SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-1
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 1 [CO - 3 ]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No Periods
.
1. 1 Interference: Coherent sources
Interference in thin films-parallel films,
Interference in thin films- Wedge
Shaped Films, Newton’s Rings & its
Applications

PART A

1. What do you understand by coherent sources?

2. Why two independent light sources cannot be coherent?
3. What is the main condition to produce Interference?
4. What do you mean by fringe width?
5. What is a wave front?
6. What is phase difference corresponding to path difference?
7. Draw neat and labeled diagrams of interference in thin films due to
(a) reflected light, and (b) refracted light.
8. Explain the formation of colours in thin films.

PART B

9. Describe the interference observed when a thin-wedged shaped film is seen by

reflected light normally.
10. Discuss the phenomenon of interference of light due to thin films and find the
conditions for maxima and minima. Show that the interference patterns of
reflected and transmitted monochromatic source of light are complimentary.
11. Explain the colours when a thin film illuminated by white light is observed in
reflected light.
Page 1 of 16
 12. Explain the phenomenon of interference in thin films due to reflected light.
13. Explain with a diagram how Newton’s rings are formed. How is this phenomenon
used to determine the radius of curvature of the lens? Explain briefly why
Newton’s rings are circular. Find an expression for the diameter of n th dark and
bright Newton’s ring.
14. Discuss the perfect blackness of a central spot in Newton’s rings when the film is
observed in reflected light? What will happen with transmitted light?
15. Give the formation of Newton’s rings. How their formation differs in reflected and
transmitted system?
16. Describe how Newton’s rings experiment can be used to determine the
refractive index of a liquid?

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 2 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-2
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 2[CO - 3 ]

Coverage Date
S. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 Diffraction: Fraunhoffer Single slit
diffraction, Double slit diffraction,
Diffraction grating, Grating Spectra,
Dispersive Power of Grating, Raleigh’s
criterion of resolution, Resolving power
of Grating

PART A
 Differentiate between interference and diffraction?
 Write conditions of maxima and minima in diffraction pattern due to a single slit.
 Write the difference between single slit and double slit diffraction pattern.
 For single slit diffraction, explain the intensity distribution curve.
 Give essential condition for diffraction of light to occur.
 What is resolving power of a grating?
 How multiple spectra are formed with grating?
 What do you mean by grating and grating element?

PART B

 A single slit is illuminated by light composed of two wavelengths λ 1 and λ2. One
observes that due to Fraunhofer diffraction the first minimum obtained for λ1
coincides with 2nd diffraction minimum of λ2. What is relation between λ1 and λ2.
[λ1 > λ2 or λ2= λ1/2]
 What do you meant by Diffraction of light? Discuss the phenomenon of Fraunhofer
diffraction at a single slit and show that the relative intensities of the successive
maxima are nearly 1: 4/9 л2 : 4/ 25 л2 : 4/49 л2 …….
 Show that only 1st order spectra is possible if the width of grating element is less than twice
Page 3 of 16
 the wavelength of light used.
 Describe the feature of a double slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. What are the
missing orders?
 What do you understand by missing order spectrum? Show that only first order is
possible if the width of a grating element is less than twice the wavelength of light.
 Explain Rayleigh’s criterion of limit of resolution.
 Give the construction and theory of plane transmission grating and explain the
formation of spectra by it. Explain what are absent spectra in the grating.
 What is meant by the resolving power of an optical instrument?
 Prove that the resolving power of a grating is the product of the total number of
lines on grating surface and order of spectra.
 What do you understand by the resolving power of a grating? Derive the necessary
expression.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 4 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-3
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 FIBRE OPTICS: Introduction to Fibre
Optics, Acceptance angle and Cone,
Numerical Aperture, Normalized
Frequency, Classification of Fibre,
Attenuation and Dispersion in optical
fibres

PART A
1 What is an optical fibre?
2 What is Numerical Aperture? Distinguish between Acceptance angle and Numerical
aperture.
3 Describe the basic principle of an optical fibre.
4 What is mono or single mode step index fibre?
5 What is multi mode step index fibre?
6 Give some important uses of optical fibre in our daily life.

PART B
7 Explain how glass fibre guide light from one end to the other.
8 What are the major factors that can dictate the choice of certain fibres for specific
applications? What are advantages and disadvantages of multimode step index fibres?
9 Derive the expression for the Numerical aperture of step index fibre. Show that it does
not depend on the physical dimensions of the fibre.
10 Explain how optical fibres are classified? Discuss their characteristic features.
11 Differentiate between material dispersion and intramodal dispersion.
12  What are advantages and disadvantages of single mode optical fibres?
 What are advantages and disadvantages of multimode graded index fibres?
13 What is dispersion in optical fibres? Explain different mechanisms that contribute to
dispersion.
14 Why should we use optical fibres instead of conventional copper Cables?

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 5 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-4
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 4 [CO – 4]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 LASER: Absorption & Spontaneous
Emission of Radiation, Stimulated Emission
of Radiation, Einstein’s coefficients,
Population Inversion, Concept of 3 & 4 Level
Laser, Construction and working of Ruby
Laser and He-Ne, Laser Applications

PART A
1. What is a LASER? Write its full form.
2. What is optical pumping?
3. What is Meta-stable state?
4. What is the advantage of He-Ne laser over Ruby laser?

PART B
5. Explain the terms ‘Absorption’, Spontaneous emission’, and ‘stimulated emission’
of radiation.
6. Show that the ratio of spontaneous emission and stimulated emission is proportion
to 3‫ע‬, where ‫ ע‬is the frequency of radiation.
7. What do you mean by population inversion? How is it achieved in practice?
8. What are Einstein’s coefficients? Establish a relation between Einstein’s A and B
coefficient.
9. What are the important features of stimulated emission of radiations? Differentiate
between spontaneous emission and stimulated emission in their mechanism and
characteristics.
10. Describe construction and working of Ruby Laser with neat and labeled diagrams.
11. Describe construction and working of He–Ne Laser with neat and labeled
diagrams.
12. Discuss some important applications of LASER.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 6 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-5
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 5 [CO - 1]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No Periods
.
1. 2 Quantum Mechanics / Wave
Mechanics: Black body radiation
spectrum, Stefan’s law and Wein’s law,
Rayleigh-Jeans law, Assumption of
quantum theory of radiation, Planck’s
law, Wave-particle duality, de-Broglie
matter waves, Wave function and its
significance, Schrödinger’s Time
independent wave equation,
Schrödinger’s Time dependent wave
equation, Particle in one dimensional
potential box, Compton Effect
PART A only
1 Write Wien’s displacement law?
2 What is Planck’s radiation law?
3 State Rayleigh – Jeans law?
4 What do you understand with a black body?
5 What is de-Broglie’s hypothesis?
6 Explain briefly the matter waves.
7 Determine de-Broglie wavelength of photon.
8 What do you mean by eigen function and eigen values?
9 What is Compton Effect?
10 Show that Compton shift is undetectable for visible light.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 7 of 16
 SESSION-2025 – 2026

Assignment-6
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence
Assignment – 5 [CO - 1]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No Periods
.
1. 1 Quantum Mechanics / Wave
Mechanics: Black body radiation
spectrum, Stefan’s law and Wein’s law,
Rayleigh-Jeans law, Assumption of quantum
theory of radiation, Planck’s law, Wave-
particle duality, de-Broglie matter waves,
Wave function and its significance,
Schrödinger’s Time independent wave
equation, Schrödinger’s Time dependent
wave equation, Particle in one dimensional
potential box, Compton Effect
PART B Only
1 What is a perfect black body? How it can be realized in practice? Describe distribution of
energy in black body radiation.
2 What is Planck’s quantum hypothesis of radiation? Establish Planck’s radiation formula.
3 Deduce Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s radiation formula.
4 Discuss dual nature of matter and waves.
5 What are de-Broglie waves? How do they help in the interpretation of Bohr’s quantization
rule.
6 Deduce an expression for de-Broglie wavelength of helium atom having energy a
temperature T K.
7 Distinguish between phase velocity and group velocity of a wave packet. Prove that
vp x vg=c2.
8 Give physical significance of wave function. Derive Schroedinger Time independent and
Time dependent wave equations. What happens if the particle is free?
9 Solve Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a one dimensional potential box to find
out the Eigen values of energy and Eigen function.
10 Discuss Compton effect and derive an expression for the Compton shift. What is
Compton wavelength? Derive expressions for the direction and kinetic energy of
recoiled Compton electron.

Page 8 of 16
 Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-7
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 7 [CO – 2]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 ELECTROMAGNETICS: Equation of
continuity for current density, Displacement
Current, Modification of Ampere’s law,
Maxwell’s Equations in Vacuum, Maxwell’s
Equations in Non-conducting medium,
Energy in EM field, Poynting vector and
Poynting theorem, Plane EM waves in
vacuum & its transverse nature, Relation b/w
electric & magnetic fields of an EM wave,
Energy & Momentum carried by EM waves,
Resultant pressure, Skin depth

PART A
1. What is equation of continuity?

2. What do you understand by current density?

3. What is instantaneous energy flux density?

4. What is Gauss’s law in magneto static?

5. What do you understand by magnetic induction?

6. What do you understand by electromagnetic waves?

7. Write the Maxwell’s equation in differential form.

PART B
8. What is equation of continuity? Derive it on the basis of Maxwell’s equations.

9. Write down the Maxwell’s equation in integral form and convert them in to differential
form. Give physical significance of each equation. What modification was made by

Page 9 of 16
 Maxwell to the Ampere’s law.
10. Write down Maxwell’s equations for free space and prove that the electromagnetic
waves are transverse.
11. Write and explain the differential and integral form of Maxwell’s equations.
12. Show that the wave equation for the electric field in free space is given by

13. Prove that the velocity of plane electromagnetic wave in the vacuum is given by

14. Solve Maxwell’s equations for free space and show that E, H and direction of wave
propagation form a set of orthogonal vectors.
15. Discuss the solution of plane wave in conducting and non conducting medium.
16. Define Poynting Vector and explain its physical significance for electromagnetic wave
in free space. Derive an expression for Poynting Theorem.
17. What is skin depth and discuss its significance.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 10 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-8
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 8 [CO – 5]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No Periods
.
1. 1 Superconductors: Temperature
dependence of resistivity in
superconducting materials, Meissner
effect, Temperature dependence of
critical field, Persistent current, Type I
and Type II superconductors, High
temperature superconductors,
Properties and Applications of Super-
conductors.

PART A
1. What is superconductivity?
2. Define critical Magnetic field.
3. Explain Meisssner Effect.
4. Give important characteristics of type I superconductor?
5. Give important characteristics of type II superconductor?
6. How does critical Magnetic field vary with temperature in type II superconductors?
7. Distinguish between type I and type II superconductors.
8. Define transition temperature.
9. What is high temperature superconductor?
10. Describe the term ‘Maglev”.

PART B

11. What is meant by superconductivity? Describe the effect of magnetic field on

Page 11 of 16
 superconductors.
12. Define superconductivity. Discuss the temperature dependence of resistivity in
superconducting materials.
13. Explain type I and type II superconductors?
14. What is Meissner effect? Explain how Meissner effect proves the superconductor to be a
perfect diamagnetic material?
15. Explain the term critical magnetic field in a superconductor. How does the critical
Magnetic field vary with temperature in type I and type II superconductors?
16. Discuss the origin, development and important properties of superconductivity. Discuss
briefly the potential applications of superconductors.
17. Write a short note on High Temperature Superconductors.
18. Discuss characteristic properties and uses of superconductors.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 12 of 16
 SESSION-2025-2026

Assignment-9
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- 1
In Pursuit of Excellence

Assignment – 9[CO – 5]

Coverage Date
S. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 Nano-Materials: Introduction and
properties of nano materials, Basics
concept of Quantum Dots, Quantum
wires and Quantum well, Fabrication of
nano materials -Top-Down approach
(CVD) and Bottom-Up approach (Sol
Gel), Properties and Application.

PART A
1. Define Nanotechnology
2. What are Nano-materials? Give some examples.
3. What is the purpose of Nano-Science?
4. What is the dimension of quantum wires?
5. What is meant by Quantum Dots?
6. What is quantum effect in Nano-materials?
7. Give some uses of quantum wells.

PART B
8. Explain Quantum Dots, Quantum Wires and Quantum Wells.
9. What do you understand with Sol-Gel process to synthesize Nanomaterials.
10. Give some properties of Quantum Wells.
11. Give some properties of Nanomaterials.
12. Discuss some applications of Nanotechnology.

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 13 of 16
 SESSION-2025-
2026
Assignment-10
PHYSICS BAS – 101 B. Tech. SEM- I
In Pursuit of Excellence
QUESTION BANK
Assignment – 10 [CO – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

Coverage Date
Sr. No. of Topics/Sub Topics
Batch I Batch II Sign
No. Periods
1. 1 Important Questions for
End Semester Examination
covering
FULL SYLLABUS
[PART C only]
1. Explain with a diagram how Newton’s rings are formed. Find an expression for the
diameter of nth dark and bright Newton’s ring. Also discuss the perfect blackness of a
central spot in Newton’s rings when the film is observed in reflected light? What will
happen with transmitted light?
2. What do you meant by Diffraction of light? Discuss the phenomenon of Fraunhofer
diffraction at a single slit and show that the relative intensities of the successive
maxima are nearly 1: 4/9 л2 : 4/ 25 л2 : 4/49 л2 …….
3. Give the construction and theory of plane transmission grating and explain the
formation of spectra by it. Explain what are absent spectra in the grating.
4. What do you understand by the resolving power of a grating? Derive the necessary
expression.
5. Explain how optical fibres are classified? Discuss their characteristic features.
6. (a) What are advantages and disadvantages of single mode optical fibres?
(b) What are advantages and disadvantages of multimode graded index fibres?
7. Derive the expression for the Numerical aperture of step index fiber. Show that it does
not depend on the physical dimensions of the fiber.
8. What are the major factors that can dictate the choice of certain fibres for specific
applications? What are advantages and disadvantages of multimode step index
fibres?
9. Explain the terms ‘Absorption’, Spontaneous emission’, and ‘stimulated emission’ of
radiation.

Page 14 of 16
 10. What do you mean by population inversion? How is it achieved in practice?
11. What are Einstein’s coefficients? Derive a relation between Einstein’s A and B
coefficient.
12. Describe construction and working with neat and labelled diagrams of Ruby Laser or
He-Ne Laser.
13. What are de-Broglie waves? How do they help in the interpretation of Bohr’s
quantization rule?

14. Give physical significance of wave function. Derive Schroedinger Time independent
and Time dependent wave equations. What happens if the particle is free?
15. Solve Schrodinger wave equation for a particle in a one dimensional potential box to
find out the Eigen values and Eigen function.
16. Discuss Compton effect and derive an expression for the Compton shift. What is
Compton wavelength? Derive expressions for the direction and kinetic energy of
recoiled Compton electron.

17. Write down the Maxwell’s equation in integral form and convert them in to differential
form. Give physical significance of each equation. What modification was made by
Maxwell to the Ampere’s law?
18. Show that the wave equation for the electric field in free space is given by

19. Solve Maxwell’s equations for free space and prove that the electromagnetic waves
are transverse in nature. Also show that E, H and direction of wave propagation form a
set of orthogonal vectors.
20. Define Poynting Vector and explain its physical significance for electromagnetic wave
in free space. Derive an expression for Poynting Theorem.
21. What are type I and type II superconductors? Describe in brief BCS theory of
superconductivity.
22. Explain the term critical magnetic field in a superconductor. How does the critical
Magnetic field vary with temperature in type I and type II superconductors?
23. What is Meissner effect? Explain how Meissner effect proves the superconductor to be
a perfect diamagnetic material?
24. Write short notes on (i) Quantum Dots, (ii) Quantum Wires, (iii) Quantum Well
25. Give properties and applications of Nano materials.

+ Numerical of All Chapters (Mentioned in Tutorial Sheets Only)

Numerical Specially from- [PART B]
1. Interference
2. Quantum Mechanics
3. EMW
4. Optical Fibre, Superconductors
Page 15 of 16
 5. Plus -----Short Answer type Questions from All Assignments [PART A]

Dr Manish Saxena
Name & Sign of Faculty Sign of Reviewer Sign of HOD

Page 16 of 16