Plex Number
Uploaded by
Maruthi MaddipatlaPlex Number
Uploaded by
Maruthi MaddipatlaCOMPLEX NUMBER
INTRODUCTION
Indian mathematician Mahavira (850 A.D.) was first to mention in his work 'Ganitasara Sangraha'; 'As in
nature of things a negative (quantity) is not a square (quantity), it has, therefore, no square root'. Hence there
is no real number x which satisfies the polynomial equation x2 + 1 = 0.
A symbol 1 , denoted by letter i was intrdouced by Swiss Mathematician, Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) in
1748 to provide solutions of equation x2 + 1 = 0. i was regarded as a fictitious or imaginary number which
could be manipulated algebrically like an ordinary real number, except that its square was – 1. The letter i was
used to denote 1 , possibly because i is the first letter of the Latin word 'imaginarius'.
DEFINITION
Complex numbers are definited as expressions of the form a + ib where a, b R & i = 1 . It is denoted by z i.e.
z = a + ib. ‘a’ is called as real part of z (Re z) and ‘b’ is called as imaginary part of z (Im z).
EVERY COMPLEX NUMBER CAN BE REGARDED AS
Purely real Purely imaginary Imaginary
if b = 0 if a = 0 if b 0
(A) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the complete
number system is N W I Q R C.
(B) Zero is purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(C) i = 1 is called the imaginary unit.
Also i² = 1; i3 = i ; i4 = 1 etc.
(D) a b = a b only if atleast one of a or b is non - negative.
(E) If z = a + ib, then a – ib is called complex conjugate of z and written as z = a – ib
(F) Real numbers satisfy order relations where as imaginary numbers do not satisfy order relations i.e.
i > 0, 3 + i < 2 are meaningless.
Ex. Write the following as complex number
(i) 16 (ii) x , (x > 0) (iii) –b + 4ac , (a, c> 0)
Sol. (i) 0 + 4i (ii) x + 0i (iii) –b + i 4ac
115
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. The value of i57 + 1/i125 is :-
1
Sol. i57 + 1/i125 = i56. i + 124
i .i
14 1
= i
4
i
4 31
i i
1 i
=i i 2 ii 0
i i
ALGEBRAIC OPERATIONS
Fundamental operations with complex numbers
In performing operations with complex numbers we can proceed as in the algebra of real numbers, replacing
i2 by – 1 when it occurs.
1. Addition (a + bi) + (c + di) = a + bi + c + di = (a + c) + (b + d) i
2. Subtraction (a + bi) – (c + di) = a + bi – c – di = (a – c) + (b – d) i
3. Multiplication (a + bi) (c + di) = ac + adi + bci + bdi2 = (ac – bd) + (ad+ bc)i
a bi a bi c di ac adi bci bdi 2
4. Division = . =
c di c di c di c 2 d 2i2
ac bd (bc ad)i ac bd bc ad
= = 2 2 + i
2
c d 2
c d c2 d 2
Inequalities in imaginary numbers are not defined. There is no validity if we say that imaginary number is
positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4 i are meaningless.
In real numbers if a2 + b 2 = 0 then a = 0 = b however in complex numbers,
z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z1 = z2 = 0.
(i) The algebraic operations on complex numbers are similar to those on real numbers treating i as a
polynomial.
(ii) Inequalities in complex numbers (non-real) are not defined. There is no validity if we say that complex
number (non-real) is positive or negative.
e.g. z > 0, 4 + 2i < 2 + 4i are meaningless.
(iii) In real numbers, if a2 + b2 = 0, then a = 0 = b but in complex numbers, z12 + z22 = 0 does not imply z1 = z2 = 0.
116
COMPLEX NUMBER
Ex. Find multiplicative inverse of 3 + 2i.
Sol. Let z be the multiplicative inverse of 3 + 2i. then
z . (3 + 2i) = 1
1 3 2i
z= =
3 2i 3 2i 3 2i
3 2
z= – i
13 13
3 2
i
13 13
3 2i sin
Ex. will be purely imaginary, if =
1 2i sin
3 2i sin
Sol. will be purely imaginary, if the real part vanishes, i.e.,
1 2i sin
(3 2i sin ) (1 2i sin )
3 4 sin 2 i 8 sin
=
(1 2i sin ) (1 2i sin )
1 4 sin 2
3 4 sin 2
0 3 – 4 sin2 = 0 (only if be real)
1 4 sin 2
2 2
3
2
sin = = sin
2 3
= n ± ,nI
3
EQUALITY IN COMPLEX NUMBER
Two complex numbers z1 = a1 + ib1 & z2 = a2 + ib2 are equal if and only if their real and imaginary parts are equal
respectively
i.e. z 1 = z2 Re(z1) = Re(z2) and m (z1) = m (z2).
Ex. Find the value of x and y for which (2 + 3i) x2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i where x, y R.
Sol. (2 + 3i)x2 – (3 – 2i)y = 2x – 3y + 5i
2x2 – 3y = 2x – 3y
x2 – x = 0
x = 0, 1 and 3x2 + 2y = 5
5
if x = 0, y = and if x = 1, y = 1
2
5
x = 0, y = and x = 1, y = 1
2
5
are two solutions of the given equation which can also be represented as 0, & (1, 1)
2
5
0, , (1, 1)
2
117
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. If x 5 2 4 , find the value of x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 – x + 4.
Sol. We have , x = –5 + 2 4
x + 5 = 4i (x + 5)2 = 16i2
x2 + 10x + 25 = –16 x2 + 10x + 41 = 0
Now,
x4 + 9x3 + 35x2 – x + 4
x2(x2 + 10x + 41) – x(x2 + 10x + 41) + 4(x2 + 10x + 41) – 160
x2(0) – x(0) + 4(0) – 160
–160
Ex. Find square root of 9 + 40i
Sol. Let x + iy = 9 40i
(x + iy)2 = 9 + 40i
x 2 – y2 = 9 .....(i)
and xy = 20 ......(ii)
squaring (i) and adding with 4 times the square of (ii)
we get x4 + y4 – 2x2 y2 + 4x2 y2 = 81 + 1600
(x2 + y2)2 = 1681
x2 + y2 = 41 ......(iii)
from (i) + (iii) we get x2 = 25 x=±5
and y2 = 16 y=±4
from equation (ii) we can see that
x & y are of same sign
x + iy = (5 + 4i) or – (5 + 4i)
sq. roots of 9 + 40i = ± (5 + 4i) and ± (5 + 4i)
CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by changing the sign of its imaginary part & is denoted
by z . i.e. z = a ib.
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE
(A) z + z = 2 Re (z) (B) z z = 2 i Im (z) (C) ( z ) = z
(D) z1 z 2 = z1 + z 2 (E) z1 z 2 = z1 z2
(F) z1 z 2 = z1 . z2 . In general z1 z 2 .........z n z1 .z2 .........zn
z1 z1
(G) z = z ; z2 0 (H) If f( + i) = x + iy f( – i) = x – iy
2 2
118
COMPLEX NUMBER
Note that
(iii) z z = a² + b², which is purely real
(iv) If z is purely real, then z – z = 0
(v) If z is purely imaginary, then z + z = 0
Im
–z z
(vi) If z lies in the 1st quadrant, then z lies in the 4th quadrant and Re
–z z
z lies in the 2nd quadrant.
Modulus
If P denotes complex number z = x + iy, then the length OP is called modulus of complex number z. It is
denoted by |z|.
OP = |z| = x2 y2
Geometrically zrepresents the distance of point P from origin. ( z0)
IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MODULUS
(A) z 0
(B) z Re (z) (C) z Im (z)
2
(D) z = z = z– z (E) z z = z
(F) z1 z2 = z1.z2 . In general | z1 z 2 .........z n || z1 |.| z 2 |.........| z n |
z1 z1
(G) = , z2 0
z2 z2
(H) zn = z n, n I
(I) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 Re z1 z2
(J) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1||z2| cos( – ), where , are arg(z1), arg(z2) respectively.
2 2
= 2 z1 z2
2 2
(K) z1 z 2 + z1 z 2
(L) z1 z2 z1 + z2 z1+ z2 [Triangle Inequality]
(M) z1 z2 z1 – z2 z1+ z2 [Triangle Inequality]
119
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
z if z 0
Unlike real numbers, z = is not correct.
z if z 0
(C) Argument or Amplitude :
If P denotes complex number z = x + iy and if OP makes an angle with
real axis, then is called one of the arguments of z.
y
= tan1 (angle made by OP with positive real axis)
x
IMPO7RTANT PROPERTIES OF AMPLITUDE
(A) amp (z1. z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 k k I
z
(B) amp 1 = amp z1 amp z2 + 2 k k I
z2
(C) amp(zn) = n amp(z) + 2k; n,k I
where proper value of k must be chosen so that RHS lies in (, ].
(i) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function. If is the argument of a complex number, then 2n +
; n I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any two arguments of a complex number differ by 2n
(ii) The unique value of such that < is called Amplitude (principal value of the argument).
(iii) Principal argument of a complex number z = x + iy can be found out using method given below :
Im
y
(A) Find = tan 1 such that 0, .
x 2
Re
(B) Use given figure to find out the principal argument according
as the point lies in respective quadrant.
(iv) Unless otherwise stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
y
(v) The unique value of = tan1 such that 0 2 is called least positive argument.
x
(vi) If z = 0, arg(z) is not defined (vii) If z is real & negative, arg(z) = .
(viii) If z is real & positive, arg(z) = 0 (ix) If , z lies on the positive side of imaginary axis.
2
(x) If
, z lies on the negative side of imaginary axis.
2
By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. Argument impart direction &
modulus impart distance from origin.
For the complex number 0 + 0i the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is given by
its modulus only.
120
COMPLEX NUMBER
Ex. Find the modulus, argument, principal value of argument, least positive argument of complex numbers
(A) 1 + i 3 (B) –1 + i 3 (C) 1 – i 3 (D) –1 – i 3
Sol. (A) For z = 1 + i 3
y (1, 3 )
| z| 12 ( 3 )2 2
3
arg (z) = 2n + , n I 60°
3
1 x
Least positive argument is
3
If the point is lying in first or second quadrant then amp(z) is taken in anticlockwise direction.
In this case amp(z) =
3
(B) For z = –1 + i 3 y
(–1, 3 )
|z| = 2
2 3
arg (z) = 2n + , n I
3 60° 120°
2 1 x
Least positive argument =
3
2
amp(z) =
3
(C) For z = 1 – i 3
|z| = 2
arg (z) = 2n – ,nI
3
5
Least positive argument =
3
If the point lies in third or fourth quadrant then consider amp(z) in clockwise direction.
In this case amp(z) = –
3
(D) For z = –1 – i 3
|z| = 2
2 n I
arg (z) = 2n – ,
3
4
Least positive argument =
3
2
amp(z) = –
3
121
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
2
(3 4i)(1 i)(1 3i)
Ex. Find amp z and |z| if z .
(1 i)(4 3i)(2i)
Sol. amp z = 2 amp (3 4i) amp(1 i) amp(1 3i) amp(1 i) amp(4 3i) amp(2i) 2k where k I and
k chosen so that amp z lies in (–,].
4 3
amp z 2 tan 1 tan 1 2k
3 4 3 4 4 2
4 4
amp z = 2 tan 1 cot 1 + 2k amp z 2 2k
3 3 3 2 3
amp z [at k = –1]
3
Also,
2
3 4i 1 i 1 3i
| z|
1 i 4 3i 2i
2
3 4i 1 i 1 3i
| z|
|1 i| | 4 3i| | 2i|
2
5 2 2
|z| = 1
2 5 2
z 1
Ex. If is purely imaginary, then prove that | z | = 1
z 1
z 1
Sol. Re =0
z 1
z 1 z 1
+ =0
z 1 z 1
z 1 z 1
+ =0
z 1 z 1
zz – z +z–1+zz –z+ z –1 =0
zz =1
| z |2 = 1
|z|=1 Hence proved
122
COMPLEX NUMBER
z 1 2z 2
Ex. z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that is unimodular (whose modulus is one), while z2 is not
2 z1 z 2
unimodular. Find |z1|.
z1 2 z2 z1 2 z 2
Sol. Here =1 1
2 z1 z2 2 z1 z 2
2 2
z 1 2z 2 2 z 1 z 2 z 1 2z 2 2 z1 z 2
z1 2z 2 z1 2z 2 2 z1 z 2 2 z1 z 2
z1 2z 2 z1 2z 2 2 z1 z 2 2 z1 z 2
z1 z1 2z1 z 2 2z 2 z1 4z 2 z 2 4 2z1 z 2 2z1 z 2 z1 z1 z 2 z 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
z1 4 z2 4 z1 z2 z1 z1 z2 4 z2 4 0
z 1
2
4 1 z2
2
0
But |z2| 1 (given)
|z1|2 = 4
Hence, |z1| = 2.
DISTANCE, TRIANGULAR INEQUALITY
If z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 , then distance between points z1, z2 in argand plane is
|z 1 – z2| = ( x1 x 2 )2 ( y1 y 2 )2
In triangle OAC
OC OA + AC
OA AC + OC
AC OA + OC
using these in equalities we have ||z1| – |z 2|| |z 1 + z2| |z 1| + |z 2|
Similarly from triangle OAB
we have ||z1| – |z2|| |z1 – z2| |z1| + |z2|
(A) ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 + z2|, |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2| if origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and origin lies between z1 and z2 .
(B) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, ||z1| – |z2|| = |z1 – z2| if origin, z1 and z2 are collinear and z1 and z2 lies on the same
side of origin.
123
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
2
Ex. z = 1 then find the maximum and minimum value of |z|
z
2 2 2 2
Sol. z =1 |z| z |z|+
z z 2 z
Let | z | = r
2 2
r 1 r+
r r
2
r+ 1 r R+ ......(i)
r
2 2
and r 1 –1 r – 1
r r
r [1, 2] ......(ii)
from (i) and (ii) r [1, 2]
r [1, 2]
|z|max = 2, |z|min =1
4
Ex. If z = 2, then the greatest value of z is -
z
4 4 4 4 4
Sol. We have z z z =2+
z z z z z
2 2
z 2 z 4 z 1 5
z 1 5 z 5 1
Therefore, the greatest value of z is 5 +1.
REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
Cartesian Form (Geometric Representation)
Every complex number z = x + i y can be represented by a point on the cartesian
plane known as complex plane (Argand diagram) by the ordered pair (x, y).
length OP is called modulus of the complex number denoted by z & is called
the argument or amplitude .
eg. z = x 2 y2 &
y
= tan1 (angle made by OP with positive xaxis)
x
124
COMPLEX NUMBER
z if z 0
(i) z is always non negative . Unlike real numbers z = is not correct
z if z 0
(ii) Argument of a complex number is a many valued function . If is the argument of a complex number then
2 n+ ; n I will also be the argument of that complex number. Any two arguments of a complex number differ
by 2n.
(iii) The unique value of such that – < is called the principal value of the argument.
(iv) Unless stated, amp z implies principal value of the argument.
(v) By specifying the modulus & argument a complex number is defined completely. For the complex number 0 + 0 i
the argument is not defined and this is the only complex number which is given by its modulus.
(vi) There exists a one-one correspondence between the points of the plane and the members of the set of complex
numbers.
Trigonometric / Polar Representation
z = r (cos + i sin ) where z = r ; arg z = ; z = r (cos i sin )
Note : cos + i sin is also written as CiS
Euler's formula :
The formula eix = cosx + i sin x is called Euler's formula.
It was introduced by Euler in 1748, and is used as a method of expressing complex numbers.
e ix e ix e ix e ix
Also cos x = & sin x = are known as Euler's identities.
2 2i
Exponential Representation
Let z be a complex number such that z = r & arg z = , then z = r.ei
VECTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
y
(A) In complex number every point can be represented in terms of position vector. P(z)
If the point P represents the complex number z then, OP = z & OP = z
O x
(B) If P(z1) & Q(z2) be two complex numbers on argand plane then
y
Q(z2)
P(z 1)
PQ represents complex number z2 – z1.
O x
125
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
(i) If OP = z = r ei then OQ = z1 = r ei ( + ) = z. e i. If OP and OQ are
^ ^ z1 z
of unequal magnitude then OQ OP e i i.e. e i
z1 z
y C(z 3)
(ii) In general, if z1, z2, z3 be the three vertices of ABC then
z3 z 1 | z3 z 1 | z z1
i arg 3 .
z 2 z1 | z 2 z1 | e . Here
B(z 2)
z 2 z1 A(z1)
x
z z1
(iii) Note that the locus of z satisfying arg is:
z z2
Case (A) 0 < < /2
Locus is major arc of circle as shown
excluding z1 & z2
Case (B)
2
Locus is minor arc of circle as shown
excluding z1 & z2
(iv) If A, B, C & D are four points representing the complex numbers
z4 z3
z1 , z2 , z3 & z4 then AB CD if z z is purely real ;
2 1
z4 z3
AB CD if is purely imaginary..
z 2 z1
(v) If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle where z0 is its circumcentre then
(i) z 12 + z 22 + z 23 z1 z2 z2 z3 z3 z1 = 0 (ii) z 12 + z 22 + z 23 = 3 z 20
126
COMPLEX NUMBER
GEOMETRICAL REPRESENTATION OF FUNDAMENTAL OPERATIONS
(i) Geometrical representation of addition.
z2
If two points P and Q represent complex numbers z1 and z2 respectively in the Argand plane, then the sum
z 1 + z 2 is represented by the extremity R of the diagonal OR of parallelogram OPRQ having
OP and OQ as two adjacent sides.
(ii) Geometric representation of substraction.
(iii) Modulus and argument of multiplication of two complex numbers.
Theorem For any two complex numbers z1, z2 we have |z 1 z2| = |z1| |z 2| and arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2).
Proof z1 = r1 e i1 , z2 = r2 ei2
z1z2 = r2r2 e i( 1 2 )
|z1z2| = |z1| |z2|
arg (z1z2) = arg (z1) + arg (z2)
i.e. to multiply two complex numbers, we multiply their absolute values and add their arguments.
(i) P.V. arg (z1z2) P.V. arg (z1) + P.V. arg (z2)
(ii) |z1 z2 .... zn| = |z1| |z2| ..... |zn|
(iii) arg (z1z2 .... zn) = arg z1 + arg z2 + ..... + arg zn
127
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
(iv) Geometrical representation of multiplication of complex numbers.
Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1 e i1 , z2 = r2 e i2 repectively. To find point R representing complex number
z1z2 we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw triangle OQR similar to triangle OLP. Therefore
OR OP
= OR = OP.OQ i.e. OR = r1r2 and ˆ =
QOR
OQ OL 1
ˆ = LOP
LOR ˆ + POQ
ˆ ˆ = + – + = +
+ QOR 1 2 1 1 1 2
Hence, R is represented by z1z2 = r1r2 e i( 1 2 )
(v) Modulus and argument of division of two complex numbers.
z1 | z1 | z
Theorem : If z1 and z2 (0) are two complex numbers, then = and arg 1 = arg (z1) – arg (z2)
z2 | z2 | z2
z
Note : P.V. arg 1 P.V. arg (z1) – P.V. arg (z2)
z2
(vi) Geometrical representation of the division of complex numbers.
Let P, Q be represented by z1 = r1e i1 , z2 = r2 e i 2 respectively. To find point R representing complex number
z1
z 2 , we take a point L on real axis such that OL = 1 and draw a triangle OPR similar to OQL.
OP OR r1
Therefore = OR =
OQ OL r2
and ˆ = LOP
LOR ˆ – ROP
ˆ = –
1 2
z1 r1 i( 1 2 )
Hence, R is represented by = e .
z2 r2
CONJUGATE OF A COMPLEX NUMBER
Conjugate of a complex number z = a + ib is denoted and defined by z = a – ib.
In a complex number if we replace i by – i, we get conjugate of the complex number. z is the mirror image of
z about real axis on Argand's Plane.
128
COMPLEX NUMBER
Geometrical representation of conjugate of complex number.
|z| = | z |
arg (z) = – arg (z)
General value of arg (z) = 2n – P.V. arg (z)
Properties
zz zz
(i) If z = x + iy, then x = ,y=
2 2i
(ii) z= z z is purely real
(iii) z+ z =0 z is purely imaginary
(iv) Relation between modulus and conjugate. |z|2 = z z
(v) zz
(vi) (z1 z 2 ) = z1 ± z 2
(vii) (z1 z 2 ) = z1 z 2
z1 (z1 )
(viii) = (z2 0)
z 2 (z2 )
Theorem Imaginary roots of polynomial equations with real coefficients occur in conjugate pairs
Proof If z0 is a root of a0zn + a1zn–1 + ...... + an–1 z + an = 0,
a0, a1, ....... an R, then a 0 z 0n + a1z 0n 1 + ....... + an–1 z0 + an = 0
By using property (vi) and (vii) we have a 0 z0n + a 1 z0n 1 + ....... + a n 1 z0 + an = 0
z0 is also a root.
Note If w = f(z), then w = f( z )
Theorem |z1 ± z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± (z1 z 2 + z1 z2)
= |z1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 Re(z1 z 2 )
= |z 1|2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |z1| |z 2| cos (1 – 2)
Ex. Express the complex number z = – 1 + 2 i in polar form.
Sol. z = –1 + i 2
2
|z|= (1) 2 2 = 1 2 = 3
2
Arg z = – tan–1 = – tan–1 ( 2) = (say)
1
z= 3 (cos + i sin ) where = – tan–1 2
129
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. Express the following complex numbers in polar and exponential form :
1 3i i 1
(i) (ii)
1 2i
cos i sin
3 3
1 3i 1 3i 1 2i
Sol. (i) Let z 1 i
1 2i 1 2i 1 2i
| z| ( 1) 2 12 2
1
tan 1 tan
1 44 44
Re(z) < 0 and Im(z) > 0 z lies in second quadrant.
3
= arg (z) = – = –
4 4
3 3
Hence Polar form is z = 2 cos i sin and exponential form is z 2 e 3 / 4
4 4
i 1 i 1 2(i 1)
(ii) Let z =
1 i 3 (1 i 3 )
cos i sin
3 3 2 2
2(i 1) (1 i 3 ) 3 1 3 1
z z i
(1 i 3 ) (1 i 3 ) 2 2
Re(z) > 0 and Im(z) > 0 z lies in first quadrant.
2 2
3 1 3 1 2(3 1)
| z| 2.
2 2 4
3 1 5 5
tan tan
3 1 12 12
5 5
Hence Polar form is z 2 cos i sin and exponential form is z 2e 5 / 12
12 12
Ex. Find the locus of :
(A) |z – 1|2 + |z + 1|2 = 4 (B) Re(z2) = 0
Sol. (A) Let z = x + iy
(|x + iy – 1|)2 + (|x + iy + 1|)2 = 4
(x – 1)2 + y2 + (x + 1)2 + y2 = 4
x2 – 2x + 1 + y2 + x2 + 2x + 1 + y2 = 4 x2 + y2 = 1
Above represents a circle on complex plane with center at origin and radius unity.
130
COMPLEX NUMBER
(B) Let z = x + iy
z2 = x2 – y2 + 2xyi
Re(z2) = 0
x2 – y2 = 0 y = ± x
Thus Re(z2) = 0 represents a pair of straight lines passing through origin.
Ex. Find the minimum value of |1 + z| + |1 – z|.
Sol. |1 + z| + |1 – z| |1 + z + 1 – z| (triangle inequality)
|1 + z | + |1 – z| 2
Im
minimum value of (|1 + z| + |1 – z|) = 2 P
z
Geometrically |z + 1| + |1 – z| = |z + 1| + |z – 1| A B
–1 1 Re
which represents sum of distances of z from 1 and – 1
it can be seen easily that minimum (PA + PB) = AB = 2
Ex. Among the complex number z which satisfies |z – 25i| 15, find the complex numbers z having
(A) least positive argument (B) maximum positive argument
(C) least modulus (D) maximum modulus
Sol. The complex numbers z satisfying the condition
|z – 25i| 15
are represented by the points inside and on the circle of radius 15 and centre at the point C(0, 25).
The complex number having least positive argument and maximum positive arguments in this region are the points
of contact of tangents drawn from origin to the circle
g in m
o ri n t fro
Here = least positive argument
ge
and = maximum positive argument
n
Ta
D40i
2 2 2 2
In ΔOCP, OP = OC – CP = 25 – 15 = 20
C 25i
Q
OP 20 4 P
and sin
OC 25 5 E
44 44 O N
tan
tan
tan 1
tan
33 33
4
Thus, complex number at P has modulus 20 and argument tan 1
3
3 4
z p 20 cos i sin 20 i
5 5
z p 12 16i
Similarly zQ = –12 + 16i
From the figure, E is the point with least modulus and D is the point with maximum modulus.
Hence, z E = OE = OC – EC = 25i –15i = 10i
and z D = OD = OC + CD = 25i +15i = 40i
131
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. Complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are the vertices A, B, C respectively of an isosceles right angled triangle with right angle
at C. Show that (z1 – z2)2 = 2(z1 – z3)(z3 – z2).
Sol. In the isosceles triangle ABC, AC = BC and BCAC. It means that AC is rotated through angle /2 to occupy the
position BC.
z2 z3
Hence we have, e i / 2 i z2 – z3 = +i(z1 – z3)
z1 z 3
B(z2)
z 22 z 23 2z 2 z 3 z 12 z 23 2z 1 z 3
A(z1)
C(z 3)
z12 z 22 2z1 z 2 2z1 z 3 2z 2 z 3 2z1 z 2 2z 23
= 2 z1 z 3 z 3 z 2
z 1 z 2 2 2 z 1 z 3 z 3 z 2
ROTATION
Important results
(i) arg z = represnets points (non-zero) on ray eminating from origin making an
angle with positive direction of real axis
(ii) arg (z – z1) = represents points (z1) on ray eminating from z1 making z1
an angle with positive direction of real axis
real axis
2
Ex. Solve for z, which satisfy Arg (z – 3 – 2i) = and Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = .
6 3
Sol. From the figure, it is clear that there is no z, which satisfy both ray
(3, 4)
(3, 2)
real axis
O
132
COMPLEX NUMBER
z 1
z
Ex. If arg = then interpret the locus.
z 1 3 1m
/3
z 1
Sol. arg =
z 1 3 –2/3
–1 0 1 Re
1 z
arg =
1 z 3
1 z
Here arg represents the angle between lines joining –1 and z, and 1 and z. As this angle is constant,
1 z
the locus of z will be a larger segment of circle. (angle in a segment is constant).
LOGARITHM OF A COMPLEX QUANTITY
1
(i) Loge (+ i ) = Loge (² + ²) + i 2n tan 1 where n I.
2
2n
2
(ii) ii represents a set of positive real numbers given by e , n I.
DEMOIVRE’S THEOREM
Case
Statement
If n is any integer then
(i) (cos + i sin )n = cos n + i sin n
(ii) (cos 1 + i sin 1) (cos 2 + i sin 2) (cos3 + i sin 2) (cos 3 + i sin 3) .....(cos n + i sin n)
= cos (1 + 2 + 3 + ......... n) + i sin (1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n)
Case
Statement
If p, q Z and q 0 then
2k p 2k p
(cos + i sin )p/q = cos + i sin
q q
where k = 0, 1, 2, 3, ......, q – 1
Continued product of the roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equations.
133
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. If cos + cos + cos = 0 and also sin + sin + sin = 0, then prove that
(A) cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 0
(B) sin3 + sin3 + sin3 = 3sin()
(C) cos3 + cos3 + cos3 = 3cos()
Sol. Let z1 = cos + i sin, z2 = cos+ isin & z3 = cos + isin.
z1 + z2 + z3 = (cos + cos + cos) + i(sin + sin + sin)
=0+i.0=0 ...... (i)
1 1
(A) Also cos i sin cos i sin
z1
1 1
cos i sin , cos i sin
z2 z3
1 1 1
= (cos + cos + cos) – i(sin + sin + sin) ...... (ii)
z1 z 2 z 3
=0–i.0=0
2
Now z 12 z 22 z 23 z 1 z 2 z 3 2 z 1 z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z 1
1 1 1
= 0 – 2z1z2z3 = 0 – 2z1z2z3 . 0 = 0 {using (i) and (ii)}
z 3 z1 z 2
or cos i sin 2 (cos i sin )2 cos i sin 2 0
or cos2 + isin2 + cos2 + isin2 + cos2 + isin2 = 0 + i.0
Equating real and imaginary parts on both sides,
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 0 and sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 0
(B) If z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 then z 13 z 23 z 33 3z 1 z 2 z 3
(cos + isin)3 + (cos + isin)3 + (cos + isin)3
= 3(cos + isin) (cos + isin) (cos + isin)
or cos3 + isin3 + cos3 + isin3 + cos3 + isin3
= 3{cos() + isin()}
Equating imaginary parts on both sides, sin3 + sin3 + sin3 = 3sin()
(C) Equating real parts on both sides, cos3 + cos3 + cos3 = 3cos()
CUBE ROOT OF UNITY
1 i 3 1 i 3 2
(A) The cube roots of unity are 1 , () , ( ) .
2 2
(B) If is one of the imaginary cube roots of unity then 1 + + ² = 0. In general 1 + r + 2r = 0 ;
where r I but is not the multiple of 3 & 1 + r + 2r = 3 if r = 3 ; I
134
COMPLEX NUMBER
(C) In polar form the cube roots of unity are :
2 2 4 4
1 = cos 0 + i sin 0 ; = cos + i sin , 2 = cos + i sin
3 3 3 3
(D) The three cube roots of unity when plotted on the argand
plane constitute the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
(E) The following factorisation should be remembered :
(a, b, c R & is the cube root of unity)
a3 b3 = (a b) (a b) (a ²b) ; x2 + x + 1 = (x ) (x 2) ;
a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a + b) (a + 2b) ;
a3 + b3 + c3 3abc = (a + b + c) (a + b + ²c) (a + ²b + c)
Ex. Find the value of 192 + 194
Sol. 192 + 194
= 1 + 2 = –
Ex. If & are imaginary cube roots of unity then n +n is equal to -
Sol. cos 2 i sin 2 cos 2 i sin 2
3 3 3 3
n n
n n cos 2 i sin 2 + cos 2 i sin 2
3 3 3 3
cos 2n i sin 2n cos 2n i sin 2n 2n
=
3 3 3 3 = 2cos 3
nth ROOTS OF UNITY
If 1 , 1 , 2 , 3..... n 1 are the n , nth root of unity then :
(A) They are in G.P. with common ratio ei(2/n)
(B) Their arguments are in A.P. with common difference 2
n
(C) The points represented by n, nth roots of unity are located at the vertices of a
regular polygon of n sides inscribed in a unit circle having center at origin,
one vertex being on positive real axis.
p p
(D) 1 p + 1 + 2p +.... + n 1 = 0 if p is not an integral multiple of n
= n if p is an integral multiple of n
(E) (1 1) (1 2)...... (1 n 1) = n
(F) (1 + 1) (1 + 2)....... (1 + n 1) = 0 if n is even and
= 1 if n is odd.
(G) 1. 1. 2. 3......... n 1 = 1 or 1 according as n is odd or even.
135
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. Find the roots of the equation z6 + 64 = 0 where real part is positive.
Sol. z6 = – 64
z6 = 2 6 . e i(2n + 1) n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
i(2n 1)
6
z=2 e
5 7 3 11
i i i i i i
6 6
z=2 e 6 ,2e 2
,2e , 2e ,2e 2
,2e 6
i 11
i
roots with +ve real part are = 2 e 6 , 2 e 6
6
2 k 2 k
Ex. Find the value sin cos
k 1
7 7
6
6
2 k 6 2 k 2 k 6 2 k
Sol. sin 7
cos
7
= sin 7
cos
7
1
k 1 k 1 k 1 k 0
= (Sum of imaginary part of seven seventh roots of unity)
k 0
– (Sum of real part of seven seventh roots of unity) +1 = 0 – 0 + 1 = 1
k 0
THE SUM OF THE FOLLOWING SERIES SHOULD BE REMEMBERED
sin n / 2 n 1
(A) cos + cos 2 + cos 3 +..... + cos n = cos
sin / 2 2
sin n / 2 n 1
(B) sin + sin 2 + sin 3 +..... + sin n = sin
sin / 2 2
If = (2/n) then the sum of the above series vanishes.
GEOMETRICAL PROPERTIES
Section formula
If z1 and z2 are affixes of the two points P and Q respectively and point C divides the line segment joining P
and Q internally in the ratio m : n then affix z of C is given by
mz 2 nz1
z= where m, n > 0
mn
mz 2 nz1
If C devides PQ in the ratio m : n externally then z =
mn
136
COMPLEX NUMBER
If a, b, c are three real numbers such that az1 + bz2 + cz3 = 0 ; where a + b + c = 0 and a,b,c are not all
simultaneously zero, then the complex numbers z1, z2 & z3 are collinear.
(1) If the vertices A, B, C of a are represented by complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively and a, b, c are the
length of sides then,
z1 z 2 z 3
(i) Centroid of the ABC = :
3
(ii) Orthocentre of the ABC =
a sec A z1
b sec B z2 c secC z3
or
z1 tan A z2 tan B z3 tan C
a secA b sec B c secC tanA tan B tanC
(iii) Incentre of the ABC = (az1 + bz2 + cz3) (a + b + c).
(iv) Circumcentre of the ABC = :
(Z1 sin 2A + Z2 sin 2B + Z3 sin 2C) (sin 2A + sin 2B + sin 2C).
(2) amp(z) = is a ray emanating from the origin inclined at an angle to the positive x axis.
(3) z a = z b is the perpendicular bisector of the line joining a to b.
(4) The equation of a line joining z1 & z2 is given by, z = z1 + t (z1 z2) where t is a real parameter.
(5) z = z1 (1 + it) where t is a real parameter is a line through the point z1 & perpendicular to the line joining z1 to
the origin.
(6) The equation of a line passing through z1 & z2 can be expressed in the determinant form as
z z 1
z1 z1 1 = 0. This is also the condition for three complex numbers z, z1, z2 to be collinear.. The above
z2 z2 1
equation on manipulating, takes the form z z r = 0 where r is real and is a non zero complex
constant.
If we replace z by zei and z by ze–i then we get equation of a straight line which makes an angle with the
given straight line.
(7) The equation of circle having centre z0 & radius is :
z z0 = or z z z0 z z 0 z + z 0 z0 ² = 0 which is of the form
z z z z + k = 0, k is real. Centre is & radius = | |2 k .
Circle will be real if ||2 – k 0.
z z2
(8) The equation of the circle described on the line segment joining z1 & z2 as diameter isarg = ± or
z z1 2
(z z1) ( z z 2) + (z z2) ( z z 1) = 0.
137
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
z 3 z1 z 4 z 2
(9) Condition for four given points z1, z2, z3 & z4 to be concyclic is the number . should be real.
z 3 z 2 z 4 z1
z z 2 z3 z1
Hence the equation of a circle through 3 non collinear points z1, z2 & z3 can be taken as is real
z z1 z3 z 2
z z 2 z3 z1 z z2 z3 z1
= .
z z1 z3 z 2 z z1 z3 z2
z z1
(10) Arg z z = represent (i) a line segment if =
2
(ii) Pair of ray if = 0 (iii) a part of circle, if 0 < <
z1 z1 1
1
(11) Area of triangle formed by the points z1, z2 & z3 is z2 z2 1
4i
z3 z3 1
| z 0 z0 r |
(12) Perpendicular distance of a point z0 from the line z z r 0 is
2||
(13) (i) Complex slope of a line z z r 0 is = – .
z1 z 2
(ii) Complex slope of a line joining by the points z1 & z2 is =
z1 z2
(iii) Complex slope of a line making angle with real axis = e2i
(14) Dot and cross product
Let z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2 be two complex numbers [vectors]. The dot product [also called the scalar
product] of z1 and z2 is defined by
1
z1 • z2 = |z1| |z 2| cos = x1 x2 + y1y2 = Re {z1 z 2 } = {z z z 1 z 2 }
2 1 2
where is the angle between z1 and z2 which lies between 0 and
z1 z2
If vectors z1, z2 are perpendicular then z1 • z2 = 0 + = 0.
z1 z2
i.e. Sum of complex slopes = 0
The cross product of z1 and z2 is defined by
1
z1 × z2 = |z1| |z2| sin = x1y2 – y1x2 = m {z1 z 2 } = {z1 z 2 z1 z 2 }
2i
z1 z2
If vectors z1, z2 are parallel then z1 × z2 = 0 = .
z1 z2
i.e. Complex slopes are equal.
138
COMPLEX NUMBER
1 & 2 are the compelx slopes of two lines.
(i) If lines are parallel then 1 = 2
(ii) If lines are perpendicular then 1 + 2 = 0
(15) If |z – z1| + |z – z2| = K > |z 1 – z2| then locus of z is an ellipse whose focii are z1 & z2
z z r
(16) If |z – z0| = then locus of z is parabola whose focus is z0 and directrix is the line
2||
z + z + r = 0 (Provided z 0 z0 r 0 )
z z1
(17) If = k 1, 0, then locus of z is circle.
z z2
(18) If z – z1 – z – z2 = K < z1 – z2 then locus of z is a hyperbola, whose focii are z1 & z2.
Reflection points for a straight line
Two given points P & Q are the reflection points for a given straight line if the given line is the right bisector of the
segment PQ. Note that the two points denoted by the complex numbers z1 & z2 will be the reflection points for the
straight line z z r 0 if and only if ; z1 z2 r 0 , where r is real and is non zero complex constant.
Inverse points w.r.t. a circle
Two points P & Q are said to be inverse w.r.t. a circle with centre 'O' and radius , if :
(i) The point O, P, Q are collinear and on the same side of O.
(ii) OP OQ = 2.
Note that the two points z1 & z2 will be the inverse points w.r.t. the circle
z z z z r 0 if and only if z1 z2 z1 z2 r 0 .
PTOLEMY’S THEOREM
It states that the product of the lengths of the diagonals of a convex quadrilateral inscribed in a circle is
equal to the sum of the lengths of the two pairs of its opposite sides.
i.e. z1 z3 z2 z4 = z1 z2 z3 z4 + z1 z4 z2 z3.
139
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
TIPS & FORMULAS
1. Definition
Complex numbers are defined as expressions of the form a+ ib where a, b R & i = –1 . It is denoted by z i.e.
z = a + ib. ‘a’ is called real part of z (Re z ) and ‘b’ is called imaginary part of z (lm z).
Every Complex Number Can be Regarded As
Purely real Purely imaginary imaginary
if b = 0 if a = 0 if b 0
Note
(i) The set R of real numbers is a proper subset of the Complex Numbers. Hence the Complex Number system is
N W I Q R C.
(ii) Zero is both purely real as well as purely imaginary but not imaginary.
(iii) i = –1 is called the imaginary unit. Also i 2 = – 1 ; i3 = – i ; i4 = 1
(iv) a b = ab only if atleast one of either a or b is non-negative.
2. Conjugate Complex
If z = a + ib then its conjugate complex is obtained by chamging the sign of its imaginary part & is denoted by z .
i.e. z = a – ib.
Note that :
(i) z + z = 2 Re (z) (ii) z – z = 2i Im (z) (iii) z z = a2+b2 which is real
(iv) If z is purely real then z – z = 0 (v) if z is purely imaginary then z + z = 0
3. Representations of a Complex Number in Various Forms
(A) Cartesian Form (Geometrical Representation) imaginary P(x,y)
Every complex nimber z = x + iy can be represented by a point on the axis
cartesian plane know as complex plane (Argand
diagram) by the ordered pair (x, y).
r
Length OP is called modulus of the complex number denoted by |z| &
q is called the argument or amplitude.
–1 y
e.g. | z |= x 2 + y 2 & θ = tan (angle made by OP with positive
x
x - axis).
O Real axis
Geometrically |z| represents the distance of point P from origin. (|z| 0)
(B) Trignometric / Polar Representation
z = r (cos + i sin ) where |z| = r ; arg z = ; z = r(cosθ – i sinθ)
Note : cos + i sin is also written as CiS
Euler’s formula
The formula eix = cos x + i sin x is called Euler’s formula.
eix + e –ix eix + e –ix
Also cosx = & sinx = are known as Euler’s identities.
2 2i
140
COMPLEX NUMBER
(C) Exponential Representation
Let z be a complex number such that |z| = r & arg z = , then z = r.ei
4. IMPORTENT PROPERTIES OF CONJUGATE
(A) (z) = z (B) z1 + z 2 = z1 + z 2 (C) z1 - z 2 = z1 - z 2 (D) z1 z 2 = z1 . z 2
z z1
(E) 1 = ;z 0 (F) If f(αα++iβ)
iβ)==xx++iy
iy
f(α
f(α ––iβ)
iβ) == xx –– iy
iy
z2 z2
5. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF MODULUS
(A) |z| 0 (B) |z| Re (z) (C) |z| lm (z) (D) z = | z | = | –z | = | – z |
z1 z1
(E) z z = | z 2 | (F) |z1 z2 | = |z1|.|z2| (G) z = z , z 2 0 (H) |zn| = |z|n
2 2
(I) |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2Re (z1 z 2 ) or |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2 |z1| |z2| cos (1 – 2)
(J) |z1 + z2|2 + |z1 – z2|2 = 2 [|z1|2 + |z\2|2]
(K) | |z1| – |z2| | | z1 + z2 | |z1| + |z2| [Triangle Inequality]
(L) | |z1| – |z2| | | z1 – z2 | |z1| + |z2| [Triangle Inequality]
1 a + a2 + 4 1
(M) If z +
z
= 0(a > 0) , then max | z |=
2
and min | z |=
2
a2 + 4 - a
6. IMPORTANT PROPERTIES OF AMPLITUDE
(A) amp (z1. z2) = amp z1 + amp z2 + 2 k ; k I
z
(B) 1 = amp z1 – amp z 2 + 2kπ; k I
z2
(C) amp(zn) = n amp (z) + 2k, where proper value of k must be chosen so that RHS lies in (-, ].
(D) log(z) = log(rei) = log r + i = log |z| + i amp (z)
7. DE’MOIVER’S THEOREM
The value of (cos + isin)n is cosn + isin if ‘n’ is integer & it is one of the values of (cos + isin)n if n is a rational
number of the form p/q, where p & q are co-prime.
Note : Continued product of roots of a complex quantity should be determined using theory of equation.
8. CUBE ROOT OF UNITY
–1+ i 3 –1 – i 3
(A) The cube roots ofb unity are 1, ω = = ei2π/3 & ω2 = = ei4π/3
2 2
(B) 1 + + 2 = 0 , 2 = 1, in general
0 r is not integral multiple of 3
1+ ω r + ω 2r
3 r is multiple of 3
(C) a2 + b2 + c2 – ab – bc – ca = (a + b + c2) (a + b2 + c)
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a + b2)(a2 + b)
a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a – b)(a – b)
x2 + x + 1 = (x – ) (x – 2)
141
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
9. SQUARE ROOT OF COMPLEX NUMBER
| z | +a | z | –a | z | +a | z | –a
a + ib = ± +i for b > 0 & ± –i for b > 0 where | z |= a 2 + b 2 .
2 2 2 2
C(z ) 2
10. ROTATION
z 2 – z0 z –z
= 1 0 eiθ
| z 2 – z 0 | | z1 – z 0 |
Take in anticlockwisev direction.
A(z0 ) B(z1 )
11. RESULT RELATED WITH TRIANGLE A(z1)
(A) Equilateral Triangle
z1 – z 2 z3 – z 2 iπ/3 l l
= e .........(i)
z3 – z 2 z1 – z3 iπ/3 /r /r
Also = .e ......... (ii)
B(z2) C(z3)
l
from (i) & (ii)
z12 + z 22 + z32 = z1z 2 + z 2 z 3 + z 3 z1
1 1 1
or + + =0
z1 – z 2 z 2 – z 3 z 3 – z1
(B) Isosceles triangle
4cos2 a (z1 – z2)(z3 – z1) = (z3 – z2)2
z1 z1 1
1
(C) Area of triangle ABC given by modulus of z2 z2 1
4
z3 z3 1
12. EQUATION OF LINE THROUGH POINTS Z1 & Z2
z z 1
zz11 zz11 11 == 00 z(z
z(z11 –– zz22))++ z(z
z(z22 –– zz11)) ++ zz11zz22 –– zz11zz22 == 00
z2 z2 1
z(z1 – z2 )i + z(z 2 – z1 )i + i(z1 z2 – z1z 2 ) = 0
Let (z2 – z1) i = a, then equation of line is [az + az + b = 0] where a C & b R.
Note :
a
(i) Complex slope of line az + az + b = 0 is –
a
(ii) Two lines with slope µ1 & µ2 are parallel or perpendicular if µ1 = µ2 or µ1 + µ2 = 0
| aα + aα + b |
(iii) Length of perpendicular from point A() to line az + az + b = 0 is .
2|a |
142
COMPLEX NUMBER
13. EQUATION OF CIRCLE
(A) Circle whose centre is z0 & radii = r
|z – z0 | r
(B) General equation of circle
zz + az + az + b = 0
centre ‘–a’ & radii = | a |2 –b
(C) Diameter form (z – z1 )(z – z2 ) + (z – z 2 )(z – z1 ) = 0
z – z1 π
or arg =±
z – z2 2
z – z1
(D) Equation = k represent a circle if k 1 and a straight line if k = 1.
z – z2
(E) Equation |z – z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = k
1
represent circle if k | z1 – z 2 |2
2
z – z1 π
(F) arg = α 0 < α < π,α
z – z 2 2
represent a segment of circle passing through A(z1) & B(z2)
14. STANDARD LOCI
(A) |z – z1| + |z – z2| = 2k (a constant) represent
(i) if 2k > |z1 – z2| An ellipse
(ii) if 2k = |z1 – z2| An line segment
(iii) if 2k < |z1 – z2| No solution
(B) Equation | |z – z1| – |z – z2 | | = 2 k (a constant) representy
(i) if 2k > |z1 – z2| A hyperbola
(ii) if 2k = |z1 – z2| A line ray
(iii) if 2k < |z1 – z2| No solution
143
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
SOLVED EXAMPLES
(1 i)x 2i (2 3i)y i
Ex. 1 The values of x and y satisfying the equation i are
3i 3i
(1 i)x 2i (2 3i)y i
Sol. i (4 + 2i) x + (9 – 7i) y – 3i – 3 = 10i
3i 3i
Equating real and imaginary parts, we get 2x – 7y = 13 and 4x + 9y = 3.
Hence x = 3 and y = –1.
Ex. 2 Find the square root of 7 + 24 i.
Sol. Let 7 24i = a + ib
Squaring a2 – b2 + 2iab = 7 + 24i
Compare real & imaginary parts a2 – b2 = 7 & 2ab = 24
By solving these two equations
We get a = ±4 , b = ±3
7 24i = ±(4 + 3i)
Ex. 3 Find the value of expression x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1 when x = 1 + i is a factor of expression.
Sol. x=1+i
x–1=i
(x – 1)2 = –1
x2 – 2x + 2 = 0
Now x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1
= (x2 – 2x + 2) (x2 – 3x – 3) – 4x + 7
when x = 1 + i i.e. x2 – 2x + 2 = 0
x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1 = 0 – 4 (1 + i) + 7 = –4 + 7 – 4i = 3 – 4i
Ex. 4 Find modulus and argument for z = 1 – sin + i cos , (0,2)
Sol. |z| (1 sin )2 (cos )2 2 2 sin 2 cos sin
2 2
Case I For 0, , z will lie in I quadrant.
2
cos2 sin2 cos sin
1 cos 1 2 2 tan 1 2 2
amp (z) = tan amp (z) = tan 2
1 sin
cos sin
cos 2 sin 2 2 2
1
arg z tan tan
4 2
Since ,
4 2 4 2
amp (z) = , | z | 2 cos sin
4 2 2 2
144
COMPLEX NUMBER
Case II at : z 0 0i
2
|z| = 0
amp (z) is not defined.
3
Case III For , , z will lie in IV quadrant
2 2
So amp (z) = –tan–1 tan
2 4
Since ,
2 4 2
3
amp (z) = , |z| = 2 sin cos
2 4 4 2 2 2
3
Case IV at : z = 2 + 0i
2
|z| = 2
amp (z) = 0
3
Case V For ,2 , z will lie in I quadrant
2
arg (z) = tan–1tan
2 4
5
Since ,
2 4 4
3
arg z = = , |z| = 2 sin cos
2 4 2 4 2 2
Ex. 5 If xn = cos n i sin n then x1 x2 x3 ..... is equal to -
2 2
i n
Sol. xn = cos n i sin n = 1 × e 2
2 2
x1 x2 x3 .....
i 1 i 2 i n
i 2 n
2 2 2
= e .e e = e
2 2 2
= cos 2 3 ........ + i sin 2 3 ........ = –1
2 2 2 2 2 2
/2
as 2 3 ........
2 2 2 1 1/ 2
145
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
zi
Ex. 6 If 1 , then locus of z is -
zi
zi x i y 1
Sol. We have, 11
11
z z i i x xi iy y11
2
x i y 1 2 2
2
xx2 yy11 xx2 yy11
11
4y 0;y 0 , which is x-axis
x i y 1
Ex. 7 Solve for z if z2 + |z| = 0
Sol. Let z= x + iy
(x + iy)2 + x 2 y2 = 0
x 2 – y2 + x 2 y2 = 0 and 2xy = 0
x = 0 or y = 0
when x = 0 – y2 + | y | = 0
y = 0, 1, –1 z = 0, i, –i
2
when y=0 x +|x|=0
x=0
z=0
z = 0, z = i, z = – i
z
Ex. 8 If |z1 + z2|2 = |z1|2+|z2|2 then 1 is -
z2
Sol. Here let z1 = r1 cos 1 i sin 1 ,|z1 | r1
z2 = r2 cos 2 i sin 2 ,|z2 | r2
2
|(z1 + z2)|2 = r1 cos 1 r2 cos 2 i r1 sin 1 r2 sin 2
= r12 r22 2r1r2 cos(1 2 ) = |z1 |2 |z2 |2 if cos(1 2 ) 0
1 2
2
amp(z1) – amp(z2) =
2
z z
amp 1 1 is purely imaginary
z2 2 z2
146
COMPLEX NUMBER
Ex. 9 The locus of the complex number z in argand plane satisfying the inequality
|z 1|4 2
log1 / 2 1 where |z 1| is -
3|z 1|2 3
z 1 4 1
Sol. We have, log1 / 2 1 log1 / 2
3 z 1 2 2
z 1 4 1
log a x is a decreasing function if a 1
3 z 1 2 2
2 z 1 8 3 z 1 2 as |z – 1| > 2/3
z 1 10
which is exterior of a circle.
Ex. 10 Sketch the region given by
(i) Arg (z – 1 – i) /3 (ii) |z| 5 & Arg (z – i – 1) >/6
Sol.
(i) (ii)
Ex. 11 Shaded region is given by -
(A) |z + 2| 6, 0 arg(z) C(1+3 3i )
6
(B) |z + 2| 6, 0 arg(z)
3
A
(C) |z + 2| 6, 0 arg(z)
2 –2 0 B(4)
(D) None of these
1 3
Sol. Note that AB = 6 and 1 + 3 3i = –2 + 3 + 3 3i = –2 + 6 i = –2 + 6 cos i sin
2 2 3 3
BAC =
3
Thus, shaded region is given by |z + 2| 6 and 0 arg (z + 2)
3
147
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. 12 Two different non parallel lines cut the circle |z| = r in point a, b, c, d respectively. Prove that these lines meet
a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1
in the point z given by z =
a 1b 1 c 1d 1
Sol. Since point P, A, B are collinear
D(d) D(d)
A(a)
P(z) B(b)
C(c) O C(c)
P(z) A(a) B(b)
z z 1
a a 1
=0 z a b – z (a – b) + ab ab = 0 .....(i)
b b 1
Similarly, points P, C, D are collinear, so
z c d – z (c – d) + cd cd = 0 .....(ii)
On applying (i) × (c – d) – (ii) (a – b), we get
z a b (c – d) – z c d (a – b) = cd cd (a – b) – ab ab (c – d) .....(iii)
2
k k k
zz = r = k (say) a = , = , c = etc.
a b b c
From equation (iii) we get
k k k k ck kd ak bk
z (c – d) – z (a – b) = (a – b) – (c – d)
a b c d d c b a
a 1 b 1 c 1 d 1
z=
a 1b 1 c 1d 1
Ex. 13 If the vertices of a square ABCD are z1, z2, z3 & z4 then find z3 & z4 in terms of z1 & z2.
Sol. Using vector rotation at angle A
z 3 z1 z 3 z1 i 4
e
z 2 z1 z 2 z1
z3 z1 AC and z2 z1 AB
Also AC = 2 AB
z 3 z1 2 z 2 z1
z 3 z1
z 2 z1 = 2 cos 4 i sin 4
z3 – z1 = (z2 – z1) (1 + i)
z3 = z1 + (z2 – z1) (1 + i)
Similarly z4 = z2 + (1 + i)(z1 – z2)
148
COMPLEX NUMBER
Ex. 14 If A(2 + 3i) and B(3 + 4i) are two vertices of a square ABCD (take in anticlock wise order) then find C and D.
Sol. Let affix of C and D are z3 and z4 respectively.
Considering DAB = 90º and AD = AB
z 4 (2 3 i) AD i2
we get = e
(3 4i) – (2 3i) AB
z4 – (2 + 3i) = (1 + i) i z4 = 2 + 3i+ i – 1 = 1 + 4i
z3 (3 4 i) CB – i2
and = e
(2 3i) – (3 4i) AB
z3 = 3 + 4i – (1 + i) (–i) z3 = 3 + 4i + i – 1 = 2 + 5i
z 1 2
Ex. 15 Plot the region represented by arg
3 z 1 3
in the Argand plane.
z 1 2
Sol. Let us take arg = , clearly z lies on the minor arc of the circle
z 1 3
z 1
passing through (1, 0) and (–1, 0). Similarly, arg = means that 'z' is
z 1 3
lying on the major arc of the circle passing through (1, 0) and (–1, 0). Now if we
take any point in the region included between two arcs say P1(z1) we get
z 1 2
arg
3 z 1 3
z 1 2
Thus arg represents the shaded region (excluding points
3 z 1 3
(1, 0) and (–1, 0)) .
Ex. 16 If z1, z2 & z3 are the affixes of three points A, B & C respectively and satisfy the condition |z 1 – z2| = |z 1| + |z 2|
and |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z 1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3| then prove that ABC in a right angled.
Sol. |z1 – z2| = |z1| + |z2|
z1, z2 and origin will be collinear and z1, z2 will be opposite side of origin
Similarly |(2 - i) z1 + iz3 | = |z1| + |(1 – i) z1 + iz3|
z1 and (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z4 say, are collinear with origin and lies on same side of origin.
Let z4 = z1 , real
then (1 – i) z1 + iz3 = z1
(z 3 z1 )
i (z3 – z1) = ( – 1) z1 z1 = ( – 1) i
z 3 z1
i/2
0 z 1 = me , m = – 1 z3 – z1 is perpendicular to the vector 0 – z1 .
i.e. also z2 is on line joining origin and z1
so we can say the triangle formed by z1 , z2 and z3 is right angled.
149
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. 17 If are roots of x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0 (and is imaginary cube root of unity), then find the value of
1 1 1
.
1 1 1
Sol. We have x3 – 3x2 + 3x + 7 = 0
(x – 1)3 + 8 = 0
(x – 1)3 = (–2)3
3
x 1 x 1 1/3
1 1 = 1, , 2 (cube roots of unity)
2 2
x = –1, 1 – 2 1 – 22
Here = –1, = 1 – 2, = 1 – 22
– 1 = –2, – 1 = –2, – 1 = –22
2
1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2
Then = =
1 1 1 2 2 2 2
1 1 1
Therefore = 32.
1 1 1
z 2
Ex. 18 If z is a point on the Argand plane such that |z – 1| = 1, then is equal to -
z
Sol. Since |z – 1| = 1,
let z 1 cos i sin
Then, z 2 cos i sin 1
2 sin2 2i sin cos 2i sin cos i sin ..... (i)
2 2 2 2 2 2
and z 1 cos i sin
2 cos2 2i sin cos 2 cos cos i sin ..... (ii)
2 2 2 2 2 2
z2
From (i) and (ii), we get i tan i tan arg z arg z from ii
z 2 2
Ex. 19 Let a be a complex number such that |a| < 1 and z1, z2, ....... , zn be the vertices of a polygon such that
1 1
zk = 1+ a + a2 + .... ak, then show that vertices of the polygon lie within the circle z .
1a 1 a
2 k 1 a k 1
Sol. We have, z k 1 a a ..... a
1a
k 1
1 a k 1 1 a 1
z k zk
1a
1a
1 a
a 1
1a 1a
1 1
Vertices of the polygon z1 ,z2 ,.....,z n lie within the circle z 1 a 1 a
150
COMPLEX NUMBER
Ex. 20 If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex number such that |z 1| = |z 2| = 1 and Re (z 1 z 2 ) = 0, then show that the
pair of complex numbers w1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id satisfies the following
(i) |w1| = 1 (ii) |w2| = 1 (iii) Re (w 1 w 2 ) = 0
Sol. a = cos , b = sin
c = cos , d = sin
n
Re (z 1 z 2 ) = 0 –= n=±1 c = sin , d = – cos
2
w1 = cos + i sin
w2 = sin – i cos
|w1| = 1, |w2| = 1
w1 w 2 = cos sin – sincos + i(sin2 – cos2) = – i cos 2
Re (w 1 w 2 ) = 0
3
Ex. 21 If [/6, /3], i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and z4 cos1 + z3 cos2 + z2 cos3 + z cos4 + cos5 = 2 3 , then show that |z| >
4
4 3 2
Sol. Given that cos 1 .z cos 2 .z cos 3 .z cos 4 .z cos 5 2 3
or cos 1 .z 4 cos 2 .z 3 cos 3 .z 2 cos 4 .z cos 5 2 3
2 3 cos 1 .z 4 cos 2 .z 3 cos 3 .z 2 cos 4 .z cos 5
i / 6, / 3
1 3
cos i
2 2
3 4 3 3 3 2 3 3
2 3 z z z z
2 2 2 2 2
4 3 2 2 3 4 5
3 z z z z 3 z z z z z ..........
|z|
3 3 – 3|z| < |z|
1|z|
3
4|z| > 3 |z|
4
Ex. 22 If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers and C > 0, then prove that |z1 + z2|2 (1 + C) |z1|2 + (1 + C–1)|z2|2
Sol. We have to prove that : |z1 + z2|2 (1 + C) |z1|2 + (1 + C–1)|z2|2
i.e. |z1|2 + |z2|2 + z1 z2 z1 z 2 1 C |z1|2 + (1 +C–1)|z2|2
2 2
or z1 z2 z1 z2 C z1 C 1 z2
2 1 2
or C z1 z 2 z1 z2 z1z 2 0 (using Re z1 z2 z1 z2 )
C
2
1
or C z1 z2 0 which is always true.
C
151
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Ex. 23 Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 z2 and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part and z2 has negative
z1 z 2
imaginary part, then show that is purely imaginary..
z1 z 2
Sol. z1 = r (cos + i sin ), – <<
2 2
z2 = r (cos + i sin ), –<<0
z1 z 2 3
z1 z 2 = – i cot , – < <
2 4 2 4
Hence purely imaginary
P z1
Ex. 24 Two given points P & Q are the reflection points w.r.t. a given straight line
if the given line is the right bisector of the segment PQ. Prove that the two
points denoted by the complex numbers z1 & z2 will be the reflection points for
the straight line z z r 0 if and only if ; z1 z2 r 0 , where
Q z2
r is real and is non zero complex constant.
Sol. Let P(z1) is the reflection point of Q(z2) then the perpendicular bisector of z1 & z2 must be the line
z z r 0 ......(i)
Now perpendicular bisector of z1 & z2 is, z z1 z z 2
or (z – z1) z z1 z z2 z z2
zz1 z1 z z1 z1 zz 2 z 2 z z 2 z2 ( zz cancels on either side)
or z2 z1 z z2 z1 z z1 z1 z2 z2 0 ......(ii)
r
Comparing (i) & (ii)
z2 z1 z2 z1 z1 z1 z 2 z2
z2 z1 ......(iii)
z2 z1 ......(iv)
r z1 z1 z2 z2 ......(v)
Multiplying (iii) by z1; (iv) by z2 and adding
z1 z2 r 0
Note that we could also multiply (iii) by z2 & (iv) by z1 & add to get the same result.
2 1 1
Ex. 25 If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that , show that the points represented by z1, z2, z3 lie on a circle
z1 z2 z 3
passing through the origin.
152
COMPLEX NUMBER
2 1 1
Sol. We have,
z1 z 2 z 3
1 1 1 1 z 2 z1 z1 z 3
z1 z 2 z 3 z1 z1 z2 z1 z 3
z2 z1 z2 z z1 z
arg 2 arg 2
z 3 z1 z3 z 3 z1 z3
z z1 z
arg 2 arg 2
z 3 z1 z3
z3
or arg =
z2
Thus the sum of a pair of opposite angle of a quadrilateral is 180°. Hence, the points 0, z1, z2 and z3 are the vertices
of a cyclic quadrilateral i.e. lie on a circle.
153
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Exercise # 1 [Single Correct Choice Type Questions]
6 6
1. The argument of the complex number sin + i 1 cos is
5 5
6 5 9 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 5
5 6 10
11 11
2. The principal value of the arg(z) and z of the complex number z = 1 + cos + i sin are
9 9
respectively
11 7 7 2 7
(A) , 2 cos (B) , 2 cos (C) , 2 cos (D) , 2 cos
18 18 18 18 9 18 9 18
3. The inequality |z – 4| < | z – 2| represents :
(A) Re(z) > 0 (B) Re(z) < 0 (C) Re (z) > 2 (D) Re(z) > 3
4. The sequence S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ...... upto 100 terms simplifies to where i = 1 -
(A) 50(1 – i) (B) 25i (C) 25(1 + i) (D) 100(1 – i)
5. The region of Argand diagram defined by |z – 1| + |z + 1| 4 is :
(A) interior of an ellipse (B) exterior of a circle
(C) interior and boundary of an ellipse (D) none of these
| z 1 i | 2
6. The system of equations , where z is a complex number has :
Re z 1
(A) no solution (B) exactly one solution
(C) two distinct solutions (D) infinite solution
3 4 5
7. If z1, z2, z3 are 3 distinct complex numbers such that = = ,
z 2 z3 z 3 z1 z1 z 2
9 16 25
then the value of equals
z 2 z3 z3 z1 z1 z 2
(A) 0 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
8. The complex numbers sin x + i cos 2x and cos x – i sin 2x are conjugate to each other, for
n
(A) x = n (B) x = 0 (C) x (D) no value of x
2
i
9. Real part of e e is -
(A) ecos [cos (sin )] (B) ecos [cos (cos )] (C) esin [sin (cos )] (D) esin [sin (sin )]
z 1
10. If z ( – 1) is a complex number such that is purely imaginary, then |z| is equal to
z 1
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 5
154
COMPLEX NUMBER
11. Let A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on the complex plane. If the circumcentre of
the triangle ABC lies at the origin, then the orthocentre is represented by the complex number :
(A) z1 + z2 z3 (B) z2 + z3 z1 (C) z3 + z1 z2 (D) z1 + z2 + z3
12. If (1 + i) ( 1 + 2i) ( 1 + 3i) .... (1 + ni) = + i then 2 . 5 . 10 ... (1 + n2) =
(A) – i (B) 2 – 2 (C) 2 + 2 (D) none of these
1
13. sin–1 (z 1) , where z is nonreal, can be the angle of a triangle if
i
(A) Re(z) = 1, m(z) = 2 (B) Re(z) = 1, 0 <m (z) 1
(C) Re(z) + m(z) = 0 (D) none of these
1 i i |z|
14. If z = (1 + i)4 , then equals
4 i 1 i amp (z)
(A) 1 (B) (C) 3 (D) 4
2008
15. If 1, 1, 2......., 2008 are (2009)th roots of unity, then the value of r (
r 1
r 2009 r ) equals
(A) 2009 (B) 2008 (C) 0 (D) – 2009
16. If x2 + x + 1 = 0, then the numerical value of
2 2 2 2 2
1 2 1 3 1 4 1 27 1
x x 2 x 3 x 4 ...... x 27 is equal to
x x x x x
(A) 54 (B) 36 (C) 27 (D) 18
17. Let i = 1 . Define a sequence of complex number by z1 = 0, zn+1 = zn2 + i for n 1. In the complex plane, how
far from the origin is z111?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 100
18. Number of values of x (real or complex) simultaneously satisfying the system of equations
1 + z + z2 + z3 + ........ + z17 = 0 and 1 + z + z2 + z3 + ......... + z13 = 0 is -
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
19. Let z1 and z2 be two non real complex cube roots of unity and |z –z1|2 + |z – z2|2 = be the equation of a circle with
z1, z2 as ends of a diameter then the value of is
(A) 4 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 2
1
20. In G.P. the first term & common ratio are both
2
3 i , then the absolute value of its nth term is :
(A) 1 (B) 2 n (C) 4n (D) none
155
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
1 1 1 1
21. If P and Q are represented by the complex numbers z1 and z2 such that , then the
z1 z 2 z1 z 2
circumcentre of OPQ (where O is the origin) is
z1 z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
(A) (B) (C) (D) z1 + z2
2 2 3
22. If Arg (z – 2 – 3i) = , then the locus of z is
4
(A) (B)
(C) (D)
23. The points z1, z2, z3, z4 in the complex plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken in order if and only if :
(A) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (B) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (C) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (D) none
24. The set of points on the complex plane such that z2 + z + 1 is real and positive (where z = x + iy, x, y R ) is-
(A) Complete real axis only
(B) Complete real axis or all points on the line 2x + 1 = 0
1 3 1 3
(C) Complete real axis or a line segment joining points , & , excluding both.
2 2 2 2
(D) Complete real axis or set of points lying inside the rectangle formed by the lines.
2x + 1 = 0 ; 2x – 1 = 0 ; 2y 3 0 & 2y 3 0
25. If z1, z2, z3 are vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z| = 2 and if z1 = 1 + i 3 , then
(A) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 + i 3 (B) z2 = 2, z3 = 1 – i 3
(C) z2 = – 2, z3 = 1 – i 3 (D) z2 = 1 – i 3 , z3 = – 1 – i 3
26. The vector z = 4 + 5i is turned counter clockwise through an angle of 180º & stretched 1.5 times. The complex
number corresponding to the newly obtained vector is :
15 15 15
(A) 6 i (B) 6 i (C) 6 i (D) none of these
2 2 2
156
COMPLEX NUMBER
27. If | z | = 1 and | – 1 | = 1 where z, C, then the largest set of values of | 2z – 1 |2 + | 2 – 1 |2 equals
(A) [1, 9] (B) [2, 6] (C) [2, 12] (D) [2, 18]
28. If (cos + i sin) (cos 2 + i sin 2) ... (cos n + i sin n) = 1, then the value of is
3m 2m 4m m
(A) ,mZ (B) ,mZ (C) ,mZ (D) ,mZ
n (n 1) n (n 1) n (n 1) n (n 1)
29. Points z1 & z2 are adjacent vertices of a regular octagon. The vertex z3 adjacent to z2 (z3 z1) can be represented
by -
1 1
(A) z2 (1 i )( z1 z2 ) (B) z2 ( 1 i )( z1 z2 )
2 2
1
(C) z2 ( 1 i )( z2 z1 ) (D) none of these
2
z 1 4
30. If log1/2 > 1, then find locus of z
3 z 1 2
(A) Exterior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(B) Interior to circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(C) Circle with center 1 + i0 and radius 10
(D) None of these
1 1 1
31. If A1, A2, ......., An be the vertices of an n-sided regular polygon such that = + ,
A1A 2 A A
1 3 A1A 4
then find the value of n
(A) 5 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
32. If x = a + b + c, y = a + b + c and z = a + b + c, where and are imaginary cube roots of unity, then
xyz =
(A) 2(a3 + b3 + c3) (B) 2(a3 – b 3 – c3) (C) a3 + b 3 + c3 – 3abc (D) a3 – b 3 – c3
33. If z and are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and Arg (z) – Arg() = /2, then z is equal to -
(A) 1 (B) –1 (C) i (D) –i
n
1 i tan 1 i tan n
34. The expression when simplified reduces to :
1 i tan 1 i tan n
(A) zero (B) 2 sin n (C) 2 cos n (D) none
1 2 3 4
35. If 1, 1, 2, 3, 4 be the roots of x5 1 = 0, then find the value of . . . 2
2 1 2 2 2 3 4
(where is imaginary cube root of unity.)
(A) (B) (C) 1 (D) – 1
157
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Exercise # 2 Part # I [Multiple Correct Choice Type Questions]
1. Which of the following complex numbers lies along the angle bisectors of the line -
L1 : z = (1 + 3) + i (1 + 4) L2 : z = (1 + 3) + i (1 – 4)
11 3i
(A) i (B) 11 + 5i (C) 1– (D) 5 – 3i
5 5
2. On the argand plane, let 2 3z , 2 3z & | z | = 1. Then the correct statement is -
(A) moves on the circle, centre at (–2, 0) and radius 3
(B) & describe the same locus
(C) & move on different circles
(D) – moves on a circle concentric with |z| = 1
3. POQ is a straight line through the origin O . P and Q represent the complex number a + i b and c + i d
respectively and OP = OQ. Then
(A) |a + i b| = | c + i d| (B) a + c = b + d
(C) arg (a + i b) = arg (c + i d) (D) none of these
4. The common roots of the equations z3 + (1 + i)z2 + (1 + i)z + i = 0, (where i = 1 ) and z1993 + z1994 + 1 = 0 are -
(where denotes the complex cube root of unity)
(A) 1 (B) (C) 2 (D) 981
5. If g(x) and h(x) are two polynomials such that the polynomial P(x) = g(x3) + xh(x3) is divisible by x2 + x + 1, then -
(A) g(1) = h(1) = 0 (B) g(1) = h(1) 0 (C) g(1) = –h(1) (D) g(1) + h(1) = 0
6. The value of in + i–n, for i 1 and n I is -
2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n 2n 2n 2n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
(1 i)2n 2n 2n 2n 2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n (1 i)2n
7. The equation |z – i| + |z + i| = k, k > 0, can represent
(A) an ellipse if k > 2 (B) line segment if k = 2
(C) an ellipse if k = 5 (D) line segment if k = 1
8. If the equation | z | (z + 1)8 = z8 | z + 1 | where z C and z (z + 1) 0 has distinct roots z1, z2, z3,....,zn (where n N)
then which of the following is/are true?
(A) z1, z2, z3,......,zn are concyclic points. (B) z1, z2, z3,......,zn are collinear points
n
7
(C) Re(z ) =
r 1
r
2
(D) = 0
9. If x r CiS r for 1 r n ; r,, n N then -
2
n n n n
(A) Lim Re x r 1 (B) Lim Re x r 0 (C) Lim Im x r 1 (D) Lim Im x r 0
n r 1 n r 1 n r 1 n r 1
158
COMPLEX NUMBER
10. If |z 1| = |z 2| = |z 3| = 1 and z1, z2, z3 are represented by the vertices of an equilateral triangle then
(A) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 (B) z1z2z3 = 1
(C) z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0 (D) none of these
|x 1 2i|2
11. If S be the set of real values of x satisfying the inequality 1 – log2 0 , then S contains -
2 1
(A) [–3, –1) (B) (–1, 1] (C) [–2, 2] (D) [–3, 1]
12. Let z1, z2 be two complex numbers represented by points on the circle |z1| = 1 and |z2|=2 respectively, then -
1
(A) max|2z1+ z2| = 4 (B) min |z1 – z2| = 1 (C) z2 3 (D) none of these
z1
13. If z is a complex number then the equation z2 + z z + z2 = 0 is satisfied by ( and 2 are imaginary cube
roots of unity)
(A) z = k where k R (B) z = k 2 where k is non negative real
(C) z = k where k is positive real (D) z = k 2 where k R.
14. If the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 represents vertices of an equilateral triangle such that |z1|=|z2|=|z3|, then which of
following is correct ?
(A) z1 + z2 + z3 0 (B) Re(z1 + z2 + z3) = 0 (C) Im(z1 + z2 + z3) = 0 (D) z1 + z2 + z3 = 0
1 1
15. If 2 cos = x + and 2 cos = y + , then
x y
1 x y
(A) xn + = 2 cos (n) (B) = 2 cos ( – )
xn y x
1
(C) xy + = 2 cos ( + ) (D) none of these
xy
16. Value(s) of (–i)1/3 is/are -
3i 3i 3i 3i
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
17. If z be a non-real complex number satisfying | z | = 2, then which of the following is/are true?
z2 z 1 i 3
(A) arg =± 2 (B) arg =
z2 z 1 i 3 6
(C) | z2 – 1 | 3 (D) | z2 – 1 | 5
18. If , be any two complex numbers such that 1 , then which of the following may be true -
1
(A) | | 1 (B) || 1 (C) ei , R (D) ei , R
159
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
19. The equation ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k represents
(A) a hyperbola if 0 < k < 2 (B) a pair of ray if k > 2
(C) a straight line if k = 0 (D) a pair of ray if k = 2
20. If amp (z1z2) = 0 and |z1| = |z2| = 1, then :-
(A) z1 + z2 = 0 (B) z1z2 = 1 (C) z1 = z2 (D) none of these
21. If centre of square ABCD is at z=0. If affix of vertex A is z1, centroid of triangle ABC is/are -
z1
(A) (cos + i sin ) (B) 4 cos i sin
3 2 2
z1 z1
(C) cos i sin (D) cos i sin
3 2 2 3 2 2
22. Let z1, z2, z3 be non-zero complex numbers satisfying the equation z4 = iz. Which of the following statement(s) is/
are correct ?
3 1
(A) The complex number having least positive argument is .
2 , 2
3
(B)
k 1
Amp (z k )
2
1 1
(C) Centroid of the triangle formed by z1, z2 and z3 is ,
3 3
3 3
(D) Area of triangle formed by z1, z2 and z3 is
2
23. If the vertices of an equilateral triangle are situated at z =0, z=z1, z =z2, then which of the following is/are true -
(A) |z1| = |z2| (B) |z1 – z2| = |z1|
(C) |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2| (D) |arg z1 – arg z2|= /3
24. If z satisfies the inequality |z – 1 – 2i| 1, then
3
(A) min (arg (z)) = tan–1 (B) max (arg(z)) =
4 2
(C) min (|z|) = 5 –1 (D) max (|z|) = 5 +1
25. Let z, z and z + z represent three vertices of ABC, where is cube root unity, then -
2 2
(A) centroid of ABC is ( z z ) (B) orthocenter of ABC is ( z z )
3 3
(C) ABC is an obtuse angled triangle (D) ABC is an acute angled triangle
160
COMPLEX NUMBER
Part # II [Assertion & Reason Type Questions]
These questions contains, Statement I (assertion) and Statement II (reason).
(A) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is true ; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for statement-I.
(C) Statement-I is true, Statement-II is false.
(D) Statement-I is false, Statement-II is true.
1. Statement-I : There are exactly two complex numbers which satisfy the complex equations |z – 4 – 5i|= 4 and
Arg (z – 3 – 4i) = simultaneously..
4
Statement-II : A line cuts the circle in atmost two points.
2. Let z1, z2, z3 represent vertices of a triangle.
1 1 1
Statement - I : = 0, when triangle is equilateral.
z1 z 2 z 2 z3 z3 z1
Statement - II : |z1|2 – z1 z0 – z1 z0 = |z2|2 – z2 z0 – z 2 z0 = |z3|2 – z3 z0 – z3 z0, where z0 is circumcentre of triangle.
3. Statement-I : If z = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ............. + 32i32, then z, z , –z & – z forms the vertices of square on argand plane.
Statement-II : z, z , –z, – z are situated at the same distance from the origin on argand plane.
4. Statement - 1 : Roots of the equation (1 + z)6 + z6 = 0 are collinear.
Statement - II : If z1, z2, z3 are in A.P. then points represented by z1, z2, z3 are collinear
z2
5. Let z1, z2, z3 satisfy 2 and z0 = 2. Consider least positive arguments wherever required.
z 1
z z z z
Statement – I : 2arg 1 3 arg 1 0 .
z
2 3 z z2 z 0
Statement – II : z1, z2, z3 satisfy |z – z0| = 2.
6. Let 1, 1, 2, 3,......., n 1 be the n, nth roots of unity,
2 3 (n 1) n
Statement - I : sin . sin . sin ........ sin = n 1 .
n n n n 2
Statement - II : (1 1) (1 2) (1 3)........ (1 n 1) = n.
z z1
7. Statement-I : If z1 = 9 + 5i and z2 = 3 + 5i and if arg then |z – 6 – 8i| = 3 2
z z 2 4
z z1
Statement-II : If z lies on circle having z1 & z2 as diameter then arg .
z z 2 4
8. Statement-I : Let z 1, z 2, z 3 be three complex numbers such that |3z 1 + 1|= |3z 2 + 1|= |3z 3 + 1| and
1 + z1 + z2 + z3 = 0, then z1, z2, z3 will represent vertices of an equilateral triangle on the complex plane.
Statement-II : z1, z2, z3 represent vertices of an equilateral triangle if z12 z 22 z 32 z1 z 2 z2 z 3 z 3 z1 .
161
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Exercise # 3 Part # I [Matrix Match Type Questions]
Following question contains statements given in two columns, which have to be matched. The statements in
Column-I are labelled as A, B, C and D while the statements in Column-II are labelled as p, q, r and s. Any given
statement in Column-I can have correct matching with ONE OR MORE statement(s) in Column-II.
1. Column - I Column - I
1
(A) If z be the complex number such that z 2 (p) 0
z
|z|
then minimum value of is
tan
8
zn zn
(B) |z| = 1 & z2n+1 0 then 2n
2n is equal to (q) 3
z 1 z 1
(C) If 8iz3 + 12z2 – 18z + 27 i = 0 then 2|z| = (r) 11
(D) If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the roots of equation (s) 1
4
z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 = 0, then (zi + 2) is
i 1
2. Let z1 lies on | z | = 1 and z2 lies on | z | = 2.
Column – Column –
(A) Maximum value of | z1 + z2 | (p) 3
(B) Minimum value of | z1 – z2 | (q) 1
(C) Minimum value of | 2z1 + 3z2 | (r) 4
(D) Maximum value of | z1 – 2z2| (s) 5
3. Column - I Column - II
(A) Let f (x) = x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d has 4 real roots (a, b, c, d R). (p) 0
If | f (– i) | = 1 (where i = 1 ), then the value of a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 equals (q) 1
2
(B) If arg (z + 3) = and arg (z – 3) = , then (r) 2
6 3
n
tan2(arg z) – 2 cos(arg z), is Im(z )
r 1
r (s) 3
(C) If the points A(z), B(– z) and C(z + 1) are vertices of an equilateral triangle,
then 5 + 4 Re (z) equals
(D) If z1 = 1 + i 3 , z2 = 1 – i 3 and z3 = 2, (t) 4
then value of x satisfying z1x + z2x = 2x can be
162
COMPLEX NUMBER
4. Match the figure in column-I with corresponding expression -
Column - I Column - I
z1 z2
z 4 z 3 z4 z3
two parallel lines
(A)
z3 z4
(p) z 2 z1 z2 z1 = 0
z4
z2 z1 z z1
(B) two perpendicular lines (q) 2
z1 z2 z 4 z 3 z4 z3
z3
z1 z2
z 4 z1 z2 z 3 z4 z1 z2 z3
(C) a parallelogram (r) . .
z2 z1 z 4 z 3 z2 z1 z4 z3
z4 z3
z3
z4
(D) z2 (s) z 1 + z3 = z 2 + z4
z1
Part # II [Comprehension Type Questions]
Comprehension # 1
Let z be any complex number. To factorise the expression of the form zn – 1, we consider the equation zn = 1.
This equation is solved using De moiver's theorem. Let 1, 1, 2,........ n–1 be the roots of this equation, then
zn – 1 = (z – 1)(z – 1)(z –2)........(z – n–1) This method can be generalised to factorize any expression of the
form zn – kn.
6
2m
for example, z7 + 1 = z C iS
m 0 7 7
This can be further simplified as
z7 + 1 = (z + 1) z2 2z cos 1 z 2 2z cos 3 1 z2 2z cos 5 1 .....(i)
7 7 7
These factorisations are useful in proving different trigonometric identities e.g. in eqaution (i) if we put
z = i, then equation (i) becomes
3 5
(1 i) (i 1) 2i cos 2i cos 2i cos
7 7 7
3 5 1
i.e. cos cos cos
7 7 7 8
163
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
1. If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear and quadratic factors over real coefficients as
z5 32 z 2 (z2 pz 4)(z2 qz 4) , where p > q, then the value of p2 – 2q -
(A) 8 (B) 4 (C) –4 (D) –8
2. By using the factorisation for z5 + 1, the value of 4 sin cos comes out to be -
10 5
(A) 4 (B) 1/4 (C) 1 (D) –1
3. If (z2n+1 – 1) = (z – 1)(z2 – p1z + 1)........ (z2 – pnz + 1) where n N & p1, p2 ............. pn are real numbers then
p1 + p2 + ........... + pn =
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) tan(/2n) (D) none of these
Comprehension # 2
Let z1, z2, z3, z4 are three distinct complex numbers such that | z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | = | z4 |, satisfying.
|(1 – d) z1 + z2 + z3 + z4 | = | z1 + (1 – d) z2 + z3 + z4 | = | z1 + z2 + (1 – d) z3 + z4 | where d R – {0}.
1. Arg (z1+ z2+ z3+ z4 ) is
(A) (B) (C) (D) Not defined.
6 2
2. | z1+ z2+ z3+ z4 | is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 0 (D) 4
3. The point d z1, dz2, dz3 lie on a circle with
(A) centre (1, 0), radius | d | (B) centre (0, 0), radius |d z1|
(C) centre (0, 1), radius | d z2 | (D) None of these
Comprehension # 3
ABCD is a rhombus. Its diagonals AC and BD intersect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. Let the points D and
M represent complex numbers 1 + i and 2 – i respecetively.
If is arbitary real, then z = re i R r R 2 lies in annular region formed by concentric circles
| z | = R1, | z | = R2.
1. A possible representation of point A is
i i 3 3
(A) 3 – (B) 3 + (C) 1 + i (D) 3 – i
2 2 2 2
2. eiz =
(A) e– r cos (cos (r cos ) + i sin (r sin )) (B) e– r cos (sin (r cos ) + i cos (r cos ))
(C) e– r sin (cos (r cos ) + i sin (r cos )) (D) e– r sin (sin (r cos ) + i cos (r sin ))
3. If z is any point on segment DM then w = eiz lies in annular region formed by concentric circles.
1
(A) | w |min = 1, | w |max = 2 (B) | w |min = , | w |max = e
e
1 1
(C) | w |min = , | w |max = e2 (D) | w |min = , | w |max = 1
e2 2
164
COMPLEX NUMBER
Comprehension # 4
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below.
z 1
A = {z : | z +1 | 2 + Re(z)}, B = {z : | z –1 | 1} and C = z : 1
z 1
1. The number of point(s) having integral coordinates in the region A B C is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 10
2. The area of region bounded by A B C is
(A) 2 3 (B) 3 (C) 4 3 (D) 2
3. The real part of the complex number in the region A B C and having maximum amplitude is
3 1
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D) – 2
2 2
Comprehension # 5
In the figure |z| = r is circumcircle of ABC.D,E & F are the middle points
of the sides BC, CA & AB respectively, AD produced to meet the circle
at L. If CAD = , AD = x, BD = y and altitude of ABC from A meet
the circle |z|= r at M, za, zb & zc are affixes of vertices A, B & C respectively.
1. Area of the ABC is equal to -
(A) xy cos ( + C) (B) (x + y) sin
1
(C) xy sin ( + C) (D) xy sin ( + C)
2
2. Affix of M is -
(A) 2zbei2B (B) zbei(–2B) (C) zbeiB (D) 2zbeiB
3. Affix of L is -
(A) zbei(2A – 2) (B) 2zbei(2A – 2) (C) zbei(A – ) (D) 2zbei(A – )
165
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Exercise # 4 [Subjective Type Questions]
p p p
1. If x = 1+ i 3 ; y = 1 i 3 & z = 2 , then prove that x + y = z for every prime p > 3.
2. Interpret the following locii in z C.
z 2i
(A) 1 < z 2i < 3 (B) Re 4 (z 2i)
iz 2
(C) Arg (z + i) Arg (z i) = /2 (D) Arg (z a) = /3 where a = 3 + 4i.
3. Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
18 18
(A) z = 1 + cos + i sin (B) z = 2 (cos 30° + i sin 30°)
25 25
i 1
(C) (tan 1 – i)2 (D)
2 2
i 1 cos sin
5 5
4. If a1, a2, a3.... an, A1, A2, A3. .... An, k are all real numbers, then prove that
A12 A 22 An2
...... = k has no imaginary roots.
x a1 x a 2 x an
5. For complex numbers z & , prove that, |z|2 ||2 z z if and only if, z = or z 1
6. If |z 1| = |z 2| = ...... = |z n| = 1 then show that
1 1 1 1
(i) z1 = z (ii) |z1 + z2 + ..... + zn| = z z ...... z .
1 1 2 n
1 1 1
And hence interpret that the centroid of polygon with 2n vertices z1, z2, ....... zn , , , ........ (need not
z1 z 2 zn
be in order) lies on real axis.
7. (A) Let z = x + iy be a complex number, where x and y are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets defined by
A = {z||z| 2} and B = {z|(1 – i)z + (1 + i) z 4}. Find the area of the region A B.
1
(B) For all real numbers x, let the mapping f(x) = , where i = 1 . If there exist real numbers a, b, c and d for which
xi
f(a), f(b), f(c) and f(d) form a square on the complex plane. Find the area of the square.
8. Let circles C 1 and C 2 on Argand plane be given by | z + 1 | = 3 and | z – 2 | = 7 respectively.
If a variable circle | z – z0 | = r be inside circle C2 such that it touches C1 externally and C2 internally then locus
p
of 'z0' describes a conic E. If eccentricity of E can be written in simplest form as where p, q N, then find the value
q
of (p + q).
166
COMPLEX NUMBER
9. If z1, z2 are the roots of the equation az2 + bz + c = 0, with a, b, c > 0 ; 2b2 > 4ac > b2 ; z1 third quadrant ; z2 second
2 1/2
z1 1 b
quadrant in the argand's plane then, show that arg 2 cos
z2 4ac
10. For any two complex numbers z1, z2 and any two real numbers a, b show that
|az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2 = (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)
11. If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum 3 + 4i and the other two
with product 13 + i. Find the value of 'b'.
e2iA eiC eiB
12. If A, B and C are the angle of a triangle D = eiC e2iB eiA where i = 1 , then find the value of D.
eiB eiA e2iC
n 1
r n
13. If is imaginary nth (n 3) root of unity then show that (n r)
r 1
=
1
n 1
2r n
Hence deduce that
r 1
(n r) sin
n
= cot .
2 n
2
14.
3 2 2
Let A = {a R| the equation (1 + 2i)x – 2(3 + i)x + (5 – 4i)x + 2a = 0} has at least one real root. Find the value of a .
a A
15. Consider two concentric circles S1 : | z | = 1 and S2 : | z | = 2 on the Argand plane. A parabola is drawn through the
points where 'S1' meets the real axis and having arbitrary tangent of 'S2' as its directrix. If the locus of the focus of
drawn parabola is a conic C then find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the tangents at the ends of the latus-
rectum of conic C.
z1 2z 2
16. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that 2 z z = 1 and |z2| 1, find |z1|.
1 2
17. If O is origin and affixes of P, Q, R are respectively z, iz, z + iz. Locate the points on complex plane.
If PQR = 200 then find (i) |z| (ii) sides of quadrilateral OPRQ
18. If Zr , r = 1, 2, 3,..... 2m, m N are the roots of the equation Z2m + Z2m–1 + Z2m–2 +....... + Z+1 = 0
2m
1
then prove that Z = –m
r 1 r 1
19. ABCD is a rhombus in the Argand plane. If the affixes of the vertices be z1, z2, z3, z4 and taken in anti-clockwise sense
and CBA = /3, show that
(A) 2z2 = z1(1 + i 3 ) + z3(1 – i 3 ) & (B) 2z4 = z1(1 – i 3 ) + z3(1 + i 3 )
20. Find the locus of mid-point of line segment intercepted between real and imaginary axes, by the line
a z az b 0 , where ‘b’ is real parameter and ‘a’ is a fixed complex number such that Re(a) 0,
m(a) 0.
167
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
21. P is a point on the Argand plane. On the circle with OP as diameter two points Q & R are taken such that POQ =
QOR = . If 'O' is the origin & P, Q & R are represented by the complex numbers
2 2
Z1, Z2 & Z3 respectively, show that : Z2 cos2 = Z1. Z3 cos .
22. A polynomial f (z) when divided by (z – w) leaves remainder 2 i 3 and when divided by (z – w2) leaves
remainder 2 i 3 . If the remainder obtained when f (z) is divided by z2 + z + 1 is az + b (where w is a non- real cube
root of unity and a, b R+), then find the value of (a + b).
23. The points A, B, C depict the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the angle B & C of the
1 2 2
triangle ABC are each equal to ( ) . Show that : (z 2 z 3 ) 4(z 3 z1 )(z1 z2 ) sin
2 2
24. Let z1 , z2 , z3 are three pair wise distinct complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative real numbers such that
t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies inside a triangle with vertices z1, z2, z3 or
on its boundary.
25. Let A z1 ; B z2 ; C z3 are three complex numbers denoting the vertices of an acute angled triangle.
If the origin ‘O’ is the orthocentre of the triangle, then prove that z1 z2 z1 z2 z 2 z3 z2 z 3 z 3 z1 z3 z1 .
26. If a = ei, b = ei , c = ei and cos + cos + cos = 0 = sin + sin + sin , then prove the following
(i) a+b+c=0 (ii) ab + bc + ca = 0
(iii) a2 + b2 + c2 = 0 (iv) cos 2 = 0 = sin 2
(v) sin2 = cos2 = 3/2
27. (A) If is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that :
2 2 4 4 8 2n.
(1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )..... to 2n factors = 2
(B) If is a complex cube root of unity , find the value of ;
2 4 8
(1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + ) (1 + )..... to n factors.
28. Let zi (i = 1, 2, 3, 4) represent the vertices of a square all of which lie on the sides of the triangle with vertices (0,0),
m
(2,1) and (3, 0). If z1 and z2 are purely real, then area of triangle formed by z3 , z4 and origin is (where m and n are
n
in their lowest form). Find the value of (m + n).
29. The points A, B, C represent the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the angle B &
1
C of the triangle ABC are each equal to ( ) . Show that (z2 z3)² = 4 (z3 z1) (z1 z2) sin2 .
2 2
32 p
10 2q 2q
30. Evaluate : (3p 2) sin 11 i cos 11 .
p 1 q 1
168
COMPLEX NUMBER
Exercise # 5 Part # I [Previous Year Questions] [AIEEE/JEE-MAIN]
1. The inequality |z – 4| < |z – 2| represents the following region
(1) Re(z) > 0 (2) Re(z) < 0 (3) Re(z) > 2 (4) none of these
2. Let z and are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = || and arg z + arg = , then z equal to
(1) (2) – (3) (4) –
3. Let z1 and z2 be two roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, z being complex, Further, assume that the origin z3, z1
and z2 form an equilateral triangle. then-
(1) a2 = b (2) a2 = 2b (3) a2 = 3b (4) a2 = 4b
4. If z and are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = 1, and Arg(z) –Arg() = /2, then z is equal
to
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) i (4) –i
x
1+ i
5. If = 1 , then
1 – i
(1) x = 4n, where n is any positive integer (2) x = 2n, where n is any positive integer
(3) x = 4n + 1, where n is any positive integer (4) x = 2n + 1, where n is any positive integer
6. Let z, w be complex numbers such that z + i w = 0 and arg zw = . Then arg z equals
(1) /4 (2) /2 (3) 3/4 (4) 5/4
7. If |z2 – 1| = |z|2 + 1, then z lies on
(1) the real axis (2) the imaginary axis (3) a circle (4) an ellipse
x y
p + q
8. If z = x – iy and z1/3 = p + iq, then 2 is equal to-
(p + q 2 )
(1) 1 (2) –1 (3) 2 (4) –2
9. If z1 and z2 are two non zero complex numbers such that |z1 + z2|=|z1|+|z2| then arg z1 – arg z2 is equal to-
(1) – (2) (3) – (4) 0
2 2
z
10. If w = and |w|= 1 then z lies on
1
z– i
3
(1) a circle (2) an ellipse (3) a parabola (4) a straight line
11. If |z + 4| 3, then the maximum value of |z + 1| is-
(1) 4 (2) 10 (3) 6 (4) 0
169
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
1
12. The conjugate of a complex number is , then that complex number is-
i 1
1 1 1 1
(1) (2) (3) (4)
i 1 i 1 i 1 i 1
4
13. If Z 2 , then the maximum value of |Z| is equal to :-
Z
(1) 2 (2) 2 + 2 (3) 3 +1 (4) 5 +1
14. The number of complex numbers z such that |z – 1| = |z + 1| = |z – i| equals :-
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4)
15. Let , be real and z be a complex number. If z2 + z+ = 0 has two distinct roots on the line Re z = 1, then it
is necessary that :-
(1) 1 (2) (1, ) (3) (0,1) (4) ( 1,0)
16. If (1) is a cube root of unity, and (1 +)7 = A + B. Then (A, B) equals :-
(1) (1, 0) (2) (–1, 1) (3) (0, 1) (4) (1, 1)
2
z
17. If z 1 and is real, then the point represented by the complex number z lies :
z 1
(1) on the imaginary axis.
(2) either on the real axis or on a circle passing through the origin.
(3) on a circle with centre at the origin.
(4) either on the real axis or on a circle not passing through the origin.
1 z
18. If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg equals
1 z
(1) – (2) (3) (4) –
2
1
19. If z is a complex number such that |z| 2, then the minimum value of z :
2
5
(1) is equal to (2) lies in the interval (1, 2)
2
5 3 5
(3) is strictly greater than (4) is strictly greater than but less than
2 2 2
z1 2z 2
20. A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex number such that is
2 z1z 2
unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a :
(1) circle of radius 2. (2) circle of radius 2
(3) straight line parallel to x-axis (4) straight line parallel to y-axis
2 3i sin
21. A value of for which is purely imaginary is : [
1 2i sin
3 1
(1) (2) sin 1 (3) sin 1 (4)
6 4 3 3
170
COMPLEX NUMBER
Part # II [Previous Year Questions][IIT-JEE ADVANCED]
1 1 1
1. (A) If z1, z2, z3 are complex numbers such that |z1 ||z 2 ||z 3 | 1 then |z1 +z2 + z3| is -
z1 z2 z3
(A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1 (C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3
(B) If arg (z) < 0, then arg (–z) – arg (z) =
(A) (B) – (C) (D)
2 2
z1 z 3 1 i 3
2. (A) The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying are the vertices of a triangle which is -
z2 z 3 2
(A) of area zero (B) right-angled isosceles (C) equilateral (D) obtuse-angled isosceles
(B) Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be of the form
(A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C) 4k + 3 (D) 4k
1 1 1
1 3 2
3. (A) Let i . Then the value of the determinant 1 1 2 is -
2 2
1 2 4
(A) 3 (B) 3( 1) (C) 3 2 (D) 3(1 )
(B) For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and |z2–3–4i| = 5 , the minimum value of |z1 – z2| is
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 17
(C) Let a complex number , 1, be a root of the equation zp+q –zp – zq + 1 =0 where p,q are distinct primes.
Show that either 1 + +2 + ....+p -1 = 0 or 1 + + 2 + .. + q-1 =0, but not both together.
z 1
4. If | z | = 1 and (where z –1), then Re (w) equals –
z 1
1 z 1 2
(A) 0 (B) (C) z 1 . (D)
|z 1|2 | z 1|2 | z 1|2
1 z1 z2
5. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that | z1 | < 1 and | z2 | > 1 then show that 1
z1 z2
n
1 r
6. Show that there exists no complex number z such that | z |
3
and a z r 1
r 1
where |ai| < 2 for i = 1, 2,.......n.
7. The least positive value of ‘n’ for which (1 + 2)n = (1 + 4)n, where is a non real cube root of unity is -
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 4
8. Find the centre and radius formed by all the points represented by z = x + i y satisfying the relation
| z |
K ( K 1) where & are constant complex numbers, given by 1 i2 & 1 i2
| z |
171
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
9. If a, b, c are integers not all equal and is cube root of unity ( 1) then the minimum value of |a + b + c2| is -
3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
10. Area of shaded region belongs to - [JEE 2005]
(A) z : |z + 1| > 2, |arg (z + 1)| < /4
(B) z : |z – 1| > 2, |arg (z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2, |arg (z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z – 1| < 2, |arg (z – 1)| < /2
11. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2 3i . Find the other vertices of
square.
w wz
12. If w = i where 0 and z 1, satisfies the condition that is purely real, then the set of values
1 z
of z is -
(A) {z : |z|=1} (B) {z : z = z } (C) {z : z 1} (D) {z : |z| = 1, z 1}
13. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the north-east (N 45° E) direction. From there, he
walks a distance of 4 units towards the north-west (N 45° W) direction to reach a point P. Then the position
of P in the Argand plane is :
i/4 i/4 i/4 i/4
(A) 3e + 4i (B) (3 – 4i)e (C) (4 + 3i)e (D) (3 + 4i)e
z
14. If |z| = 1 and z ± 1, then all the values of lie on :
1 z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) |z| = 2
(C) the x-axis (D) the y-axis
Comprehension (for 15 to 17)
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below
A z : Im z 1
B z :|z 2 i| 3
C z : Re((1 i)z) 2
15. The number of elements in the set A B C is -
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)
2 2
16. Let z be any point in A B C. Then |z + 1 – i| + |z – 5 – i| lies between -
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44
17. Let z be any point in A B C and let be any point satisfying | – 2 – i| < 3. Then,
|z|–|| + 3 lies between -
(A) –6 and 3 (B) –3 and 6 (C) –6 and 6 (D) –3 and 9
172
COMPLEX NUMBER
18. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i = 1 . It moves first horizontally away from origin by
5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z1. From z1 the particle moves 2
units in the direction of the vector ˆi ˆj and then it moves through an angle in anticlockwise direction
2
on a circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z2. The point z2 is given by -
(A) 6 + 7i (B) –7 + 6i (C) 7 + 6i (D) –6 + 7i
15
2m 1
19. Let z = cos + i sin . Then the value of Im(z
m 1
) at = 2° is -
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
sin2 3 sin 2 2 sin 2 4 sin 2
20. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose vertices are the
roots of the equation zz 3 zz 3 350 is -
(A) 48 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 80
21. Match the conics in Column I with the statements/ expressions in Column II.
Column I Column II
(A) Circle (p) The locus of the point (h, k) for which the line
(B) Parabola hx + ky = 1 touches the circle x2 + y2 = 4
(C) Ellipse (q) Points z in the complex plane satisfying | z + 2 | – | z – 2 |= ± 3
(D) Hyperbola (r) Points of the conic have parametric representation
1 t2 2t
x 3 2
,y=
1 t 1 t2
(s) The eccentricity of the conic lies in the interval 1 x <
(t) Points z in the complex plane satisfying Re (z + 1)2 = | z | 2 + 1
22. Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 – t)z1 + tz2 for some real number t with
0 < t < 1. If Arg(w) denotes the principal argument of a nonzero complex number w, then
(A) |z – z1|+|z – z2|=|z1 – z2| (B) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z – z2)
z z1 z z1
(C) z z 0 (D) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z2 – z1)
2 1 z2 z1
2 2
23. Let be the complex number cos i sin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers z satisfying
3 3
z 1 2
z 2 1 0 is equal to
2
1 z
173
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
24. Match the statements in Column-I with those in Column-II.
[Note : Here z takes values in the complex plane and Im z and Re z denote, respectively, the imaginary part
and the real part of z.]
Column I Column II
4
(A) The set of points z satisfying z i z z i z (p) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
is contained in or equal to
(B) The set of points z satisfying (q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
|z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10
is contained in or equal to
(C) If |w|= 2, then the set of points (t) the set of points z satisfying |Im z| < 1
1
zw is contained in or equal to
w
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points (s) the set of points z satisfying |Re z| 2
1
zw is contained in or equal to (t) the set of points z satisfying |z| 3
w
25. Comprehension (3 questions together)
Let a,b and c be three real numbers satisfying
1 9 7
a b c 8 2 7 0 0 0 ...(E)
7 3 7
(i) If the point P(a,b,c), with reference to (E), lies on the plane 2x + y + z = 1, then the
value of 7a+b+c is
(A) 0 (B) 12 (C) 7 (D) 6
3
(ii) Let be a solution of x – 1 = 0 with Im() > 0. If a = 2 with b and c satisfying (E),
3 1 3
then the value of a
b c is equal to -
(A) –2 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) –3
(iii) Let b = 6, with a and c satisfying (E). If and are the roots of the quadratic equation
n
2
1 1
ax + bx + c = 0, then
n 0
is -
6
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) (D)
7
26. If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i| < 2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
27. Let ei / 3 , and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that
a+b+c=x
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z.
|x|2 |y|2 |z|2
Then the value of is
|a|2 |b|2 |c|2
174
COMPLEX NUMBER
28. Match the statements given in Column I with the values given in Column II
Column I Column II
(A) ˆ b ˆj 3kˆ and c 2 3kˆ form a triangle,
If a ˆj 3k, (p)
6
then the internal angle of the triangle between a and b is
b
2
(B) If ( (x) 3x)dx a2 b2 , then the value of 6 is (q)
3
a
56
2
sec( x)dx is
n3 7 / 6
(C) The value of (r)
3
1
(D) The maximum value of Arg for (s)
1 z
|z| = 1, z 1 is given by (t)
2
29. Match the statements given in Column I with the intervals/union of intervals given in Column II
Column I Column II
2iz
(A) The set Re 2 : z is a complex number, |z|=1, z 1 (p) (–, –1) (1, )
1 z
is
8(3) x 2
(B) The domain of the function (x) sin 1 2( x 1)
is (q) (–, 0) (0, )
1 3
1 tan 1
(C) If () tan 1 tan , then the set () : 0 is (r) [2, )
2
1 tan 1
(D) If ƒ(x) = x3/2(3x – 10), x 0, then ƒ(x) is increasing in (s) (–, –1] [1, )
(t) (–, 0] [2, )
2
30. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is nonzero and a = z + z + 1 is real. Then a cannot
take the value -
1 1 3
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 4
1 2 2 2 2 2 2
31. Let complex numbers and lie on circles (x – x0) + (y – y0) = r and (x – x0) + (y – y0) = 4r respectively..
2 2
If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0| = r + 2, then || =
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 7 3
i+j 2
32. Let be a complex cube root of unity with 1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij = . Then P
0, when n =
(A) 57 (B) 55 (C) 58 (D) 56
175
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
3i n 1 1
33. Let w and P = {w : n = 1, 2, 3, .....}. Further H1 = z C: Re z and H2 z C: Re z ,
2 2 2
where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1 P H1, z2 P H2 and O represents the origin, then
z1 Oz2 =
2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 3 6
Paragraph for Question 34 and 35
z 1 3i
Let S = S 1 S 2 S 3 , where S 1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S 2 z C : Im 0 and
1 3i
S3 = {z C : Re z > 0}.
34. min|1 3i z|
zS
2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
35. Area of S =
10 20 16 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
2k 2k
36. Let zk = cos i sin ; k = 1, 2, .....,9.
10 10
List - I List - II
(p) For each zk there exists a zj such zk. zj = 1 (1) True
(q) There exists a k {1, 2, ....., 9} such that z1 . z = zk (2) False
has no solution z in the set of complex numbers
1 z1 1 z 2 ....... 1 z9
(r) equals (3) 1
10
9 2k equals
(s) 1 k 1 cos (4) 2
10
Codes :
p q r s
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
176
COMPLEX NUMBER
k k
37. For any integer k, let k i sin , where i = 1 . The value of the expresion
7 7
12
k 1
k 1 k
3
is
k 1
4k 1 4k 2
1 3i z r z 2s
38. Let z , where i = 1 , and r, s {1, 2, 3} . Let P = 2s and I be the identity matrix of order 2.
2 z z r
Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = – 1 is
l
39. Let a, b R and a2 + b2 0. Suppose S = z C : z t R, t 0 , where
a ibt '
i 1 . if z = x + iy and z S, then (x,y) lies on
1 1
(A) the circle with radius and centre ,0 for a < 0, b 0
2a 2a
1 1
(B) the circle with radius and centre 2a ,0 for a < 0, b 0
2a
(C) the x-axis for a 0, b = 0
(D) the y-axis for a 0, b 0
177
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
MOCK TEST
SECTION - I : STRAIGHT OBJECTIVE TYPE
1. If ‘p’ and ‘q’ are distinct prime numbers, than the number of distinct imaginary numbers which are pth as well as qth
roots of unity are -
(A) minm (p, q) (B) maxm (p, q) (C) 1 (D) zero
3(z) 2
2. Number of solution of the equation z3 + 0 where z is a complex number is
z
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 5
3. If 1, 1, 2, 3........ and 8 are nine, ninth roots of unity (taken in counter-clockwise sequence) then
|(2 – 1) (2 – 3) (2 – 5) (2 – 7)| is equal to
(A) 255 (B) 511 (C) 1023 (D) 15
4. The point of intersection the curves arg (z – i + 2) = & arg (z + 4 – 3i) = – is given by
6 4
(A) ( – 2 + i) (B) 2 – i (C) 2 + i (D) none of these
z iz1
5. If |z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2| and |z1| = 3 & |z2| = 4 then area of ABC, if affix of A, B & C are (z1), (z2) and 2
1 i
respectively, is
5 25 25
(A) (B) 0 (C) (D)
2 2 4
(1 i)5 (1 3 i) 2
6. The principal argument of the complex number is
2i( 3 i)
19 7 5 5
(A) (B) – (C) – (D)
12 12 12 12
2i
7. Image of the point, whose affix is , in the line (1 + i) z + (1 – i) z = 0 is the point whose affix is
3i
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
8. If a complex number z satisfies 2 z 10 10i 5 3 – 5, then the least principal argument of z is
11 2 5 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 3 6 4
at b
9. If t and c are two complex numbers such that |t| |c|, |t| = 1 and z = , z = x + iy. Locus of z is (where a, b
t c
are complex numbers)
(A) line segment (B) straight line (C) circle (D) none
178
COMPLEX NUMBER
6
10. S1 : Let zk (k = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) be the roots of the equation (z + 1)7 + (z)7 = 0 then Re(z
k 0
k )
7
is equal to –
2
a b c
S2 : If , , and a, b, c are complex numbers such that = 1 + i and = 0, then
a b c
2 2 2
the value of is equal to – 1
a 2 b2 c2
S3 : If z1, z2, ..... z6 are six roots of the equation z6 – z5 + z4 – z3 + z2 – z + 1 = 0 then the value of
6
(z
i 1
i 1) is equal to 4
S4 : Number of solutions of the equation z3 = z i|z| are 5
(A) TTFT (B) TFFT (C) FFTF (D) TTFF
SECTION - II : MULTIPLE CORRECT ANSWER TYPE
11. If n is the smallest positve integer for which (a + ib)n = (a – ib)n where a > 0 & b > 0 then the numerical value
of b/a is :
1
(A) tan (B) 3 (C) 3 (D)
3 3
12. If z is a complex number satisfying |z – i Re (z) | = |z – Im (z)| then z lies on
(A) y = x (B) y = – x (C) y = x + 1 (D) y = – x + 1
13. If z1 = 5 + 12i and |z 2| = 4 then
(A) maximum (|z1 + iz2|) = 17 (B) minimum (|z1 + (1 + i)z2|) = 13 – 9 2
z1 13 z1 13
(C) minimum 4 = (D) maximum =
z2 4 4 3
z2
z2 z2
(x ) n (x ) n
14. If , be the roots of the equation 2 – 2 + 2 = 0 and if cot = x + 1, then is equal to
sin n cos n sin n cos ec n
(A) (B) (C) (D)
sin n cos n cos n cos ecn
15. If z1 lies on |z| = 1 and z2 lies on |z| = 2, then
(A) 3 |z1 – 2z2| 5 (B) 1 |z1 + z2| 3 (C) |z1 – 3z2| 5 (D) |z1 – z2| 1
179
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
SECTION - III : ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE
z 2 z3 – 2z1
16. Statement - I : If A(z1), B(z2), C(z3) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC, then arg
z3 – z 2 4
z1 – z 2 AB i z1 – z 2
Statement - II : If B = , then e or arg
g =
z3 – z 2 BC z3 – z 2
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
1 1
17. Statement - I : If x + = 1 and p = x4000 + 4000 and q be the digit at unit place in the
x x
n
number 22 + 1, n N and n > 1, then the value of p + q = 8.
1 1 1
Statement - II : , 2 are the roots of x + = – 1, then x2 + 2 = – 1, x3 + 3 = 2
x x x
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
2 1 1
18. Statement - I : If z1, z2, z3 are complex number representing the points A, B, C such that = + .
z1 z2 z3
Then circle through A, B, C passes through origin.
Statement - II : If 2z2 = z1 + z3 then z1, z2, z3 are collinear.
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
19. Statement - I : 3 + ix2y and x2 + y + 4i are complex conjugate numbers, then x2 + y2 = 4.
Statement - II : If sum and product of two complex numbers is real then they are conjugate complex number.
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
2
20. Statement - I : If |z| < 2 – 1, then |z + 2z cos| < 1
Statement - II : |z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2| also |cos | 1.
(A) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is a correct explanation for Statement-I.
(B) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is True; Statement-II is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-I
(C) Statement-I is True, Statement-II is False
(D) Statement-I is False, Statement-II is True
180
COMPLEX NUMBER
SECTION - IV : MATRIX - MATCH TYPE
21. Column - Column -
(A) Locus of the point z satisfying the equation (p) A parabola
Re(z2) = Re (z z)
(B) Locus of the point z satisfying the equation (q) A straight line
+
|z – z1| + |z – z2| = , R and |z1 – z2|
(C) Locus of the point z satisfying the equation
2z – i
z 1
= m where i = –1 and m R+ (r) An ellipse
(D) If | z | = 25 then the points representing the (s) A rectangular hyperbola
complex number – 1 + 75 z will be on a (t) A circle
22. If z1, z2, z3, z4 are the roots of the equation z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 = 0 then
Column – Column –
4
4
(A) z
i 1
i is equal to (p) 0
4
5
(B) z
i 1
i is equal to (q) 4
4
(C) (z
i 1
i 2) is equal to (r) 1
(D) least value of [|z1 + z2|] is (s) 11
(Where [ ] represents greatest integer function)
(t) 4 cos isin
3 3
SECTION - V : COMPREHENSION TYPE
23. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
The complex slope of a line passing through two points represented by complex numbers z1 and z2 is defined by
z 2 z1
and we shall denote by . If z0 is complex number and c is a real number, then z0 z + z0 z + c = 0 represents
z2 z1
z0
a straight line. Its complex slope is – . Now consider two lines
z0
z + z + i = 0...(i) and a z + a z + b = 0 ...(ii)
where , and a, b are complex constants and let their complex slopes be denoted by 1 and 2 respectively
1. If the lines are inclined at an angle of 120° to each other, then
(A) 2 1 = 1 1 (B) 2 12 = 1 2 2 (C) 12 = 22 (D) 1 + 22 = 0
181
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
2. Which of the following must be true
(A) a must be pure imaginary (B) must be pure imaginary
(C) a must be real (D) b must be imaginary
2
3. If line (i) makes an angle of 45° with real axis, then (1 + i) is
(A) 2 2 (B) 2 2 i (C) 2 (1 – i) (D) – 2 (1 + i)
24. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
Let (1 + x)n = C0 + C1x + C2x2 + .......+ Cnxn. For sum of series C0 + C1 + C2 + ........., put x = 1. For sum of series C0 + C2 +
C4 + C6 + ........, or C1 + C3 + C5 + ........ add or substract equations obtained by putting x = 1 and x = – 1.
For sum of series C0 + C3 + C6 + ........ or C1 + C4 + C7 + ....... or C2 + C5 + C8 + ....... we subsitute x = 1,
x = , x = 2 and add or manupulate results.
Similarly, if suffixes differe by ‘p’ then we substitute pth roots of unity and add.
1. C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 +........ =
1 n n 1 n n 1 n n 1 n n
(A)
3 2 2cos 3 (B) 2 2 cos 3 (C)
3 2 2sin 3 (D)
3 2 2sin 3
3
2. C1 + C5 + C9 +.... =
1 n n/2 n 1 n n/2 n
(A)
4 2 2 2cos 4 (B)
4 2 2 2cos 4
1 n n/2 n 1 n n/2 n
(C)
4 2 2 2sin 4 (D)
4 2 2 2sin 4
3. C2 + C6 + C10 +..... =
1 n n/2 n 1 n n/2 n
(A)
4 2 2 2.cos 4 (B)
4 2 2 2.cos 4
1 n n/2 n 1 n n/2 n
(C)
4 2 2 2.sin 4 (D)
4 2 2 2.sin 4
25. Read the following comprehension carefully and answer the questions.
Consider ABC in Argand plane. Let A(0), B(1) and C(1 + i) be its vertices and M be the mid point of CA. Let z be
a variable complex number in the plane. Let u be another variable complex number defined
as u = z2 + 1
1. Locus of u, when z is on BM, is
(A) Circle (B) Parabola (C) Ellipse (D) Hyperbola
2. Axis of locus of u, when z is on BM, is
(A) real – axis (B) Imaginary – axis (C) z + z = 2 (D) z – z = 2i
3. Directrix of locus of u, when z is on BM, is
(A) real– axis (B) imaginary – axis (C) z + z = 2 (D) z – z = 2i
182
COMPLEX NUMBER
SECTION - VI : INTEGER TYPE
n
1 i 2 –1 1 –1
26. If = sec x sin x x 0, –1 x 1, then find the number of positive integers less than 20 satisfying
1 – i
above equation.
i 2i i
2 2
27. Let fp() = e p , e p ......e p p N (where i = 1 , then find the value of lim f n ()
n
28. If |z| = min (|z – 1|, |z + 1|}, then find the value of |z + z |.
29. If z is a complex number and the minimum value of |z| + | z – 1 | + | 2z – 3| is and if y = 2[x] + 3 = 3[x – ], then find the
value of [x + y] (where [.] denotes the greatest integer function}
2i 20 6
k r
30. If = e 7
and f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k , then the value of f ( x) = n(A
r 0
0
+ Anxn + A2nx2n) then find the value of n.
183
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE - 1
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. B
14. D 15. D 16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. A
27. D 28. C 29. B 30. A 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. A
EXERCISE - 2 : PART # I
1. AC 2. ABD 3. AB 4. BC 5. ACD 6. BD 7. ABC 8. BCD 9. AD
10. AC 11. AB 12. ABC 13. BC 14. BCD 15. ABC 16. AC 17. ACD 18. ABCD
19. ACD 20. BC 21. CD 22. AB 23. ABD 24. ABCD 25. AC
PART - II
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. B
EXERCISE - 3 : PART # I
1. A s B p C q D r 2. Ap Bq C, Ds 3. A p B r C t D q,s
4. A q B p C q,s D r
PART - II
Comprehension # 1 : 1. A 2. C 3. A Comprehension # 2 : 1. D 2. C 3. B
Comprehension # 3 : 1. A 2. C 3. B Comprehension # 4 : 1. C 2. A 3. B
Comprehension # 5 : 1. C 2. B 3. A
EXERCISE - 5 : PART # I
1. 4 2. 4 3. 3 4. 4 5. 1 6. 3 7. 2 8. 4 9. 4 10. 4 11. 3 12. 3 13. 4
14. 2 15. B 16. 4 17. 2 18. 3 19. 2 20. 1 21. 3
PART - II
1. (A) A (B) A 2. (A) C, (B)D 3. (A) B (B) B 4. A 7. B
k 2 1
8. 2
& 2 | k 2|2 (k 2 ||2 ||2 )(k 2 1) 9. B 10. A
1k k 1
11. ( 3 i) , (1 3 ) + i and (1 3 ) – i 12. D 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. C 17. D 18. D 19. D
20. A 21. A p B s,t C r D q,s 22. A, C, D 23. 1
24. (A) q,r (B) p (C) p,s,t (D) q,r,s,t 25. (i) D, (ii) A, (iii) B 26. 5 27. 3
28. (A) q (B) p (C) s (D) t 29. (A) s (B) t (C) r (D) r 30. D
31. C 32. BCD 33. CD 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. 4 38. 1 39. ACD
184
COMPLEX NUMBER
MOCK TEST
1. D 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. C 9. C
10. B 11. AB 12. AB 13. AD 14. AD 15. ABCD 16. D 17. D 18. B
19. D 20. A 21. A s B q,r C a,t D t 22. A r B q,t C s D p
23. 1. B 2. B 3. C 24. 1. B 2. D 3. A 25. 1. B 2. C 3. D
26. 4 27. 1 28. 1 29. 30 30. 7
185
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
HINTS & SOLUTIONS
EXERCISE - 1
16 16
Single Choice ly = k2 = k2 z3 z1 ....(ii)
| z3 z1 |2 z3 z1
6 6 25
1. sin + i 1 cos 25
5 5 ly | z z |2 = k2 = k2 z1 z2 ....(iii)
1 2 z1 z 2
lies in 2 nd quadrant and On adding (1), (2) and (3), we get
6 9 16 25
1 cos =
5 3 z 2 z3 z3 z1 z1 z 2
6 = cot 5 cot 2 10 tan 10
sin
5 = k2 z2 z3 z3 z1 z1 z2 = 0
z1 z 2 z 3
2 nd quadrant – 11. G Centroid of =
10 3
11 11 H Orthocentre = z say, O Circum centre = 0
2. z = 1 + cos + i sin G divides HO in ratio 2 : 1 reckening from
9 9
z1 z 2 z 3 2·0 1·z
11 11 11 = z = z1 + z2 + z3
= –2cos cos isin (–1) 3 2 1
18 18 18
11 7 1 1
|z| = – 2cos = 2 cos 14. z = (1 i) 4
18 18 4 ( i)(1 i)
11 –7 2
arg(z) = – = = (1 i) 4
18 18 4 i
4. S= i + 2i2 + 3i3 + .... + 100 i100 (1 i)4 4ei i / 2
= = 2 e
iS = i2 + 2i3 + .... + 100 i101 2 i 2 ei/2
S(1–i) = i + i2 + i3 + .... + i100 – 100 i101
|z| = 2 amp (z) =
100i 100i (1 i ) 2
S= = =–50(i–1) = 50(1–i)
1 i 2
| z | 2
3 4 5 =4
7. We have = = = k (let) amp(z)
z 2 z3 z 3 z1 z1 z2 2
9 16 25 15. Let S = 1(1 + 2008) + 2(2 + 2007) + 3(3 + 2006) +
2 = 2 = 2 = k2 ......... + 2008(2008 + 1) ....(i)
z 2 z3 z 3 z1 z1 z 2
Also S = 2008(2008 + 1) + 2007(2 + 2007) + .........
9 + 2(2 + 2007) + 1(1 + 2008) ....(ii)
Now 2 = k2
z 2 z3 (writing in reverse order)
On adding (1) and (2), we get
9
= k2 z 2 z3 ....(i) 2S 2009[2(1 2 3 .......... 2008 )]
z 2 z3
2S 2009[2(1 1 2 3 .......... 2008 1)]
[As | z |2 = z z ]
zero
Hence S = – 2009
186
COMPLEX NUMBER
19. Circle 1 1
| + 1 – 2 > 0
w|z 1 4 2
|z – z 1|
3 3 3
2 – < 0 – <<
z 4 2 2
i
25. z1 = 1 + i 3 = 2e 3
w2
or
|z – z 2| z2
2
i –1– 3
so by pythogorous theorem z2 = z1e 3 = =–2
2
2
= |w – w2|2 = 3 =3
z1
1 1 1 1
21. We have =
z 2 z1 z 2 z1
60°
z2
| z1 + z2 | = | z1 – z2 | z1 z2 + z 2 z1 = 0
z3
2
– i – i
3
z3 = z1 e 3
=2e =1– i 3
27. Least distance and greatest distance of any z and from
z1 1 1 3
is purely imaginary.. the point ,0 are and respectively..
z2 2 2 2
Hence PQR is right angled at O. 2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1 3 3
Circumcentre of POQ is the mid point of PQ i.e. z
2 2 2 2 2 2
1
(z1 z 2 )
2
24. z2 + z + 1 is real so
z2 + z + 1 = z 2 + z + 1
z2 – z 2 + z – z = 0
(z – z ) (z + z + 1) = 0
either z = z or z + z + 1 = 0
Im(z) = 0 Let z = + i
z is purely real
So +i+–i+1=0 Hence 2 | 2z – 1 |2 + | 2 – 1 |2 18
2 + 1 = 0
31. Let centre be origin & A1 be Z0 & OA1 = OA2 = .... = a
1
=– 2 4
2 i
n
i
n
So A2 = z0 e , A3 = z0 e ......
Also ( + i)2 + ( + i) + 1 > 0
+ + 1 – 2 + i(2 + ) > 0
2
i
2 i2
i
Now A1 A2 = z 0 – z 0 e n
= | z0| 1 – e n a en
if = –1/2 then
187
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
i i
EXERCISE - 2
e
–
n
–e n Part # I : Multiple Choice
= 2a sin
n
2. = –2 + 3z
2 3 + 2 = 3z
similarllyA1 A3 = 2a sin , A1A4 = 2a sin
n n | + 2| = 3|z|
1 1 1 (x + 2)2 + y2 = 9
Given
= 2 3 Similarly = –2 – 3z
2a sin 2a sin 2a sin
n n n + 2 = –3z | + 2| = |–3z|
2 2
3 4 3 4 (x + 2) + y = 9
sin = sin =– Now – = 6z | – | = 6|z|
n n n n
n = 7 is only possible value. so ( – ) moves on a circle with centre as origin and
radius 6.
33. Let z = r (cos + i sin ) = r ei
a + ib
1 1
So = [cos( – /2) + i sin( – /2)] = ei( – /2) o
r r 3.
c + id
1 i( – /2) –i /2
So z = r e–i × e =e = –i
r
|a + ib| = |(c + id)|
35. (z – 1) (z – 1) .........(z – 4) = z – 1 5 a+c=b+d
Put z = , z = 2 and divide 4. z3 + (1 + i)z2 + (1 + i) z + i = 0
( –1)( – 1 ) ( – 2 ) ( – 3 ) ( – 4 ) (z + i) (z2 + z + 1) = 0
(2 –1) (2 – 1 ) (2 – 2 ) (2 – 3 )(2 – 4 ) (z + i) (z – ) (z – 2) = 0 z = –i, , 2
Now , and 2 satisfies the equation
5 – 1 ( – 1 ) ( – 2 ) ( – 3 ) ( – 4 )
= 10 z1993 + z1994 + 1 = 0
– 1 (2 – 1 ) (2 – 2 ) (2 – 3 ) (2 – 4 )
So and 2 are common roots
2
( –1) 2
We have | z | (z + 1)8 = z8 | z + 1 | ....(i)
= = ( + 1)2 = 4 =
( –1) 2 Taking modulus on both sides, we get
| z | | z + 1 |8 = | z |8 | z + 1 |
| z + 1 |7 = | z |7
|z+1|=|z|
which represents the locus of z will be a straight line which
is perpendicular bisector of the line segment joining
1
(– 1, 0) and (0, 0) i.e. Re(z) = . Also there will be exactly
2
7 distinct 'z' satisfying given equation,
1 1
i.e. z = , ki where k has 3 distinct positive
2 2
values k1, k2 and k3.
n 7
1 7
Re(z ) = z
r 1
r r =
2
7 =
2
r 1
n
and Im(z ) = 0 + (k1 + k2 + k3) + (– k1 – k2 – k3) = 0
r 1
r
188
COMPLEX NUMBER
n
i i
i
i z2
9. xr = e 2 . e 22
.e 23
........ e 2n 17. (A) For P(z), arg =
r 1 z2 2
n y
lim xr = e
i 2 1 21 1 ......
22 P(z)
n
r 1
n
lim Re x r = Re e 2
n
r 1
i
2
= –1
(–2, 0) (2, 0)
x
n
lim Im x r = Im e 2
n
r 1
i
2
=0 Q(z)
10. All the three vertices lies on circle |z| = 1 z 2
take z1 = z1, z2 = z1, z3 = z12 and for Q(z), arg =
z2 2
So z1 + z2 + z3 = z1(1 + + 2) = 0 (A) is true.
z1z2z3 = z13
(B) AOB is equilateral.
z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = z12 ( + 3 + 2) = 0
AOB =
3
| x 1 2i | 2
11. 1 log 2 0
2 1 and ACB =
6
| x 1 2i | 2 z 1 i 3
2 | x 1 2i | 2 2 arg = (By rotation)
2 1 z 1 i 3 6
( x 1)2 4 2 2 (x + 1)2 + 4 8
y
(x + 1)2 4 –3 x 1 C(z)
But x = –1 not lie in the domain of function.
12. Since z1 and z2 lie on |z| = 1 and |z| = 2 O x
then |z1| = 1 and |z2| = 2
2 2
|2z1 + z2| 2|z1| + |z2| 4 A(–1,– 3) B(1,– 3)
max |2z1 + z2| = 4
|z1 – z2| ||z1| – |z2| = |1–2| = 1
min |z1 – z2| = 1
z 1 i 3
1 1 arg = –
z2 z2 z 1 i 3 6
z1 z1 = 2 + 1 = 3
(B) is not true.
1 (C) and (D)
z2 3 2 2 2
z1 We have | z2 – 1 | = (z2 – 1) (z 1) = z2 z – z2 – z + 1
|z|4 – 2(x2 – y2 + 1) = 17 – 2(x2 – y2)
13. z = rei x2 + y2 = 4 = 25 – 4x2
r2ei2 + r2ei+ r2 = 0 Now given | z | = 2
r2 [ei2ei+ 1] = 0 range of x is [– 2, 2]
2 4 9 | z2 – 1 |2 25
= ,
3 3 Hence 3 | z2 – 1 | 5
(C) and (D) are true.
z = k or k2 where k>0
189
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
19. ||z + i| – |z – i|| = k r=1
for 0 < k < 2 its hyperbola having foci as i & – i. 2
= OCX = tan–1
for k = 0 |z + i| = |z – i| which is perpendicular 1
bisector of line joining i, – i
for k = 2 a pair of ray. B C
point of max point of min
principal arg A principal arg
i
o x
–i
1 1
= OCA = tan–1 sin
2 5
21. 1
B(z1 e
i/2
) So principal Arg of A = – = tan-1 2 – tan–1
A(z)1 2
1
2–
G
= tan-1 2 tan –1 3
O 11 4
D(z1 e –i/2 ) C Part # II : Assertion & Reason
ABC is isosceles triangle
So centroid divide median BO in ratio 2 : 1
z 1 e i / 2 z 1 1. |z – 4 – 5i| = 4 represents a circle with centre
centroid G = cos i sin
3 3 2 2 (4, 5) and radius 4 and arg (z – 3 – 4i) = represents a ray
i / 2 4
z1 e z emanating from point (3, 4). Ray will intersectthe circle
Also centroid G = 1 cos i sin
3 3 2 2 at only one point.
So statement (I) is false and statement (II) is true.
i ( 4 k 1)
22. We have z4 = iz z3 = i z= e 6
2. For statement-1
(Using D.M.T.)
1 1 1
B(z2 )
Im(Z) 0
(z1 )A
3 1
z1 – z 2 (z 2 – z3 ) (z3 – z1 )
3 1
2 , 2 2 , 2 z12 z 22 z 32 z1z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3 z1
z1 z2 z3 are vertices of equilateral triangle
Re(Z)
For statement-2
C(z3 ) |z1 – z0| = |z2 – z0| = |z3 – z0|
(0, – 1) z0 is circum centre
Put k = 0, 1, 2, we get
5 3 4. Statement -1 (1 + z)6 = – z6
i i i
6 2
z1 = e , z2 = e6
and z3 = e take modulus
Clearly triangle formed by z1, z2 and z3 is equilateral. |1 + z|6 = |z|6
3 3 1 z
centroid of ABC is (0, 0) and Area (ABC) = 1 which is straight line
4 z
24. z1 z3
2 Statement -2 z2 =
max | z | = d + r 2
min | z | = d – r z2 is mid point of line joining z1 & z3. Hence z1 z2 z3
d = OC = 5 are collinear
190
COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE - 3 i
Part # I : Matrix Match Type (B) From the figure z 3e 3
y
1 1 z
1.(A) z z
z z
1 3
–2 z – 2
z
2 2 60° 120°
z + 2 z – 1 0 and z –2 z –10 30° 60° x
(–3,0) O (3,0)
z 2 –1, z 2 +1
z min 2 –1
arg z =
3
z Hence tan2(arg z) – 2 cos(arg z)
so minimum value of =1
2
tan = tan 60 2cos 60 3 1 2
8
(B) |z| = 1 (C) By rotation, we get
Let z = cos + i sin (z 1) (z)
i
e3
zn zn (z 1) z
z2n 1 z 2n 1
A(z)
cos n i sin n cos n i sin n
=
1 cos2n i sin 2n 1 cos2n i sin 2n
cos n i sin n
=
2 cos n (cos n i sin n )
3
cos n i sin n B(– z) C(z+1)
2 cos n (cos n i sin n )
1 1 1 3 1 3
= =0 2z + 1 = 2 i 2 2z = i
2 cos n 2 cos n 2 2
(C) 8iz3 + 12z2 – 18z + 27i = 0 1 3 1
(2iz + 3) (4z2 + 9i) = 0 z = i Re(z) =
4 4 4
3 9
z= i, z2 = – i 2 z =3
2 4 1
(D) z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 5+4 =5–1=4
4
= (z – z1) (z – z2) (z – z3) (z – z4)
Put z = –2 (D) We havez1x + z2x = 2x
4 (– 22)x + (– 2)x = 2x
(z i 2) =(–2)4+(–2)3+(–2)2+(–2)+1 = 11
i 1 (– 1)x[2x + x] = 1
(– 1)x[2x + x + 1x – 1] = 1
3. (A) Let f (x) (x – x1)(x – x2)(x – x3)(x – x4) Clearly x 3n, n I
f (– i) = (i + x1)(i + x2)(i + x3)(i + x4) (Because if x is an integral multiple of 3 then LHS
| f (– i) | = | (i + x1)(i + x2)(i + x3)(i + x4) | RHS)
= x 2
1 1 x 2
2 1 x 2
3 1 x 2
4 1 = 1 (1) x [2x
x
1x 1] = 1
zero
x1 = x2 = x3 = x4 = 0
a=b=c=d=0 Now verify x = 1, 3
191
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
Part # II : Comprehension
Comprehension # 2
Let z = z1+ z2+ z3+ z4
z2+ z3+ z4 = z – z1
(1–d) z1+ z2+ z3+ z4 = (1–d) z1+ z – z1= z – dz1
Similarly z1+ (1 – d) z2+ z3+ z4 = z – dz2
and z1 + z2 + (1 – d) z3+ z4 = z – dz3
| z – dz1| = | z – dz2 | = | z – dz3 |
z is equidistant from dz1, dz2, dz3 For C, | z – 1|2 | z + 1 |2
but dz1, dz2, dz3 lie on a circle with centre O and radius (z – 1) ( z – 1) (z + 1) ( z + 1)
|dz1| = |dz2| = |dz3| (zz – z – z + 1) (z z + z + z + 1)
| dz1 | = | d | · | z1 | |dz1| = |dz2| = |dz3| z+ z 0
| dz2 | = | d | · | z2 | as | z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | i.e. x 0 .....(3)
| dz3 | = | d | · | z3 | (i) (–1,0), (–1, 1) , (–1,–1), (0,0), (0,1), (0,–1)
z=0 Total number of point(s) having integral coordinates
Arg z not defined, Also | z | = 0 in the region A B C is 6.
(C) and (D) 0
3
We have (ii) Required area = 2 2 x dx = 2 3(square units)
3 2
z 2 – z2 – z 2 + 1
2
| z2 – 1 | = (z2 – 1) (z 1) = z2 2
|z|4 – 2(x2 – y2 + 1) = 17 – 2(x2 – y2)
3
x2 + y2 = 4 = 25 – 4x2 (iii) Clearly z = i 0 is the complex number in the region
2
9 | z2 – 1 |2 25 A B C and having maximum amplitude.
3
(z z )2 – z z 2
2zz + 1= | z |4 + 2| z |2 + 1 – 2 Re(z) 2 Re(z) =
2
= 24 + 2.22 + 1 – 4 | Re(z) |2 = 25 – 4 | Re(z) |2
Since 0 | Re(z) | 2 Comprehension # 5
25 – 4 × 4 | z2 – 1|2 25 – 4 × 0 1. AD = x, ADC = 180 – (C + )
9 | z2 – 1 |2 25 1
Hence 3 | z2 – 1 | 5 Area of ABC = 2 area ADC = 2y.x sin (C + )
2
(C) and (D) are true. = xy sin (C + )
Comprehension # 4 2. Let affix of M is zm and BOM = – 2B, then
For A, | z + 1 | 2 + Re(z)
(x +1)2 + y2 4 + 4x + x2 z m 0 OM i ( 2 B )
e
y2 3 + 2x z b 0 OB
3 zm = zb ei( – 2B)
y2 2 x .....(i)
2 3. Let affix of L is zL and BOL = 2 (A – ), then
For B, | z – 1 | 1 zL 0
i(2A–2)
(x – 1)2 + y2 1 ......(ii) zb 0 = e
zL = zb ei(2A–2)
192
COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE - 4 4. If x = + i is a root then
Subjective Type
A12 A 22 A 2n
+ ........+ = K
– a1 i – a 2 i – an i
2. (A) The region between the concentric circles with centre
& taking conjugate
at (0 , 2) & radii 1 & 3 units
1 A12 A 22 A 2n
(B) region outside or on the circle with centre + 2i and + .........+ = K
2 – a1 i – a 2 i – an i
1
radius Substracting
2
(C) semi circle (in the 1st & 4th quadrant) x² + y² = 1 2 A12 2 A 22 2 A 2n
2 2
2 2 + ...+ =0
(D) a ray emanating from the point (3 + 4i) directed away ( – a 1 ) ( – a 2 ) ( – a n ) 2 2
from the origin & having equation =0 x=+i0
3x y 4 3 3 0 which is purely real. Hence true.
5. |z|2 – ||2z = z – .....(i)
i
18 i
9 i 925 –i
9
1
3. (i) z = 1 + e 25
=e 25
e e 25 Put z = & z =
9
we get L.H.S = R.H.S
9 i Now, equation (i) be written as
z = 2 cos e 25
25 (1 + |z|2) = z(1 + ||2)
9 9 (1 | |2 )
|z| = 2 cos Arg z = = z
25 25 z 1 | z |2
i i / 6
(ii) z = 2e e 2e –i 5 / 6 But this is equation (i)
|z|2z – 2|z|2z = z – z
5 z|z|2 (1 – ) = z(1 – )
|z| = 2 Arg z = – .
6 (1 – ) (|z|2 – 1) = 0
2
(iii) |z| = 1 tan 2 1 = sec21 =1 ;
1
| z |2
from = 1 we get z =
Arg z = 2 Arg(tan 1 – i) = 2 1 – = 2 –
2 1 1
we get
| z |2 z
(i –1)
(iv) z =
2sin sin i cos
5
5 5 6. (i) z1 z1 1 1
z1
z1
2 1
|z| = cos ec 1 1 1
2 5 (ii) |z1 + z2....zn| = | z1 z2 .....zn | = ....
2sin z1 z2 zn
5
11 7. (a) – 2 (b) 1/2
Arg(z) = – – =
4 5 20
8. We have C1 : (x + 1)2 + y2 = 9
193
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
C2 : (x – 2)2 + y2 = 49
e 2 iA e iC e iB
12. D = e iC e 2 iB e iA
C1 r1 e iB e iA e 2 iC
(–1,0)
rC
(h,k) e iA e i ( A C ) e i ( A B )
=e –iA
e –iB
e –iC e i ( B C ) e iB e i ( A B )
C2 (2, 0) r2 e i ( B C ) e i ( A C ) e iC
As A + B + C =
So A + C = – B, B + C = – A, A + B = – C
Now CC1 = r + r1 e iA e i ( B ) e i ( C )
and CC2 = r2 – r D = e–i e i ( A ) e iB e i ( C )
e i ( A ) e i ( B ) e iC
CC1 + CC2 = r1 + r2
Locus of C is an ellipse with focus at C1 and C2 e iA e iB e iC
iA
Now r1 + r2 = 2a = 10 ....(1) D = – e iA e iB e iC
e e iB e iC
and d C1C2 (focallength) 2ae = 3 ....(2)
1 1 1
3 = –e–iA e–iB e–iC 1 1 1 = –e–i (–4) = –4
(1) and (2) eccentricity 'e' is p + q = 13 1 1 1
10
14. 18
z1
9. e i
z2 15. Clearly the parabola should pass through (1, 0) and
(–1,0). Let directrix of this parabola be x cos + y
z 1 z 2 e i 1 cos 1 i sin
sin = 2. If M (h,k) be the focus of this parabola, then
z 1 z 2 e i 1 cos 1 i sin
distance of (±1, 0) from 'M' and from the directrix
should be same.
i (h – 1)2 + k2 = (cos – 2)2 ....(i)
2 cos e 2
2 2 2
and (h + 1) + k = (cos + 2) 2 ....(ii)
=
2
2 sin i2 sin cos h
2 2 2 Now (2) – (1) cos = ....(iii)
2
z1 z 2 cot( / 2)
z1 z2 = i y
z1 z 2
i tan = z z
2 1 2
|z|=2
2
b 4c |z| P(2cos,2sin)
a2 a =1
2
2
z1 z 2 2
– tan = 1–sec =
2 z 1 z 2 2 b2 O x
a2 (–1,0) (0,0) (1,0)
4ac b2 M(h,k)
1 – sec2 = 1 – 2 cos2 =
2 b 2 4ac
b2 b2
cos = = 2cos–1
2 4ac 4ac
11. 51
Also (2) + (1) (h2 + k2 + 1) = (cos2 + 4) ....(iv)
194
COMPLEX NUMBER
From (iii) and (iv), we get 21. From the fig.
h2 3h 2 we have
h2 + k2 + 1 = 4 + + k2 = 3 z2 = z1 (cos ei)
4 4
x 2 y2
Hence locus of focus M(h, k) is 1 (Ellipse)
4 3
Also we know that area of the quadrilateral formed by
2a 2
the tangents at the ends of the latus-rectum is and z3 = z1 (cos2 ei2)
e
(where e is eccentricity of ellipse)
2(4)
Requred area = = 16 (square units)
1
2 z 22 (z 1 cos )2
z22cos2 = z1z3cos2
z 3 (z 1 cos 2 )
3 1 1
(As e2 = 1 – = e=
4 4 2
22. We have f (w) = 2 i 3 , f (w2) = 2 i 3
16. |z 1 – 2z 2|= |2 – z1 z2|
Let f (z) = (z2 + z + 1)g (z) + (az + b)
|z1 – 2z2 |2 = |2 – z1 z2|2
(z1 – 2z2) z1 2 z2 = 2 z1 z2 2 z1 z 2 aw + b = 2 i 3 ....(i)
z1 z – 2 z1 z2 – 2z1 z2 + 4z2 z2 and aw2 + b = 2 i 3 ....(ii)
= 4 – 2z1 z2 – 2 z1 z2 + z1 z1 z2 z2 On solving (1) and (2), we get
|z1|2 + 4| z2 |2 – 4 – |z 1|2 | z 2 |2 = 0 a = 2, b = 3 a + b = 5
(|z1|2 – 4) (1 – |z2|2) = 0
z3 z1
|z1|= 2 (as |z2| 1) 23. e i
z 2 z1
17. (i) |z| = 20 (ii) OP = OQ = PR = QR = 20
18. Let z2m + z2m – 1 –1...+z +1 = (z – z1) (z–z2).....(z–z2m)
Taking log on both the sides & differentiating w.r.t.z
z 3 z1
cos i sin
2mz 2m 1
(2m 1)z 2m 2
.... 2z 1 z 2 z1
2m 2 m 1 2
z z ..... z z 1 z 3 z1
1 cos 1 i sin
z 2 z1
1 1 1
= ....
z z1 z z 2 z z2 m z3 z2
2 sin 2 2i sin . cos
z 2 z1 2 2 2
1 2 3 .... 2m
(put z = 1) z3 z2
(2m 1) 2i sin cos i sin
z 2 z1 2 2 2
1 1 1 squaring both sides
= 1 z 1 z .... 1 z
1 2 2m (z 3 z 2 )2
2
4 sin 2 (cos i sin )
(z 2 z1 ) 2
2m 1 2m(2m 1)
z 1
m (z 3 z 2 )2 z 3 z1
r 1 r 2(2m 1) 4 sin 2
(z 2 z1 ) 2 2 z 2 z1
20. az az 0 (z3 – z2)2 = 4sin2 (/2) (z3 – z1) (z1 – z2)
195
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
24. Affixes of a point D which divides z2 , z3 in the ratio t3 : t2 27. (B) one if n is even ; ² if n is odd
t 2 z 2 t 3 z3 28. Let | z1 | = a,
is (Internal division)
t 2 t3 and | z1 – z2 | = | z1 – z4 | = k
Affies of a point E which divides. AD in the ratio i
z 4 z1
e2
t z t z t z
(t2 + t3) : t1 is 1 1 2 2 3 3
z 2 z1 =
t1 t 2 t 3 z4 = a + i k
z3 = a + i k + k = (a + k ) + i k
A(z1)
y B(2 + i)
(t2 + t3) z4 k z3
E
(Internal division) t1 k
B(z2) C(z3) x
t3 D t2 O z1 z2 C(3,0)
(0,0)
Hence E always lies in or on the ABC
a
26. (i) a + b + c = cos + isin + cos + isin+ cos + isin
= (cos + cos + cos) + i (sin + sin + sin) Now, O, z4 , zB are collinear.
=0+i0=0 0 0 1
(ii) a + b + c = 0 a bc =0 a k 1
=0 a –2 k = 0 .....(i)
1 2 1 1
a
a Also zB, z3 ,zC are collinear.
1 3 0 1
b
b ak k 1
=0
2 1 1
1
c
c 2k + a –3 = 0 .....(ii)
1 1 1 From (1) and (2) , we get
L.H.S = abc = abc (a b c) = abc (0) = 0
c a b 3 3
a= , k=
(iii) Squaring and using 2 4
(ii) a2 + b 2 + c2 + 2(ab + bc + ca ) = 0 9 3 3 3
Hence z3 = i and z4 = i
(iv) by (iii) e2i + e2i+ e2i= 0 4 4 2 4
cos2 + isin2+ cos2 + isin2 + cos2 0 0 1
+ isin2 = 0 1 9
Required area of triangle = 9 4 34 1 =
2 32
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = 0 32 34 1
and sin2 + sin2 + sin2 = 0
(square units)
(v) 2cos2 – 1 + 2 cos2 – 1 + 2cos2 – 1 = 0
3 –
cos2 + cos2 + cos2 = z1 – z 2 AB i
2
2 29. e
z3 – z 2 BC
Similarly
1 – 2sin2 + 1 – 2sin2 + 1 – 2 sin2 = 0 –
z2 – z3 BC i 2
= e
3 (z 1 – z 3 ) AC
= sin2 + sin2 + sin2.
2
196
COMPLEX NUMBER
EXERCISE - 5
A(z1)
Part # I : AIEEE/JEE-MAIN
( 6. Given thar arg z = ... (i)
z i 0 z i
a
(
2 2 ( z = i = –iz
B(z2) C(z3)
From (i) arg (–iz)2 =
2
(z1 z 2 )(z1 z3 ) AB
.1 arg (–i) + 2 arg (z) = ; + 2 arg (z) =
(z3 z 2 )2 BC 2
2 3 3
BC 2 arg (z) = ; arg (z) =
(z2 – z3)2 = (z3 – z1) (z1 – z2) . 2 4
AB
2 z
= (z1 – z2) (z1 – z2) 2 cos – 10. Given that =
i
and || = 1
z
2
3
= 4(z3 – z1) (z1 – z2) sin2 /2
z | z|
2q 2q 2q 2q || = =1
30. sin i cos i cos i sin i i
11 11 11 11 z
3
z
3
2q
i
i e 11
i 2 1
|z| = z – y+ =0
2 q
3 3 9
10 2q 2q 10 i
Which is a straight line.
sin 11 i cos 11 = – i e 11
q 1 k 1
4 4
2 i 4 i 20 i 13. Z – Z –
= – i e 11 e 11 ... e 11 = – i (– 1) = i Z Z
4
2 Z –
Given expression Z
2
p 2Z Z –4
32 10 2q 2q
(3p 2) sin i cos
p 1 q 1 11 11 2
Z –2Z –40
32 32 32
p p p
= (3p 2)i = 3 pi 2 i = 3S1 + 2S2 Z 5 +1
p 1 p 1 p 1
14. z is the circumcentre (0, 0) of triangle ABC so their exist
32
p
where S1 = pi only one complex number.
p 1
S1 = i + 2i + 3i3 + ... + 32i32
2
iS1 = i2 + 2i3 + ... + 32i33 Im(z)
S1(1 – i) = i + i2 + i3 + ... + i32 – 32i33
B(0,1)
32 i
S1 = (1 i ) 16(1 i )
Z
S2 = 0 Re(z)
p C(1,0)
32 10 2q 2q
(3p 2) sin i cos
p 1 q 1 11 11
= 3S1 + 2S2 = 48(1 – i) + 0= 48(1 – i)
197
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
15. Let z2 + z + = 0 has (1 + iy1) and (1 + iy2) Part # II : IIT-JEE ADVANCED
so z1z2 =
(1 + iy1)(1 + iy2) = z1 z 3 1 i 3 (1 i 3 )(1 i 3 )
2. (A)
= 1 – y1y2 + i(y1 + y2) ( is purely real) z2 z3 2 2(1 i 3 )
here y1 + y2 = 0 z2
1 i 2 .3
y1 = – y2 =
2(1 i 3 )
= 1 – y1y2
= 1 + y12 4 2 /3
=
>1 2(1 i 3 ) (1 i 3 ) z3 z1
(1, )
z2 z3 1 i 3
16. (1 + )7 = A + B cos i sin
(–2)7 = A + B z1 z 3 2 3 3
–2 = A + B
z2 z3 z2 z3
1 + = A + B = 1 and arg =
A=1 z1 z 3 z1 z 3 3
B = 1 (1, 1) Hence the is equilateral,
z2 z1 z1
17.
z 1
is purely real where (Z 1) (B) arg z 2 z cos 2 i sin 2 i
2 2
(|z2| = |z1| = 1)
z2 z2
So
z 1 z 1 z1n
(1, 0) (i) n
z 2n
zz 2 z 2 zz 2 z 2
Hence in = 1 n = 4k
2 2
zz (z z ) z z
3. (C) zp + q – zp – zq + 1 = 0
zz (z z ) (z z ) (z z )
(zp – 1) (zq – 1) = 0
z z 0 or z z z z as is root of (1), either p – 1 = 0
z z or x2 + y2 – 2x = 0 or q – 1 = 0
(x – 1)2 + y2 = 1
p 1 q 1
so either lie on z real axis or on a circle passing through either = 0 or = 0 (as 1)
1 1
the origin.
either 1 + + 2 + ... + p – 1 = 0
1
18. z or 1 + + ... + q – 1 = 0
z
But p – 1 = 0 and q – 1 = 0
1z cannot occur simultaneously as p and q are distinct
arg argz
1 primes, so neither p divides q nor q divides p, which is
1
z the requirement for 1 = p = q.
5. Given |z1| < 1 and |z2| > 1
21. Re((2 + 3i sin ) (1 + 2i sin )) = 2 – 6 sin2 = 0
1 z 1 z2 z1 | z1 |
1 Then to prove <1 usin g
sin 2 z1 z 2 z 2 | z 2 |
3
|1 z 1 z2 || z1 z 2 |
Squaring both sides, we get
198
COMPLEX NUMBER
(1 z 1 z2 )(1 z1 z 2 ) (z1 z 2 )( z1 z2 ) On comparing with equation of circle.
{using |z|2 = z z } |z|2 + a z + a z + b = 0
1 z1 z2 z1 z 2 z1 z1 z 2 z2 z1 z1 z1 z2 z 2 z1 z 2 z2 whose centre is (–a) and radius = | a|2 b
1 + |z1|2 |z2|2 < |z1|2 + |z2|2 centre for (i)
2 2 2 2
1 – |z1| – |z2| + |z1| |z2| < 0
k 2
2
(1 – |z1| ) (1 – |z2| ) < 0 2
... (2) = and radius
1 k2
which is true by (1) as |z1| < 1 and |z2| > 1
(1 – |z1|2) > 0 and (1 – |z2|2) < 0 k 2 k 2 k 2
=
(2) is true whenever (1) is true. 1 k2 1 k2 1 k2
1 z 1 z2 11. Here, centre of circle is (1, 0) is also the mid-point of
<1
z1 z 2 diagonals of square
6. Given : a1z + a2z2 + ... + anzn = 1 z1 z 2
z0
and |z| < 1/3 ... (i) 2
{using |z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2|} z2 = – 3 i,
|a1z| + |a2z2| + |a3z3| + .... + |anzn| 1 (where z0 = 1 + 0 i)
2{(|z| + |z|2 + |z|3 + .... + |z|n)} > 1 (using |ar| < 2) z3 1 i / 2
and z 1 e
1
2| z| (1 | z|n )
1
1 | z| z3=1+(1+ 3 i). cos i sin , as z1=2+ 3 i
2 2
{using sum of n terms of G.P.}
2|z| – 2|z|n + 1 > 1 – |z| = 1 ± i(1 + 3 i) = (1 3 ) ± i
1 2 n+ 1 z3 = (1 – 3 ) + i and z4 = (1 + 3 )–i
3|z| > 1+ 2|z|n + 1 |z|> |z|
3 3
w wz
1 12. Let, z1 = , be purely real
|z| > , which contradicts .....(i) 1z
3
There exists no complex number z such that z1 z1
1 n w wz w w z
|z| <
r
and a r z 1
3 r 1
1z 1z
w w z wz wz.z w zw w z wz.z
2
| z | 2
8. As we know; |z|2 = z. z k (w w ) (w w )| z|2 0
| z |2
(w w )(1 | z|2 ) 0
2
(z – a) ( z ) = k (z – ) ( z )
|z|2 = 1 {as, w w 0 , since 0}
|z|2 – z z + ||2 = k2 (|z|2 – z – z + ||2) |z| = 1 and z 1.
15. A = {z : Im z 1} y 1
or |z|2(1– k2) – (– k2) z – ( k2)z + (||2 – k2 ||2) = 0
B = {z : |z–2–i| = 3} (x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 9
2 ( k2) ( k2 ) | |2 k2 | |2 C = {z : Re((1 – i)z} = 2 } x+y= 2
|z| z z 0
(1 k2 ) (1 k2 ) (1 k2 )
199
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
x2 y2
Z It is a locus 1
9 / 4 25 / 4
y=1 9 25 4
(–1,1) (2,1) (5,1) (1 e 2 ) e
4 4 5
3 3
x+y= 2 since x cos Re(z)
2 2
3
As we can see 3 curves intersects at only one point Re(z) Re(z) 2
2
So A B C contains exactly one element 2 2
Consider the circle x + y – 9 = 0
16. |z +1– i|2+|z – 5 – i|2 = (–1–5)2+(1 – 1)2 = 36 3
By putting x = cos
so exactly 36 2
5
17. As 3 – 5 |z| 3 + 5 & y sin into x 2 y 2 9
2
As –3 + 5 || 3 + 5 9 cos 2 25 2
sin 9 0
–3 – 4 4
5 –|| 3 – 5
1
– 5 –|| + 3 6 – (D) z = (cos i sin )
5 (cos i sin )
–3 |z| – || + 3 9
z = 2 cos
22. z = z1 + t(z2 – z1) where z is real value & z [–2, 2]
z z1 z 1 (1 t) tz 2 25. Comprehension (3 questions together)
t , t (0,1) z
z 2 z1 (1 t) t a + 8b + 7c = 0
point P(z) divides point A(z1) & B(z2) internally in ratio 9a + 2b + 3c = 0
(1 – t) : t 7a + 7b + 7c = 0
Hence locus is a line segment such that P(z) lies a = K, b = 6K , c = –7K
between A(z1) & B(z2) as shown in figure. (i) (K, 6K, –7K)
A P B 2x + y + z = 1
z1 z z2 2K + 6K – 7K = 1
Hence options A,C & D are correct. ( point lies on the plane)
K=1
2 2
24. (A) |z – i|z|| = |z + i|z|| 7a + b + c = 7K + 6K – 7K = 6
3
(z – i|z|) z i| z| (z i| z| )( z i| z| ) (ii) x – 1 = 0
2
x = 1,
2i| z| z 2i| z| z
z = z z is purely real. 1 i 3
z lies on real axis. since Im() > 0
2 2
(B) Locus is ellipse having focii (–4, 0) & (4, 0) If a = 2 = K b = 12 & c = –14
2ae = 8 & 2a = 10 3 1 3 3 1 3
a = 5 & e = 4/5 Hence a
b c = 2 12 14
It is ellipse having eccentricity 4/5. 2
= 3+1+3 = –3 + 1 = –2
(C) w = 2 (cos + isin) (iii) b = 6 6K = 6 K = 1
1 a = 1, b = 6 & c = –7
z = 2 cos i sin 2
2(cos i sin ) x + 6x – 7 = 0
3 i5 + = –6 , = –7
x + iy = cos sin
2 2
n n
6 1
3 5
x cos & y = sin
n
7
n
6
7
2 2 1
7
200
COMPLEX NUMBER
Im
26. | a|2 | b|2 | c|2
cos =
2| a| | b|
|z–3–2i| < 2 4 4 12 1 2
(3,2) =
2.2.2 2 3
b b
Re 2 2
(3,0) (B) (ƒ(x) – 3x)dx = a – b = ( 2x)dx
a a
(3,–5/2)
b
We have to find minimum value of
5
(ƒ(x) x)dx 0
2 z 3 i a
2
one of the possible solution of this
= 2 × (minimum distance between z and point
5 equation is
3, )
2
ƒ(x) = x ƒ
5 6
6
= 2 × (distance between (3,0) and 3,
2
5/6
5 2
(sec x)dx
n 3 7 / 6
=2× = 5 units. (C)
2
27. Ans. 3 (Bonus)
i/3 2 1 5/6
(Comment : If = e = n| sec x tan x|7 / 6
n 3
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2
then is not always an integer..
| a | 2 + | b | 2 + | c |2 5 5
sec tan
6 6 = n 3 =
For example if a = b = c = 1 then the value of = n
n 3 7 7 n3
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 sec tan
17 i 6 6
2 2 2 is . Now if we consider = e
| a | +| b | +| c | 3
2 /3
then the solution is) 1
(D) Let Arg
1 z
2
|x| = (a + b + c) a b c
0 1
2 2 2
=| a| | b| | c| ab ac ba bc ca cb Arg
z 1
2 2 2
|y| = (a + b + c ) a b c which is shown in adjacent diagram.
2 2 2 2
| a| | b| | c| ab ac ba bc ca cb 2 2 Maximum value of is
| z|2 (a b 2 c )(a b c 2 )
approaching to but will never
2 2 2 2
= |a| + |b| + |c |
+ ab a c2 ba 2 bc ca cb 2 obtained the value equal to .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
|x| + |y| + |z| = 3 (|a| + |b| + |c| )
Hence there is an error in aksing the
| x|2 | y|2 | z|2 problem.
3
| a|2 | b|2 | c|2
28. (A) 29. (A) Let z = cos + isin
b a =2
c 2i(cos i sin ) cos i sin
b =2 Re 2 Re 2
c =2 3 1 (cos i sin ) sin i cos sin
a
201
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
1 1 3.
Re a
4
sin sin
Aliter : a = z2 + z + 1
Set will be ( , 1] [1, ) a = a (given a is real)
z2 + z = z 2 z z2 z 2 z z
8.3 ( x 2 )
(B) 1 1 x1 z z 1 (Im(z) is non zero)
1 3 2 ( x 1 )
1
x Re(z) = –
8.3 2
1 1
(3 3 x )(3 3 x ) 1
z can be taken as – + iy
x 2
3 =t t>0 where y R
2
8t 1 –1
1 a = – iy iy 1
(3 t)(t 3) 2 2
1 1
t 0,3 [9, ) a = + 1 – iy + iy – y2
4 2
x ( , 1) [2, ) 3 3
a= – y2 a <
4 4
8t
1 3
(3 t)(t 3) a
4
t (0, 1] (3, ) 31. Given : satisfies |z – z0| = r
| – z0| = r ...(i)
x ( , 0] (1, )
1
Taking intersection, & satisfies |z – z0| = 2r
x ( , 0] [2, )
1
z 0 2r ...(ii)
1 tan 1
(C) ƒ( ) tan 1 tan squaring (i) and (ii) we get z 0 z0 r 2
1 tan 1 2 2
z 0 z0 z 0 z0 r 2| z 0 | 2 ...(iii)
C1 C1 + C3 1 1
& z 0 z0 4r 2
2 tan 1
ƒ( ) 0 1 tan 1 z z
0 0 z 0 z0 4r 2
0 tan 1
ƒ() = 2sec
2 1 z 0 z0 z 0
2 2
4 2 z0 2
2
2
ƒ( ) [2, ) 1+ 2 |z0|2 – 2 – ||2 – |z0|2 + |z0|2 ||2
5/2 3/2
(D) ƒ(x) = 3x – 10x = 8|z0|2 ||2 – 8||2
15 3 / 2 30 1 / 2 –1 + |z0|2 – 7|z0|2 ||2 + 7||2 = 0
ƒ'(x) = x x 0
2 2 (|z0|2 – 1) (7|2| – 1) = 0
15 1
x (x 2) 0 x2 |z0| = 1 (rejected as r = 0) &
2 7
2 32. P2 = [ij]n × n
30. z + z + 1 – a = 0
n
z is imaginary D<0 ij p ik .p kj
1 – 4(1 – a) < 0 k 1
4a < 3
202
COMPLEX NUMBER
n n 35. Ans. (B)
i k .k j i j 2 k (4)2 1 2
k 1 k 1 Area of S (4)
4 2 3
i j ( 2 4 6 ..... 2 n )
8 20
If n is a multiple of 3 then P2 = 0 4
n is not a multiple of 3 3 3
n can be 55, 58, 56 1 i 3
38. Z =
2
r 2s
33. p 2s
r
r 2s
r
2s
p 2 2s
r 2s r
r 2s 2 2s r 2s
r
2s r r 2s 4s
2r
z1 = {w1, w11, w12}
z2 = {w5, w6, w7} 4s 2r
r
2s r
2 5 2s r
w 1 Ow 5
3
& w 1 Ow 6
6
r
4s
2r
Paragraph for Question 34 and 35
= – I (Given)
34. S1 is interior of circle centred at (0,1) & radius = 4.
2r 1
4s and
2s 2s r 0
r
r
r 0
r s r s
Re(z) > 0 is in Ist & IVthquadrant. 1 1 1 1
2 2 3 3
z 1 i 3 x 1 i y 3 Total no. pairs = 1
=
1 i 3 1 i 3 1
39. z
a ibt
=
x 1 i y 3 1 i 3 a ibt
x + iy
2 a b2 t 2
2
a bt
x 2 2 2
,y 2
a b t a b2 t 2
Eliminating t, we get
2 2
x 1 2 1
x2 + y2 x y
a 2a 2a
Im S 2 3 x y 0 (A) is correct.
erpendicular distance from (1,–3) to the line is (C), (D) can be verifiedby putting b = 0 and a = 0
3 3 3 3 respectively.
P
2 2
203
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
MOCK TEST 5. (D)
|z2 + iz1| = |z1| + |z2|
2 m
2 r i
q i Arg (iz1) = Arg (z2)
1. (D) e p =e
Arg (z2) – Arg (z1) =
r = 0, 1,...... p – 1 2
B
m = 0, 1,.... q – 1 z2
This is possible iff r = m = 0 z1
z3 C A
but for r = m = 0 we get 1 which is not an imaginary O
number.
z 2 iz1
3(z) 2 Let z3 =
2. (D) z +3
=0 Let z = re i 1 i
|z|
(1 – i) z3 = z2 – iz1
r3 ei3 + 3re–i2 = 0 (z3 – z2) = i (z3 – z1) (z2 – z3) = i (z1 – z3)
Since ‘r’ cannot be zero
r2 ei5 = – 3 which will hold for ACB = and |z2 – z3| = |z1 – z3|
2
r= 3 and 5 distinct values of ‘’ AC = BC
Thus there are five solution. 5
AB2 = AC2 + BC2 AC = .
2
3. (B)
( AB = 5)
(x – 1) (x – 1) (x – 2) ..............(x – 8) x9 – 1
1 AC 2 25
(2 – 1) (2 – 2)............... (2 – 8) = 29 – 1 ABC = AC.BC = = square unit
2 2 4
Now since 2 – 1 and 2 – 8 are conjugates of each other 6. (C)
|2 – 1| = |2 – 8|
(1 i)5 (1 3 i) 2
similarly 2i( 3 i)
|2 – 2| = |2 – 7| , |2 – 3| = |2 – 6|
2
and |2 – 4| = |2 – 5| 1
5
5
i 21 3
2
2
2
.2 2 2 i
|(2 – 1) (2 – 3) (2 – 5) (2 – 7)| = 29 1 = 511
=
3 i
2 i 2
4. (D) 2 2
y 1
arg (z – i + 2) = tan = 5 2 19
6 6 x2 argument = + – + =
4 3 2 6 12
x– 3y = – ( 3 + 2) , x > –2, y > 1
5
.......(i) principal argument is –
12
y3 7. (C)
arg (z + 4 – 3i) = – tan =
4 4 x4 Equation of the line is 2x – 2y = 0 i.e y = x
y + x = – 1 , x > – 4, y < 3 .......(ii) 2i (2 i) (3 i) 1 i
Now = =
so, there is no point of intersection. 3i 10 2
1 i
image is the point whose affix is
2
204
COMPLEX NUMBER
8. (C) 6
Point B has least principal argument S 3. z 6 – z 5 + z 4 – z 3 + z 2 – z + 1 = (z z )
i 1
i
Put z = – 1
45° O 6 6
B 15°
–150°
7= (1 zi ) = (1 z )
i 1
i
i 1
A
(–5, –5) S4. z3 = z i |z| |z| = 1 or |z| = 0
Thus z = 0 is a solution.
If |z| = 1, Let z = ei then ei3= e–i i
ei4 = i
5( 3 1)
AB =
2 5 9 13
4 = , , ,
2 2 2 2
OA = 5 2
5 9 13
AOB = = , , , are solutions.
12 8 8 8 8
5 In all there are 5 solutions.
Arg (z) = –
6
9. (C) 11 . (A, B)
n=1 b=0 not possible
at b b cz
z= t= n=2 either a = 0 or b = 0 not possible
t c za
n=3 a3 – ib 3 + 3a2 bi – 3ab 2
|t| = 1 t t 1
= a3 + ib3 – 3a2bi – 3ab 2
(b cz) (b c z) 2ib 3 = 3a2 bi
=1
(z a) (z a)
b2 b
=3 = 3 = tan
zz ( cc – 1) + ( cb a )z + ( cb a ) z bb aa 0 a2 a 3
12. (A, B)
10. (B)
|z – i Re (z) | = |z – Im (z)|
S1. (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0
Let z = x + iy, then
z7 + z7 + 7C1 z6 + 7C2 z5 + ...+ 1 = 0
|x + iy – ix| = | x + iy – y|
6 7 i.e. x2 + (y – x)2 = (x – y) 2 + y2
Re(z k ) = –
2
k 0 i.e. x2 = y2 i.e. y = ± x
13. (A, D)
S2. =1+i
a b c
z1 = 5+ 12i , |z2| = 4
squaring both the sides
|z1 + iz2| |z1| + |z2| = 13 + 4 = 17
2 2 2
|z1 + (1 + i) z2| ||z1| – |1 + i| |z2||
2
2 2 +2 = 2i
a b c ab bc ca = 13 – 4 2
2 2 2 min (|z1 + (1 + i) z2|) = 13 – 4 2
c a b
i.e. +2 =2i
a 2 b2 c2 abc 4
4
z2 |z2| + =4+1=5
b c z2 | z2 |
2 2 2 a
=2i + + =0
a 2 b2 c2
205
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
A(z1)
4 4
z2 | z2 | | z | = 4 – 1 = 3
z2 2
z1 13 z1 13 C(z3)
max = and min = B(z2) D
4 3 4 5 z2 z3
z2 z2
z2 z2 2
17. (D)
14. (A, D)
1
2 – 2+ 2 = 0 x+ =1
x
= 1 + i and = 1 – i
x2 – x + 1 = 0
x = cot – 1
x = – , – 2
x + = cot + i = cosec . ei
1 1
and x + = cot – i = cosec . e–i Now for x = – , P = 4000 + = – 1
4000
– = 2i Similarly for x = – 2 also p = – 1
(x ) n (x ) n for n > 1, 2n = 4k
cos ec n .[ein – e –in ]
=
n
22 = 24k = (16)k = a number with last digit = 6
2i
q=6+1=7
2isin n
n sin n Hence p+q=–1+7=6
= cosec . =
2i sin n
18. (B)
15. (A, B, C, D)
2 1 1 1 1 1 1
|z1| = 1, |z2| = 2 = + – = –
z1 z2 z3 z1 z2 z3 z1
(A) | |z 1| – 2|–z2| |z1 – 2z2| |z1| + 2 | – z2| z2 z1 z1 z3
=
|1 – 2(2)| |z1 – 2z2| 1 + 2(2) z1z2 z1z3
3 |z1 – 2z2| 5 z2 z1 z2 z 2 z1 z2
=– arg = arg
z3 z1 z3 z3 z1 z3
(B) ||z1| – |z2|| |z1 + z2| |z1| + |z2|
|1 – 2| |z1 + z2| 1 + 2
z 2 z1 z2 z2 O
1 |z1 + z2| 3 arg = ± + arg = ± + arg
z
3 1 z z
3 z3 O
(C) ||z1| – 3|z2| | |z1 – 3z2| |z1| + 3|– z2| (+ or – as applicable)
5 |z1 – 3z2| 7 Points O, A, B, C are concylic.
(D) ||z1| – |z2|| |z1 – z2| |z1| + |z2| 19. (D)
1 |z1 – z2| 3 If 3 + ix2y and x2 + y + 4i are conjugate
then x2y = – 4 and x2 + y = 3
16. (D)
x2 = 4, y = – 1
z 2 z3 x2 + y2 = 5
z 2 z3 – 2z1 2 – z1
arg = arg
z3 – z 2 z3 – z 2 20. (A)
|z2 + 2z cos| |z2| + |2zcos | < |z|2 +2|z| |cos| < ( 2 – 1)2
+2( 2 – 1) = 1
= (as AD BC)
2
( |cos | 1)
206
COMPLEX NUMBER
21. (A) s ; (B) q, r ; (C) q, t ; (D) t (D) |z1 + z2| = 2 2cos144 for minimum
(A) Put z = x + iy
5 1
Re(x + iy)2 = Re(x + iy + x – iy) = 2 cos 72° = whose greatest integer is 0.
2
x2 – y2 = 2x
or x2 – y2 – 2x = 0 23.
1. (B)
Rectangular hyperbola, eccentricity = 2
i 43
1 = 2 e
(B) For ellipse > |z1 – z2| and for straight line
13 = 23
= |z1 – z2|
2
13 1 2 2 = 23 12 2 2
i 2 12 = 1 2 2
2z – i z–
(C) =m 2 m
zi z 1 2
2. (B)
Since i is real
is pure imaginary
i
z– 3. (C)
2 i
for m = 2, =1 z– = |z + 1|
z 1 2 i
– = e 2 = i
ie, a straight line and for m 2, locus is circle 2
(1 + i) = 2(–1 + i )
(D) Let z = x + iy
x2 + y2 = 252
25. 1 (B) 2. (C) 3. (D)
– 1 + 75 z = 75x – 1 + i75y = h + ik
25. (Q. 1. to 3.)
2 2
h 1 k BM y – 0 = – 1(x – 1)
= 252
75 75 x+y=1
Locus of (h, k) is a circle u 1 = t + i(1 – t)
22. (A) (r), (B) (q, t), (C) (s), (D) (p) u = 2t + 2it (1 – t)
x = 2t and y = 2t (1 – t), where u = x + iy
z5 1
The given equation is = 0 which means that z1, z2, 1
z 1 (x – 1)2 = – 2(y – ) which is a parabola
2
z3, z4 are four out of five roots of unity except 1.
axis is x = 1 i.e. z + z = 2
4
(A) z14 + z24 + z34 + z44 + 14 = 0 z i
4
=1 directrix is y = 1 i.e. z – z = 2i
i 1
26. (4)
4
n
(B) z15 + z25 + z35 + z45 + 15 = 5 zi5 =4 1 i
2
= =1
i 1 1– i 2
(C) z4 + z3 + z2 + z + 1 = (z – z1) (z – z2) (z – z3) (z – z4). n
1 i
4 Now =1
1– i
Putting z = – 2 both the sides and we get (z
i 1
i 2) = 11
in = 1 n = 4, 8, 12,16
207
MATHS FOR JEE MAINS & ADVANCED
27. (1)
i i 1
2
(1 2 ... p) 1
p 2 p
fp () = e =e
i 1 i
1
lim f () = lim e 2 n
= e2
n n n
i
lim f n () = e 2 =1
n
28. (1)
If |z| = |z – 1| |z|2 = |z – 1|2
z z = (z – 1) ( z –1)
z+ z =1
again if |z| = |z + 1|
|z|2 = |z + 1|2 z + z = – 1 |z + z | = 1
29. (30)
|z| + |z – 1| + |2z – 3| = | z | + | z – 1| + |3 – 2z| |z + z – 1 + 3 –
2z| = 2
|z| + |z – 1| + |2z – 3| 2
=2
then 2[x] + 3 = 3[x – ]
= 3[x – 2]
2[x] + 3 = 3 ([x] – 2)
or [x] = 9, then y = 2.9 + 3 = 21
[x + y] = [x + 21] = [x] + 21 = 9 + 21 = 30
20
k
30. (7) f(x) = A0 + A x
k 1
k
20
= A k xk
k 0
6
r
f ( x) = f(x) + f(x) + f( x) + f( x) + f( x) 2 3 4
r 0
+ f(5 x) + f(6 x)
20
k
= {A x k A k (x) k A k ( 2 x) k A k (3 x) k
k 0
+ Ak(4 x)k + Ak(5 x)k + Ak(6 x)k}
20
k
= A x k (1 ()k ( 2 )k + (3)k + (4)k + (5)k + (6)k)
k 0
= A0x0 (7) + A7x7(7) + A14 x14 (7)
= 7 (A0 + A7 x7 + A14 x14)
n=7
208
You might also like
- Understanding Complex Numbers and Their PropertiesNo ratings yetUnderstanding Complex Numbers and Their Properties13 pages
- Chapter 4 Booklet-1 (Study Material Class-11 Math)No ratings yetChapter 4 Booklet-1 (Study Material Class-11 Math)16 pages
- Mathematics Gist Complex Number CLASS XINo ratings yetMathematics Gist Complex Number CLASS XI6 pages
- Understanding Complex Numbers and OperationsNo ratings yetUnderstanding Complex Numbers and Operations42 pages
- Understanding Complex Numbers and Their AlgebraNo ratings yetUnderstanding Complex Numbers and Their Algebra35 pages
- Ch3-Complex Numbers-Class 11 - Revisioin Notes With QuestionsNo ratings yetCh3-Complex Numbers-Class 11 - Revisioin Notes With Questions19 pages
- Complex Numbers: Definitions & OperationsNo ratings yetComplex Numbers: Definitions & Operations75 pages
- Understanding Complex Numbers in MathematicsNo ratings yetUnderstanding Complex Numbers in Mathematics55 pages
- Evaluating Multiple Choice Listening TestsNo ratings yetEvaluating Multiple Choice Listening Tests16 pages
- DSC 08 Paradigmatic Foundations of Psychological Inquiry100% (1)DSC 08 Paradigmatic Foundations of Psychological Inquiry168 pages
- Understanding Perception and PersonalityNo ratings yetUnderstanding Perception and Personality22 pages
- Church Planting and The Mission of The ChurchNo ratings yetChurch Planting and The Mission of The Church6 pages
- Effect of Different Types of Anesthesia On.23 PDFNo ratings yetEffect of Different Types of Anesthesia On.23 PDF5 pages
- Countering The 10 Most Common Excuses For Corrupt Behaviour: A Pocket Guide For Business PractitionersNo ratings yetCountering The 10 Most Common Excuses For Corrupt Behaviour: A Pocket Guide For Business Practitioners32 pages
- Johns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines (2nd Edition) RNNo ratings yetJohns Hopkins Evidence-Based Practice Model and Guidelines (2nd Edition) RN10 pages
- Divine Revelation: The Living Word: The Revelation of God's Love, Second Edition100% (1)Divine Revelation: The Living Word: The Revelation of God's Love, Second Edition12 pages
- Thinkers Sociology Compiled - Nitin SangwanNo ratings yetThinkers Sociology Compiled - Nitin Sangwan38 pages
- (Ebook) The Essential Dogen by Kazuaki Tanahashi, Peter Levitt ISBN 9780834828476, 0834828472 Online VersionNo ratings yet(Ebook) The Essential Dogen by Kazuaki Tanahashi, Peter Levitt ISBN 9780834828476, 0834828472 Online Version337 pages
