Reading and listening comprehensions – zoo animals&pets

READING
Are Zoos Ethical? Balancing Human Care with Curiosity.
Why Good Zoos Matter

Zoos have changed a lot over the years. In the past, they were often just places where wild
animals were locked up for people to look at. But modern zoos are very different. Today,
many zoos focus on animal welfare, conservation, and education. Still, the question remains:
Are zoos ethical?

Let’s look at some of the reasons why many experts believe good zoos are not only ethical—
but necessary.

1. Animal Care and Welfare

It’s true that not all zoos are good. Some have poor conditions, and animals suffer there. But
many modern zoos in the UK, Europe, and other developed countries follow strict rules. They
must pass inspections, care for the animals’ health, and meet high standards to stay open.
In a good zoo, animals receive excellent care. They get regular meals with proper nutrition,
medical treatment for injuries or diseases, and protection from predators or harsh weather. In
the wild, many animals die from hunger, injury, or illness. Life in the wild is not always easy
or peaceful. In some cases, animals in zoos may even have a better quality of life than in the
wild.

2. Conservation: Saving Species from Extinction

Today, many animal species are in danger because of habitat loss, climate change, and human
activity. Zoos play an important role in protecting these species. They keep animals safe in
captivity, where they can breed and survive even if wild populations disappear.

Some animals are now only alive because they were protected and bred in zoos. Others have
been returned to the wild after being raised in zoos. Although not every reintroduction is
successful, it shows the potential of zoos to help endangered animals recover.

Zoos also act as a “backup” in case a species goes extinct in the wild. They provide a safe
place to study, protect, and possibly reintroduce animals in the future.

3. Education and Awareness

Many people—especially those in cities—may never see a tiger, elephant, or giraffe in the
wild. Zoos give them the chance to observe and learn about these animals up close. This
experience helps people, especially children, connect with nature and understand the
importance of protecting wildlife.

Modern zoos also offer educational talks, signs, and activities. These help visitors learn more
about the animals, their natural habitats, and what they can do to support conservation efforts.

4. Scientific Research

Zoos provide a valuable space for scientists to study animals. Researchers can observe
animals’ behaviour, learn about their biology, and develop better ways to protect them. This
knowledge can then be used to help animals in the wild.
For example, learning how animals reproduce or what kinds of food they need can help
protect them in nature. Studies in zoos also help conservationists plan better strategies for
moving or caring for animals in national parks or protected areas.

5. Captivity vs. Freedom: A Complex Issue

Some people believe that keeping animals in captivity is always wrong. But this issue is not
black and white. There is a wide range of environments, from small cages to large open
wildlife parks. The idea of “captivity” can be flexible.

Also, animals in the wild face many dangers—predators, hunger, disease, and harsh climates.
Zoos can protect them from many of these problems. While zoos do limit animals' freedom,
they can also give them safety, comfort, and care.

Conclusion: Why Good Zoos Are Important

No zoo is perfect, and bad zoos should be improved or shut down. But good zoos play a vital
role in today’s world. They help protect endangered species, educate the public, and support
scientific research. They also provide safe and caring environments for animals that may not
survive in the wild.

In a time when many animal species are in danger, good zoos may be one of the best tools we
have to protect them. Instead of asking whether zoos should exist, we should ask: How can
we make all zoos better for animals and people alike?

Without good zoos, our connection to wildlife—and the future of many species—would be at
greater risk.

Comprehension:

A. Multiple Choice (Choose the best answer)

1. What is the main idea of the article?

a) All zoos should be closed.
b) Zoos are only for entertainment.
c) Good zoos can help protect animals and educate people.
d) Animals should never live in captivity.
 2. According to the article, what is one benefit animals receive in a good zoo?
a) They are trained to perform tricks.
b) They live with humans as pets.
c) They are safe from predators and diseases.
d) They are given complete freedom to roam.
3. Why are zoos important for conservation?
a) They sell rare animals to make money.
b) They allow people to hunt animals safely.
c) They provide a safe place for endangered species to breed.
d) They teach animals how to survive in cities.

B. True or False

Write T (True) or F (False) for each statement.

4. ___ The article says all zoos provide good conditions for animals.
5. ___ Zoos are useful for studying animal behaviour and biology.
6. ___ Watching animals on TV is exactly the same as seeing them in real life.
7. ___ Some animals are alive today only because of breeding in zoos.
8. ___ The article believes that freedom in the wild is always better than life in a zoo.

C. Short Answer

Answer the following questions in 1–2 sentences.

9. What are some dangers that wild animals face that zoo animals usually don’t?

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10. How can zoos help educate the public about wildlife and conservation?

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11. What does the article say about the idea of captivity—is it always negative?

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12. Why is research in zoos important for animals in the wild?

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D. Discussion

13. Do you agree with the idea that good zoos are important for animals and people? Why
or why not?

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14. What do you think makes a zoo “good”? What should we look for?

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15. If you were in charge of a zoo, what would you do to make sure the animals are happy
and healthy?

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Vocabulary

General Zoo Vocabulary

Word Definition
Zoo A place where animals are kept for public display and education
Enclosure A space surrounded by barriers where animals live in a zoo
Captivity The condition of being kept in a zoo or not living freely in the wild
Habitat The natural environment where an animal or plant normally lives
Wildlife Animals living in their natural environment, not with humans
Exhibit A part of the zoo where certain animals are shown to visitors

Animal Welfare and Ethics

Word Definition
Welfare The health, happiness, and well-being of animals or people
Ethical Morally right or wrong; connected to what is fair or just
 Word Definition
Animal rights The belief that animals deserve fair treatment and protection
Veterinary care Medical treatment and health support for animals
Sanctuary A safe place where animals are protected and well cared for

Conservation and Environment

Word Definition
Conservation Protecting animals, plants, and natural environments
Endangered At risk of disappearing completely (extinction)
Extinction The complete disappearance of a species
Breeding animals in controlled environments like zoos to increase population
Captive breeding
numbers
Reintroduction Returning animals from captivity back to their natural habitat
Ecosystem A community of living things interacting with their environment

Scientific and Educational Terms

Word Definition
Research A careful study to discover new facts or knowledge
Species A group of animals or plants that are similar and can breed together
Behaviour The way an animal acts or responds to its environment
Observation The act of watching something carefully to learn about it
Outreach Programs to educate or involve the public in an issue

Gap Fill

enclosure – captivity – endangered – extinction – conservation – ecosystem – exhibit –

sanctuary – habitat – research

Complete the sentences with the correct word.

 1. Pandas are __________ animals, and zoos help protect them from disappearing.
2. The polar bear was resting in its cold, spacious __________.
3. Many zoos have a special __________ where injured or rescued animals can recover
safely.
4. Scientists are doing important __________ on how climate change affects animal
behaviour.
5. The forest is the natural __________ for many species of birds and insects.
6. Deforestation can destroy an entire __________, affecting all animals and plants in it.
7. The zoo’s new lion __________ allows visitors to see the animals up close.
8. Some animals live in __________ because they can’t survive in the wild.
9. The black rhino was close to __________ before conservation programs helped
increase its numbers.
10. __________ efforts include protecting animal habitats and stopping illegal hunting.

Multiple Choice

1. What is the term for a protected place where animals are kept and displayed to the
public?
A) Sanctuary
B) Enclosure
C) Zoo
D) Habitat
2. What word describes animals that are at serious risk of disappearing forever?
A) Rescued
B) Endangered
C) Observed
D) Domesticated
3. An __________ is a space in a zoo designed to keep animals in a safe and visible area.
A) Exhibit
B) Ecosystem
C) Enclosure
D) Captivity
4. Which word refers to a group of living organisms and their environment working
together as a system?
 A) Habitat
B) Exhibit
C) Ecosystem
D) Conservation
5. What is the natural home of an animal called?
A) Enclosure
B) Habitat
C) Captivity
D) Sanctuary
6. If a species no longer exists anywhere on Earth, it has reached:
A) Extinction
B) Enclosure
C) Protection
D) Evolution
7. A zoo’s __________ helps people learn about rare and interesting animals.
A) Exhibit
B) Ecosystem
C) Habitat
D) Sanctuary
8. The condition of living under human control instead of in the wild is called:
A) Sanctuary
B) Captivity
C) Territory
D) Freedom
9. A __________ is a place where injured, sick, or rescued animals can live safely.
A) Habitat
B) Enclosure
C) Sanctuary
D) Ecosystem
10. What is the act of protecting nature and endangered species from harm or destruction?
A) Domestication
B) Exploration
C) Observation
D) Conservation
Matching Definitions

🔸 Column A – Vocabulary

1. Habitat
2. Endangered
3. Captivity
4. Sanctuary
5. Extinction
6. Enclosure
7. Conservation
8. Ecosystem
9. Exhibit
10. Research
11. Welfare
12. Species

🔸 Column B – Definitions

A. A safe place where animals are protected, especially if they are injured or threatened
B. A display or area in a zoo where animals can be viewed by visitors
C. The health, safety, and happiness of animals or people
D. A group of similar animals or plants that can breed with each other
E. A space in a zoo or reserve surrounded by barriers where animals are kept
F. A serious situation where a species may soon disappear from the Earth
G. The study and investigation of a subject to learn new information
H. When an animal lives under human control, not free in the wild
I. The complete disappearance of a type of animal or plant
J. All the living things in an area and how they interact with their environment
K. The natural environment where an animal or plant normally lives
L. The protection and careful management of the environment and natural resources

Short Writing

Choose one topic and write 3–5 sentences or prepare to speak about it.
 1. Describe an enclosure you saw at a zoo. Was it well designed?

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2. What is an example of an endangered species? Why is it endangered?

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3. Why are sanctuaries important for some animals?

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4. What can people do to help with conservation?

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LISTENING

[Link]

Part A: Multiple Choice

1. What is one reason people originally kept animals, according to the video?
a) To protect endangered species
b) For scientific research
c) To show power and status
d) To educate children
2. According to the video, how were animals often kept in early zoos?
a) In large, naturalistic enclosures
 b) In barren, cage-like spaces
c) In the wild near cities
d) In underground facilities
3. What major shift in thinking about animals is mentioned?
a) Animals are best studied in labs
b) Animals have no emotions
c) Animals are seen as intelligent beings with needs
d) Animals should all be released
4. What is the main educational benefit of modern zoos, according to the speakers?
a) Entertainment for the whole family
b) Teaching children how to train animals
c) Helping people understand how their actions affect the wild
d) Making people want to own exotic pets
5. What does the term “insurance populations” mean in the video?
a) Animals that are too valuable to be shown to the public
b) Captive animals that may help save species from extinction
c) Animals used for insurance company logos
d) Populations that cost too much to maintain

🔹 Part B: Short Answer (Answer in 1–2 sentences)

6. Why do some people argue that zoos are no longer necessary?

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7. How is technology, such as virtual reality, changing the way people can learn about
animals?

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8. What is one criticism mentioned in the video about how much money zoos contribute
to conservation?
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9. According to the video, why do some zoos still offer poor living conditions for
animals?

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10. What is the speaker's vision of a future where zoos are not needed?

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🔹 Part C: Writing

11. Do you think virtual experiences could ever fully replace real zoos? Why or why not?

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12. What do you think makes a zoo "good"? What responsibilities should a zoo have?

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Writing

Topic: "Should children learn about animals in zoos or in the wild?"

Task: Write short but engaging article (150); consider learning, animal welfare, and
technology.
Tips: Use rhetorical questions, subheadings, and personal examples.

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SPEAKING:

General Questions about Zoos

1. Have you ever visited a zoo? What was your experience like?
2. What do you think are the main purposes of modern zoos?
3. How have zoos changed over time?
4. What do you expect to see or learn when you visit a zoo?
5. Do you think children benefit from visiting zoos? Why or why not?

⚖️Ethics of Zoos

6. Do you think it’s ethical to keep animals in captivity? Why or why not?
7. What’s the difference between a “good zoo” and a “bad zoo”?
8. Is it better to protect animals in the wild or in captivity? Why?
9. Would you support closing all zoos? What could replace them?
10. Should wild animals have the same rights as humans in terms of freedom?
🐾 Animal Welfare

11. What do animals need to live happy and healthy lives in captivity?
12. How can zookeepers improve the living conditions of animals?
13. What are some signs that an animal is not well in a zoo?
14. How do you feel when you see animals pacing or looking stressed in enclosures?
15. Should animals in zoos be allowed to breed? Why or why not?

🌍 Endangered Species and Conservation

16. Do you know of any species that were saved by zoos? Which ones?
17. Why are some species endangered today?
18. How can zoos help protect endangered species?
19. Do you think governments should spend more money on conservation?
20. What are other ways to protect endangered animals besides zoos?

🍃 Connecting with Nature

21. How do you usually interact with nature?

22. Would you prefer to see animals in the wild or in a zoo? Why?
23. What are some eco-friendly ways to observe wildlife?
24. What role do documentaries or virtual reality play in teaching us about animals?
25. How can people in big cities stay connected to the natural world?

🐨 Favourite Animals

26. What’s your favourite animal and why?

27. If you could adopt any wild animal (safely), which one would you choose?
28. Have you ever seen your favourite animal in real life?
 29. Which animal do you think is the most intelligent?
30. Are there any animals you’re afraid of? Why?

GRAMMAR:

Present Perfect Simple vs. Present Perfect Continuous

1. Present Perfect Simple (have/has + past participle)

🔹 Form:

 Affirmative: Subject + have/has + past participle

→ I have visited London.
 Negative: Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle
→ She hasn’t finished her homework.
 Question: Have/Has + subject + past participle?
→ Have you ever eaten sushi?

🔹 Uses:

1. Life experiences (without exact time):

I have tried bungee jumping.
2. Completed actions with a result now:
She has broken her leg (so she can’t walk).
3. Unfinished time periods (today, this week, this year):
We have read three books this month.
4. With just, already, yet, ever, never:
He has already finished. / Have you ever been to Paris?

2. Present Perfect Continuous (have/has + been + verb-ing)

🔹 Form:

 Affirmative: Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing

→ I have been studying for three hours.
  Negative: Subject + haven’t/hasn’t + been + verb-ing
→ He hasn’t been sleeping well.
 Question: Have/Has + subject + been + verb-ing?
→ Have they been working here long?

🔹 Uses:

1. Actions started in the past and still continuing:

I have been living here since 2010.
2. Recent actions with present results (often visible or temporary):
She has been crying (her eyes are red).
3. Emphasis on duration:
We have been waiting for over an hour.

3. Key Differences

Present Perfect Simple Present Perfect Continuous

Focus on the result Focus on the activity/duration

I have read 50 pages today. (result) I have been reading for two hours. (process)

Often with how many / how much Often with how long / since / for

Emphasizes a finished action Emphasizes an unfinished action

🐾 Present Perfect Simple & Continuous excercise

A. Fill in the blanks

Complete with Present Perfect Simple or Continuous.

1. The zookeeper __________ (feed) the lions three times today.

 2. We __________ (watch) the monkeys for half an hour.
3. She __________ (visit) the zoo many times before.
4. The panda __________ (sleep) all afternoon.
5. The kids __________ (see) the new giraffe already.
6. The elephants are wet because the keepers __________ (wash) them.
7. I __________ (never / touch) a snake before.
8. The guide looks tired. He __________ (walk) around the zoo with tourists all
morning.
9. The visitors __________ (take) hundreds of photos today.
10. The flamingos look pinker because they __________ (eat) a lot of shrimp lately.
11. The zoo workers __________ (build) a new enclosure this month.
12. The children __________ (run) around the playground since they arrived.
13. The penguin __________ (escape) from its pool twice before!
14. The tourists __________ (wait) at the entrance for twenty minutes.
15. My friend __________ (buy) a souvenir from the zoo shop.

B. Choose the correct option

Select the correct form.

1. The parrot (has said / has been saying) the same word again and again for ten minutes.
2. We (have seen / have been seeing) many exotic animals today.
3. The zookeeper (has explained / has been explaining) how they feed the crocodiles
since we arrived.
4. The children (have eaten / have been eating) their ice cream, so now they are ready to
continue the tour.
5. The keeper (has cleaned / has been cleaning) the penguin pool, and it looks fresh now.
6. The tiger (has roared / has been roaring) loudly for the last five minutes.
7. We (have walked / have been walking) around the reptile house all morning.
8. The zoo (has opened / has been opening) a new aquarium recently.
9. The meerkats (have played / have been playing) near their burrows for hours.
10. I (have taken / have been taking) three pictures of the baby elephant.
11. The vet (has checked / has been checking) the sick gorilla this week.
12. The kangaroo (has jumped / has been jumping) around the enclosure since we got
here.
 13. We (have bought / have been buying) tickets online before coming.
14. The otters (have swum / have been swimming) happily in the water all day.
15. The visitors (have arrived / have been arriving) at the zoo since early morning.

C. Make your own sentences

Write your own zoo-related sentences. Use Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
Continuous.

1. Write about how many animals you have seen.

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2. Write about how long you have been watching one animal.

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3. Write about a new zoo you have visited.

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4. Write about how long you have been walking around the zoo.

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5. Write about whether you have ever fed an animal at the zoo.

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6. Write about how long the giraffes have been eating.

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7. Write about how many photos you have taken.

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8. Write about whether you have ever touched a reptile.

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9. Write about how long the monkeys have been playing.

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10. Write about a time the zoo has opened a new exhibit.

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11. Write about how long you have been waiting in line.

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12. Write about how many souvenirs you have bought.

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13. Write about how long the zookeepers have been cleaning an enclosure.

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14. Write about an unusual animal you have seen.

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15. Write about how long the penguins have been swimming.

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D. Correct the mistakes

Each sentence has a mistake in the use of Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. Rewrite them
correctly.

1. The zookeeper has feeding the lions since morning.

2. We has been watched the monkeys for an hour.
3. She have visited the zoo yesterday.
4. The panda have been sleeping since three hours.
 5. The kids has saw the new giraffe already.
6. The elephants have wash by the keepers just now.
7. I have never touching a snake before.
8. The guide have been walk around all day.
9. The visitors has took many photos this morning.
10. The flamingos has been eat shrimp for weeks.
11. The zoo workers has build a new enclosure this year.
12. The children have been run in the playground since two hours.
13. The penguin have escape twice today.
14. The tourists have been waited for twenty minutes.
15. My friend have buy a souvenir at the shop.
16. The chimpanzees has been playing since we arrive.
17. The zoo manager have organized many events this month.

E. Answer the questions

Answer using Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect Continuous.

1. How many times have you visited a zoo?

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2. Have you ever fed an animal in a zoo?

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3. What animals have you seen in a zoo?

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4. Have you ever touched a reptile in a zoo?

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5. How long have you been watching your favourite animal at the zoo?

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 6. Have you ever bought a souvenir from a zoo shop?

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7. What new exhibits has your local zoo opened recently?

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8. Have you ever heard a lion roar in real life?

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9. How long have the penguins been swimming when you visited?

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10. Which animals have you never seen in a zoo?

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11. Have you ever taken a photo with an exotic bird?

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12. How long have you been walking around a zoo on your longest visit?

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13. Have you ever ridden a camel or elephant in a zoo?

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14. Which animals have been eating when you last saw them?

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15. Have you ever helped a zookeeper with their work?

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 16. How long have the monkeys been playing when you watched them?

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17. Which animals have surprised you the most in a zoo?

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Why Do Veterinarians Charge So Much?

Many pet owners wonder why veterinary care is so costly. As both a veterinarian and a pet
owner, I understand the financial challenge of caring for animals and the realities of managing
a clinic. Let’s look at the main reasons behind veterinary fees.

The Purpose of Veterinary Medicine

Becoming a veterinarian requires many years of study. Most graduates leave university with
very large student loans—often more than $180,000. To repay this debt and support their
families, veterinarians must earn a sufficient income.

The main aim of a vet is to build a long-term partnership with pet owners: keeping animals
healthy for as long as possible, treating them when they are ill, and easing their suffering at
the end of life. While this career is emotionally rewarding, vets must also maintain a stable
business that pays staff salaries and covers daily expenses.

Why Do Owners Believe the Costs Are Too High?

Many people are surprised by veterinary bills because they are not expecting them, they do
not fully understand the charges, or they have no insurance to help reduce the cost. Unlike
human healthcare, veterinary medicine has no government subsidies such as Medicare or
Medicaid.

Another reason is that most pet owners do not realize how expensive it is to run a hospital.
Human patients rarely see the true price of their treatment because insurance or government
support pays a large part of the bill. In veterinary care, however, the owner is responsible for
the full cost, which can make fees appear much higher. On top of this, when a pet is sick or
injured, emotions can make it difficult to think calmly about money.

How Are Veterinary Fees Set?

Veterinary clinics are essentially hospitals for animals. They must cover many costs to stay
open, including rent, utilities, and insurance. They also buy and store medicines and pet food.
Modern equipment such as digital x-rays, ultrasound machines, and laboratory tools is
extremely expensive to purchase and maintain.

In addition, salaries must be paid to a whole team—not only veterinarians, but also nurses,
receptionists, and animal care staff who clean, feed, and monitor the patients. In fact, a
veterinary hospital combines many different services under one roof: a doctor’s office, a
pharmacy, a laboratory, a radiology center, a surgical unit, and even a pet food shop.

In human medicine, each of these services is billed separately. In veterinary medicine, they
usually appear together on a single invoice, which can seem overwhelming at first glance.

How Can Owners Reduce the Costs?

Caring for a pet always involves financial responsibility, but there are ways to manage
expenses. Prevention is the most effective approach: vaccinations, dental care, and parasite
control are far cheaper than treatment. Feeding high-quality food also helps avoid health
problems later in life.
Owners may also use low-cost vaccination or spay/neuter clinics, but they should make sure
that safe medical standards are followed. Many veterinary practices now offer wellness plans
that spread routine care over monthly payments, making costs easier to manage. Finally, pet
insurance can reduce the financial impact of unexpected illnesses, although policies should be
compared carefully before purchase.

Do Veterinarians Really Charge Too Much?

Most veterinarians try to keep their fees reasonable, but costs differ depending on the clinic
and location. The best advice is to choose a veterinarian you trust—one who explains the fees
clearly and offers the best care for your pet.

Comprehension

Multiple Choice

1. Why do veterinarians usually need to earn relatively high salaries?

a) They work fewer hours than doctors
b) They need to pay back large student loans and cover clinic costs
c) They receive no government support
d) They sell expensive pet food
2. Why might pet owners be shocked by veterinary bills?
a) They expect the same prices as in human medicine
b) They usually do not understand what the bill includes
c) Few people have pet insurance or subsidies for pets
d) All of the above
3. Which factor does NOT add to the cost of running a veterinary hospital?
a) Rent and insurance
b) Advanced medical equipment
c) Government subsidies
d) Salaries for staff

Open / Short Answer

4. What is the main goal of a veterinarian working in private practice?

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 5. Why do emotions make it harder for pet owners to think clearly about money?

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6. How is a veterinary hospital different from a human hospital in the way bills are
presented?

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7. What are two examples of preventive care that save money in the long run?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. What is one risk of using a low-cost veterinary clinic?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. The article describes a veterinary hospital as “many places in one.” What does this
mean, and why does it make the bill seem higher?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. In your own words, explain what a wellness plan is and how it helps pet owners
manage costs.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Vocabulary:
1. Financial challenge – a difficult situation related to money
o Paying for university and rent at the same time was a serious financial
challenge.
2. Student loan debt – money that must be repaid after borrowing to study
o Many graduates begin their careers with heavy student loan debt.

3. Subsidy – money provided by the government to reduce costs

o Public transport is cheaper because it receives a government subsidy.

4. Partnership – a close working relationship with another person or group

o The teacher encouraged a partnership between parents and schools.

5. Emotional burden – strong feelings that make a situation harder to manage

o Losing a pet creates both a financial and an emotional burden.

6. Invoice – an official list of services with their prices

 o The hotel sent me an invoice for my three-night stay.

7. Overwhelming – very strong or too difficult to handle

o The overwhelming number of emails made it hard to focus on work.

8. Maintain (a business) – to keep something running successfully

o It is expensive to maintain a small shop in the city centre.

9. Preventive care – actions taken to stop illness or problems before they happen
o Vaccinations are one of the most important forms of preventive care.

10. Wellness plan – a program offering routine medical services for a fixed price
o The clinic’s wellness plan included annual check-ups and dental cleaning.

11. Efficient – working in a quick and organized way

o Modern technology makes communication more efficient than before.

12. Sustainable – able to continue over time without problems

o The company is trying to build a sustainable business model.

13. Pharmacy – a place where medicines are prepared and sold

o You can buy antibiotics at a pharmacy with a prescription.

14. Treatment – medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury

o The dog needed immediate treatment after being hit by a car.

15. Reasonable – fair and not too expensive

o The restaurant charged a reasonable price for a three-course meal.

1. Match the Words with the Definitions

Words/Phrases:
a) Subsidy
b) Sustainable
c) Wellness plan
d) Treatment
e) Reasonable
f) Emotional burden
g) Efficient
h) Partnership
i) Invoice
j) Preventive care

Definitions:

1. Medical care to stop illnesses before they appear

2. Financial help from the government to lower costs
3. A bill showing services and their prices
4. Able to continue for a long time without problems
5. Fair or not too expensive
6. A health program that offers regular services for a fixed cost
7. Medical help for sickness or injury
8. A close working relationship with another person or group
9. Organized and quick in completing work
10. Stress or sadness that makes a situation more difficult

2. Gap-Fill

Complete each sentence with the correct vocabulary word.

financial challenge, student loan debt, subsidy, invoice, overwhelming, maintain,

preventive care, wellness plan, treatment, sustainable

1. Many young graduates struggle with large amounts of ________ after finishing
university.
2. The hospital sent me an ________ for the surgery, listing all the services.
3. Vaccinations are a form of ________ because they stop diseases before they start.
4. Building a ________ business requires planning and long-term vision.
5. The amount of work on my desk felt completely ________.
6. After the accident, the cat received immediate ________ at the clinic.
7. The clinic offers a ________ that covers annual check-ups and vaccines for one price.
8. Farmers often receive a government ________ to keep food prices lower.
9. It is difficult to ________ a small company without enough customers.
10. Caring for two sick pets at the same time was both a financial and an ________.
3. Synonyms & Antonyms

Choose the correct synonym or antonym.

1. Overwhelming
o Synonym: a) powerful b) simple c) small
2. Efficient
o Synonym: a) quick b) disorganized c) heavy
3. Reasonable
o Antonym: a) fair b) expensive c) acceptable
4. Maintain (a business)
o Synonym: a) continue b) close c) forget
5. Preventive care
o Synonym: a) protection b) cure c) danger
6. Invoice
o Synonym: a) recipe b) bill c) prescription
7. Emotional burden
o Synonym: a) stress b) joy c) peace
8. Partnership
o Synonym: a) cooperation b) isolation c) fight
9. Treatment
o Synonym: a) therapy b) illness c) problem
10. Sustainable

o Synonym: a) lasting b) temporary c) fragile

4. Short Answer

Answer in your own words using the vocabulary.

1. Why might an invoice from a veterinary clinic seem overwhelming?

___________________________________________________________________________

2. What is an example of a subsidy in your country?

___________________________________________________________________________

3. Why is it important for a business to be sustainable?

___________________________________________________________________________

4. What kind of treatment might a cat need after surgery?

___________________________________________________________________________

5. What situations create a strong emotional burden for pet owners?

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Do you think the cost of veterinary care in your area is reasonable? Explain.

___________________________________________________________________________

Speaking:

General Understanding

1. Why do you think veterinary care can be expensive?

2. How does the training and student debt of veterinarians affect their fees?
3. What is the goal of a veterinarian when caring for pets?

Personal Experience

4. Have you ever taken a pet to the vet? How was the experience?
5. Have you ever felt surprised or shocked by a veterinary bill? What did you do?
6. Do you own a pet, or would you like to have one? How would you prepare for its
health costs?

Prevention & Planning

7. What are some ways to prevent health problems in pets?

8. How can a wellness plan or pet insurance help pet owners?
9. Do you think it’s better to spend money on preventive care or only treat illnesses when
they happen? Why?

Ethics & Society

10. Should governments provide subsidies for pet care, like they do for human healthcare?
Why or why not?
 11. How important is it to balance emotional care and financial cost when deciding on
veterinary treatment?
12. Should veterinarians ever reduce their fees for people who cannot afford treatment?
What are the pros and cons?

Comparison & Reflection

13. How is veterinary care different from human healthcare in terms of costs and services?
14. How do you think people in countries with government healthcare understand the real
costs of medical care?
15. If you were a veterinarian, how would you explain your fees to pet owners?

Listening:

[Link]

1. What difficult question do many pet owners face regarding their pets, according to the
video?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. What type of advanced medical procedure is mentioned, and how much can it cost for
a cat?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Why did Greg Norwicki decide to go ahead with the kidney transplant for his cat
Tucker?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. How long had Tucker been showing signs of kidney problems before the transplant
was suggested?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. What challenges do veterinarians face when treating cats with kidney disease,
according to Dr. Chad Schmidt?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. How unique is the cat kidney transplant program at the University of Georgia, and
where do the patients come from?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. How has pet ownership in the U.S. changed over the last 30 years, and how does this
affect demand for veterinary care?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. What ongoing costs might pet owners expect after a kidney transplant for their cat?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. How does the program ensure that donor cats are treated ethically and safely after the
surgery?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
 10. How did the kidney transplant affect the relationship between Tucker and Charlie, and
what is Tucker’s condition five years later?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Vocabulary:

 Transplant – (noun/verb) the process of moving an organ or tissue from one body to
another; e.g., a kidney transplant.

 Candidate – (noun) someone who is considered suitable for a particular role or

opportunity; e.g., Tucker became a candidate for surgery.

 Advanced – (adjective) highly developed or complex; e.g., advanced veterinary medicine.

 Ethical – (adjective) relating to moral principles; e.g., some people questioned whether the
donor cat surgery was ethical.

 Specialized – (adjective) requiring specific knowledge or skill; e.g., a specialized program

for cat kidney transplants.

 Thriving – (verb/adjective) growing, developing, or doing very well; e.g., Tucker is

thriving after the surgery.

 Bond – (noun) a close connection or relationship; e.g., the bond between a pet and its
owner.

 Euthanized – (verb) to humanely end the life of an animal to prevent suffering; e.g.,
shelter cats might have been euthanized without the surgery opportunity.

Part A – Story Completion

transplant, candidate, advanced, ethical, specialized, thriving, bond, euthanized

Fill in the blanks with the correct word from the box.

Yesterday, a cat named Luna came into our clinic. She was very sick, and after several tests,
the vet said she might need a kidney (1) __________. Luna became a (2) __________ for the
procedure. Only a few vets at our clinic can perform this (3) __________ surgery because it is
so complicated.

Luckily, after the operation, Luna is (4) __________ and playing with her favorite toys. Her
owner feels a strong (5) __________ with her because they have been together for many
years.
Some people questioned whether it was (6) __________ to use a donor cat for the surgery, but
the donor, who would have been (7) __________ in a shelter, is now adopted and happy. We
make sure that every pet receives (8) __________ care for their special needs.

Part B – Creative Challenge

Story Twist
Write a few sentences imagining what happens next at the pet hospital. Use at least 3
vocabulary words. For example, what happens to the donor cat? How does the owner feel?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………

Speaking:

 How far would you go to save your pet’s life? Would you pay a large amount of money for
their treatment?

 Do you think advanced veterinary medicine, like kidney transplants for cats, is worth the
cost? Why or why not?

 How important is the bond between humans and their pets in making medical decisions for
animals?

 What challenges do you think vets face when treating pets that hide their illness?

 Would you consider adopting a donor pet if it helped save your own pet’s life? Why or
why not?

 How do you feel about using shelter animals as donors for surgeries? Is it ethical?

 Do you think pets should be considered family members? How does this affect how much
money people spend on them?

 How do you think the increasing number of pet owners affects the demand for advanced
veterinary care?

 If you had to make a difficult medical decision for a pet, how would you decide what is
best?

 How do you think pets understand or remember the help they receive from other animals,
like a donor cat?
Modal Verbs: Theory and Practice

1. Using Modals for Advice and Obligation

Modal Use Examples

Should Advice, recommendation “You should take your cat to the vet if it stops eating.”
Strong obligation,
Must “You must give your dog all its vaccinations.”
necessity
“You ought to consider a second opinion before
Ought to Formal advice
surgery.”

Notes:

 “Should” is softer than “must.”

 Can be used for personal opinions or general advice.

Practice 1: Complete the sentences

1. If your cat seems very sick, you __________ visit a specialist immediately.
2. Pet owners __________ keep their animals’ vaccinations up to date.
3. You __________ consider adopting a cat from a shelter instead of buying one.

2. Using Modals for Possibility

Modal Use Examples

Might / “Tucker might recover fully after the kidney

Possibility
May transplant.”

Possible outcome or
Could “Donating a kidney could save another cat’s life.”
suggestion

Practice 2: Complete the sentences

1. If the surgery is successful, the cat __________ live another ten years.
2. Visiting a new veterinary clinic __________ help you find better treatment options.
3. A cat hiding its symptoms __________ make it harder to diagnose illness early.
3. Using Modals for Ability

Modal Use Examples

“Cats can hide pain very well.”
Can / Could Ability in present/past
“Last year, the dog could not walk after the accident.”

Practice 3: Choose the correct modal

1. Cats ______ (can / might) survive with just one kidney if monitored carefully.
2. Tucker ______ (could / should) not eat certain foods after surgery.
3. Donor cats ______ (must / can) give a second chance to sick cats.

4. Discussion Using Modals

Topic: “Should people spend $20,000 on a cat kidney transplant?”

Guidelines:

 Use should / must / ought to for advice or ethical opinions.

 Use might / could to discuss possible outcomes.
 Use can / could to describe abilities or limitations of pets.

Example Statements:

 “Pet owners should consider the cost, but saving a life might be priceless.”
 “Cats can hide symptoms, so early diagnosis could prevent surgery.”
 “We must think about donor cats too, as they also deserve a good life.”

Practice 4: Form your own sentences using modals

1. What advice would you give a friend whose cat needs expensive surgery?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

2. What might happen if pet owners ignore their cat’s illness?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
 3. What can cats do that makes veterinary treatment challenging?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Excercises:

Practice 1: Complete the Sentences (Advice & Obligation)

Fill in the blanks with should, must, or ought to:

1. If your cat seems very sick, you __________ visit a specialist immediately.
2. Pet owners __________ keep their animals’ vaccinations up to date.
3. You __________ consider adopting a cat from a shelter instead of buying one.
4. Owners __________ monitor their pets carefully after a major surgery.
5. A cat with kidney problems __________ receive regular blood tests.
6. You __________ talk to a vet before giving your pet any new medication.
7. Families who want to adopt a pet __________ research the animal’s needs first.
8. If your dog shows signs of pain, you __________ take it to a veterinary clinic
immediately.

Practice 2: Complete the Sentences (Possibility – might / could / may)

Fill in the blanks with might, could, or may:

1. Tucker __________ recover fully after his kidney transplant.

2. A cat with hidden illness __________ show no symptoms for months.
3. Giving a kidney from a donor cat __________ save another cat’s life.
4. The surgery __________ be very expensive for some pet owners.
5. Shelter cats __________ become wonderful pets if adopted.
6. Charlie __________ bond with Tucker after the surgery.
7. The medication __________ cause side effects in older cats.
8. Some people __________ think it’s unethical to use donor cats.

Practice 3: Ability (Can / Could)

Fill in the blanks with can or could:

 1. Cats __________ hide their pain very well.
2. A skilled veterinarian __________ perform a kidney transplant successfully.
3. Pet owners __________ provide extra care to sick animals at home.
4. Donor cats __________ survive the surgery and live healthy lives.
5. With the right treatment, older cats __________ enjoy several more years.
6. Some cats __________ become aggressive if stressed during hospitalization.
7. Owners __________ learn how to give medication properly to their pets.
8. Veterinary teams __________ save animals even in critical conditions.

Practice 4: Debate / Opinion (Should / Must / Might)

Complete the sentences to express your opinion:

1. People __________ spend a lot of money to save a pet’s life if they can afford it.
2. Veterinarians __________ explain all possible risks before surgery.
3. Owners __________ adopt pets instead of buying if shelters are full.
4. Families __________ think carefully before agreeing to complex surgeries.
5. Donor cats __________ be treated ethically and adopted afterward.
6. Some people think pets __________ be considered part of the family.
7. Spending money on a pet’s surgery __________ improve its quality of life.
8. People __________ weigh the ethical concerns before participating in donor
programs.

Pets and Veterinary Care

Fill in the blanks with the correct modal verb: should, must, might, could, can.

Three years ago, Maria’s cat Luna started feeling unwell. Her vet said that her kidneys were
failing. Maria knew that Luna’s life ______ (1) be in danger if she didn’t act quickly. The vet
explained that Luna ______ (2) have a kidney transplant, but it would cost a lot of money.

Maria thought carefully. She decided that she ______ (3) spend whatever it takes to save
Luna. “Some people say it’s selfish,” she said, “but I believe I ______ (4) do everything
possible for her.”
The vet warned that not all cats recover easily. Luna ______ (5) face complications after the
surgery, and her owner ______ (6) continue giving her medication and check-ups for many
years.

Fortunately, the surgery was a success. Luna ______ (7) now live a happy life, and the donor
cat, Milo, ______ (8) also stay healthy and become part of the family.

Pet Medical Decisions

Complete the text with the correct modal verb: should, must, might, could, can, would.

Dr. Rivera is a veterinarian at a busy animal hospital. One morning, Alex brought in his dog,
Max, who had a serious heart condition. The vet explained that Max ______ (1) need heart
surgery to survive, but it ______ (2) be expensive and carries risks.

Alex asked whether Max ______ (3) respond well to medication instead, and Dr. Rivera said
that while it ______ (4) help for a short time, it wouldn’t fully cure the problem. “If you want
Max to live a normal life, you ______ (5) consider the surgery seriously,” she advised.

Later, they discussed the possibility of a stem cell treatment. This new therapy ______ (6)
offer benefits, but the long-term results ______ (7) still be uncertain. The hospital assured
Alex that Max ______ (8) recover fully if the procedure is successful, but it ______ (9) take
months of follow-up care.

Alex knew that making the right decision ______ (10) be challenging, but he wanted to do
what was best for Max.
Conversation:

General Questions About Pets and Care

1. How far would you go to save a pet’s life? Would you spend a lot of money?
2. Do you consider pets part of the family? Why or why not?
3. What are some signs that a cat or dog might be sick?
4. How often do you think pets should go to the vet for check-ups?
5. Have you ever had to make a difficult decision about your pet’s health?

Questions Using Modal Verbs (Should / Must / Might / Could / Can)

6. Should people spend $20,000 or more on a pet’s surgery if they can afford it?
7. Could a kidney transplant really improve a cat’s quality of life?
8. Might some pet owners regret spending so much money on surgery?
9. What can veterinarians do to help owners make ethical decisions about their pets?
10. Must pet owners always follow the vet’s advice, even if it’s expensive?

Ethical Debate Questions

11. Is it ethical to use a donor cat for surgery? Why or why not?
12. Should shelters provide cats for organ donation programs?
13. Could adopting a donor cat after surgery be a good solution for both cats?
14. How might cultural attitudes toward pets affect decisions about expensive surgeries?
15. Do you think pets should have the same level of medical care as humans?