlres (f Revriryt) ,

I3: alfq 1co3, lrd,so stardard codr of pr8ct{:* for I

Earlfquake ftes,s&nt o*slqn wd co{l3r${ron af &dld*rry
{}d Revt$m}
l$! f3AXt, lrtml, Indan Standard G{adel*ne* fo{ Itntre,}rlg
Esrthq$t{e RedstancE of Eartxn elildngF
I5r f3A:& tgm, lrdllao gtsftdard e*&lint* for Improvtng
Ear&q{rakc xe$sarlce d Low *rength HmorrY Bui**igr !r:Jbfr!*
Ist 13gar, fgI& lxsan s{andard cod* o, Pracue tur b8.
D(,c0ee f,tt$tlinq qf Refrfu(€d Cofftett g&rr{*res 3$Fcted
to sr*rnK Firrfft
fS! l3gfs lgr1 Ind.n Statldard 6i|.{d*{}fie* for RePaar snd I*a Srrreau of Indian
s*HTllr $rerq$$ltftq sl B$tl*rqs Slsndards fias laid dawn
t. If you are livlng ln a houselflat, work co& of pracfce &rdesign
to improve lts enfety. cntena ofstnrtures.
3. If you ara looking tor a plrca to stly, you
rheuld look for safiety.

188 oiuuir G[nrflurnmfr 06GurO Building Engineers Hand Book

 ., ji."
t,&11,*
,s\
i tO. tfilhat to do AFTER an earth ''i
- 4]n"..
1 EErIru[lAXe
!
I Chreklirt of DO'r and DOil'Tr 'r:.! !::,.1

att).:,;11:,r.'1..,i"
BO',t
r Chsck for flre and, lf any, have lt r Take your earthqurke rurvlval klt
I
wlth you.
controllcd.
t Chrck your watrr and rllctrlcal llnrs t for
tt should contaln all necoaEary ltams
your prot*tlon lnd comfiprt.
for def*cB.
r If any damage ls suspecttd, turn tha ]XIIT'Tr
eyatern off from ths maln valve or, r Don't enter partlally damaged
swltch. bulldlngr. Strong ahr*hocks crn
r Clarn up hourchold chemlcal spllls, causa furthor drmage to thr
toxlc and flammabla rnabrlal* to bulldlngs rnd waak structures may
avold any chsln of unwantrd evants. collapee.
r Gaths lnformatlon rnd [Link]$ary r Don't ure your tebphonc to crll
lnstructlons fum hrttery opcrated rdatlves and *lende, clll only fior
radlos. medlcalhelp.
r Obay Publlc safiety prccautlons. r Oan't usa your two-wh*alsrlcer to
r Lcrvr r
mas$rg. rtatlng whrrc you drlva around th* arrat of damrga.
ara golng lf you must tvacuate your Reccus and rsllef operatlone nc*d
resldanca. ths road for moblllty,
Until buildin is declared safa or rs have been ete
I
I 1,. Do not ltll Bre overheed tank completely.
2. Do not clrry out haphaaard repalrc, Rrpalns should be done only under Bre
supervlslon of a structurrl englneer.
3. Do not put addlUonal eupports wlthout &r guldrnco of an oxpedlnc*dlquallflrd
structural englnccr.
4. Do not us* the llft untll lt has baan chxked and certlfled by the llft cornpany.

I 11. $ome fmpo*ant Facte

I Pradlctlon of earthqurk*E ls not posslble. Do nst listen to or, spread rumour*.
I Exprct rftershocks. Aft$shocks Ero normally lesE lntsnse and gruduelly dla out.
I Long tarm strrngthrnlng or, retrofittlng muEt bc dons to rvold futurr fallurug.
Tho technology, axpartlge and the codas of practlce for thls exlst ln the country.
r The cxtra coet of aarthquake rrsletant features ln revera aarthquake lone for
mtsonry bulldlnga rhrll be 4-6 a& and for R.C. bulldlngr (4-8 rtoreys) would bq
5-6 %.
I Retrollttlng of bulldlngs not lnltlally daslgnad fior earthquaka will cost 2 to 3
tlmeg as tnuch aE tho extra cost of thc aa*hquake rurletant fatturcs ln the nrw
bulldlng*.

- Courtesy t National Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi

189 or}-ut G[-nflurnmir nooGur@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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7.3 oirufioanon @+,igrb (Uourpoon

DEMOLITION METHODS OF BUILDINGS

erluufr Orrdunrmir lo6GuJ@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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 METHODS OF DEMOLITION
General
The choice of demolition method depends on the project conditions, site constraints,
sensitivity of the neighbourhood and availability of equipment.
Top down methods are applicable for most sites, particularly for those situated in busy
urban areas. Other mechanical methods applied from the outside of the building may
be suitable for projects that have sufficient clear spaces. For structural projections,
such as balconies, canopies and verandahs extending beyond the building lines,
I demolition by hand held tools or the cut and lift process may be a safe solution.
Methods using wrecking ball and explosive should be adopted with extreme care when
? well planned adequate precautionary measures are provided. The applications of
demolition methods are summarised in Table 4.1.
I
The suggested procedures described in this Code of Practice are recommended good
I practices for demolition of common structural elements only. Each site has its specific
I features and conditions. The method, including detail procedures, shall be designed to
accommodate the specific project requirements. In general, demolition should be
carried out in the reverse order of construction, as far as appropriate.

Top Down - Manua! Method

General
Top down method discussed below is the method that proceeds from the roof to
ground in a general trend, there are particular sequences of demolition which may
vary, depending on site conditions and structural elements to be demolished.
For reinforced concrete buildings, jack hammers are commonly used to break down the
concrete. Oxy-acetylene torch could be used to cut the reinforcements. The structural
elements shall be broken down gradually or by alternate methods as described in the
) following sub-section. The reinforcements shall remain until all the concrete connecting
to or supported by the reinforcement is broken away or when its support is no longer
required. Cantilevered canopies, balconies and exterior walls are critical elements in
building demolition. In congested areas, these features could critically impact on the
safety of the public. Demolition of these features shall be performed with extreme
caution. If rope or tie wires are used to pull down the structural elements, the pulling
wire must be at least 4 time stronger than the anticipated pulling force. In addition,
workers shall be shielded from the rope or tie wires. The rope or tie wire shall be
checked at least twice per day.

Demolition Sequence
Demolition sequence shall be determined according to actual site conditions,
restraints, the building layout, the structural layout and its construction. In general,
the following sequence shall apply:
(A) All cantilevered structures, canopies, verandahs and features attached to the
external walls shall first be demolished prior to demolition of main building and its
internal structures on each floor;

E oir-r-t Glrrfurncni ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

(B) When demolishing the roof structure, all lift machine rooms and water tanks at high
level shall be demolished in "top down" sequence to the main roof level. In demolishing
the external wall or parapet wall, the procedure as stated shall apply;
(C) Demolition of the floor slabs shall begin at mid span and work towards the
supporting beams;
(D) Floor beams shall be demolished in the order as follows:
(1) cantilevered beams; (2)secondary beams; then (3)main beams.
In the case when structural stability of beams are affected, e.9., due to loss of
restraints, the affected beams shall be propped prior to loss of support or restraint; I
(E) Non-load bearing walls shall be removed prior to demolition of load bearing walls;
I
(F) Columns and load bearing walls shall be demolished after removal of beams on top;
(G) If site conditions permit, the first floor slab directly above the ground floor may be
demolished by machine sitting on ground level and mounted with demolition
accessories.
Top Down - By Machines
General
The sequence of demolition by machine is typically the same as the top down manual
method, except that most of the demolition is done by mechanical plant. The demolition
begins with the lifting of the mechanical plant on to the building top floor. When rope or
tie wire is used for pulling, the workers shall be protected or stay away from the area
within reach of the rope or tie wire. The wire strength shall be at least 4 times the
anticipated load. The rope or tie wire shall be checked at least twice per day to ensure
that they are in good working conditions.
(A) Supports for Machines
The loading to be imposed on the floors by the mechanical plant shall be checked. If
needed, propping shall be installed at floor levels below the working floor to safely
support the operation of the mechanical plant. The movement of the mechanical plant
shall only be within the propped area. The movement of the mechanical plant shall be
prohibited in the following areas:
(1) within 2 m of the building edge; (2) within 1 m of any floor openings; or
(3) any cantilevered structures.
Markings such as ribbons, paints or other appropriate means shall be used to identify
the propped area and limits of the mechanical plant movement. The extent of the
propping shall be determined based on the anticipated operation, the allowable loading
on the floor slabs and the site conditions.
(B) Lifting of Machinery
The mechanical plant shall be lifted onto the roof of the building by the use of mobile
crane or other appropriate means as approved by the Registered Structural Engineer,
Prior to the lifting operation, propping shall be installed on the floors beneath the roof in
accordance with the approved design. The crane shall be properly tested, examined and
operated in accordance with the Factories and Industrial Undertakings (Lifting

L92 oiu-t [Link]? 06GuO Building Engineers Hand Book

 Appliances and Lifting Gear) Regulations. The operating area shall be blocked off during
the lifting operation. Approval from the Hong Kong Police Force and the Transport
Department shall be obtained prior to the operation if temporary road closure is
req u ired.

(C) Temporary Ramp Construction

The machine shall descend down to the next floor by means of a ramp. The ramp may
be a temporary structure or other appropriate design. The slope of the ramp shall be no
steeper that 1.75 to 1 or as recommended by the machine manufacturer. Temporary
structure shall be designed and constructed in accordance with 3.5. Propping
requirements for the temporary access ramp are referred to in 3.5.5.

As an alternative, the machine may also be lowered to the next floor by the use of
mobile crane or other appropriate means as proposed by the Registered Structural
Engineer. Similar precautionary means and procedures shall be followed as above.

Demolition Sequence
Demolition sequence shall be determined according to the actual site
conditions,restraints, original building layout and its construction. In general, the
following sequence shall apply:
(A) prior to demolition of internal floors, all cantilevered slabs and beams, canopies,
and verandahs shall first be demolished;
(B) the structural elements, in general, shall be demolished in the following sequence:
- slab; secondary beams; then main beams.
(C) mechanical plant shall descend from the floors with temporary access ramp, or be
lowered to the next floor by lifting machinery or by other appropriate means;
(D) when a mechanical plant has just descended from the floor above, the slabs and
beams, in two consecutive
) floors may be demolished
by the mechanical plant ';i.:r
simultaneously. The
mechanical plant may frofflry
work on structural
I
elements on the same
floor and breaking up the
slabs on the floor above;
(E) the wall panel,
including beams and
columns shall be
demolished by gradually
breaking down the
concrete or by pulling
them down in a controlled
manner;
Figure : Typical sequence of top down method with mechanical equipment,
I

I 193 air-ut [Link] moGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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Mechanical Method by Hydraulic Crusher with Long Boom Arm
General
The crusher attachment breaks the concrete and the reinforcement by the hydraulic
thrust through the long boom arm system. The hydraulic crusher can be operated from
the ground outside the building. This method is also suitable for dangerous buildings,
silos and other industrial facilities. Figure 4.15 illustrates the typical operation of
hydraulic crusher with long boom arm. For environmental reason, it should be used
wherever practicable because of its quietness.
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ABII : PI"'I&ING 0$T

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Fig. Mechanical Methods

Application Criteria
o The operation shall have a minimum clear space of Ll2 the building height as a
safety zone for the falling debris;
o The equipment shall be inspected and maintained periodically to make sure the
equipment is in good and safe condition. The excavator shall operate on firm ground
that can support the machine during the crusher operation;
o Except for special applications, each section of the structure shall be demolished in
a top down sequence to ensure stability of the structure;
o Debris may be used to build up a platform for the excavator to extend the range of
reach. It is important that the debris is densely compacted to support the operation
of the excavator. The platform must be flat and the slope must be stable. The
height of the build up platform shall be limited to 3 m. The side slope of the
temporary platform shall not be steeper than 1:1 (horizontal to vertical) unless the
condition allows a steePer sloPe.

E oir-ui Omflurnonir ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 a The slope of access ramp for the machine shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's recommendation. The width in both directions of the platform shall
be at least one and one-half the length of the machine to allow safe manoeuvre
during the demolition operation;
7 a To minimise the dust impact, the structure shall be pre-soaked with water before
I
demolition. Water shall be continuously sprayed during the crushing operation;
a Debris may fall out of the building during the demolition. The site shall be
completely fenced off. There shall be 24-hour guarded security to allow only
authorized personnel for site access. During the operation of the crusher there shall
be no worker within the machine operating area or inside the building; and
a The crusher operator shall possess the essential skills and significant experience
in
the crusher operation. There shall be a spot person to assist in the operation and
alert the operator of any potential problem during the operation.

Wrecking Ball
General
The wrecking ball application consists of a crane equipped with a steel ball. The
destruction of the building is by the impact energy of the steel ball suspended from
the
crawler crane. The wrecking ball operates outsidl the building, This mltnoo is suitable
for dilapidated buildings, silos and other industrial facilities] However, the operation
requires substantial clear space. The application also demands high levei skill
operators
and well-maintained equipment. Figure 4.16 illustrates the operation of Wrecking
Ball.

Application Criteria
The recommended criteria for the use of wrecking ball are presented in the following:

' Except for special application, the balling of each section of the structure shall
proceed from top to bottom. Care shall be taken to maintain
? the stability of the
structure;
I
. Recommended techniques for the wrecking ball operations include:

i. vertical Drop - free falling of the wrecking ball onto the structure;
I ii. Swing in line - swinging of the ball in-line with the jib. A second dragline will
normally connect to the ball horizontally to control the ball motion. The ball
shall be swung into the building. The ball shall strike at the top of the member
I so as to avoid the member from falling outside the building.
Slewing the iib is not recommended. The motion of the ball by slewing the jib is
difficult to control' It demands expert knowledge of the machine and structure as well
as operating skills to safely perform the task. Slewing can potentially induce a
tremendous amount of stress on the jib, as such, its use shall be avoided;

L97 orluui Glnflurnomfr ooGru@ Building Engineers Hand Book

 {

portion of the
a The jib or boom shall be operated with no less than 3m above the
structure being demolished; I
a clear space for operation between the crane and the structure being demolished
shall be 500/o of the height of structure, the clear distance between the site t
boundary and the building to be demolished shall not be less than 50o/o
of the
building height plus an additional 6 m for the crane to manoeuvre, this criteria
shall I

apply to all sides of the building to be demolished by wrecking ball;

The demolition ball shall be connected with swivel type anti-spin device to
prevent
a

twisting and tangling of the wire during operation;

at
a The wire and boom of the machine used for balling shall have a rated capacity,
the working radius, of at least 5 times the weight of the ball;
The strength of the wire shall be at least twice the tensile strength of the
a
nominal
the
steel reinforcement of the floor slab and beams. The high strength wire allows
pullout of the wrecking ball from potential traps;
To ensure that the crane is in good condition, the wire connecting to the ball,
a
the
boom components and connecting pins shall be inspected twice daily;
a A sufficient length of the wire shall be provided to allow the ball to drop to the
lowest working level plus an addition of 10% of the wire length and no less
than 3
wire
drums. For swing in-line method, there shall be sufficient length of the dragline
to allow the bail to fall in the event that the ball is entangled with the falling debris;

o The operation shall not be performed adjacent to overhead power lines;

guard
o The site shall be entirely fenced off to forbid public access. A 24-hour security
shall be assigned to the site to enforce the access restriction; depending on
the
to
relative location between the fence and the building, and fence shall be designed
withstand accidental impact by the wrecking ball; I
During the use of the demolition ball, except for the crane operator and the
o spot
person, all other workers shall be kept away from the demolition ball's working
radius. No body shall stay inside the building;
r To minimise the dust impact on the surrounding area, the structure to be
demolished shall be pre-soaked with water before demolition. water spraying
shall
continue on the structure during demolition;
. Since the safety and success of the project depend highly on the operator
and site
personnel, the operator must have proven experience and skill for operating the
wrecking ball to the satisfaction of the approval authority; and
. A spot person shall be on site during the operation to assist the operator and to
ensure site safety. The spot person shall have extensive knowledge and
experience
person shall
in the use of wrecking ball. The qualification and experience of the spot
be equivalent to those of the wrecking ball operator'

orluui Glwflurnonri ooGu@ Building Engineers Hand Book

198
 Implosion

Pre-blast Considerations

If it is intended to blast a building structure, the Registered Specialist Contractor

(Demolition) shall carry out a comprehensive Risk Assessment Report and an
Environmental Assessment Report on the effect of implosion on the affected
neighbourhood. With positive results on both the risk assessment and environmental
impact assessment and agreed by the relevant approval Authority, through the central
processing of the Buildings Department, the Registered Specialist Contractor
(Demolition) may begin studying the structure of the building and develop a blasting
design. The design may include pre-weakening of the structure, the strategy in
placement of the explosives and time delay so that the building wiil collapse in a safe
manner. Pre-weakening of the structure may include cutting out a portion of the shear
walls and other structural elements. A test blast may be conducted to verify the
strength of the structural member and to fine tune the explosive design.
Protection of the adjacent properties and habitats is also an important consideration.

General Concerns

General concerns and good practices in controlled demolition by blasting are discussed
in the following:

(a) Pre-weakening of the structure shall be designed to ensure the structural

stability before the implosion;
(b) To minimise the dispersion of building debris into adjoining land after blasting,
a trench or bund wall shall be installed outside the building to contain the debris,
unless a basement exists;
(c) A good design will cause the structure to fall towards the centre of the building
and/or within the protected area;
I (d) A good design will provide adequate and sufficient time delay to allow only one
or two floors of the building debris to fall on ground level at a time in order to
limit the magnitude of the impact on the ground;
(e) The design must also identify an exclusion zone to evacuate all residents or
inhabitants during the blasting. The impacts of noise and dust generated during
the blasting shall be considered. Radius of the typical exclusion zone shall not be
less than 2.5 times the building height;
(f) If there are slopes and earth retaining walls or features, a geotechnical
assessment shall be conducted to ensure that the blasting will not affect the
stability of these features;
(g) The entire site shall be under 24-hour security from the installation of explosive
until final blasting. Handling and storage of explosives shall be in conformance
with the Dangerous Goods Ordinance, any requirements of the Commissioner of
Mines and other relevant regulations. The implosion expert shall have proven
experience and track records in design and supervision of blasting similar
building structures to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Mines. The blasting

E oir-r-i [Link] oEGuO Building Engineers Hand Book

 (
expert shall have acquired the relevant training and practical experience in using
the proposed explosives. The blasting expert shall obtain from the Commissioner I
of Mines an authorization to carry out blasting. All personnel must be evacuated
from the site before and during blasting;
(h) The Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) must co-ordinate with the t
government and local community to determine the best procedures in
notification, schedules for the events, traffic routing, design for the sequence of I
events, evacuating residents, clear out personnel from the building and
assigning responsibilities during blasting. For the purpose of crowd control,
blasting should be carried out in the early morning of a Sunday or public holiday;
(i) An emergency plan shall be prepared to handle emergency situations such as
premature explosion, misfire or interruption due to bad weather including
thunder and lightning;
(i) After the explosion, the blasting expert must check to make sure that there is no
unfired explosive left on site. The entire area must remain clear and under
security control until the unfired explosives have been detonated or safely dealt
with by the blasting exPert;
(k) As far as practicable, non-electrical initiation systems should be used to avoid
the risk of pre-mature detonation by stray currents, external electro-magnetic
waves or radio frequencies. The installation shall include a redundant system to
ensure successful detonation. Nitroglycerine based explosives are not permitted
to be used.
(t) The Registered Specialist Contractor (Demolition) must provide evidence of his
capability to safely perform the demolition and shall illustrate to the approving
authorities that the procedures are safe; I

(m) The mode of collapse shall be demonstrated to asceftain that:

(1) no part of the building will fall beyond the protected area;
(2) the impact of the structural collapse will not cause significant
vibration affecting
. any underground tunnels;
. any underground utilities; and
I
. ary adjoining ProPerties.

(n) The structural safety of the building to be imploded shall be checked and
certified to be sound and safe at all stages prior to implosion.

200 oir-uir Or-rnfuncnir ooGut@ Building Engineers Hand Book

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WHAT IS A POUB-FLUSH,
TATBINE ?

UNDP GLOBAL' PROJECT GLO/78/006

ON
Low-Cost Water Supply and Sanitation
( [Link] Grou p- | ndia )

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Introduction
Use of pour-flush waterseal latrines with
a single leaching pit for disposal of human
excreta was initiated in 1943 by the All India
Institute of Hygiene and Public Health,
Calcutta. Earlier their use was only in the
rurat areas. During 1958, the offset double pit
system was introduced. Since 1967, the system
was adopted in the urban areas on a large
nearly 400,000 units of this tyPo
scale, and
have been constructed in India in difierent
geological, hydrogeological and physical con-
ditions and many of them are located in the
densely populated areas.
Derign
A pour-flush latrine consists of a squat-
ting pan ofa special design (having a steeP
gradient at the bottom and particular
depth) and a trap having 20 mm waterseal.
This is so designed that the human excreta
of one person can be flushed by pouring
nearly 2 litres of water. The excreta is dis-
charged into the leaching pits constructed in
the house compound or where it is not
possible to do so for lack ofspace, into the
pits constructed under foot-path or street-
The squatting pan is connected to the leach-
ing pit through a pipe or covered drain.
These pits are lined with honey comb brick
work or open jointed stones, so as to allow
the liquid in the pits to percolate and gases
to be absorbed into the soil; and at the same
time preventing the pit from collapsing.
The gludge gets digested and settles down
gradually.
The pits are used alternately. When
one pit is filled, it is stopped being ured and {
the excreta is diverted to the second pit.
The filled up pit is left unused; and in about i

24 mqnrhs:he contents become rich orgariie'

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[,r**, ocuous, frde of pathogen and efrective size, leach pio could be located even
!me[. conveni{nt, it is emptied and at 3 metres away from wells or hand pumps
be usd as fertiliser. It is used for domestic purposes. Where water-
to be put back into use when the and soil contains coarse sand
Stfhtfi if ,ikllgw
second becomes fuliin its turn. "oigrCvel, fbllution travel can be checked by
simple care and cleaning by the providing 500 mm thick envelope of 6ne
the pour-flqsh latrine is a very sand (average size not more than 0.2 mm)
all round the pits and sealing the bottom
They with clay or polythene sheet.
The distance between leaching pits and
Size of house foundation depends on the depth of
The of leacft pits depends on a leach pits, foundation depth of the building
number factors such ras: soil characieris- and its structural condition. However, for
tics, sub-pil water level, interval of cleaning, an average condition a distance of about I
number 0f users and,peoples food habit. metre is enough.
The in India have indicated that Mrintcnaocc
under condition Per capita per year
Maintenance of pour-flush latrines is very
sludge ls about 0.0,*5 rd. The
of the leaching pits for different easy and simple. Day-to-day maintenance
number userc for three years are given consists only of washing the latrine floor
below: and cleaning the pan. No other mainte-
Wo. of Internal nance cost is needed. The cost of cleaning
Qfcctioc
- usert Diamctr (mn) Dcpth (nn) the pits can be covered by sale of humus
5 900 1,100 obtained from the pits.
l0 1,100 1,400 Parl end trap
l5 1,200 1,600
The squatting pan and trap' can be
Shepc of,pit of ceramic, fibre glass reinforced polyester
\ m"pupe be circular, rec-
of pits chn
I a
combination of the two.
plastic (GRP) or cement.
tangular tror
Goct
However,,l,circular pits ihould be constructed
whereverifeasible as thete are more stable. The cost of coversion of a bucket/dry
pit configuration and materials latrine into pour-flush one comes to Rs. 660,
used for construction can readily be vari- 850 and 1,000 for 5, l0 and 15 users res-
bd to the site conditions. In case of pectively.
bpace an oval pit with a partition
wall or of smalleq diameter and higher Further questions on the subject may be
be provided addressed to:
Regional Manager, .South East Asia,
In where ground UNDP Inter-Regional Project I NT/81/0'17,
water-talle is more 2 metres below the Sth Floor, Archana Office Complex,
lottom dipit and soil is bf lessthah 1.0 mm Greater Kailash-I, New Delhi-l 10048
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