Mechanical Vibrations
MEC4110
Unit II
Part 1
Dr. Arshad Hussain Khan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Zakir Husain College of Engg. & Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Part 1
Contents
• Single DOF System subjected to Harmonic Force
➢ Governing Equation
➢ Response
Part 1
Undamped system: c = 0
x (t) = xh (t) + xp (t)
xh (t) = A1 cos nt + A2 sin nt
Natural frequency
Exciting force F(t) is harmonic so the particular solution xp (t) is also harmonic and has the same
frequency “ ”
xp (t) = X cos t Where X is an constant denoting the maximum amplitude of xp (t)
Denotes deflection of the mass under a force
F0 and called static deflection
𝑭𝟎
x (t) =A1 cos nt + A2 sin nt + cos𝝎𝒕
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐
Initial conditions
𝑭𝟎 𝒙ሶ 𝟎
A1= x0 - ; A2=
𝒌−𝒎𝝎𝟐 n
Magnification factor,
Part 1 𝑋
Amplification factor, or It is the ratio of the dynamic to the static amplitude ( )
𝛿𝑠𝑡
Amplitude ratio:
Beating Phenomenon
If the forcing frequency is close to, but not exactly equal to, the natural frequency of the
system, a phenomenon known as beating may occur. In this kind of vibration, the
amplitude builds up and then diminishes in a regular pattern
If Initial conditions are: 𝑥 𝑡 = 0 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥ሶ 𝑡 = 0 = 0
Leads to:
If the forcing frequency be slightly less than the natural frequency
x (t) represents vibration with period 2𝜋Τ𝜔 and of variable amplitude equal to
The amplitude builds up and dies down
continuously. The time between the points
of zero amplitude or the points of
maximum amplitude is called the period of
beating and is given by
Frequency of beating is
Response of a Damped System Under Harmonic Force
If the forcing function is given by the equation of motion becomes
Using Trigonometric relations
Squaring and adding
Typical plots of the forcing function and (steady-state) response
By making proper substitution the amplitude ratio and the phase can be represented as:
𝑀 = 𝑋ൗ𝛿𝑠𝑡 is called the magnification factor, amplification factor, or amplitude ratio.
• For an undamped system M ∞ as r 1
• Any amount of damping reduces the magnification factor (M) for all values of the
forcing frequency.
• For any specified value of r, a higher value of damping reduces the value of M.
• The reduction in M in the presence of damping is very significant at or near resonance.
• The amplitude of forced vibration becomes smaller with increasing values of the forcing
frequency
Thank you and
queries?
Mechanical Vibrations
MEC4110
Unit II
Part 1
Dr. Arshad Hussain Khan
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Zakir Husain College of Engg. & Technology
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh
Part 2
Contents
• Base Motion
➢ Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic
Motion of the Base
➢ Response
Giving excitation to the base is equivalent to
applying a harmonic force of magnitude A to the
mass
Steady-state response of the mass
Using Trigonometric relations we can represent the steady state response as:
Where:
The ratio of the amplitude of the response (𝑥𝑝 (𝑡)) to that of the base motion y(t), 𝑿Τ𝒀 is called
the displacement transmissibility
Aspects of displacement transmissibility 𝑻𝒅 = 𝑿Τ𝒀
Force Transmitted
A force, F, is transmitted to the base or support due to the reactions from the spring and the
dashpot
Where 𝑭𝑻 is the amplitude or maximum value of
the force transmitted to the base
The ratio 𝐹𝑇ൗ𝑘𝑌 is known as the force transmissibility
Relative Motion
If z = x - y denotes the motion of the mass relative to the base
The steady-state solution is:
where Z, the amplitude of z(t), can be expressed as
Response Under Rotating Unbalance
Governing Eqn.
Particular Soln.
The force transmitted to the
foundation due to rotating
unbalanced force (F) can be found
as
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