UNIT II

CLOUD COMPUTING

COMPUTE SERVICE

Compute services provide dynamically sclable compute capacity in the cloud. Compute
resources can be provisioned on-demand in the form of virtual machines.
Features
 Scalability and Flexibility:
Cloud compute services offer the ability to quickly scale resources up or down based on
demand, providing flexibility to handle fluctuating workloads.
 Secure:
Compute services provide various security features that control the access to the virtual
machine instance such as security groups, access control lists, network firewalls etc..
 Cost effective:
Cloud service provides offer various billing option such as ondemand instances which are
billed per-hour, reserved instance which arereserved after one-time initial payment, spot
instance for which users can place bids, etc.
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2):
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is a web service that provides resizable compute
capacity in the cloud, allowing users to rent virtual machines (instances) to run their
applications. It's a core part of Amazon Web Services (AWS) and offers a scalable, cost-
effective way to deploy and manage applications without the need for physical hardware.

Key Features and Concepts:

 Virtual Machines (Instances):
EC2 provides access to virtual machines that can be customized with different specifications
(CPU, memory, storage) based on your application's needs.
 Scalability:
EC2 allows you to easily scale your computing resources up or down based on demand,
ensuring optimal performance and cost efficiency.
 Pay-as-you-go:
You only pay for the resources you consume, making it a flexible and cost-effective solution
compared to traditional infrastructure.
  Amazon Machine Images (AMIs):
AMIs are pre-configured templates that include the operating system and other software
needed to launch your instances.
 Auto Scaling:
EC2 integrates with Auto Scaling to automatically adjust the number of instances based on
traffic and other metrics, ensuring high availability and performance.
 Security:
EC2 offers various security features, including VPCs, subnets, and security groups, to protect
your instances and data.
1. Amazon Elastic computer cloud:
 AWS offers a wide range of storage services that can be configured depending on
your project requirements and use cases.
 AWS comes up with different types of storage services for maintaining highly
confidential data, frequently accessed data, and often accessed storage data.
 You can choose from various storage service types such as Object Storage as a
Service(Amazon S3), File Storage as a Service (Amazon EFS), Block Storage as a
Service (Amazon EBS), backups, and data migration options.

Amazon S3 Used for

Amazon S3 is used for various purposes in the Cloud because of its robust features
with scaling and Securing of data. It helps people with all kinds of use cases from fields
such as Mobile/Web applications, Big data, Machine Learning and many more. The
following are a few Wide Usage of Amazon S3 service.
 Data Storage: Amazon s3 acts as the best option for scaling both small and large
storage applications. It helps in storing and retrieving the data-intensitive applications
as per needs in ideal time.
 Backup and Recovery: Many Organizations are using Amazon S3 to backup their
critical data and maintain the data durability and availability for recovery needs.
 Hosting Static Websites: Amazon S3 facilitates in storing HTML, CSS and other web
content from Users/developers allowing them for hosting Static Websites benefiting
with low-latency access and cost-effectiveness. To know more detailing refer this
Article - How to host static websites using Amazon S3
 Data Archiving: Amazon S3 Glacie r service integration helps as a cost-effective
solution for long-term data storing which are less frequently accessed applications.
 Big Data Analytics: Amazon S3 is often considered as data lake because of its capacity
to store large amounts of both structured and unstructured data offering seamless
integration with other AWS Analytics and AWS Machine Learning Services.

2. GOOGLE COMPUTE ENGINE:

  Compute Engine is a computing and hosting service that lets you create and run
virtual machines on Google infrastructure, comparable to Amazon EC2 and Azure
Virtual Machines.
 Compute Engine offers scale, performance, and value that lets you easily launch large
compute clusters with no up-front investment.
 Google Compute Engine is an IaaS component of Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It
is built on the global infrastructure that runs Google's Search Engine, Gmail,
YouTube, and other Big Services.
 Google's Compute Engine is a part of the computer platform Google service
component of Google Cloud Platform which is built on the global infrastructure that
runs Google's Search Engine, YouTube, and Other Services.

Applications of Google Compute Engine:

Google Compute Engine will allow you to run your application and services on
virtual machines. Below are some common applications of Google Compute Engine.
1. Web applications hosting: Google compute engine will provide the storage, and
networking resources to host your web application.
2. Can run large-scale data: Google compute engine is suitable for data analysis, and
scientific simulations which need to handle large-scale data.
3. Gaming servers: Google's compute engine has low latency so it is very suitable to host
multiple gaming infrastructures.
4. Support Docker and Kubernetes: Google compute engine will
support containerization applications . Either you can run containers as a single or you
can maintain the clusters which are provided by Kubernetes and docker-compose.

Features of Google Compute Engine:

 Machine Type:- It describes Virtual hardware attached to an instance, it also
includes RAM and CPU. It can further have two types:
 Local SSD: GCE always offers encrypted local solid-state drive block storage which is
physically attached to the Virtual Machine running it. It improves performance and also
reduces latency.
 Persistent Disk: Durable high-performance block storage for VM instances that can be
created in Hard Disk and SSD formats, so users can take snapshots and create a new
persistent disk from the snapshots.
 GPU Accelerators: GPUs are added to accelerate workloads like Machine Learning or
virtual workstation applications etc.

[Link] AZURE STORAGE:

The definition of Azure is that it is an online portal that allows us to manage and
access cloud services and various resources. The services here are like storing our data and
changing as per our needs. It is provided by Microsoft. There are many things you should
know about Microsoft Azure:
 There are over thousands of companies that are using services provided by Azure for
their cloud computing needs.
 Microsoft Azure was started on February 1, 2010.
 Programming Languages like Java, [Link], and C# are used by Azure.
What Are Virtual Machines?
A virtual machine is like a physical computer but it is actually a digital version of it.
Actually, it is not so much different from physical computers because they have
also memory, CPU, as well as they have disks to store our data or various files and one more
interesting thing is that they can also connect to the internet. So we can say that a VM is
actually the software-defined computer that exists only as a code but is present on physical
servers.

Uses Of Virtual Machines

 The virtual machine can back up our existing operating system. This is one of the
important use of VM that the existing O.S that we are using can be backed up by a
virtual machine.
 The apps are built and deployed in a cloud and a virtual machine can be used in it for
building and deployment of apps in a cloud.
 Virtual machines can be used to run various apps and software on operating systems
that are not made originally for them. There are many apps and software which are not
made for some operating systems but virtual machines are used in such cases to
overcome such problems.
Storage service.

STORAGE SERVICES

[Link] Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) in Cloud Computing

Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3) is a scalable, high-speed, web-based cloud
storage service designed for online backup and archiving of data and applications. It is
one of the core services offered by Amazon Web Services (AWS).

1. Definition and Purpose

Amazon S3 provides object storage through a web service interface. It is used to store and
retrieve any amount of data, at any time, from anywhere on the web. It is commonly used
for data backup, disaster recovery, content distribution, and big data analytics.
2. Key Features:

 Durability and Availability: S3 offers 99.999999999% (11 9's) durability and high
availability through replication across multiple data centers.
 Scalability: Automatically scales to accommodate growing amounts of data without
user intervention.
 Security: Supports encryption, access control policies, and integration with AWS
Identity and Access Management (IAM) for secure data access.
 Versioning: Maintains multiple versions of an object to protect against accidental
deletion or overwriting.
 Lifecycle Management: Automates data transfer to cheaper storage classes (e.g., S3
Glacier) for cost savings over time.

 Backup and Restore: Used by organizations to store backups and restore data in case
of failure.
 Static Website Hosting: Hosts static websites with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files.
 Big Data and Analytics: Stores large datasets for analytics applications like AWS
Athena and Redshift.
 Media Hosting: Stores images, videos, and other large media files for web
applications.

Amazon S3 is a reliable and efficient storage solution widely adopted in cloud computing due
to its scalability, durability, security, and cost-effectiveness. It plays a crucial role in
enabling modern cloud-based applications and services.

[Link] Cloud Storage in Cloud Computing

Google Cloud Storage (GCS) is a highly scalable, durable, and secure object storage
service offered by Google Cloud Platform (GCP). It allows users to store and retrieve any
amount of data at any time, making it ideal for use cases like data backup, content
delivery, big data analytics, and cloud-native applications.

Key Features

Object-Based Storage: Data is stored as objects within containers called buckets, each
object containing the data itself and associated metadata.

 Storage Classes: GCS offers four main storage classes to optimize cost based on
access frequency:
o Standard – for frequently accessed data.
o Nearline – for data accessed less than once a month.
o Coldline – for data accessed less than once a quarter.
o Archive – for long-term storage and compliance, rarely accessed data.
 Durability and Availability: Provides 99.999999999% (11 9s) durability and high
availability, with multi-regional replication to protect against data loss.
 Security: Includes encryption at rest and in transit, IAM (Identity and Access
Management) for access control, and integration with VPC Service Controls for
enhanced data protection.
 Benefits

 Scalability: Seamlessly scales to petabytes of data without user management of the

infrastructure.
 Cost-Effective: Tiered storage classes and lifecycle rules help minimize storage
costs by automatically transitioning data between classes.
 Global Accessibility: Accessible from anywhere in the world with low latency and
high performance.
 Integration with Other GCP Services: Easily integrates with services like
BigQuery, Dataflow, Cloud Functions, and AI/ML tools.

 Data backup and disaster recovery

 Hosting static websites and multimedia files
 Storing logs for analysis and compliance
 Staging data for machine learning models and big data processing

Google Cloud Storage is a robust, flexible, and secure cloud storage solution that supports
a wide variety of business and technical needs. Its storage class tiers, integration with
Google’s ecosystem, and focus on performance and security make it a powerful tool in
modern cloud computing environments.

6. Windows Azure Storage:

Windows Azure Storage is a cloud-based storage solution provided by Microsoft

Azure. It enables users to store, access, and manage large volumes of data in the cloud. It
is designed for high availability, scalability, durability, and security, supporting both
structured and unstructured data.

Types of Azure Storage Services

1. Blob Storage
o Stores unstructured data like images, videos, documents, and backups.
o Offers access tiers: Hot, Cool, and Archive for cost optimization.
2. File Storage (Azure Files)
o Provides fully managed file shares accessible via SMB/NFS protocols.
o Useful for migrating on-premises file servers to the cloud.
3. Queue Storage
o Enables asynchronous communication between components of cloud
applications.
o Stores and retrieves messages reliably.
4. Table Storage
o A NoSQL key-value store for large volumes of structured data.
o Used in applications that need fast access to semi-structured data.
5. Disk Storage
o Persistent storage for Azure Virtual Machines.
o Available in Standard HDD, Standard SSD, and Premium SSD.
Key Features
 Durability & Redundancy:
o Provides 99.999999999% (11 9s) durability.

o Supports Locally Redundant Storage (LRS), Geo-Redundant Storage

(GRS), and Zone-Redundant Storage (ZRS).

 Security:

o Data is encrypted at rest and in transit.

o Integrated with Azure Active Directory and Role-Based Access Control

(RBAC).

 Scalability and Performance:

o Handles massive amounts of data and supports millions of requests per

second.

USES:

 Backup and recovery

 Web and mobile app data storage

 Big data analytics

 Media streaming

 File sharing
Windows Azure Storage is a powerful, secure, and flexible storage solution that
supports a wide variety of applications and workloads in the cloud. It plays a key role in
cloud computing and digital transformation for businesses.
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