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Constructivism and International
Relations
Alexander Wendt and his critics
This new book unites in one volume some of the most prominent critiques of Alexander
Wendt’s constructivist theory of international relations and includes the first
comprehensive reply by Wendt.
Partly reprints of benchmark articles, partly new original critiques, the critical chapters
are informed by a wide array of contending theories ranging from realism to
poststructuralism. The collected leading theorists critique Wendt’s seminal book Social
Theory of International Politics and his subsequent revisions. They take issue with the
full panoply of Wendt’s approach, such as his alleged positivism, his critique of the
realist school, the conceptualisation of identity, and his teleological theory of history.
Wendt’s reply is not limited to a rebuttal only. For the first time, he develops his recent
idea of a quantum social science, as well as its implications for theorising international
relations.
This unique volume will be a necessary companion to Wendt’s book for students and
researchers seeking a better understanding of his work, and also offers one of the most
up-to-date collections on constructivist theorising.
Stefano Guzzini is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies,
Copenhagen, and Professor of Government at Uppsala University, Sweden.
Anna Leander is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and
Public Management at the University of Southern Denmark, and Associate Professor of
International Political Economy at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark.
The New International Relations
Edited by Barry Buzan, London School of Economics
and Richard Little, University of Bristol

The field of international relations has changed dramatically in recent years. This new
series will cover the major issues that have emerged and reflect the latest academic
thinking in this particularly dynamic area.

International Law, Rights and Politics


Developments in Eastern Europe and the CIS
Rein Mullerson

The Logic of Internationalism


Coercion and accommodation
Kjell Goldmann

Russia and the Idea of Europe


A study in identity and international relations
Iver B.Neumann

The Future of International Relations


Masters in the making?
Edited by Iver B.Neumann and Ole Wæver

Constructing the World Polity


Essays on international institutionalization
John Gerard Ruggie

Realism in International Relations and International Political Economy


The continuing story of a death foretold
Stefano Guzzini

International Relations, Political Theory and the Problem of Order


Beyond international relations theory?
N.J.Rengger

War, Peace and World Orders in European History


Edited by Anja V.Hartmann and Beatrice Heuser

European Integration and National Identity


The challenge of the Nordic states
Edited by Lene Hansen and Ole Wæver

Shadow Globalization, Ethnic Conflicts and New Wars


A political economy of intra-state war
Edited by Dietrich Jung

Contemporary Security Analysis and Copenhagen Peace Research


Edited by Stefano Guzzini and Dietrich Jung

Observing International Relations


Niklas Luhmann and world politics
Edited by Mathias Albert and Lena Hilkermeier

Does China Matter? A Reassessment


Essays in memory of Gerald Segal
Edited by Barry Buzan and Rosemary Foot

European Approaches to International Relations Theory


A house with many mansions
Jörg Friedrichs

The Post-Cold War International System


Strategies, institutions and reflexivity
Ewan Harrison

States of Political Discourse


Words, regimes, seditions
Costas M.Constantinou

The Politics of Regional Identity


Meddling with the Mediterranean
Michelle Pace

The Power of International Theory


Reforging the link to foreign policy-making through scientific enquiry
Fred Chernoff

Africa and the North


Between globalization and marginalization
Edited by Ulf Engel and Gorm Rye Olsen

Communitarian International Relations


The epistemic foundations of international relations
Emanuel Adler
Human Rights and World Trade
Hunger in international society
Ana Gonzalez-Pelaez

Liberalism and the War


The victors and the vanquished
Andrew Williams

Constructivism and International Relations


Alexander Wendt and his critics
Edited by Stefano Guzzini and Anna Leander

Security as Practice
Discourse analysis and the Bosnian War
Lene Hansen

The Politics of Insecurity


Fear, migration and assylum in the EU
Jef Huysmans
Constructivism and International
Relations
Alexander Wendt and his critics

Edited by
Stefano Guzzini and Anna Leander

LONDON AND NEW YORK


First published 2006 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX 14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York,
NY 10016

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group


This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.
© 2006 Stefano Guzzini and Anna Leander for selection and editorial matter,
individual contributors, their contributions.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from
the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Constructivism and international relations:
Alexander Wendt and his critics/edited by Stefano Guzzini and Anna Leander. p. cm.—(The new
international relations) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. International relations-
Sociological aspects. 2. International relations-Philosophy. 3. Wendt, Alexander, 1966- I. Guzzini,
Stefano. II. Leander, Anna. III. Series. JZ1251.C66 2006 327.1′01–dc22 2005014086

ISBN 0-203-40188-3 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 10:0-415-33271-0 (Print Edition)


ISBN 13:9-78-0-415-33271-2 (Print Edition)
Für Else
Visit https://ebookgate.com today to explore
a vast collection of ebooks across various
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all devices. Enjoy a seamless reading
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Plus, don’t miss out on exciting offers that
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Contents

List of contributors xi
Series editor’s preface xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xxi

1 The constructivist challenge to structural realism: a review essay 1


DALE C.COPELAND
2 Constructing a new orthodoxy? Wendt’s Social Theory of International 21
Politics and the constructivist challenge
FRIEDRICH KRATOCHWIL
3 Grand Theory in the age of its impossibility: contemplations on 48
Alexander Wendt
ANDREAS BEHNKE
4 Wendt, IR, and philosophy: a critique 57
HIDEMI SUGANAMI
5 Wendt’s constructivism: a relentless quest for synthesis 73
STEFANO GUZZINI AND ANNA LEANDER
6 Constructivism and identity: a dangerous liaison 92
MAJA ZEHFUSS
7 Endogenizing corporate identities: the next step in constructivist IR 117
theory
LARS-ERIK CEDERMAN AND CHRISTOPHER DAASE
8 Reflexivity and structural change 138
PETR DRULÁK
9 No place for politics? Truth, progress and the neglected role of 158
diplomacy in Wendt’s theory of history
KATALIN SÁRVÁRY
10 Social Theory as Cartesian science: an auto-critique from a quantum 178
perspective
ALEXANDER WENDT

References 217
Index 236
Contributors

Andreas Behnke teaches international politics at Towson University, Maryland. He has


published in Alternatives, Cooperation & Conflict, Millennium: Journal of
International Studies, and Zeitschrift für Internationale Beziehungen. His research
interests include International Relations theory, critical security studies, political
geography, and the concept of the political in contemporary international politics.
Lars-Erik Cederman is Professor of International Conflict Research at the Swiss
Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich. He obtained a PhD in political science from
the University of Michigan in 1994 and has since taught at the Graduate Institute of
International Studies in Geneva, Oxford, UCLA, and Harvard. He is editor of
Constructing Europe’s Identity: The External Dimension (Lynne Rienner, 2001) and
the author of Emergent Actors in World Politics: How States and Nations Develop and
Dissolve (Princeton University Press, 1997). He is also the author and co-author of
articles in scholarly journals such as the American Political Science Review, European
Journal of International Relations, International Organization, International Studies
Quarterly, Journal of Conflict Resolution, and Proceedings of the National Academy
of Sciences. His main research interests include computational modelling,
International Relations theory, nationalism, integration and disintegration processes,
and historical sociology.
Dale C.Copeland is author of The Origins of Major War (Cornell University Press,
2000), which examines the link between the rise and decline of great powers and the
outbreak of devastating system-wide wars and the crises that increase the risk of such
wars. He is currently working on a second book entitled Economic Interdependence
and International Conflict. This project considers the conditions under which inter-
state trade leads to either war or peace. Other research interests include the origins of
economic interdependence between great powers, the realist-constructivist divide, and
the logic of reputation-building. Among his recent articles are: ‘A Realist Critique of
the English School’ (Review of International Studies, June 2003); ‘Economic
Interdependence and War’ (International Security, Spring 1996); and ‘Trade
Expectations and the Outbreak of Peace’ (Security Studies, autumn 1999-winter 2000).
He is the recipient of numerous awards, notably MacArthur and Mellon fellowships
and a post-doctoral fellowship at the Center for Science and International Affairs,
Harvard University.
Christopher Daase is Professor of International Relations at the Geschwister Scholl
Institute of Political Studies, Munich University, Germany. He previously served as
Director of the Programme in International Conflict Analysis at the Brussels School of
International Studies. He received his PhD from the Free University Berlin for a
dissertation on ‘Small Wars: How Unconventional War Changes International
Politics’. His teaching and research interests centre on International Relations theory,
international security and conflict regulation.
Petr Drulák is Director of the Institute of International Relations in Prague. He has
published on theory of International Relations, European integration, and EU
enlargement in a number of Czech and international publications (including Journal of
International Relations and Development and Journal of European Public Policy). He
is the author of the first Czech textbook on theories of International Relations (2003).
In 2003–4, he was Jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute in
Florence.
Stefano Guzzini received his doctorate from the European University Institute, Florence.
He is Senior Researcher at the Danish Institute for International Studies and Professor
in the Department of Government at Uppsala University, Sweden. He previously
taught at Central European University, Budapest (1994–2002), and worked at the late
Copenhagen Peace Research Institute (2000–3). He is the author of Realism in
International Relations and International Political Economy (Routledge, 1998) and is
currently working on Power and International Relations (Cambridge University
Press). Together with Milan Brglez he edits the Journal of International Relations and
Development.
Friedrich Kratochwil studied classics, philosophy and political science in Munich and
received as a Fulbright scholar an MD in international politics from Georgetown
University (1969) and a PhD from Princeton (1976). He taught at Maryland,
Princeton, Columbia, Delaware, and Pennsylvania, before returning (1995) to
Germany and taking the chair in International Politics at the European University
Institute in Florence (2002). He has published widely on International Relations, social
theory, international organization, and international law in US and European journals.
His latest book (edited with Edward Mansfield) is entitled International Organization
and Global Governance (New York: Pearson Longman, 2005). Presently he is
working on a manuscript entitled The Practice of (Inter)national Politics.
Anna Leander is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science at the
University of Southern Denmark, Odense, and Associate Professor of International
Political Economy at Copenhagen Business School, Denmark. She received her PhD
from the European University Institute, Florence, worked at Central European
University, Budapest (1995–2003), and at the late Copenhagen Peace Research
Institute (2000–4). She is the author of a number of articles in refereed journals. Her
current research focuses on private authority in world politics.
Katalin Sárváry recently received her PhD in International Relations from the Central
European University, Budapest. Her research examines the promise of a dialogue on
diplomacy between classical and constructivist theories of practice.
Hidemi Suganami is Professor in the Department of International Politics at the
University of Wales, Aberystwyth. His major publications are The Domestic Analogy
and World Order Proposals (Cambridge University Press, 1989) and On the Causes of
War (Oxford University Press, 1996). With Andrew Linklater, he has recently
completed a book-length project on the English School of International Relations.
Alexander Wendt received his PhD from the University of Minnesota in 1989. His
research interests lie at the intersection of International Relations, social theory, and
philosophy of social science. He is the author of Social Theory of International
Politics (Cambridge University Press, 1999) and a number of articles in refereed
journals. He is currently Professor at the Ohio State University, and taught previously
at the University of Chicago, Dartmouth College, and Yale University.
Maja Zehfuss is Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of Warwick.
She is the author of Constructivism in International Relations: The Politics of Reality
(Cambridge University Press, 2002). She currently works on war, memory and the
politics of ethics.
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