Smart Irrigation System

2022 1st International Conference on Sustainable Technology for Power and Energy Systems (STPES) | 978-1-6654-5915-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/STPES54845.2022.10006434

Engineering (SEEE)
Bharanikapula Yaswanth Sri Sai Chinnaankannagari Bharath Kumar
Lovely Professional University
Murthy Reddy
line 4: Phagwara, India.
School of Electronics and Electrical School of Electronics and Electrical
[email protected]
Engineering (SEEE) Engineering (SEEE)
Lovely Professional University Lovely Professional University Manoj Sindhwani
Phagwara, India. Phagwara, India. School of Electronics and Electrical
bharanikapulayaswanthofficial@gma [email protected] Engineering (SEEE)
il.com Lovely Professional University
Shaik Jilani
Phagwara, India.
School of Electronics and Electrical
[email protected]

Abstract— In almost every activity related to irrigation, equipment, we can make it happen. Especially we have
watering plants or crops is the most important activity and taken the help of soil moisture sensor detects the moisture
most people are busy watering the plants daily. In the case of value of the soil which leads the farmer to turn on/off of the
farmers, rainwater plays a very important role in irrigation. pumping motor and in the controlled outcome, results in
Water supply is crucial in irritation, most of the time farmers
water and time saving of the farmer. We know that
depend on the monsoon rains, canals, and groundwater
resources. Using ordinary irrigation methods, the farmer has Agriculture makes a huge industrial and financial growth in
to work on creating a careful way to supply water to water the our country. In that case, we have the responsibility on us to
crops properly, which changes from crop to crop type and in keep the growth constant and sustainable. But the only
case of insufficient amount of watering, which can lead to the problem is water because plants need water regularly. In
destruction of the crops or plants. To provide a proper or some areas, there is a huge water demand. In all the fields
necessary amount of water at all times considering a farmer’s we know, technology has improved and had a great impact
situation, a smart water irrigation system is useful for on them. In some agricultural cases, the farmer even doesn’t
maintaining crop irrigation. In the case of some house gardens, know when water will come. In this case, we have to
the problem is when we travel on business trips or family trips
implement a smart irrigation idea to keep the morale going
far away for some time, then it is a problem to water the
plants. This problem can be also solved using a smart high and positive. To overcome this kind of crisis we have
irrigation system. Automation is a technological procedure done a project, which will detect the soil moisture level and
through which an action is done with minimum or no human makes the delay pumping the field accordingly. It makes the
interaction and is capable of repetition with the same amount system more efficient and convenient. Suppose if there is
of accuracy. The challenge is to help or aid in the development rain then the rain sensor detects the reading if the reading is
of a plant and help reduce costs like water and power more than the threshold value then the pump will remain
consumption, the idea of using a smart irrigation system that shut which results in a huge saving of water and farmers’
helps in the management of water. This smart irrigation time. Outside water investment funds can be accomplished
system is applicable for making the automation of gardens,
utilizing shrewd water system innovations. Savvy water
nurseries, and greenhouses. We supply a small but necessary
amount of water for a plant when certain conditions are met. system regulators and sensors have been created to decrease
This way we can save energy while minimizing any water open-air water use by inundating given plant water needs
shortages. contrasted with customary programmed framework clocks,
which flood on a client-decided fixed plan. Why brilliant
Keywords— Smart irrigation system framework, Raspberry water system is created because it helps in insignificant
Pi, Soil moisture sensor. wastage of water. It permits reinvesting in better than ever
innovations that guarantee economical and dependable
I. INTRODUCTION water systems over the long haul.
Watering system is the artificial application of water for the II. LITERATURE REVIEW
progress of harvest creation in the field. This field has been
the central medium for food purposes over decades and We are looking for a literature review on Smart Irrigation
decades. The primary subject of this project is to make the Systems, they can be described as Monitoring Systems to
water system easier and smart. This project is the needs of remove most of the human involvement.
the pattern to change the irrigation from manual method to
smart irrigation, with the help of smart sensors and electrical

978-1-6654-5915-0/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE

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Many types of research have been done to improve frequent monitoring. Hence, It is idle for our
monitoring systems like IoT gadgets, microcontrollers, project assumptions.
raspberry pi, etc. The aim is to improve the monitoring
system through monitoring weather and other external
conditions. A. Research Gap:
The smart irrigation system can differ from each irrigation
method, they are: Sprinkler irrigation, Surface irrigation, A soil moisture sensor is used to sense the soil’s moisture
and Drop irrigation method. Each irrigation method has its level value. If the soil gets dry, the sensor senses a low
pros and cons. moisture level and switches on the water pump to supply
water to the plant. If the soil gets sufficient water then the
• Sprinkler Irrigation: In sprinkler irrigation pumps soil gets wet, and the sensor senses enough moisture value
in the soil. After which the water pump will get stopped.
water into waterways (a criss-cross of pipes) and
then sprinkles water onto the fields and the water A rain sensor is used to sense the rainy weather in the field
droplets fall to the ground. which has water in it. As we know rain weather cannot be
Pros: The sprinkler water system is an irrigation predicted which can sometimes damage the crops due to
strategy that copies normal precipitation. It is also a watering over the limit or waterlogging and pumps consume
cleaning process helping the plant or trees to be huge amounts of power. Hence, using a rain sensor can
clean as dust prevents some portions of create two situations to work, one with rainy weather and
photosynthesis. one with sunny weather or other weather. We can turn off
Cons: Sprinkler irrigation systems required a large the water pump in case of rainy weather.
amount of water and are suitable for some fruits
III. BLOCK DIAGRAM
and vegetables plants and trees.

• Surface Irrigation: Surface Irrigation is the most

widely recognized type of watering system found,
in which water is permitted to stream into little
channels all through the fields. It is a widely used
irrigation method in many counties like India,
China, Japan, etc.
Pros: It is risky but profitable in growing huge
amounts of food.
Cons: Surface Irrigation usually requires huge
amounts of water and constant monitoring. It is Fig.1. Block diagram

used in huge fields of crops like paddy and wheat. This project’s main aim is to automate the water flow
This approach is not very efficient since it can under certain temperatures and soil moisture values.
make a waterlogging situation, which can slow Raspberry pi is the main component of this project and
down a plant’s development. operates on a version of the Linux operative system called
Raspbian. This block diagram explains the components that
are used in this project. i.e; Raspberry pi, Rain sensor, soil
• Drip Irrigation: This sort of watering system is moisture sensor, Temperature sensor, Relays, Motor, LCD
involved in limited quantities of water accessibility display 16*2, and GSM Module.
in a locale, drip irrigation is an extremely effective
type of water system. A drip irrigation method
intends to reduce the usage of water and avoid any
water shortage situation. It is a common method of IV. FLOW CHART
irrigation in dry region countries.
Pros: Drip Irrigation can be utilized for any sort of
soil and backing a wide scope of plant species. The
motivation behind utilizing the Drip water system
technique is that the idea is more helpful and is
utilized frequently for plant development. Overall
water system techniques, Drip Irrigation utilizes a
minimal measure of water.
Cons: Drip Irrigation requires time to set up and is
idle in a contained or closed area to remove
external factors such as insects and animals.
Out of all three irrigation systems, drip irrigation
requires less amount of water and doesn’t require

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 Fig. 2. Flow Chart Pin. No.7 to 14 Data Pin: These pins are utilized to send
information to the screen.

V. COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION

A. Raspberry Pi:
The Raspberry Pi is a minimal expense, little estimated PC
which can be worked plugging into any PC compatible
screen and it likewise utilizes any standard keyboard and
mouse. It can do absolutely everything you would expect a
real PC could do, from making bookkeeping sheets to
perusing the web and a video player.

The average PC user uses Windows or MacOS but raspberry

pi uses a Linux operating system version called raspbian and
also not all raspberry pi are the same, they have different Fig. 4. LCD Display
versions on what type of raspberry pi we are using.
Examples are Raspberry pi zero, Raspberry pi Model A
series, & Raspberry pi Model B series. C. Motor Drive:
We use motor drives to control pumps, it depends on what
All raspberry pis send & receive data using GPIO pins kind of motor we are using as a pump. The motor/pump is
(General Purpose Input/Output pins). For our project, we used to pump water. For simulation, we are going to use a
have the raspberry pi 3. simple motor with relays.

D. Soil Moisture Sensor:

A soil moisture sensor is utilized to distinguish changes in

the soil moisture values. We utilize this sensor to check to
assume that the plant or yield is evaporating. Soil Moisture
Sensor Operates from 3.3V to 5V DC at 15mA. The Digital
Output goes from 0V to 5V and the analog output from 0V
to 5V. A Soil moisture sensor comprises two parts. They are
The Probe and The module.

The Probe goes about as a variable resistor which means its

Fig .3. Raspberry pi 3 resistance fluctuates following the soil moisture value. The
module gives out a resultant voltage following the resistance
B. LCD display: of the probe and is made accessible at an analog output pin.
Here we are using an LCD 16x2 display. LCD 16x2 is a 16-
pin device which 2 rows that can contain 16 characters in
each row. It is used to display messages that the system
sends.

Fig. 5. Soil Moisture Sensor

• Important Pins:
Pin. No.4 Register Select: This pin toggles to perform either E. Rain sensor:
command mode or data register mode which is connected to
the device, and obtains either ‘0’ which is data register A rain sensor is utilized to detect the rainy climate in the
mode, or ‘1’ which is command mode. field. The sensor is intended to identify downpours. The
Pin. No.5 Read & Write: This pin flips the screen to one or sensor comprises of a progression of uncovered copper
the other read or composes activity which is associated with traces, among which five are utilized to follow power and
a gadget pin to get either '0' which is Write Operation or '1' the other five are utilized to detect follows. These follow are
which is Read Operation. organized with the goal that there will generally be one to
Pin. No.6 Enable: This pin ought to be held high to execute detect follow between two power follows. Whenever the
the Read or Write process which is associated with the sensor is in the air or comparable circumstances, these traces
gadget and ceaselessly held high. are not associated yet when lowered they are connected by
water.

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Important pins: Pin. No.1 Signal: This is the analog output G. Temperature sensor:
pin that is being associated with one of the simple We are going to check the temperature throughout the
contributions to your gadget. process. Temperature such as LM35DZ, etc. The
temperature can make us more aware of the situation and
cases to work on.
VI. CONCLUSION
The smart irrigation system framework was planned to
detect the soil’s moisture value, and temperature value.
There are four useful parts. They are soil moisture sensors,
rain sensors, and motor/pumps. We likewise added a GSM
module to get SMS about the situation with the machine.
We are involving a GSM module as it just requires
negligible association with imparting in rustic regions.

In the first place, raspberry pi gets a signal from the rain

Fig .6. Rain sensor module sensor to keep an eye on the climate then the soil moisture
sensor is utilized to detect the soil moisture value. A motor
is utilized to supply water to plants. The proper measure of s
soil moisture value and atmospheric conditions are as of
F. GSM Module: now set into the raspberry pi prior to beginning the
The mobile communications are two types, i.e; GSM and framework. This undertaking expects to furnish a
CDMA. We are going to be using a GSM module. GSM’s programmed smart irrigation system with the assistance of a
full form is Global Systems for Mobile. GSM is made up of soil moisture sensor and rain sensor which can decrease the
small subsystems like Mobile stations (MS), Base station water and power utilization by utilizing this technique and
subsystems (BSS), Network and switching subsystems abstaining from any overwatering.
(NSS), and Operating subsystems (OSS).

A GSM Module communications with the device REFERENCES

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